Monografia sobre Instalación de Gas Natural.(1)

(1)

T+7l+ N$ F+c3o40 0 T704+  F 2+4+ G+ L. T+7l+ N$ F+c3o40 0 T704+  F 2+4+ G+ L. D D88==33//1122-- M M,,//331188,,**33--= === PP00**++.. GG,,**44.. CCRRLL CCFF &&..## !!%%`` ((..""&&!! ((..&&%% ""..$$ '')).. ''))`` ((..''##"" ((..))&& ((..&& ''&&..'' !!""`` ((..(("")) ((..((""%% ))##.."" '' ((..(('')) ((..(('')) !!''..%% ' ' ''""`` ((..(((())%% ((..(((("""" !!%%..'' ' ' ''))`` ((..((((''!! ((..((((''%% ##((..%% )) ((..((((((!! ((..((((##

(2)

D0c4i2ci56 0l Si30+

  S3 0*8,1 /0?31, 93 62?13 R+892 ;2 L ;,1, *2- =03?*3-7 62?13 38S3 0*8,1 /0?31, 93 62?13 R+892 ;2 L ;,1, *2- =03?*3-7 62?13 38?*3 ;,1, 3* 182 93 ?*3 ;,1, 3* 182 93 *,*, 3-/0,  ;,1, *, *3, 93 **3,92 R+892 ;2 K. 3-/0,  ;,1, *, *3, 93 **3,92 R+892 ;2 K.   S3 *26,*8,1 0 T,03 3-/,682,182 3 *, A2/3, 62 C,;,689,9 03 -3+ 3* C*60*2 5,,S3 *26,*8,1 0 T,03 3-/,682,182 3 *, A2/3, 62 C,;,689,9 03 -3+ 3* C*60*2 5,, ;12;21682,92. ;12;21682,92.   S3 62/,1 3* =312 93 =03?*3-7  93 ,603192 , *2- 9,/2- ;12;21682,92- -3 62=3,1S3 62/,1 3* =312 93 =03?*3-7  93 ,603192 , *2- 9,/2- ;12;21682,92- -3 62=3,1 , ;12;231 3* 98=3/12 93 /0?31, ;,1, 6,9, 6,-2 3-;36<62. , ;12;231 3* 98=3/12 93 /0?31, ;,1, 6,9, 6,-2 3-;36<62.   L, ?,, ;13-8B 2 93?31 -2?13;,-,1 93 # , 03 -8 3-2 -063937 ;0393 03 2 603/3L, ?,, ;13-8B 2 93?31 -2?13;,-,1 93 # , 03 -8 3-2 -063937 ;0393 03 2 603/3 62 *, ;13-8B -0<683 62 *, ;13-8B -0<683/3 ;,1, ;2931 -0=88/3 ;,1, ;2931 -0=88-/1,1 -/1,1 , *2- 98313/, *2- 98313/3- =03?*3- 03 -3 3-/@3- =03?*3- 03 -3 3-/@ /2=,92 3 603/,. /2=,92 3 603/,.   T292- *2- 03=,9213- 93 ;2 D2=3-62 93-,92- , 2;31,1 62 +,- L.P -2 98-3>,92-T292- *2- 03=,9213- 93 ;2 D2=3-62 93-,92- , 2;31,1 62 +,- L.P -2 98-3>,92-;,1, -0 =8=, 3<68368, 60,92 3* +,- 93 ;,1, -0 =8=, 3<68368, 60,92 3* +,- 93 3/1,9, 33 0, ;13-8B 93 ).&" 3/1,9, 33 0, ;13-8B 93 ).&" +16=)+16=)

CHlclo 0l Si30+

E* ;13-3/3 ;1236/2 62/,1 62 0 T,03 3-/,682,182 3 *, A2/3, 62 0, *3, 93 E* ;13-3/3 ;1236/2 62/,1 62 0 T,03 3-/,682,182 3 *, A2/3, 62 0, *3, 93 **3,927 3* 60,* -0=88-/1,1 *2- -8+083/3- M03?*3-. P21 *2 /,/2 -3 62-8931, 0 ;1236/2 C*,-3 A **3,927 3* 60,* -0=88-/1,1 *2- -8+083/3- M03?*3-. P21 *2 /,/2 -3 62-8931, 0 ;1236/2 C*,-3 A   ' 6,*3/,921 93 ;,-2 CA.P,-2' 6,*3/,921 93 ;,-2 CA.P,-2   ' 6,*3/,921 92?*3 93 ;,-2 CA. ' 6,*3/,921 92?*3 93 ;,-2 CA. P,-2 92?*3P,-2 92?*3   ) 3-/0,- 6) 3-/0,- 62 " 03=,92132 " 03=,9213-  0 62=,* -  0 62=,* "QHCR"QHCR   ' ?,>2 =,1, .M,1,' ?,>2 =,1, .M,1,   ' ;,118**, 93 " 03=,9213-  P. "Q' ;,118**, 93 " 03=,9213-  P. "Q   ' 5212 92=@-62 H' 5212 92=@-62 H   ) S36,921,- S) S36,921,- S S2*068B N0=@186, 93* D1. P2*3 S2*068B N0=@186, 93* D1. P2*3 H H ==C C 22 x x LL xx F F D293: D293:

(3)

 ^ 6,9, 93 *, ^ 6,9, 93 *, ;13-8B 3;13-,92 3 ;2163/;13-8B 3;13-,92 3 ;2163/,3 93 *, ,3 93 *, 218+8,* ).&" +16=218+8,* ).&" +16=))_ C C^ 62-0=2 /2/,* 3 /1,=2 93 /0?31, ;21 6,*60*,17 3;13-,92 3 =^ 62-0=2 /2/,* 3 /1,=2 93 /0?31, ;21 6,*60*,17 3;13-,92 3 =!!_{93 4,;21 93 +,- ;21 521,}_{93 4,;21 93 +,- ;21 521,} = =!!_5_5 LL^ L2+8/09 3 ^ L2+8/09 3 =3/12- 93* /1,=2 93 /0?31, =3/12- 93* /1,=2 93 /0?31, 62-893162-8931,92,92 F F ,6/21 93 /0?31, /,?*, N_!,6/21 93 /0?31, /,?*, N_!

Co6o

A A;;,,11,,//22- - CC22--00==2 2--C

CAA..PPAASSO O ((..&&!!( ( ==!!55 C

CAA..PPAASSO O DDOOLLEE ''..# # ==!!55 ""QQHHCCR R ((..$$##( ( ==!!55 ""QQHHCCR R ((..$$##( ( ==!!55  ..MM,,11, , ((..!!""( ( ==!!55 P P. . ""Q Q ((..))""% % ==!!55 H H ((..''( ( ==!!55 S S ((..""%%( ( ==!!55 S S ((..""%%( ( ==!!55 C .88(  C .88( $$_%1_%1 S3 363-8/, 0 R368;83/3 3-/,682,182 62 6,;,689,9 93 4,;218,68B 8+0,* 2 =,21 , #.""% = S3 363-8/, 0 R368;83/3 3-/,682,182 62 6,;,689,9 93 4,;218,68B 8+0,* 2 =,21 , #.""% = !!_5_5

T+60 E3+cio6+4io

C2-0*/,92 *, /,?*, N_' -3 3*3+81 0 R368;83/3 E-/,682,182 93 '((( L8/12-7 , 03 3-/3 60?13 *, C2-0*/,92 *, /,?*, N_' -3 3*3+81 0 R368;83/3 E-/,682,182 93 '((( L8/12-7 , 03 3-/3 60?13 *, 6,;,689,9 93-3,9, 93 #.""% = 6,;,689,9 93-3,9, 93 #.""% =!!_5._5.

R0/l+o4

C2-0*/,92 *, T,?*, N_) P,1, 3* R3+0*,921 -3 0-,1 0 “R26[3** "! 3/1,9, !"”  -,*89, 93 !"` C2-0*/,92 *, T,?*, N_) P,1, 3* R3+0*,921 -3 0-,1 0 “R26[3** "! 3/1,9, !"”  -,*89, 93 !"`

C+lclo o4 34+o

H H ==C C 22 x x LL xx F F E *, -8+083/3 P+8, -3 =03-/1, 0 98,+1,=, 93 *, I-/,*,68B 93 E *, -8+083/3 P+8, -3 =03-/1, 0 98,+1,=, 93 *, I-/,*,68B 93 G,-o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 AA L^ L^ != != F^ F^ CRL CRL !'.% !'.% ==== C^

(4)

C^

C^ #.=$##.=$#aa&.&.aa#.$8##.$8#aa#.'8(#.'8(aa#.;##.;#aa#.;##.;#aa#.&<##.&<#aa#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# C.88( #.8(# C.88( $$_%1_%1

H^ #.""% H^ #.""%))_!_{! (.((""}_{(.((""   H^}_{H^ (.!&'}_(.!&' o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 CC L^ (. L^ (.# = # = F^ F^ CRL '). CRL '). ==== C^

C^ CA.ASOCA.ASO a a CA.ASO DOBLECA.ASO DOBLE C^

C^ #.=$##.=$#aa&. &. C'.8$ C'.8$ $$_%1_%1 _{H^ )."!}_H^_)."!))_(.#_{(.# (.)&(}_{(.)&(  } _H^_{H^ (.%$}_(.%$

o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 CDCD L^ '. L^ '. =  = F^ F^ CRL '). CRL '). ==== C^ C^ CA.ASOCA.ASO C^

C^ #.=$# #.=$# $$_%1_%1 _{H^ (.&!(}_{H^ (.&!(}))_'._{'. (.)&( }_{(.)&(  H^}_{H^ (."!$}_(."!$

o

o T1T1,=2 ,=2 EE

L^ ).

L^ ).$ = $ = F^ F^ CRL )#.CRL )#." ==" == C^

C^ B.MARÍAB.MARÍA aa . 8Q . 8Q a a 8QCR 8QCR a a 8QCR8QCR a a  a a SS a a SS C^

C^ #.$8##.$8#aa#.'8(#.'8(aa#.;##.;#aa#.;##.;#aa#.&<##.&<#aa#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# #.8(# C$.#&( C$.#&( $$_%1_%1

H^ !.('% H^ !.('%))_{).$( (.}_{).$( (.(') }_{(')  H^ (.!((}_{H^ (.!((} o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 EFEF L^ '. L^ '.# = # = F^ F^ CRL CRL &.# =&.# === C^ C^ B.MARÍAB.MARÍA C#.$8# C#.$8# $$_%1_%1 H^ (.!"(

H^ (.!"())_'.#_{'.# (.&%}_{(.&%  } _H^_{H^ (.'&%}_(.'&%

o

o T1,=2 EGT1,=2 EG

L^ (.

L^ (.% = % = F^ F^ CRL '&.CRL '&.' ==' == C^

C^ . 8Q . 8Q a a 8QCR 8QCR a a 8QCR8QCR a a  a a SS a a SS C^

C^ #.'8(#.'8(aa#.;##.;#aa#.;##.;#aa#.&<##.&<#aa#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# #.8(# C'.;<( C'.;<( $$_%1_%1

H^ ).$%

(5)

o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 GJGJ L^ '. L^ '.# = # = F^ F^ CF CF '). ='). === C^ C^ . 8Q . 8Q C^ C^ #.'8( #.'8( C#.'8( C#.'8( $$_%1_%1 H^ (.)"%

H^ (.)"%))_'.#_{'.# (.&(}_{(.&(  } _H^_{H^ (.(%&}_(.(%&

o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 GHGH L^ '. L^ '.# = # = F^ F^ CRL ').CRL '). == == C^ C^ 8QCR8QCR C^ C^ #.;# #.;# C#.;# C#.;# $$_%1_%1 H^ (.$#( H^ (.$#())_'.#_{'.# (.)&}_{(.)&  } _H^_{H^ (.'%%}_(.'%% o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 HIHI L^ '. L^ '.# = # = F^ F^ CF CF '). ='). === C^ C^ 8QCR8QCR C^ C^ #.;# #.;# C#.;# C#.;# $$_%1_%1 H^ (.$#( H^ (.$#())_'.#_{'.# (.&(}_{(.&(  } _H^_{H^ (.$'"}_(.$'" o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 GKGK L^ ! L^ ! = = F^ F^ CRL CRL '&.' =='&.' == C^

C^ 8QCR8QCR a a  a a SS a a SS C^

C^#.;##.;#aa#.&<##.&<#aa#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# #.8(# C&.<( C&.<( $$_%1_%1

H^ '.% H^ '.%))_!_{! (.("%}_{(.("%  } _H^_{H^ (."#$}_(."#$ o o T1,=2 KLT1,=2 KL L^ '. L^ '.# = # = F^ F^ CF CF '). ='). === C^ C^ 8QCR8QCR C^ C^#.;##.;#   C.;# C.;# $$_%1_%1 H^ (.$#( H^ (.$#())_'.#_{'.# (.&(}_{(.&(  } _H^_{H^ (.$'"}_(.$'"

(6)

o

o T1,=2 KMT1,=2 KM

L^ '.

