Resource Sharing: A Study of Florida's Shared-Used Library Collections

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(1)Nova Southeastern University. NSUWorks CEC Theses and Dissertations. College of Engineering and Computing. 1988. Resource Sharing: A Study of Florida's SharedUsed Library Collections Susan Anderson Nova University, andersonsusan@mac.com. This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Engineering and Computing. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Engineering and Computing, please click here.. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons. Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Susan Anderson. 1988. Resource Sharing: A Study of Florida's Shared-Used Library Collections. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, Center for Computer-Based Learning. (388) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/388.. This Dissertation is brought to you by the College of Engineering and Computing at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in CEC Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact nsuworks@nova.edu..

(2) RESOURCE SHARING: A STUDY OF FLORIDA'S SHARED-USED LIBRARY COLLECTIONS. by. Susan Anderson. A Major Field Project Submitted In Partial Fulfl I Iment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Arts NOVA UNIVERSITY October 1988.

(3) Nova University center for Computer-Based Learning certify that I have read and am wi I I ing to sponsor this Major Field Project (MFP) submitted by Susan Anderson. In my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards and is fully adequate in scope and quality as a Major Field Project for the degree of Doctor of Arts at Nova University.. Date cert I fy that I have read th I s document and I n my op I n lon, It conforms to the acceptable standards for a Major Field Project for the degree of Doctor of Arts at Nova University.. This Major Field Project was submitted to the Central Staff of the Center for Computer-Based Learning of Nova University and Is acceptable In partial fulfl Ilment of the requirements for the degr f Doc or of Arts at Nova University. 1. MlentJe ~evln, Director of Quality Control ~ ~. --:r~~ ·01G.-~~LTom MacFarland, Director of Research. ~. Date. Jacques Levin, Director of Doctora I p)16 g r Dean.

(4) ABSTRACT Designed different. to. provide. groups. of. library. service. library users. In. for. one. two. or. library. more. facl I Ity.. shared-use or Joint-use libraries are a unique aspect of. library. resources. shared-use. library. collections In shared or Joint-use library facl I Itles In. Florida. were on. sharing.. Thirteen. examples. examined In this Investigation.. of. Special focus was. placed. the perceptions of librarians who work In these libraries. order. to determine how wei I the libraries meet. the. In. Information. needs of users and how successful the libraries are In conserving financial design. resources of. a. as. special. a result of resource. combined. collection. collections. for. one. of. A the. Institutions participating In a shared-use library was formulated to. demonstrate. Guidelines. and. the. plan~lng. process. for. contractual agreements. collection. relative. to. development. that exist between the various shared-use. In. were. Florida. agreements Four. and. types. Included. In. of the. evaluated. and used to. a mission statement. for. develop. shared-use. shared-use library facl I Itles study:. community. In. collection libraries model. for. libraries.. Florida. col lege/school. community col lege/public libraries. community libraries and school/public libraries.. a. sharing.. were. libraries,. col lege/university.

(5) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This study was completed with the support of family, friends and. co I leagues.. It Is dedicated to my husband and chi Idren who. were patient and understanding throughout my work. A. special. debt of gratitude Is owed. Kemper who directed the study.. to. Dr.. Mar I yn. The enthuSiasm, encouragement and. assistance she provided were Invaluable In completing the study. would efforts. I. Ike to thank Dr.. throughout. my. John Sclgl lano who supported. studies. completion of this work.. And,. and. whose. advice. aided. would I Ike to thank Dr.. my the. George. Fornshel I for his assistance In transmitting data. This librarians, for. the. work. was. made possible by. administrators. study.. They. were. the. cooperation. and others who provided generous In. experiences and knowledge.. I I. sharing. of. Information their. time,.

(6) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Abstract . Acknowledgments.. . i i. List of Tables.. .vll. List of Figures.. .vlll. Chapter I Introduction. Statement of the Problem Purpose. Background and Significance. Limitations of the Study. Major Issues and Research Questions Definition of Terms Summary .. Chapter I I Review of the Literature The Learning Society. The Changing Roles of Libraries Libraries for Library Users. Types of Libraries. School Libraries. Public Libraries. Community Col lege Libraries. University Libraries. Special Libraries. Library Cooperation Through Shared-Use Libraries. Shared Col lege Collections. Shared Community Col lege/PubliC Libraries. Shared School/Public Libraries. Sharing Resources. Patterns of Agreements between Libraries Summary.. I I I. 1 1. 5 7 9 14 15 17 21. · 23 .23 ·. 24. .25 .27 · 27 ·. 28. .29 · 30 .31. 32 33 37. 38. .42 44. · 45.