L^ '.) = ) = F^ F^ CRL '&.CRL '&.' ==' == C^

C^  a a SS a a SS C^

C^#.&<##.&<#aa#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# #.8(# C&.&$ C&.&$ $$_%1_%1

H^ '.'! H^ '.'!))_'.)_{'.) (.("%}_{(.("%  } _H^_{H^ (.(!}_(.(! o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 MNMN L^ (. L^ (.% = % = F^ F^ CRL ').CRL '). == == C^ C^ SS a a SS C^ C^#.8(##.8(#aa#.8(# #.8(# C#.=;# C#.=;# $$_%1_%1 H^ (.&$(

H^ (.&$())_(.%_{(.% (.)&(}_{(.)&(  } _H^_{H^ (.)'%}_(.)'%

o o T1T1,=2 ,=2 NONO L^ (. L^ (.% = % = F^ F^ CRL ').CRL '). == == C^ C^ SS C^ C^#.8(# #.8(#   C#.8(# C#.8(# $$_%1_%1 H^ (."%( H^ (."%())_(.%_{(.% (.)&(}_{(.)&(  } _H^_{H^ (.(#"}_(.(#" E/263-7 T,?0*,92 *2- 4,*213- -3 33: E/263-7 T,?0*,92 *2- 4,*213- -3 33: C2-0=2 93 #.""% = C2-0=2 93 #.""% =!!_{5 ==, 6,9, 93 ;13-8B 3 /1,=2-.}_{5 ==, 6,9, 93 ;13-8B 3 /1,=2-.}

(7)

TT11,,==22  A A ((..!!&&''  CC ((..%%$$ C CDD ((..""!!$$  EE ((..!! EEFF ((..''&&%% EEGG ((..))## G GJJ ((..((%%&& G GHH ((..''%%%% H HII ((..$$''"" G GKK ((..""##$$ K KLL ((..$$''"" K KMM ((..((!! M MNN ((..))''%% N NOO ((..((##"" TT22//,,** ""..%%))  E* 6*60*2 93 *, 8-/,*,68B 3- 621136/2 ;2103 *, 6,9, /2/,* 93 ;13-8B 13-0*/, =321 ,* # E* 6*60*2 93 *, 8-/,*,68B 3- 621136/2 ;2103 *, 6,9, /2/,* 93 ;13-8B 13-0*/, =321 ,* # 4,*21 =8=2 ,9=892 ;21 *, 21=,. 4,*21 =8=2 ,9=892 ;21 *, 21=,.

CONCLUSIONES

  E* +,- `,/01,*` 3-/, 932=8,92 ,- ;2103 3 -0 62=;2-868B 0=86, 2 8/314833E* +,- `,/01,*` 3-/, 932=8,92 ,- ;2103 3 -0 62=;2-868B 0=86, 2 8/314833 8+ ;1263-2 3- *8=;827 -8 8+ ;1263-2 3- *8=;827 -8 62*21  -8 62*21  -8 2*212*21..   L, 62=;2-868B 93* +,- ,/01,* 4,1, -3+ 3* ,68=83/2 3 3* 03 -3 0?803.L, 62=;2-868B 93* +,- ,/01,* 4,1, -3+ 3* ,68=83/2 3 3* 03 -3 0?803.   C2 =242- 93 -3+0189,9 ,* +,- -3 *3 ,>,93 0 ,+3/3 0=862 **,=,92 =316,;/,7C2 =242- 93 -3+0189,9 ,* +,- -3 *3 ,>,93 0 ,+3/3 0=862 **,=,92 =316,;/,7 03 *3 9, 0 2*21 , 50342 ;2918927 62 3* ;12;B-8/2 93 93/36/,1 0, ;2-8?*3 0+, 93 03 *3 9, 0 2*21 , 50342 ;2918927 62 3* ;12;B-8/2 93 93/36/,1 0, ;2-8?*3 0+, 93 +,-. +,-.   E* 0-2 93* +,- ,/01,* ;0393 ,09,1 , 348/,1 =065,- 93 *,- ;13260;,6823- , 843*E* 0-2 93* +,- ,/01,* ;0393 ,09,1 , 348/,1 =065,- 93 *,- ;13260;,6823- , 843* ,=?83/,* 86*0392 *, 62/,=8,68B7 *, **048, 689,  *,- 3=8-823- 93 +,- 336/2 ,=?83/,* 86*0392 *, 62/,=8,68B7 *, **048, 689,  *,- 3=8-823- 93 +,- 336/2 8431,9312. 8431,9312.

RECOMENDACIONES GENERALES

  M,/@ *2- ,1/3,6/2- 93 +,- 3 ?03 3-/,92  62 -0<683/3 43*,68B 3 3* 1368/2M,/@ *2- ,1/3,6/2- 93 +,- 3 ?03 3-/,92  62 -0<683/3 43*,68B 3 3* 1368/2 9293 -3 3603/1, ;,1, 9293 -3 3603/1, ;,1, +,1,+,1,,1 -0 ,1 -0 621136/2 0682,=83/2.621136/2 0682,=83/2.   N2 ;31=8/,- 03 *2- =3213- 93 39,9 ,66823 2 03+03 62 N2 ;31=8/,- 03 *2- =3213- 93 39,9 ,66823 2 03+03 62 *2- ,1/3,6/2- , +,-  -0-*2- ,1/3,6/2- , +,-  -0-4*40*,-. 4*40*,-.

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  V318<6, 13603/3=3/3  ,/3- 93 ,62-/,1/37 03 /292- *2- ,1/3,6/2- , +,- 3-/@V318<6, 13603/3=3/3  ,/3- 93 ,62-/,1/37 03 /292- *2- ,1/3,6/2- , +,- 3-/@ ,;,+,92-  03 *,- ,;,+,92-  03 *,- 4*40*,- 93 ;,-2 3-/@ 6311,9,-7 ;,1, 348/,1 3-6,;3- 93 +,- 4*40*,- 93 ;,-2 3-/@ 6311,9,-7 ;,1, 348/,1 3-6,;3- 93 +,- ,/01,*.,/01,*.   S8 93/36/,- 2*21 , +,- ,/01,*7 68311, *,- 4*40*,- 93* 63/12 93 =39868B  ,1/3,6/2- 93S8 93/36/,- 2*21 , +,- ,/01,*7 68311, *,- 4*40*,- 93* 63/12 93 =39868B  ,1/3,6/2- 93 +,- 2 ,66823 ,;,1,/2- 3*@6/1862- 8 8/3110;/213- ,?13 *,- 43/,,-  ;031/,- 9,92 +,- 2 ,66823 ,;,1,/2- 3*@6/1862- 8 8/3110;/213- ,?13 *,- 43/,,-  ;031/,- 9,92 43*,68B -0<683/3 ,* *0+,1  62=06,/3 62 2-2/12-. 43*,68B -0<683/3 ,* *0+,1  62=06,/3 62 2-2/12-.   E 6,-2 93 13=293*,1 /0 484839,7 -2*868/, , *, 98-/18?08921, 93* -3148682 93 +,- ,/01,*E 6,-2 93 13=293*,1 /0 484839,7 -2*868/, , *, 98-/18?08921, 93* -3148682 93 +,- ,/01,* *, -0-;3-8B 93* -3148682 *, -0-;3-8B 93* -3148682 ;,1, 348/,1 0+,- 93 +,- ,/01,* 2 ;2-8?*3- ;,1, 348/,1 0+,- 93 +,- ,/01,* 2 ;2-8?*3- ,66893/3-.,66893/3-.

(9)

(10)

ANE>OS: ANE>OS:

(11)

6,9, ,;,1,/2. E-/2 -3 62-8+03 621/,92 3* /0?2  -2*9,92 , 3-/3 92- 1,621 6,9, ,;,1,/2. E-/2 -3 62-8+03 621/,92 3* /0?2  -2*9,92 , 3-/3 92- 1,621 /1,-=8-8B 93 /0?2 , 12-6,7 -3+089,=3/3 -3 312-6, *, **,43 93 621/3 62 /1,-=8-8B 93 /0?2 , 12-6,7 -3+089,=3/3 -3 312-6, *, **,43 93 621/3 62 -0- 62113-;2983/3- 0/,- 93 +2=, ;,1, 2 /331 ;@1989,-. F8,*=3/3 ;,1, -0- 62113-;2983/3- 0/,- 93 +2=, ;,1, 2 /331 ;@1989,-. F8,*=3/3 ;,1, -3+081 62 3* /0?2 -3 62*26, 2/12 1,621 -3+081 62 3* /0?2 -3 62*26, 2/12 1,6217 03 5,+, ;,-,1 93 7 03 5,+, ;,-,1 93 12-, , /0?2  ;293112-, , /0?2  ;2931 -2*9,1 034,=3/3 ,* /0?2 6202. -2*9,1 034,=3/3 ,* /0?2 6202. . . F8,*=3/3 F8,*=3/3 -3 -3 13,*8, 13,*8, 0, 0, ;103?, 93 ;103?, 93 3-/,0383-/,0389,9 9,9 93* /93* /0?2 =398,/30?2 =398,/3 0, 0, 62*0=, 62*0=, 93 93 62=;12?,62=;12?,68B 68B 93 93 3-/,033-/,0389,9. 89,9. P,1, P,1, 13,*8,1 13,*8,1 3-/, 3-/, ;103?,;103?, -3 5, 93 -3+081 *2- -8+083/3- ;,-2-: -3 5, 93 -3+081 *2- -8+083/3- ;,-2-: o o R3 R3 1313****332 2 6262  0 0 ;2;262 62 93 93 ,+,+0, 0, =3=39898,,/3 /3 3* 3* /0/0?2 ?2 =3=312 12 '7'7 62-8+08392 03 3* ,+0, -3 308*8?13 3 3* 8/31821 93 *, 62*0=, 3 62-8+08392 03 3* ,+0, -3 308*8?13 3 3* 8/31821 93 *, 62*0=, 3 *, 60,* 3* /0?2 3-/ 92?*,92. *, 60,* 3* /0?2 3-/ 92?*,92. o o C238B 93* /0?2 =312 ) , *, **,43 93 621/3 ;1868;,*7 3- 936817 *,C238B 93* /0?2 =312 ) , *, **,43 93 621/3 ;1868;,*7 3- 936817 *, +331,*7 *, 93 *, 3/1,9, , *, 484839,. +331,*7 *, 93 *, 3/1,9, , *, 484839,. o o S2;*,1 3 3* 8/31821 93* /0?2 =312 !7 62 *, **,43 3*3=3/2S2;*,1 3 3* 8/31821 93* /0?2 =312 !7 62 *, **,43 3*3=3/2 =312 " ,?831/,7  0, 43 8621;21,92 3* ,813 6311,1 @-/, **,437 =312 " ,?831/,7  0, 43 8621;21,92 3* ,813 6311,1 @-/, **,437 ;,1, 62-3+081 8<*/1,1 3* ,813 ;21 /292 3* 136211892  348/,1 03 -3 3-6,;3 ;21 *, ;,1, 62-3+081 8<*/1,1 3* ,813 ;21 /292 3* 136211892  348/,1 03 -3 3-6,;3 ;21 *, 62*0=, 93 62=;12?,68B. 62*0=, 93 62=;12?,68B. o o F8,*=3/37 62=2 3* ,813 1362113 /292 3* 6,=82 93 *, 8-/,*,68B7 5,63 93-308*8?1,1F8,*=3/37 62=2 3* ,813 1362113 /292 3* 6,=82 93 *, 8-/,*,68B7 5,63 93-308*8?1,1 3* ,+0, 93 *, 62*0=,. D3-;0@- 93 0 ;,1 93 521,- 62 *, 62*0=, 62*26,9,7 62=2 *, 3* ,+0, 93 *, 62*0=,. D3-;0@- 93 0 ;,1 93 521,- 62 *, 62*0=, 62*26,9,7 62=2 *, @-/,7 3-/ +1,90,9, ;293=2- 431 -8 3* ,+0, 620, 3 3* =8-=2 -82 2 5, ;,-,92 , @-/,7 3-/ +1,90,9, ;293=2- 431 -8 3* ,+0, 620, 3 3* =8-=2 -82 2 5, ;,-,92 , 308*8?1,1-37 ;21 *2 /,/2 3 6,-2 93 38-1 0, 0+,7 3* ,+0, -3 50?83-3 308*8?1,927 308*8?1,1-37 ;21 *2 /,/2 3 6,-2 93 38-1 0, 0+,7 3* ,+0, -3 50?83-3 308*8?1,927 ;21 *2 /,/2 2 =,16,18, *2 =8-=2 03 ,* ;21 *2 /,/2 2 =,16,18, *2 =8-=2 03 ,* ;1868;82.;1868;82. (.

(. ESESEECICIFIFICACACICIONONESES::

+.

P13-8B 93 S0=88-/12P13-8B 93 S0=88-/12 L, P13-8B 93 S0=88-/12 6298682, *, 1363;68B 93 +,-  *, ,62=39, 93* 398<6827 -2?13 /292 L, P13-8B 93 S0=88-/12 6298682, *, 1363;68B 93 +,-  *, ,62=39, 93* 398<6827 -2?13 /292 3 3* 6,-2 93 G,- N,/01,*. 3 3* 6,-2 93 G,- N,/01,*. S83=;13 *, ;13-8B -3 =,33 3 6,9, 139 93/12 93 0 1,+2 93 4,*213- 62613/2-7 03 -3 S83=;13 *, ;13-8B -3 =,33 3 6,9, 139 93/12 93 0 1,+2 93 4,*213- 62613/2-7 03 -3 93<3 =398,/3 02- ,;,1,/2- **,=,92- 93<3 =398,/3 02- ,;,1,/2- **,=,92- 13+0*,9213-13+0*,9213-.. E8-/3 /13- ;2- 93 ;13-823- 93 98-/18?068B 93* 0892: E8-/3 /13- ;2- 93 ;13-823- 93 98-/18?068B 93* 0892:   ,, P13-8B: E- 831821 , #(( ==.6.,. E-/3 3- 3* -0=88-/12 0-0,* 3 *,- 1393- 01?,,-.,, P13-8B: E- 831821 , #(( ==.6.,. E-/3 3- 3* -0=88-/12 0-0,* 3 *,- 1393- 01?,,-. L2- =,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- -2: L2- =,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- -2: ;2*83*32;2*83*327 09868B 7 09868B  ,6312,6312 -8 -2*9,901,. -8 -2*9,901,.

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

L, 98-/,68, ,* -03*2 93 0, /0?31, 93 +,-7 93?3 /331 0 =8=2 93 # 6=. D3* =8-=2 L, 98-/,68, ,* -03*2 93 0, /0?31, 93 +,-7 93?3 /331 0 =8=2 93 # 6=. D3* =8-=2 =2927 *, 98-/,68, 3/13 0 62906/2 93 +,-  02 93 34,60,68B 93 50=2-  =2927 *, 98-/,68, 3/13 0 62906/2 93 +,-  02 93 34,60,68B 93 50=2-  +,-3-03=,92-7 /391 # 6=. 62=2 =8=2. 03=,92-7 /391 # 6=. 62=2 =8=2. L,- /0?31,- 93 L,- /0?31,- 93 +,- +,- 93?3 98-;231-3 ,*3,9,- 93 60,*0831 3*3=3/2 ;12906/21 93 658-;,-  93?3 98-;231-3 ,*3,9,- 93 60,*0831 3*3=3/2 ;12906/21 93 658-;,-  93? 93?3 3 6086089,19,1-3 -3 93 93 -8/-8/0,10,1*2- *2- 3 3 *0+*0+,13,13- - ;1;12/32/3+89+892-7 2-7 929293 93 2 2 131368?68?, , +2*+2*;3- ;3- 2 2 -0-01,1, 93/318212-. 93/318212-.

1. 1. V069l+cio60

V069l+cio60

P21 1,23- 93 -3+0189,97 P21 1,23- 93 -3+0189,97  ,/3  ,/3 60,*0831 ;2-8?*3 ;@1989, 2 60,*0831 ;2-8?*3 ;@1989, 2 93/36/93/36/,9,7 3-/,- 8-/,*,6823-,9,7 3-/,- 8-/,*,6823-1308313 93 43*,68B 1308313 93 43*,68B7 /,/2 ;21 7 /,/2 ;21 9293 98-60113 *,-9293 98-60113 *,- /0?31,- /0?31,- 62=2 3 *2- -82- 9293 -362=2 3 *2- -82- 9293 -3 0?86, 6,9, 02 93 *2- ,;,1,/2-. 0?86, 6,9, 02 93 *2- ,;,1,/2-. =.

=. TITIOOS DS DE CE CONONE>E>I?I?N:N:

A.

(18)

.

(19)

&#.

&#. MEMECANCANISMISMOS DE SOS DE SEGEGURIURIDADAD:D:

M0c+6io i61040630 + l+

M0c+6io i61040630 + l+ 6+34+l06+34+l0+ 0l + 0l 24oc3o:24oc3o:

  S8-/3=, 93 ;12/3668B 6,/B986,.S8-/3=, 93 ;12/3668B 6,/B986,.   V*40*,- ,0/2=6,- 93 ?*2032 93 62/12* 13=2/2.V*40*,- ,0/2=6,- 93 ?*2032 93 62/12* 13=2/2.   P*, 93 ;134368B 93 9,>2- ;21 /316312- PPDP*, 93 ;134368B 93 9,>2- ;21 /316312- PPD 

 I=;*3=3/,68B 93* S8-/3=, 93 G3-B 93 I/3+189,9.I=;*3=3/,68B 93* S8-/3=, 93 G3-B 93 I/3+189,9.   P*, 93 3906,68B , *, ;2?*,68B.P*, 93 3906,68B , *, ;2?*,68B.   S8=0*,612- 93 13-;03-/, , 3=31+368,-.S8=0*,612- 93 13-;03-/, , 3=31+368,-.   C,;,68/,68B  3/13,=83/2 ,* ;31-2,* 2;31,42.C,;,68/,68B  3/13,=83/2 ,* ;31-2,* 2;31,42.   &&&&.. DDIISSEE@@OO

RECOMENDACIONES ARA EL DISE@O: RECOMENDACIONES ARA EL DISE@O:

,.

,. D8-3D8-3>2 93 8>2 93 8-/,-/,*,68*,68B 93 +B 93 +,?83,?83/3- ;/3- ;,1, ,1/,1, ,1/3,3,6/2- 96/2- 93 +,-.3 +,-. ?.

?. D8-3D8-3>2 93 >2 93 8-8-/,*,6/,*,68B -8B -8-/8-/3=,- 3=,- 93 193 13+0*3+0*,68B,68B.. 6.

6. U?86U?86,68B,68B 93  93 *, I*, I-/-/,*,6,*,68B 8B 93 =93 =39893989213- 213- 93 +93 +,-.,-. 9.

9. D8-3D8-3>2 98=3>2 98=3-82-82,* 3 8-,* 3 8-/,*,/,*,68B 93 668B 93 6,>31,>31,- 62 -0,- 62 -0- ,663- ,663-2182-2182-.-. 3.

(20)

.. D8D8-3-3>2 >2 9898=3=3--8282,,*7 *7 6262--/1/106066868B B 3 3 88-/-/,*,*,6,68B8B  93 93 -8-8-/-/3=3=,- ,- 93 93 3434,6,60,0,6868B B 9393 ;12906/2- 93 62=?0-B. ;12906/2- 93 62=?0-B. +. +. C*C*,-8,-8<6,<6,68B68B 93  93 ,=?,=?8383/3- 92/3- 9293 -3 93 -3 8-8-/,*/,*3 ,1/33 ,1/3,,6/26/2- - 93 +,- 2 93 +,- 2 -81-814, ;,14, ;,1, , *2- *2-130318=83/2- 93 43*,68B 93 2/12- ,=?83/3-. 130318=83/2- 93 43*,68B 93 2/12- ,=?83/3-. 5. 5. D8-3D8-3>2 98=3>2 98=3-82-82,*  13,*8,*  13,*8,68B 9,68B 93 43*3 43*,682,6823- 93 ,=?833- 93 ,=?83/3/3-.-. 8.8. D8-3D8-3>2 98=3>2 98=3-82-82,*7 13,*7 13,*8,*8,68B,68B 3 8-/, 3 8-/,*,68*,68B 93 8-B 93 8-/,*,/,*,68B 868B 8/318/3182121.. ACCESORIOS: ACCESORIOS:

(21)

(22)

(23)

DISE@O DE TUBERIA EN RED MATRI": DISE@O DE TUBERIA EN RED MATRI":



 NORMAS:NORMAS:

 R3R3+*,+*,=3=3/2 N,/2 N,682682,* 9,* 93 E93 E98<68<6,68,682323-. E-. E.(!.(!(  EM.(  EM.("(("(

 ASMASME !'.E !'.%  G,- T%  G,- T1,1,-=-=8--8--82 ,82 ,9 D8-9 D8-/18/18?0?02 P8;2 P8;8+ S8+ S--/3/3=-.=-.  ANANSISIASASME ME !!'.'.'  '  PP2[2[31 31 P8P8;8;8++..

 ANSIANSIAASME SME !'.! !'.!  C C53=853=86,* 6,* P*,P*,/ ,/ ,9 P9 P3/123/12*30= *30= R3<R3<31 31 P8;8P8;8+.+.  ANSANSI 'I '$.# $.#  S/ S/33* 33* P8;P8;3 F*3 F*,+,+3- ,3- ,9 F9 F*,*,+39 +39 F8F8\+\+-.-.  AAPPI I ##L L   LL883 3 PP88;;33..  APAPI I $D $D   P8P8;3 ;3 L8L83 3 VV,*,*4343-.-.  API API ''("  ''("  S/,S/,9,19 9,19 21 21 ]]3*983*98+ P8+ P8;3*8;3*83- ,3- ,9 R9 R3*,/3*,/39 F39 F,68*,68*83-.83-.  NTP NTP '''.()'''.()' D8' D8-/18-/18?068?068B 93 B 93 G,- NG,- N,/01,/01,* S3,* S362 ;62 ;21 T21 T0?310?31,- 9,- 93 P23 P2*83**83*32.32. E*EMLOS DE DISE@O: E*EMLOS DE DISE@O: Di0Po 06 CAD: Di0Po 06 CAD:

(24)

ISOMETRICO: ISOMETRICO:

DISE@O EN CAMO: DISE@O EN CAMO:

(25)

DISE@O EN CAMO DE ISOMETRICO: DISE@O EN CAMO DE ISOMETRICO:

E*EMLO DE CALCULO: E*EMLO DE CALCULO:

(26)

MEMORIA DE CALCULO DE INSTALACION DE GAS

l+63+ B++ co6 (;.$' 

''  

' 60,1/2 93 *,4,92

 

C268,

 

,>2

 

S,*,

 

C2=3921

 

G,*31,

 

G,1,3

l+63+ Al3+ co6 (.' 

''  

! D21=8/2182-

!