(7) Chapter I I I Research Design. Planning. Assumptions. Hypotheses. The Research Questions. Population. Variables. Evaluation Design. Instrumentation and Data Collection Validity of Instruments. Procedures and Methods . Statistical Tests. Formats for Presenting Results. Expectations. Summary .. Chapter IV Presentation and Analysis of Data. Description of the Libraries. University and Community Col lege Libraries. High School and Community Col lege Libraries. Public and Community Col lege Libraries. Public and Public School Libraries Statistical Analysis and Results. Survey Instruments. Population. Presentation of Data Questionnaire I Section 1 Graphs and Measurements of Central Tendency. Section 2 Wilcoxon T-Test . Section 3 Mann-Whitney U Test. Section 4 Cross Tabulation and Correlation Coefficients. Quest lonna I re I I Model for Agreements. Mission Statement for Shared-Use Libraries Summary . Chapter V. Conclusions,. .48 .48 · 50 · 51 .51. .52 54 54 55. 55 .56 · 58 . 58/59 .59 ·. 61. 63 .64. · 65 75. .80 84 91 91. 92 92 92 94. ·. ·. 102 .109 112 · 121. ·. 126 · 131 .132. Implications and Recommendations .135. Conclusions. Results. Empirical Results. Validity of Hypotheses Implications. Recommendations. For the Libraries. For Further Study . The Future of Shared-Use Libraries Iv. .135. .137 .139 · 141. .142 .150 .150 151 · 153.

(8) Notes . .. •. Bibliography.. •. .. .. .. .. 134. . .162. Appendix. Questionnaire I - Evaluation of Collection Sharing In Shared-Use (Joint-Use Library Collections) .170. Append I x I I -. Quest lonna I re I I - Genera I I nformat Ion . . . . 175. Appendix I I I - Evaluating Collection Agreement Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Appendix IV -. Interview Questions.. Appendix V -. Test of Survey Questionnaires.. Appendix VI -. A Resource Collection to Serve the Chi Id Welfare Training Academy. Biographical Sketch . . . ; . . . . .. . 177 . . . . 178 . . . . . . 179 . 227.

(9) LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page. 1. Florida's Shared-Use Libraries.. 2.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 10. Names and Acronyms of Libraries In this Study . . . . 55. 74. 3. Site Visits. vi.

(10) LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES. Page. 1.. National Bibliographic Networks. 2.. State Networks. 3.. Regional Networks. 4.. Shared-Use Libraries. 5.. ECC and USF. 79. 6.. PCC and USF. 81. 2. .3 .•. 4. Questionnaire I Graphs and Measurements of Central Tendency 7.. Question 2. 8.. Question 8. .94 .98. 9.. Question 12. 10.. Question 13. .96. 11 •. Question 14. .95. 12.. Question 15. .96. 13.. Question 16. .97. 14.. Question 17. .97. 15.. Question 18. .98. 16.. Question 19. .99. 17.. Question 20. 100. 18.. Question 21. 101. .95. vi I.

(11) Wilcoxon T-Test 19. Question 2. 102. 20. Question 8. 103. 21 . Question 12. 103. 22. Question 13. .104. 23. Question 14. .104. 24. Question 15. .105. 25. Question 16. .105. 26. Question 17. .106. 27. Question 18. .106. 28. Question 19. .107. 29. Question 20. .107. 30. Question 21. .108. Cross. Tabulation and Correlation Coefflcents. 31 . Questions 18 & 21. · 112. 32. Questions 18 & 20. · 113. 33. Questions 18 & 19. · 113. 34. Questions 18 & 17. · 114. 35. Questions 18 & 16. · 114. 36. Questions 18 & 15. · 115. 37. Questions 18 & 14. · 115. 38. Questions 18 & 12. · 116. 39. Questions 14 & 17. · 116. 40. Questions 8 & 18. · 117. viii.

(12) 41- Questions 8 & 14. 117. Questions 8 & 2. 118. 43. Questions 8 & 15. 118. 44. Questions 8 & 17. 119. 45. Questions 8 & 19. 119. 46. Questions 8 & 20. 120. 47. Questions 8 & 21. 120. 42.. Questionnaire I I 48.. Time Line For Establishment of Libraries. 49.. Community Populations and Library Users. 50.. Size of Collections. 51 .. Library Budgets. .. .. 122 .123 124 .125. Ix.