D21=8/2182- 

' T311,, ,-,921

 

,>2

P,1

P,1, , =- 82=- 821=,681=,68B *331 *,B *331 *, NORMA OKci+l M0ic+6+ NOM-##8-SEDG-'##8, I63+l+cio60 0NORMA OKci+l M0ic+6+ NOM-##8-SEDG-'##8, I63+l+cio60 0 +24o0c1+i063o 0 G+ L.. Di0Po J co634cci56. S0c403+4+ 0 E604/+

+24o0c1+i063o 0 G+ L.. Di0Po J co634cci56. S0c403+4+ 0 E604/+

S3 0*8,1 3* =@/292 93 6*60*2 93* D1. P2*3 S3 0*8,1 3* =@/292 93 6*60*2 93* D1. P2*3 H H ==C C 22 x x LL xx F F D293: D293:  ^ 6,9, 93 *, ^ 6,9, 93 *, ;13-8B 3;13-,92 3 ;2163/;13-8B 3;13-,92 3 ;2163/,3 93 *, ,3 93 *, 218+8,* ).&" +16=218+8,* ).&" +16=))_ C C^ 62-0=2 /2/,* 3 /1,=2 93 /0?31, ;21 6,*60*,17 3;13-,92 3 =^ 62-0=2 /2/,* 3 /1,=2 93 /0?31, ;21 6,*60*,17 3;13-,92 3 =!!_{93 4,;21 93 +,- ;21 521,}_{93 4,;21 93 +,- ;21 521,} = =!!_5_5 LL^ L2+8/09 3 ^ L2+8/09 3 =3/12- 93* /1,=2 93 /0?31, =3/12- 93* /1,=2 93 /0?31, 62-893162-8931,92,92 F F ,6/21 93 /0?31, /,?*, N_!,6/21 93 /0?31, /,?*, N_!

(27)

“FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, ARQUITECTURA Y

URBANISMO

””

“ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL”.

INTALACIONES EN EDIFICACIONES.

---

--“MONOGRAFIA SOBRE INTALACION DE GAS

“MONOGRAFIA SOBRE INTALACION DE GAS

NATURAL.”

Ciclo V

INTEGRANTES:



CARRANZA MUÑOZ ZULLY.



DIAZ QUEPUY LESLY JANINA.



GÁLVEZ TIRADO MICHAEL RICKYI.



RUIÑOS DAVILA MARJORIE ELIZAETH.



SERRANO OTOYA DIEGO.

DOCENTE DEL CURSO: DOCENTE DEL CURSO:

ING. IDROGO !RE" C!SAR ANTONIO. ING. IDROGO !RE" C!SAR ANTONIO.

IMENTEL#$%&'%'#&(-ER) IMENTEL#$%&'%'#&(-ER)

(28)

Contenido

INTRODUCCION

INTRODUCCION... !! II.. OOBB**EETTIIVVOO... ..""

&.

&.&&.. OOBB**EETTIIVVO GO GEENNEERRAALL... "" &.

&.'.'. OBOB*E*ETITIVVOS OS ESESEECICIFIFICOCOS.S... "" IIII.. MMAARRCCO TO TEEOORRIICCOO... "" &&.. CCOONNCCEETTOO... ... ## ''.. IIMMOORRTTAANNCCIIAA... ## $$.. TTIIOOS S DDE E GGAASS... $$

$.

$.&.&. GG+ + cici+ + o /o /+ + 0 10 1lll+l+::...$...$ $.

$.'.'. G+G+00 l licic++oo 0 0l 2l 203034545l0l0o o /o o /++0 0 GLGL::...$...$ $$..''..&&.. 44oo22++66oo::...$...$ $$..''..''.. BB33++66oo::...$...$ $$..$$.. GG++  0 c0 c++44775566::... $$ $$..88.. AAcc0099ll0066oo:...:... $$ 88.. CCLLAASSIIFFIICCAACCIIOONN...%% .

. CCONONSSE*E*OS OS DE SDE SEEGUGURRIDIDADAD... && ;.

;. VEVENTNTA*A*AS AS Y DEY DESSVEVENTNTA*A*ASAS...&...& ;;..&&.. VVEENNTTAA**AASS... && ;;..''.. DDEESSVVEENNTTAA**AASS... && <.

<. RROCOCEESO CSO CONONSSTRTRUCUCTITIVVOO... '('( (.

(. EESSEECICIFFICICAACICIONONEES:S:... ')') =.

=. TTIIOOS DS DE CE COONNEE>>II??NN::... '%'% &#

&#.. MMEECCANANIISSMOMOS S DE DE SSEEGUGURIRIDDADAD::...'&'& &&&&.. DDIISSEE@@OO... '&'& CONCLUSIONES CONCLUSIONES... !!!! RECOMENDACIONES GENERALES RECOMENDACIONES GENERALES... !!!! ANE>OS: ANE>OS:...!#!#

(29)

INTRODUCCION

E* +,- ,/01,* 2 E* +,- ,/01,* 2 3- ,*+2 0342. D3 3- ,*+2 0342. D3 536527 3* +,- ,/01,* 5, -892 536527 3* +,- ,/01,* 5, -892 3;0*-,92 , *, -0;31<683 /3113-/133;0*-,92 , *, -0;31<683 /3113-/13 93-93 5,63 =8**23- 93 ,>2-. S8 3=?,1+27 *2-93-93 5,63 =8**23- 93 ,>2-. S8 3=?,1+27 *2- =@/292-=@/292-;,1, 2?/331*27 **34,1*2 5,-/, *, -0;31<6837;,1, 2?/331*27 **34,1*2 5,-/, *, -0;31<6837  ;231*2 , 98-;2-868B ;,1, -0 0-27 -2 13*,4,=3/3 13683/3-.  ;231*2 , 98-;2-868B ;,1, -0 0-27 -2 13*,4,=3/3 13683/3-. E -0- E -0- 88682-7 3* +,- ,/01,* 03 88682-7 3* +,- ,/01,* 03 0*8,92 36*0-0*8,92 36*0-84,=3/3 62=2 0, 03/3 9384,=3/3 62=2 0, 03/3 93 8*0=8,68B8*0=8,68B7 ;03- -87 ;03- -8 0, 81,3-/106/01, 93 /0?31,- 31, =0 9868* /1,-;21/,1 3* +,- ;21 *,1+2- /1,36/2- 2 86*0-843 0, 81,3-/106/01, 93 /0?31,- 31, =0 9868* /1,-;21/,1 3* +,- ;21 *,1+2- /1,36/2- 2 86*0-843 5,-/, 93/12 93 *2- 52+,13- ;,1, -31 0*8,92 62=2 03/3 93 6,*3,668B 2 62=2 03/3 93 5,-/, 93/12 93 *2- 52+,13- ;,1, -31 0*8,92 62=2 03/3 93 6,*3,668B 2 62=2 03/3 93 62668B 93 62668B 93 ,*8=3/2-,*8=3/2-.. N2 03 -82 5,-/, '%&' 03 03 62-/1089, *, ;18=31, 139 93 /0?31,- ;,1, 3* N2 03 -82 5,-/, '%&' 03 03 62-/1089, *, ;18=31, 139 93 /0?31,- ;,1, 3* /1,-;21/3/1,-;21/3 93 +,-7 *, 93 +,-7 *, 60,* **34,?, 3* +,- 93-93 0

60,* **34,?, 3* +,- 93-93 0 ,68=83,68=83/2 3 I98,, C3/1,* 5,-/, *, 6809,9 /2 3 I98,, C3/1,* 5,-/, *, 6809,9 93 C586,+2. U, 43 0393 C586,+2. U, 43 03 3* /1,-;21/3 93 +,- 03 ;2-8?*37 0312 93-60?831/2 0342- 0-2- ;,1, 3* +,- ,/01,*. 3* /1,-;21/3 93 +,- 03 ;2-8?*37 0312 93-60?831/2 0342- 0-2- ;,1, 3* +,- ,/01,*. A6/0,*=3/3 3 03-/1, 6809,9 C586*,2 -3 4833 3360/,92 2?1,- 93 8-/,*,68B 93 1393- 93 A6/0,*=3/3 3 03-/1, 6809,9 C586*,2 -3 4833 3360/,92 2?1,- 93 8-/,*,68B 93 1393- 93 G,-N,/01,*7 , *, ;,1 93* P1236/2 C586*,2 L8=;82 083 62 3* 0682,=83/2 93* 13**32 -,8/,182 N,/01,*7 , *, ;,1 93* P1236/2 C586*,2 L8=;82 083 62 3* 0682,=83/2 93* 13**32 -,8/,182 33 62=2 ;1236/2 *, ;1290668B 93 82+,- ;,1, -0 98-/18?068B 3 03-/1, 6809,9. 33 62=2 ;1236/2 *, ;1290668B 93 82+,- ;,1, -0 98-/18?068B 3 03-/1, 6809,9. E8-/3 =065,- 6809,93- 3 3* =092 03 3-/ ;1248-/,- 93 1393- 68/,98,- ;,1, -,-,631 E8-/3 =065,- 6809,93- 3 3* =092 03 3-/ ;1248-/,- 93 1393- 68/,98,- ;,1, -,-,631 *, *, 93=,9,93=,9,93 *2- 0-0,182-. Y7 93 8+0,* =,31,7 5, /0?31,- 03 ;,1/3 93 *, S8?318,  **34, 3* +,-93 *2- 0-0,182-. Y7 93 8+0,* =,31,7 5, /0?31,- 03 ;,1/3 93 *, S8?318,  **34, 3* +,-5,-/,

5,-/, E012;,E012;,77 2 93-93 A1+3,7 ;,1, -,-,631 *, 93=,9, 93 C58*3 2 93* 2 93-93 A1+3,7 ;,1, -,-,631 *, 93=,9, 93 C58*3 2 93* 1,-8*1,-8*.. L, L, ;1;13-33-3//3 3 =2=22+12+1,, ,, 3- 3- 8=;8=;21/21/,,/3 /3 , , 03 03 8843-43-+, +, *2- *2- ,-;,-;36/36/2- 2- 8=;8=;21/21/,/,/3- 3- 93 93 *, *, 131399 92=@-6, 93 98-/18?068B 93 +,- ,/01,*7 9,92 , 3/3931 03 3* +,- ;31=8/3 , *2- 92=@-6, 93 98-/18?068B 93 +,- ,/01,*7 9,92 , 3/3931 03 3* +,- ;31=8/3 , *2- 0-0,182-62/,1 62 0, 03/3 93 331+, 362B=86,7 -3+01,  62<,?*3. 62/,1 62 0, 03/3 93 331+, 362B=86,7 -3+01,  62<,?*3.

(30)

II.. OOBB**EETTIIVVOO..

II..&&.. OOBB**EETTIIVVO O GGEENNEERRAALL..

A,*8,1 /292- *2- ,-;36/2- ;,1,

A,*8,1 /292- *2- ,-;36/2- ;,1, 3*,?21,1 0 ;1236/2 93 62-/10668B 62 -8-/3=, 933*,?21,1 0 ;1236/2 93 62-/10668B 62 -8-/3=, 93 1393- 92=3-6,- 93 98-/18?068B 93 +,- ,/01,*.

1393- 92=3-6,- 93 98-/18?068B 93 +,- ,/01,*. II..''.. OOBB**EETTIIVVOOS S EESSEECCIIFFIICCOOSS..