(13) CHAPTER I Introduction Limits on financial resources,. expanding amounts of printed. information and changes In electronic technology have information. sharing between multi-type libraries.. encouraged. According. to. Marlyn Kemper, "A complex problem facing library professionals Is the. inabi. their. Ity. to. purchase everything that might be. clientele.. With steadily decreasing budgets. librarians. costs. service" the. I. (1).. form. fighting. to maintain a. electronic files. readable records.. networks. that. high. al low. rising. level. searching. for Interlibrary loan and to build. of. Figures. machine. 1,. and. 2,. state and local systems 3 I I lustrate library. sharing networks found In Florida. Figure 1. National Bibliographic Networks. OCLC (National Network) /. (Regional Broker) Sollnet. /. /. / I I. I I. /. /. \. /. I I. I I. I I. I I. I I. I I. \ \. \ \. \. /. I I. I I. abc abcabc. I I. \. /. I I. I I. abc. \. \. \/. \/ I I. 7. 6. 5. 3 \/. \ \. \. /. 2. 1. \. /. /. /. \. /:\. /. /. Library. of. Many libraries In Florida participate In these. types of networks through national, consortia.. and. by. In many Instances this Information sharing has taken. of. bibliographic. are. needed. I I. I I. I I. I I. I I. \ I I. I I. abcabcabc. and. resource.

(14) 2. OCLC Services. Is an acronym for Online Computer Library Center provided. databases. of. Libraries. can. acquisitions brokered member. by. bibliographic then. use. the. building. records. for. records. machine member. for. libraries. loan,. The services. regional corporations that deal directly. libraries. Is. readable. Interlibrary. and conversion of past records.. through. country. OCLC Include. (2).. are with. The broker for the southeastern part of. SOLINET (Southeastern Library. Network).. the. Figure. I I lustrates national networks. Figure 2. State Networks. Florida Center For Library Automation FCLA /. /. /. USF. UCF. \. /. /. /. FAMU. UF. FSU. UWF. \. \. \. \. UNF. FAU. \. FlU. Dial Access by Community Col leges(26) and Inclusion of Two Community Col leges In Database (Edison CC and Santa Fe CC). The. university. state. bib I iographlc. libraries. of. Florida. Information by participation In FCLA (The. share Florida. Center for Library Automation). Each I ibrary has Its own database that includes subsystems for circulation, control and acquisitions.. public access, serials. Through FCLA each library can. the holdings of the other libraries In the network. also. Includes. col leges.. the. bibliographic. records. Figure 2 I I lustrates this network.. of. two. access. The network commun i ty.

(15) 3. Figure 3. Regional Networks. Tampa Bay Library Consortium TBLC Seven Counties West Central FLorida /. \ \. /. Academic Libraries. Two Bay. Special Libraries. formal regional networks exist In Florida,. Library. Consortium) and SEFLIN (Southeast Figure. Network). that. PubliC Libraries. participate. libraries. Florida. 3 I I lustrates the relationship In TBLC.. except school. TBLC (Tampa. of. Library libraries. This network Involves al I types. lIbraries In a seven. county. area.. of The. consortium Is developing an online database of the collections of member. libraries. and. Is providing Inter-library. loan. through. telefacslml Ie del Ivery and a courier system (3). Florida has also been a leading state In the development another. kind of library resource sharing.. libraries one. Information. of. that serve differing library clients and agencies from These. library collection centrally housed.. Joint-use. the establishment. of. libraries needs. of. are the. resources at the same time. a shared-use library.. one. method. state and. of of. shared-use. providing conserving. for. or the. financial. Figure 4 I I lustrates the concept of.