  C22631 -2?13 *2- 618/3182- 93 98-3>2 93 *,- 8-/,*,6823- 93 +,-.C22631 -2?13 *2- 618/3182- 93 98-3>2 93 *,- 8-/,*,6823- 93 +,-.   D3/31=8,1 *,- 43/,,-  93-43/,,- 93 3-/3 -8-/3=,.D3/31=8,1 *,- 43/,,-  93-43/,,- 93 3-/3 -8-/3=,.   D3=D3=2-2-/1/1,1 ,1 *, *, 2121=, =, 03 03 ,1?,1?8/18/1, , *, *, 62162113136/, 6/, 1313,*8,*8,6,68B 8B 93 93 0 0 ;12;12336/2 6/2 9393 8-/,*,682 8-/,*,6823- 93 3- 93 G,-.G,-.   C22631 *2- 308;2-7 =,/318,*3- 3 8=;*3=3/2- 03 -3 0-, 3 0, 6238BC22631 *2- 308;2-7 =,/318,*3- 3 8=;*3=3/2- 03 -3 0-, 3 0, 6238B 92=868*8,18, 93 +,-. 92=868*8,18, 93 +,-.   V31 3* 93-,112**2 93 *,- 1393- ;12;03-/,- , /1,4@- 93 33=;*2- 93 98-3>2.V31 3* 93-,112**2 93 *,- 1393- ;12;03-/,- , /1,4@- 93 33=;*2- 93 98-3>2. R3,*8,1 *, 34,*0,68B -2?13 *2- 618/3182-  1362=39,6823- 93 98-3>2 93 R3,*8,1 *, 34,*0,68B -2?13 *2- 618/3182-  1362=39,6823- 93 98-3>2 93 1393-93 98-/18?068B 1393-93 +,-. 93 98-/18?068B 93 +,-.

II.

(31)

&&.. CCONONCCEETTOO.. E* +,- ,/01,* 3- 0, =36*, 93 E* +,- ,/01,* 3- 0, =36*, 93 +,-3- +,-3- 62=;03-/, ;1868;,*=3/3 ;21 =3/,2. S3 /1,/, 93 0 62=;03-/, ;1868;,*=3/3 ;21 =3/,2. S3 /1,/, 93 0 +,- 62=?0-?*3 03 ;124833 93 21=,6823- +32*B+86,-7 ;21 *2 +,- 62=?0-?*3 03 ;124833 93 21=,6823- +32*B+86,-7 ;21 *2 03 62-/03 0, 03/3 9303 62-/03 0, 03/3 93 331+, 2 1324,?*3. 331+, 2 1324,?*3. A93=- 93 -0 ;13-368, 3 A93=- 93 -0 ;13-368, 3 ,68=83/2-,68=83/2- B-8*3-7 3* +,- ,/01,* ;0393 2?/331-3 , ;,11 93 B-8*3-7 3* +,- ,/01,* ;0393 2?/331-3 , ;,11 93 *, *, 93-93-62=62=;2-;2-86868B 8B 93 93 *2- *2- 1313-/-/2- 2- 21+21+886262-. -. E-E-/3 /3 ;1;1263263-2 -2 3- 3- ;1;12=22=24894892 2 3 3 ;*,;*,//,- ,- 9393 /1,/,=83 /1,/,=83/2 3-;368,*8,9,- 03 ;129063 3* 932=8,92 /2 3-;368,*8,9,- 03 ;129063 3* 932=8,92 ?82+-.?82+-. C0,92 *,- 13-314,- 93 +,- -3 3603/1, 3 *0+,13- ,;,1/,92- 9293 2 13-0*/, 13/,?*3 *, C0,92 *,- 13-314,- 93 +,- -3 3603/1, 3 *0+,13- ,;,1/,92- 9293 2 13-0*/, 13/,?*3 *, 62-/10668 62-/10668B 93 +,-2906/2- ;,1, **34,1 3* B 93 +,-2906/2- ;,1, **34,1 3* +,- , *2- +,- , *2- 52+,13- 352+,13- 3 890-/18,-7890-/18,-7 3- ;2-8?*3 ;1263-,1 3* 3- ;2-8?*3 ;1263-,1 3* +,- ,/01,* ;,1, 624311*2 3 +,- ,/01,* *860,92 GNL. A-7 3 21=, *089,7 -3 ,68*8/, -0 +,- ,/01,* ;,1, 624311*2 3 +,- ,/01,* *860,92 GNL. A-7 3 21=, *089,7 -3 ,68*8/, -0 /1,-;21/3. E* GNL -03*3 /1,-*,9,1-3 , '$'C7 , 03 /1,-;21/3. E* GNL -03*3 /1,-*,9,1-3 , '$'C7 , 03 *, *8603,66*, *8603,668B ;0393 1390681 3* 42*0=38B ;0393 1390681 3* 42*0=3 93 +,- 5,-/, 3 $(( 4363-. 93 +,- 5,-/, 3 $(( 4363-. E* ,/01,* ,*=,63,92 , ,*/,- ;13-823- 3/13 )((  )#( ?,17 -3 /1,-21=, 3 E* ,/01,* ,*=,63,92 , ,*/,- ;13-823- 3/13 )((  )#( ?,17 -3 /1,-21=, 3 +,-,/ ,/0101,* ,* 6262=;1=;18=88=892 92 GNGNC7 C7 0 0 6262=?0=?0-?-?*3 *3 03 03 -3 -3 0*0*88, , 3 3 434356560*20*2- - , , 03 03 1313-0*-0*/,/, 362B=862 3 62=;,1,68B , *, +,-2*8,. 362B=862 3 62=;,1,68B , *, +,-2*8,. O/12 0-2 93* +,- ,/01,* ,;,1363 62 *, ;1290668B 93 5891B+327 03 /,=?8@ -0;23 0 O/12 0-2 93* +,- ,/01,* ,;,1363 62 *, ;1290668B 93 5891B+327 03 /,=?8@ -0;23 0 62=?0-?*3 ,*/31,42 ;,1, *2- 43560*2-. E 3-/2- 6,-2-7 3* 5891B+32 ;0393 0*8,1-3 , 62=?0-?*3 ,*/31,42 ;,1, *2- 43560*2-. E 3-/2- 6,-2-7 3* 5891B+32 ;0393 0*8,1-3 , /1,4@- 93 *, 62=?0-B 62 0 =2/21 93 3;*2-8B 2 =398,/3 0, ;8*, 93 62=?0-?*3 3* /1,4@- 93 *, 62=?0-B 62 0 =2/21 93 3;*2-8B 2 =398,/3 0, ;8*, 93 62=?0-?*3 3* 5891B+32 -3 624831/3 3 3*36/18689,9  5891B+32 -3 624831/3 3 3*36/18689,9  ,*8=3/, 0 =2/21 ,*8=3/, 0 =2/21 3*@6/1862.3*@6/1862. E* 0-2 93 +,- ,/01,*7 62=2 3* 03 62**34, *, 0*8,68B 93 /29, /,68, /B86,7 33 E* 0-2 93 +,- ,/01,*7 62=2 3* 03 62**34, *, 0*8,68B 93 /29, /,68, /B86,7 33 -0-183-+2- 3- 0 ;3*8+12 037 , 9831368, 93 2/12-7 2 -3 43  ,;3,- ;0393 ;3168?81-3 , 183-+2- 3- 0 ;3*8+12 037 , 9831368, 93 2/12-7 2 -3 43  ,;3,- ;0393 ;3168?81-3 , /1,4@-93 *2- -392-7 ;21 /,/2 3- -0=,=3/3 8=;21/,/3 03 -3 /3+, 6831/,- ;136,06823- ;,1, 93 *2- -392-7 ;21 /,/2 3- -0=,=3/3 8=;21/,/3 03 -3 /3+, 6831/,- ;136,06823- ;,1, 348/,1 6,/-/123- 037 ;291, /1,31 62=2 62-360368, *, =031/3. 348/,1 6,/-/123- 037 ;291, /1,31 62=2 62-360368, *, =031/3. C5o 0 06c0634+ 0l /+ 6+34+l C5o 0 06c0634+ 0l /+ 6+34+l E* +,- ,/01,* -3 3603/1, ,* 8+0,* 03 3* ;3/1B*32 3 ,68=83/2- 3 3* -0?-03*2. P0393 -31 E* +,- ,/01,* -3 3603/1, ,* 8+0,* 03 3* ;3/1B*32 3 ,68=83/2- 3 3* -0?-03*2. P0393 -31 ,-268,92 +,- =36*,92 62 61092 2 *8?13. L,- ;12;839,93- 93* +,- /,*3- 62=2: 62=;2-868B7 ,-268,92 +,- =36*,92 62 61092 2 *8?13. L,- ;12;839,93- 93* +,- /,*3- 62=2: 62=;2-868B7 +1,439,9 3-;36<6,7 ;3-2 =2*360*,1 ;12=3982  ;2931 6,*21<62 4,1, 93 0 ,68=83/2 , +1,439,9 3-;36<6,7 ;3-2 =2*360*,1 ;12=3982  ;2931 6,*21<62 4,1, 93 0 ,68=83/2 , 2/12. 2/12. '.

'. IMIMOORRTTANANCCIAIA

E* +,- ,/01,* 3- 48-/2 3 *, ,6/0,*89,9 62=2 0, 93 *,- ;1868;,*3-  =- 13*34,/3- E* +,- ,/01,* 3- 48-/2 3 *, ,6/0,*89,9 62=2 0, 93 *,- ;1868;,*3-  =- 13*34,/3- 03/3-93 331+,7 0*8,9,- ;21 /292 3* 93 331+,7 0*8,9,- ;21 /292 3* ;*,3/, /,/2 ;,1, 0-2 92=@-62 62=2 ;,1, 0-2 890-/18,* 2;*,3/, /,/2 ;,1, 0-2 92=@-62 62=2 ;,1, 0-2 890-/18,* 2 62=3168,*. 62=3168,*. S3 62-8931, 037 3 62=;,1,68B 62 2/1,- S3 62-8931, 037 3 62=;,1,68B 62 2/1,- 03/3- 93 331+, 62=2 3* 03/3- 93 331+, 62=2 3* ;3/1B*32 2 3* 6,1?B7;3/1B*32 2 3* 6,1?B7 3* +,- 3- 0 ;2 93 331+, =0652 =32- 9,>8, ;,1, 3* =3982 ,=?83/3 , 03 2 +331, 3* +,- 3- 0 ;2 93 331+, =0652 =32- 9,>8, ;,1, 3* =3982 ,=?83/3 , 03 2 +331, 6,9,93- 93 98B892 93 6,1?22 -3=3,/3- , *,- 03 ;129063 *2- 92- ;2- 93 331+, 6,9,93- 93 98B892 93 6,1?22 -3=3,/3- , *,- 03 ;129063 *2- 92- ;2- 93 331+, =3682,92-. A93=-7 3* +,- 3- /,=?8@ 0 13601-2 =0652 =- ,663-8?*3 3 =3682,92-. A93=-7 3* +,- 3- /,=?8@ 0 13601-2 =0652 =- ,663-8?*3 3

(32)

/@1=82-362B=862- 037 ;21 33=;*27 3* ;3/1B*32  3-/2 5,63 03 -0 62-0=2 ;039, -31 890-/18,* 362B=862- 037 ;21 33=;*27 3* ;3/1B*32  3-/2 5,63 03 -0 62-0=2 ;039, -31 890-/18,* -36/213- 03 +331, 3* =,21 0-2 93 +,- ;312 /,=?8@ 92=@-62.

-36/213- 03 +331, 3* =,21 0-2 93 +,- ;312 /,=?8@ 92=@-62.

$$.. TTIIOOS S DDE E GGAASS $.&.

$.&. G+ ci+ o /+ 0 1ll+:G+ ci+ o /+ 0 1ll+:

S3 2?33 ;1868;,*=3/3 , ;,11 93 *, 9*,68B 93 *, 50**,. S0 ;2931 6,*21<62 S3 2?33 ;1868;,*=3/3 , ;,11 93 *, 9*,68B 93 *, 50**,. S0 ;2931 6,*21<62 3-93 0,- "((( 6,*=!. E- =0 /B862 3 8,=,?*37 ;21 *2 03 5, -892 -0-/0892 62=2 93 0,- "((( 6,*=!. E- =0 /B862 3 8,=,?*37 ;21 *2 03 5, -892 -0-/0892 62=2 62=?0-?*3 92=@-62 ;21 3* +,- ,/01,*. 62=?0-?*3 92=@-62 ;21 3* +,- ,/01,*. $.'.

$.'. G+0 lic+o 0l 20345l0o o G+0 lic+o 0l 20345l0o o /+0 GL:/+0 GL:

S2 3* ?0/,2  3* ;12;,2. S3 2?33 3 *,- 13<31,-  ;2-33 0 ;2931 6,*21<62 S2 3* ?0/,2  3* ;12;,2. S3 2?33 3 *,- 13<31,-  ;2-33 0 ;2931 6,*21<62 03 129, *,- )#((( 6,*=!. S3 ,*=,63, 3 ?2=?2,- , +1,93- ;13-823- 3 03 129, *,- )#((( 6,*=!. S3 ,*=,63, 3 ?2=?2,- , +1,93- ;13-823- 3 3-/,92 *0892. 3-/,92 *0892. $.'.&.

$.'.&. 4o2+6o:4o2+6o:

E* ;12;,2 3- 0 ;2 93 +,- 03 -3 3/1,3 901,/3 3* ;1263-2 93 13<,68B 93* E* ;12;,2 3- 0 ;2 93 +,- 03 -3 3/1,3 901,/3 3* ;1263-2 93 13<,68B 93* ;3/1B*32 61092  3* ;1263-2 93* +,- ,/01,*7 03 6233 6316, 93* #  93 ;3/1B*32 61092  3* ;1263-2 93* +,- ,/01,*7 03 6233 6316, 93* #  93 ;12;,2. ;12;,2. E-/3 ;2 93 +,-7 3 E-/3 ;2 93 +,-7 3 9293 6,9, =2*@60*, 93 ;12;,2 C!H% 6233 /13- /2=2-9293 6,9, =2*@60*, 93 ;12;,2 C!H% 6233 /13- /2=2-93 6,1?22  2652 /2=2-93 5891B+327 -3 ;03/2=2-93 ,*=,63,1 3 -0 21=, *089, 3 93 6,1?22  2652 93 5891B+327 -3 ;0393 ,*=,63,1 3 -0 21=, *089, 3 ;30 ;303>2- /,033>2- /,03- - 98-98-/2/2- - 6262=2 =2 2601260113 13 62 *,- 62 *,- ;,118;,118**,- 93 **,- 93 6,=;6,=;8+ ;31278+ ;3127 +331,*=3/37 0682, 62=2 03/3 ;1868;,* 93 331+, 3 6,-,- 101,*3- 03 2 +331,*=3/37 0682, 62=2 03/3 ;1868;,* 93 331+, 3 6,-,- 101,*3- 03 2 33 ,663-2 ,* +,- ,/01,*. 33 ,663-2 ,* +,- ,/01,*. $.'.'. $.'.'. B3+6o:B3+6o: E* +,- ?0/,2 ;21 -0 ;,1/3 62113-;293 , ,03* 62=?0-?*3 03 ;2-33 60,/12 E* +,- ?0/,2 ;21 -0 ;,1/3 62113-;293 , ,03* 62=?0-?*3 03 ;2-33 60,/12 /2=2- 93 6,1?22  '( 93 5891B+32 C"H'(. /2=2- 93 6,1?22  '( 93 5891B+32 C"H'(. E* ?0/,2 3- 0 +,- E* ?0/,2 3- 0 +,- ,*/,=3/3 8,=,?,*/,=3/3 8,=,?*3 ;312 037 ,* 8+0,* *3 ;312 037 ,* 8+0,* 03 3* +,- ,/01,*7 203 3* +,- ,/01,*7 2 ;2-33 8 2*21 ;2-33 8 2*21 8 62*218 62*21. G331,*=3/37 3-/3 ;2 93 +,- . G331,*=3/37 3-/3 ;2 93 +,- -3 0*8, 62=2 -3 0*8, 62=2 62=?0-?*362=?0-?*3 ;,1, 363939213- 2 3-/0,- ;21/*3- 92=@-6,-. ;,1, 363939213- 2 3-/0,- ;21/*3- 92=@-6,-. $.$. $.$. G+ 0 c+4756:G+ 0 c+4756: S3 S3 2?2?33 33 ;21 ;21 *, *, 6262=?0=?0-B-B  8862=62=;*3;*3/, /, 93* 93* 6,6,1?B1?B  93 93 626203. 03. T83T833 3 0 0 ;29;293131 6,*21<62 =0 ?,27 ,;128=,9,=3/3 '#((6,*=! +,- ;2?13. 6,*21<62 =0 ?,27 ,;128=,9,=3/3 '#((6,*=! +,- ;2?13. $.8. $.8. Ac09l06oAc09l06o:: S3 S3 2?2?33 , 33 , ;,1;,11 1 93* 3193* 318,=8,=8383//2 2 11;89;892 2 93 93 0, **,=, 93 0, **,=, 93 +,+,- - ,,/01/01,* ,* 2 2 9393 1,66823- 42**3 1,66823- 42**3- 93* - 93* ;3/1B*32 62 ,638/3- 93 3*34,92 ;0/2 93 ;3/1B*32 62 ,638/3- 93 3*34,92 ;0/2 93 3?0**868B. E- 0 +,-3?0**868B. E- 0 +,-3;*2-842 -8 -0 62/3892 3 ,813 3-/ 62=;139892 3/13 3* )  3* %). T,=?8@ 3;*2-842 -8 -0 62/3892 3 ,813 3-/ 62=;139892 3/13 3* )  3* %). T,=?8@ 3;*2/, -8 -3 62=;18=3 -2*27 -8 98-2*431 3 2/1, -0-/,68,7 ;21 *2 03 ;,1, ,*=,63,1 3;*2/, -8 -3 62=;18=3 -2*27 -8 98-2*431 3 2/1, -0-/,68,7 ;21 *2 03 ;,1, ,*=,63,1 -3 98-03*43 3 ,63/2,. S3 0-, ?-86,=3/3 3 *, -2*9,901, 28,63*@86,. -3 98-03*43 3 ,63/2,. S3 0-, ?-86,=3/3 3 *, -2*9,901, 28,63*@86,.

(33)

(34)

8.

8. CLCLASASIFIFICICAACICIONON

  G+ co24iioG+ co24iio:: G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 60, /3=;31,/01, 616, 3- =321 2 8+0,* ,  '( G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 60, /3=;31,/01, 616, 3- =321 2 8+0,* ,  '( C. C.   G+ lic+oG+ lic+o:: G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 60, /3=;31,/01, 616, 3- =,21 2 8+0,* ,  '( C. G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 60, /3=;31,/01, 616, 3- =,21 2 8+0,* ,  '( C.   G+ i6++7l0:G+ i6++7l0: G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 602 *=8/3 93 8,=,?8*89,9 831821 3- =321 2 G,- 2 =36*, 93 +,-3- 602 *=8/3 93 8,=,?8*89,9 831821 3- =321 2 8+0,* ,* '!7 2 8+0,* ,* '!7 2 03 /3+, 0 6,=;2 93 8,=,?8*89,9 =,03 /3+, 0 6,=;2 93 8,=,?8*89,9 =,21 93 ').21 93 '). 

 G+ 35ico:G+ 35ico: A03* 602 *=8/3 93 =8=, 6263/1,68B /2*31,?*3 901,/3 % 521,-9,  A03* 602 *=8/3 93 =8=, 6263/1,68B /2*31,?*3 901,/3 % 521,-9,  "( 521,--3=,,7 T.L.V.7 3- 831821 , #( ;;=.

"( 521,--3=,,7 T.L.V.7 3- 831821 , #( ;;=.



 G+ G+ co44oioco44oio:: A03* 03 ;129063 0, 62112-8B 93 =- 93 $ ==,>27 3 0 ,6312 A!! A03* 03 ;129063 0, 62112-8B 93 =- 93 $ ==,>27 3 0 ,6312 A!! UNE !$(!7 , 0,

UNE !$(!7 , 0, /3=;31,/3=;31,/01, 93 ##C./01, 93 ##C.



 G+ oi+630:G+ oi+630: A03* 6,;, 93 -2;21/,1 *, 62=?0-B 62 0 28;2/368,* -0;31821 ,* 93* A03* 6,;, 93 -2;21/,1 *, 62=?0-B 62 0 28;2/368,* -0;31821 ,* 93* ,813.

,813.



 G+ c4io/6ico:G+ c4io/6ico: A03* 60, /3=;31,/01, 93 3?0**868B , *, ;13-8B ,/=2-@186,7 3- 831821 A03* 60, /3=;31,/01, 93 3?0**868B , *, ;13-8B ,/=2-@186,7 3- 831821 , "(C. , "(C.   Bio/H: CBio/H: C2=;2-868B 0=86, 93* ?82+- 93;393 ;18=2198,*=3/3 93 92- ,6/213-: *2-2=;2-868B 0=86, 93* ?82+- 93;393 ;18=2198,*=3/3 93 92- ,6/213-: *2-=,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- 3 *, 98+3-B  *, /362*2+, 0*8,9, ;,1, 3* ;1263-2. T38392 =,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- 3 *, 98+3-B  *, /362*2+, 0*8,9, ;,1, 3* ;1263-2. T38392 3-2 3 603/,7 3* ?82+- ;0393 62/331 3/13 ##  ( 93 =3/,27 !(  "# 93 98B892 3-2 3 603/,7 3* ?82+- ;0393 62/331 3/13 ##  ( 93 =3/,27 !(  "# 93 98B892 93 6,1?22   # /1,,- 93 2/12- +,-3- 62-8931,9,- 8=;013,-. 93 6,1?22   # /1,,- 93 2/12- +,-3- 62-8931,9,- 8=;013,-. .

. COCONSNSE*E*OS OS DE DE SESEGUGURIRIDADADD 

 No 3+20 l+ 40ill+ 0 069l+ci56:No 3+20 l+ 40ill+ 0 069l+ci56: D293 06823 0 ,;,1,/2 62 +,- 5, 93 38-1 D293 06823 0 ,;,1,/2 62 +,- 5, 93 38-1 43 43*,6*,68B 8B -0<-0<683683//3 3 ;,1;,1, , ;31;31=8=81 1 0, 0, 62621131136/, 6/, 6262=?0=?0-B-B. . M,M,/@/@  *, *, 13138**8**, , 9393 43*,68B 3 62986823-. E 8+ 6,-2 *2- 62906/213- 93 43*,68B 93?3 93 3-/,1 43*,68B 3 62986823-. E 8+ 6,-2 *2- 62906/213- 93 43*,68B 93?3 93 3-/,1 2?-/10892-. 2?-/10892-. 

 C+2+6+ J c+l04+ 2o4 02+4+o:C+2+6+ J c+l04+ 2o4 02+4+o: L, 6,*931,  *, 6,=;,, 3/1,6/21, 2 93?3 ;2931 L, 6,*931,  *, 6,=;,, 3/1,6/21, 2 93?3 ;2931 0682,1 -8=0*/3,=3/3. P,1, 348/,1*2 -3 8-/,*, 0 98-;2-842 **,=,92 62=0/,921.

0682,1 -8=0*/3,=3/3. P,1, 348/,1*2 -3 8-/,*, 0 98-;2-842 **,=,92 62=0/,921.



 V04iKc+ lo 0+o40 0 l+ coci6+:V04iKc+ lo 0+o40 0 l+ coci6+:A93=- 93 ,0*,9,7 *, **,=, 93?3 =,/331-3 -8A93=- 93 ,0*,9,7 *, **,=, 93?3 =,/331-3 -8 ,;,+,1-3 60,92 ;23=2- 3* 03+2 ,* =8=2. ,;,+,1-3 60,92 ;23=2- 3* 03+2 ,* =8=2.   L+ ll++ 070 04 +l++:L+ ll++ 070 04 +l++: L, **,=, 93?3 93 -31 3-/,?*37 -8*3682-, 93 0 ,0* 8/3-2 3 L, **,=, 93?3 93 -31 3-/,?*37 -8*3682-, 93 0 ,0* 8/3-2 3 3* 6*32  =- 6*,1, 3 3* 3/31821. S8 -3 403*43 ,=,18**, 93?31- ,48-,1 ,* -3148682 3* 6*32  =- 6*,1, 3 3* 3/31821. S8 -3 403*43 ,=,18**, 93?31- ,48-,1 ,* -3148682 /@6862. /@6862.

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

 Ci044+ 3o+ l+ ll+0 0 /+:Ci044+ 3o+ l+ ll+0 0 /+: S8 4,- , ,0-3/,1/3 ;21 0, /3=;21,9, 68311, /29,- *,-S8 4,- , ,0-3/,1/3 ;21 0, /3=;21,9, 68311, /29,- *,-**,43- 93 +,-7 09,=3/,*=3/3 *, **,43 93 ;,-2 93* +,- **,43 93 43/,,.

**,43- 93 +,-7 09,=3/,*=3/3 *, **,43 93 ;,-2 93* +,- **,43 93 43/,,.

;.

;. VENVENTTA*AA*AS S Y DY DESESVENVENTTA*AA*ASS ;;..&&.. VVEENNTTAA**AASS

,1,/27 A 9831368, 93 2/12- 62=?0-?*3- B-8*3-7 33 ;13682- =- ,1,/27 A 9831368, 93 2/12- 62=?0-?*3- B-8*3-7 33 ;13682- =- ,-308?*3-;,1, 3* ;?*862 3 +331,*7 ;21 *2 03 3- 0 -0-/0/2 893,* ,-308?*3-;,1, =065,- ,=8*8,-. ;,1, 3* ;?*862 3 +331,*7 ;21 *2 03 3- 0 -0-/0/2 893,* ;,1, =065,- ,=8*8,-. A93=-7 60,92 -3 0-, 3 ,;,1,/2- 62=2 133=;*,2 93 *, 3*36/18689,9 /,=?8@ A93=-7 60,92 -3 0-, 3 ,;,1,/2- 62=2 133=;*,2 93 *, 3*36/18689,9 /,=?8@ ;13-3/, 0 ,52112 362B=862 03 *2 ;23 ;21 93*,/3 93 =065,- 2;6823-. ;13-3/, 0 ,52112 362B=862 03 *2 ;23 ;21 93*,/3 93 =065,- 2;6823-. 

 E-/,?*3 E-/2 08313 93681 03 ;12;21682, 331+, 620,=3/3 -8 /331 03E-/,?*3 E-/2 08313 93681 03 ;12;21682, 331+, 620,=3/3 -8 /331 03 ;1 ;13263260;,0;,1-1-3 3 ;2;21 1 2/12/12 2 ;2 ;2 93 93 ,,6/6/21213-7 3-7 6262=2 =2 -06-06393 393 6262  *,- *,- 2;62;682823- 3- 0033 93;393 =0652 93* 6*8=,. P21 3-/2 3- /, ;2;0*,17 , 03 3 3 *0+,13- 9293 93;393 =0652 93* 6*8=,. P21 3-/2 3- /, ;2;0*,17 , 03 3 3 *0+,13- 9293 5,+, =0652 18B 2 3 *, /3=;21,9, 93 848312 -3 ;0393 -3+081 0-,92 -8 5,+, =0652 18B 2 3 *, /3=;21,9, 93 848312 -3 ;0393 -3+081 0-,92 -8 ;12?*3=,-. ;12?*3=,-.   F68* /1,-;21/,F68* /1,-;21/,68B P,1, 03 **3+03 , 68B P,1, 03 **3+03 , =0652- *,92- 3- =0652- *,92- 3- 363-,182 /1,-;21/,1*2 363-,182 /1,-;21/,1*2  3-/2 -3 5,63 93 21=, 3-/2 -3 5,63 93 21=, =0 3<683/3 /,/2 3 311, 62=2 3 =0 3<683/3 /,/2 3 311, 62=2 3 =,1=,1. E . E *, -0;31<683*, -0;31<683 -3 62-/103 906/2- 03 4, 93-93 3* *0+,1 9293 -3 3/1,3 5,-/, *2- -3 62-/103 906/2- 03 4, 93-93 3* *0+,1 9293 -3 3/1,3 5,-/, *2- 52+,13-03 *2 4, , 0*8,17 ;21 *2 52+,13-03 -83=;13 3-/ 98-;28?*37 =83/1,- 52+,13-03 3 3* =,1 03 *2 4, , 0*8,17 ;21 *2 03 -83=;13 3-/ 98-;28?*37 =83/1,- 03 3 3* =,1 -3 **34, 3 21=, *089,7 *2 03 139063 *2- 62-/2- ;,1, **34,1*2 93 0 *0+,1 , 2/12. -3 **34, 3 21=, *089,7 *2 03 139063 *2- 62-/2- ;,1, **34,1*2 93 0 *0+,1 , 2/12.   M32- 62/,=8,M32- 62/,=8,/37 C2=2 3- /37 C2=2 3- 0 3*3=3/2 03 -3 3603/1, 3 21=, 0 3*3=3/2 03 -3 3603/1, 3 21=, +,-32-,7+,-32-,7 2 62/,=8, 3* -03*2 2 3* ,+0, 62=2 *2 5,63 2/1,- ,*/31,4,- 62 2 62/,=8, 3* -03*2 2 3* ,+0, 62=2 *2 5,63 2/1,- ,*/31,4,- 62 -0-93-3652- 2 ;12906/2- 93184,92-. C2=;,1,92 62 3* 6,1?B 2 62 *, +,-2*8,7 93-3652- 2 ;12906/2- 93184,92-. C2=;,1,92 62 3* 6,1?B 2 62 *, +,-2*8,7 *,-3=8-823- 93* +,- ,/01,* -2 =0652 =3213-. 3=8-823- 93* +,- ,/01,* -2 =0652 =3213-.

;;..''.. DDEESSVVEENNTTAA**AASS

N2 1324,?*3 L,- 13-314,- 03 -3 33 3 *, 311, 33 0 *=8/3  ,003 N2 1324,?*3 L,- 13-314,- 03 -3 33 3 *, 311, 33 0 *=8/3  ,003 -3 3-=, 03 ;0393 901,1 =0652- ,>2- =-7 2 6,=?8, 3* 53652 93 03 3 -3 3-=, 03 ;0393 901,1 =0652- ,>2- =-7 2 6,=?8, 3* 53652 93 03 3 ,*+ =2=3/2 -3 4, , /31=8,1. E-/2 5,63 03 -3 62-89313 -8 4,*3 *, ;3, ,*+ =2=3/2 -3 4, , /31=8,1. E-/2 5,63 03 -3 62-89313 -8 4,*3 *, ;3, 84311 3 3* +,- ,/01,*7 60,92 -3 33 ,*/31,4,- 03 4, , 901,1 ;21 84311 3 3* +,- ,/01,*7 60,92 -3 33 ,*/31,4,- 03 4, , 901,1 ;21 -83=;13 62=2 *, 331+, -2*,1 2 *, 3B*86,. -83=;13 62=2 *, 331+, -2*,1 2 *, 3B*86,.   VV2*2** * L,L,=3=3//,?,?*3*3=3=3//3 3 -0 -0 4242*,*,**8989,9 ,9 131300838313 13 003 3 -3 -3 /3/3++, , =0=06565,, ;136,068B ,* =,3,1*27 ;2103 62 =0 ;26, 331+, -3 ;0393 +331,1 0, ;136,068B ,* =,3,1*27 ;2103 62 =0 ;26, 331+, -3 ;0393 +331,1 0, +1 +1, , 33;*;*2-2-8B8B. . E-E-/2 /2 /,/,=?=?8@8@  *8*8=8=8/, /, -0 -0 0-0-27 27 , , 003 3 2 2 3- 3- 00*8*8,,92 92 33 ,0/2=B48*3- ;21 *, 6,9,9 93 ,66893/3- 03 ;291, -063931. ,0/2=B48*3- ;21 *, 6,9,9 93 ,66893/3- 03 ;291, -063931.   E=8-823- 93 +,-3-: A ;3-,1 93 E=8-823- 93 +,-3-: A ;3-,1 93 03 -3 62-8931, 02 93 *2- 03 -3 62-8931, 02 93 *2- 62=?0-?*3- B-62=?0-?*3- B-8*3- 8*3-=- *8=;82-7 2 93, 93 -31 0 3*3=3/2 9,>82 03 803 3 3* =- *8=;82-7 2 93, 93 -31 0 3*3=3/2 9,>82 03 803 3 3* 336/2336/2 8431,9312 8431,9312.. L, *8?31,68B 93 98B892 93 6,1?22 /,=?8@ 3- 0 ;12?*3=, L, *8?31,68B 93 98B892 93 6,1?22 /,=?8@ 3- 0 ;12?*3=, ;2103 ,* **3+,1 , *, ,/=B-31, 3=;321, *, -8/0,68B 93* 6,*3/,=83/2 +*2?,*. ;2103 ,* **3+,1 , *, ,/=B-31, 3=;321, *, -8/0,68B 93* 6,*3/,=83/2 +*2?,*.   C2-/10668B 62-/106/21, P,1, *, 3/1,668B 93* +,- ,/01,*  *, 62-/10668BC2-/10668B 62-/106/21, P,1, *, 3/1,668B 93* +,- ,/01,*  *, 62-/10668B 93 *2- 906/2- 03 *2 4, , /1,-;21/,1 3- 363-,182 0-,1 0, +1, 6,9,9 93 93 *2- 906/2- 03 *2 4, , /1,-;21/,1 3- 363-,182 0-,1 0, +1, 6,9,9 93

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/31132  3 =0652- 6,-2- -3 93-/103 =065,- 13,- ,/01,*3-. S8 ?83 ;0393 /31132  3 =0652- 6,-2- -3 93-/103 =065,- 13,- ,/01,*3-. S8 ?83 ;0393 -31 =32- 62/,=8,/3 60,92 , 3-/ 3 0-27 60,92 ,;3,- -3 62263 *, -31 =32- 62/,=8,/3 60,92 , 3-/ 3 0-27 60,92 ,;3,- -3 62263 *, 0?86,68B 93 *,- 13-314,- 3=;83, 2/12 686*2 3+,42 ;,1, 3* ,=?83/3 ;2103 0?86,68B 93 *,- 13-314,- 3=;83, 2/12 686*2 3+,42 ;,1, 3* ,=?83/3 ;2103 *,- /@686,- 93 3/1,668B -8 62/,=8, 3* -03*2  3* ,+0,. *,- /@686,- 93 3/1,668B -8 62/,=8, 3* -03*2  3* ,+0,. <.

<. RROCOCESESO CO CONONSTSTRURUCTCTIVIVOO D3<8392 *, ;,*,?1 D3<8392 *, ;,*,?1, +,-7 ;21 986682,1827 @-/3 986, +,-7 ;21 986682,1827 @-/3 9863 03 3- 0 3 03 3- 0 “0892 -8 21=, 8 42*0=3“0892 -8 21=, 8 42*0=3 ;12;827 60,- =2*@60*,- 393 , -3;,1,1-3 0,- 93 2/1,-  ;13-3/, =,21 =248*89,9 03 ;12;827 60,- =2*@60*,- 393 , -3;,1,1-3 0,- 93 2/1,-  ;13-3/, =,21 =248*89,9 03 *, 93 *2- *0892-”. E- 0 62=?0-?*3 *8=;827 2 +331, 13-8902-7 8 /,=;262 *, 93 *2- *0892-”. E- 0 62=?0-?*3 *8=;827 2 +331, 13-8902-7 8 /,=;262 -0?;12906/2-;3*8 ;3*8+12-+12-2- 2- ;,1;,1, , 3* 3* ,=?8,=?83/3/3. 3. W-/W-/, , 331331+, +, **3+**3+, , , , *,- 484839*,- 484839,- ,- =398=398,/,/3 3 6,,6,,*8,*8,68B 268B 2 ?2=?2,-. ?2=?2,-. P2-/31821=3 P2-/31821=3/3 -3 ;,-,1 , 3;*86,1 ;,-2 , /3 -3 ;,-,1 , 3;*86,1 ;,-2 , ;,-2 *, 336068B 3 2?1, 93 ;,-2 *, 336068B 3 2?1, 93 *, 8-/,*,68B 93* +,-7*, 8-/,*,68B 93* +,-7 ;312 ,/3- 93,1 =0 6*,12 03 @-/, 8-/,*,68B 5, 93 81 62=;*3/,=3/3 48-/,7 3 8+ ;312 ,/3- 93,1 =0 6*,12 03 @-/, 8-/,*,68B 5, 93 81 62=;*3/,=3/3 48-/,7 3 8+ =2=3/2 ;0393 81 3=;2/1,9,7 , 03 -8 38-/3 0, 0+, 3* +,- -3 ,60=0*,  ;0393 ;12426,1 =2=3/2 ;0393 81 3=;2/1,9,7 , 03 -8 38-/3 0, 0+, 3* +,- -3 ,60=0*,  ;0393 ;12426,1 0, 3;*2-8B. T,=?8@ ,>,981 03 3-/, 8-/,*,68B 2 ;0393 3-/,1 ,* *,92 93 *, 93 *, 0, 3;*2-8B. T,=?8@ ,>,981 03 3-/, 8-/,*,68B 2 ;0393 3-/,1 ,* *,92 93 *, 93 *, 3*36/18689,9. 3*36/18689,9. '. '. A/3- 93 ;2A/3- 93 ;231-3 =,2- , *, 31-3 =,2- , *, 2?1,7 -3 33 02?1,7 -3 33 03 62-0*/,1 3* 3 62-0*/,1 3* ;*,2 ;,1, -,?3;*,2 ;,1, -,?31 ;21 9B931 ;21 9B93 68160*,1 3* +,-. 68160*,1 3* +,-. ). ). S3+ *2 8986,92 3 3* ;*,27 -3 13;*,S3+ *2 8986,92 3 3* ;*,27 -3 13;*,/3,1 62 3-;1,/3,1 62 3-;1, 93 ;8/01, 2 93 ;8/01, 2 ,0*3/37 3* 136211892 93 *2- /0?2- 93* +,- ;,1, ;2931 ;12-3+081 62 3* ,0*3/37 3* 136211892 93 *2- /0?2- 93* +,- ;,1, ;2931 ;12-3+081 62 3* ;1263-2. ;1263-2. !. !. C2C2=2 , 3-/=2 , 3-/,1,1  =,=,1616,9,92 3* 2 3* 686816160808/2/27 7 -3 ;29-3 ;2911  88-/-/,*,*,1 *,-,1 *,-,?1, ,?1,,93,931,- 1,- 8-28-2B86B86,-7 ,-7 03 03 3-/3-/  /39/391 1 0 0 /,=,/,=,>2 >2 93/93/31=831=8,92,92 93;398392 93* 98=3/12 93* /0?2 -2*868/,92 3 ;1236/2. 93;398392 93* 98=3/12 93* /0?2 -2*868/,92 3 ;1236/2. ". ". A93=- 93 A93=- 93 62*26,1 62*26,1 *,- ,?1,*,- ,?1,,931,-7 /,931,-7 /,=?8@ -3 ,=?8@ -3 5, 93 ;15, 93 ;13;,1,1 *2-3;,1,1 *2-;,-2- 93 =012-7 3- 936817 ,+0313,1 *2- =012- ;21 *2- 60,*3- 33 03 ;,-,1 3* /0?2 93 ;,-2- 93 =012-7 3- 936817 ,+0313,1 *2- =012- ;21 *2- 60,*3- 33 03 ;,-,1 3* /0?2 93 +,-13;*,/3,92  62*26,1 3 3* 8/31821 93* ,+0312 0 /0?2 93 PVC ;*-62 62 0 98=3/12 13;*,/3,92  62*26,1 3 3* 8/31821 93* ,+0312 0 /0?2 93 PVC ;*-62 62 0 98=3/12 -0;31821 ,* 93* /0?2 93* +,- 03 ;,-,1 ;21 3* -0;31821 ,* 93* /0?2 93* +,- 03 ;,-,1 ;21 3* 8/31821 93* 93 PVC.8/31821 93* 93 PVC. #. U, 43 62*26,9, *,- ,?1,,931,-  *2- /0?2- 93 PVC7 -3 8-/,*,1 *2- /0?2- 93 62?13 #. U, 43 62*26,9, *,- ,?1,,931,-  *2- /0?2- 93 PVC7 -3 8-/,*,1 *2- /0?2- 93 62?13 08@92*2- =398,/ 08@92*2- =398,/3 -2*9,901,-7 *2- 60,*3- 5, 93 3 -2*9,901,-7 *2- 60,*3- 5, 93 81 93-93 3* 62/,921 5,-/, 6,9, 02 81 93-93 3* 62/,921 5,-/, 6,9, 02 93 *2-93 *2-3*3=3/2- 03 130831, +,-. 3*3=3/2- 03 130831, +,-. $. $. E* -8+083E* -8+083/3 ;,-2 /3 ;,-2 3- 8-3- 8-/,*,1 *,- /,*,1 *,- **,43- **,43- 93 621/93 621/37 /,/2 37 /,/2 *,*, +331,* 93 *, 3/1,9, ,* , 484839,7 62=2 *, 8984890,* 93 +331,* 93 *, 3/1,9, ,* , 484839,7 62=2 *, 8984890,* 93

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  M39M398, 8, P13-P13-8B A: 8B A: P13-P13-8B 3/13 #(( 8B 3/13 #(( ==.6==.6.,.  .,.  ".((( ==.6.".((( ==.6.,. S3 ,. S3 3=;*3=;*3, 3 3, 3 681681608/608/2- 2-01?,2- ;,1, 98-/18?068B ;18=,18,. 01?,2- ;,1, 98-/18?068B ;18=,18,. L2- =,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- -2: L2- =,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92- -2: ,6312,6312 ;2*8;12;8*32;2*8;12;8*32..   M39M398, 8, P13-P13-8B *: 8B *: P13-P13-8B -0;31821 , 8B -0;31821 , ".((( ==.6.,".((( ==.6.,. . S3 3=;*3, ;,1, S3 3=;*3, ;,1, 98-98-/18?0/18?068B 368B 3 *,1+,- 98-/,68,-. *,1+,- 98-/,68,-. M,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92-: M,/318,*3- 3=;*3,92-: ,6312,6312 ;12/3+892 62/1, *,;12/3+892 62/1, *, 62112-8B62112-8B77 62 *,- 62 *,- 0823- -2*9,9,-.0823- -2*9,9,-.   Z,,-: L,- 8-/,*,6823- 93 98-/18?068B 4, ,*2,9,- 3 ,,- 6,4,9,- ;,1, 3-3 <. L,-Z,,-: 8-/,*,6823- 93 98-/18?068B 4, ,*2,9,- 3 ,,- 6,4,9,- ;,1, 3-3 <. L,-/0?31,- 93?3 98-601181 , (7&( /0?31,- 93?3 98-601181 , (7&( =. 93 *, =. 93 *, 62/, 93* ;,48=3/262/, 93* ;,48=3/27 ,;2,9, -2?13 *3652 93 ,13,7 ,;2,9, -2?13 *3652 93 ,13, 62=;,6/,9 62=;,6/,9,7  ,7  1360?831360?831/, 62 ,13, 5,-/, (7!( 1/, 62 ,13, 5,-/, (7!( =. -2?13 *, =. -2?13 *, /0?31,./0?31,. L*34,1 0 =,/318,* -3>,*8,921 53652 62 ;83,- 93 L*34,1 0 =,/318,* -3>,*8,921 53652 62 ;83,- 93 631=86,631=86,  98-601181 62=2 =8=2 ,  98-601181 62=2 =8=2 , (7!( =. 93 2/1,- 6,,*8,6823-7 3 3-;368,* 93 *,-(7!( =. 93 2/1,- 6,,*8,6823-7 3 3-;368,* 93 *,- 3*@6/186,-3*@6/186,-..

7.

P,1/3- 93 *, I-/,*,68B 93 G,-P,1/3- 93 *, I-/,*,68B 93 G,-L, I-/,*,68B I/31821 93 G,- -3 L, I-/,*,68B I/31821 93 G,- -3 62=;23 93 *,- -8+083/3- ;,1/3-:62=;23 93 *,- -8+083/3- ;,1/3-:

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  A62=39,: 620/A62=39,: 620/2 93 2 93 /0?31,-  ,663-2182- 03 /0?31,-  ,663-2182- 03 626221=, *, 21=, *, 93184,68B 93* -3148682793184,68B 93* -31486827 93-93 0 ;0/2 3 *, 139 2 *3, 93 /1,-;21/37 5,-/, *, 4*40*, 93 621/3 93* 8=03?*3. 93-93 0 ;0/2 3 *, 139 2 *3, 93 /1,-;21/37 5,-/, *, 4*40*, 93 621/3 93* 8=03?*3.   L*,43 93 P,-2 G331,L: E- *, **,43 93-,9, , 8/3110=;81 3* ;,-2 93 +,- ,* 398<682. L,L*,43 93 P,-2 G331,L: E- *, **,43 93-,9, , 8/3110=;81 3* ;,-2 93 +,- ,* 398<682. L, ;,1/3 93 *, /0?31, 93 6238B 3/31821 ,* 398<6827 -3 *2 **,=, ;,1/3 93 *, /0?31, 93 6238B 3/31821 ,* 398<6827 -3 *2 **,=, /,**2-./,**2-.   L*,43 93 P,-2 I984890,*: E- *, **,43 03 -3 8-/,*, ,/3- 93 *, 3/1,9, , 0, 484839, 2L*,43 93 P,-2 I984890,*: E- *, **,43 03 -3 8-/,*, ,/3- 93 *, 3/1,9, , 0, 484839, 2 *26,*7 -8143 ;,1, 8/3110=;81 3* -0=88-/12 , 3-, *26,*7 -8143 ;,1, 8/3110=;81 3* -0=88-/12 , 3-, 484839, 93 21=, 8984890,*.484839, 93 21=, 8984890,*.   L*,43 93 P,-2 A;,1,/2: A *, 3/1,9, 93 6,9, ,;,1,/2 1363;/217 -3 8-/,*, 0, **,43 93L*,43 93 P,-2 A;,1,/2: A *, 3/1,9, 93 6,9, ,;,1,/2 1363;/217 -3 8-/,*, 0, **,43 93 ;,-2 ;,1, 621/,1 3* -0=88-/12 3 21=, 893;3983/3 93* 13-/2 93 *, 8-/,*,68B. ;,-2 ;,1, 621/,1 3* -0=88-/12 3 21=, 893;3983/3 93* 13-/2 93 *, 8-/,*,68B.   R,=,* I/31821 2 D8-/18?08921: E- *, /0?31, 03 4, 93-93 *, **,43 93 ;,-2 +331,*  03R,=,* I/31821 2 D8-/18?08921: E- *, /0?31, 03 4, 93-93 *, **,43 93 ;,-2 +331,*  03 -3 03 62 3* =2/,/3 +331,* 2 62 =2/,/3- 8984890,*3- 2 62 *2- 62/,9213-. -3 03 62 3* =2/,/3 +331,* 2 62 =2/,/3- 8984890,*3- 2 62 *2- 62/,9213-.   M2/,/3 G331,*: E* =2/,/3 +331,* 3- *, /0?31, +331,* 36,1+,9, 93 98-/18?081 3*M2/,/3 G331,*: E* =2/,/3 +331,* 3- *, /0?31, +331,* 36,1+,9, 93 98-/18?081 3* +,- , /29,- *,- 484839,-. A -0 **3+,9, , 6,9, 484839, 2 *26,*7 -3 93184, 98136/2 ,* +,- , /29,- *,- 484839,-. A -0 **3+,9, , 6,9, 484839, 2 *26,*7 -3 93184, 98136/2 ,* 62/,921. 62/,921.   M2/,/3- I984890,*3-: C2-8931,92 0 60,1/2 +331,* 93 62/,9213- 3 *, ;*,/,M2/,/3- I984890,*3-: C2-8931,92 0 60,1/2 +331,* 93 62/,9213- 3 *, ;*,/, ?,,7 6,9, ,?2,92 1368?81 3* +,- =398,/3 0, /0?31, 2 /,=?8@ **,=,9, =2/,/3 ?,,7 6,9, ,?2,92 1368?81 3* +,- =398,/3 0, /0?31, 2 /,=?8@ **,=,9, =2/,/3 8984890,*. 8984890,*.