(16) 4. Figure 4. Shared-Use Libraries Library A-------> Shared Collection <-------Llbrary B 1:\. Library C. The. concept of one collection serving multiple uses Is. not. new. The public library movement In this country In the late 19th century. gained Impetus from the lack of libraries In schools and. In. many cases the public library served as the. By. default,. school. these libraries served and continue to. library.. serve. more. than one type of library cl lent. Criticism differences in. of the concept of shared-use libraries focuses on. In the missions and goals of the libraries. the shared-use library.. In order to accompl Ish the. Involved mission. and goals of each type of library, each library provides services that are specific to Its own clients (4).. and. Although the libraries may appear to have simi liar. missions. goals,. be. their An. different. access. by. public. library. methods. of service or emphasis may. academic or school. faculty. library needs to be. and staff and located. should. be located In a. near. very. easy. to. classrooms.. A. population. center. and. provide ample parking. Academic. and school. instruction needs.. libraries have extensive. Other types of I ibrarles may seldom. formal. library instruction programs.. very. Involved. In. bibliographic. activities. for. require. Public libraries are often pre-school. age. chi Idren..

(17) 5. Academic. may. libraries. incompatible. require. a. the activities of. with. restrained young. atmosphere. chi Idren.. Special. I ibraries may have confidential or very valuable collections with restricted. use.. Materials that are suitable for adults or. secondary students,. may not be suitable for school age. post. students. (5) .. Because extreme. of these and other possible conflicts in. care. In. developing agreements. and. services,. contracts. ( I brar I es Is essent I a I I n a I I areas of I I brary serv I ce. of the library building, for collections, authority. between Locat Ion. locations of collections, responslbl I Ity. staffing,. and budgets,. for the library,. special. arrangements,. bul (ding maintenance and other areas. must al I be considered In planning for shared-use.. Statement of the Problem The concept of one library collection serving the needs of a variety. of. legislators. types and. of. library clients. taxpayers.. makes. fiscal. Legislators who. are. sense. to. striving. to. provide Information resources demanded by their constituents. see. combined library collections as providing Information access at a reasonable simi lar. cost.. resist the expense. library facl I Itles In a community.. professionals, school,. Taxpayers. the. public,. Idea. of merging. academic. and special. of. duplicating. But to many library. library. collections. from. libraries compromises the. mission of these libraries. A. exists. problem. requirements. of. In. attempting to. multi-type. libraries. meet in. the one. collection collection..

(18) 6. Information for. the. Is needed about how a combined library. can. provide. special collection needs of member libraries and. about. the possible benefits and costs of shared-use libraries. If. the. mission. recreational,. of. continuing. a. public. learning,. library. Is. chi Idren's. to. provide. literature. and. reference materials, how can this library's collection also serve the. curriculum. needs. of. an. academic. Institution. (6)?. If. different types of academic institutions such as a university and a community col lege share a common library, how can It be assured that. the. research. collection student. reflects the curriculum and educational. body (7)? If a special. collect/on, These as. needs of scholars are met and. how. and. yet. the. level of. the. library Is Involved In. a. shared. can It provide and protect Its unique material?. simi lar. Institutions. the. questions. are. being. asked. by. consider merged or shared library. librarians collections,. services and facl I Itles. Library the. development. libraries answer and. resource sharing Is being mandated In. occupying. serve. library. realities have resulted In the collections. In. Florida. as. .one. Economic. establishment. regardless. and. multi-type. the same physical facl I Ity emerges. to meeting the Information needs of the state.. political. shared. of one library collection to. Florida. of. of the. of some library professionals.. "The current economic. problems of libraries are lack of capital,. Institutional barriers. hesitation. to Innovation, and competitive pressure from more technologically advanced and responsive systems, " according to Miriam Drake (8). Given. that. shared collection libraries have. already. been.

(19) 7. establ ished. and wi I I continue to be established in. understanding to. Florida,. of the benefits and drawbacks of providing. Information through this library design Is important. library. profession.. collection agencies. For. libraries. library design, set. guidelines,. entering. It Is imperative that develop. access to. into. an. a. the. shared. participating. agreements and. provide. special requirements through written arrangements for. for. collection. management and for financial responslbl I Ity for the collection.. Purpose The. purpose. I ibrarles. In. determine. how. library. Florida that have shared-use. collections. successful these libraries have been. In. and. the to. serving. users and In conserving financial resources by surveying. librarians study. of this study Is to Identify and describe. th~se. who work In. relates. libraries.. The importance of. to a trend In Florida toward the. shared-use libraries.. For example,. development. the of. three new combined libraries. opened In early 1988 and another opened In August 1988. This. study. collection library This. serving. as. one. the. design. of. a. agency participating. an example of collection. library. collection. sharing. serves the Chi Id. special In and. a. resource shared-use. development.. Welfare. Academy. at. Trainees at the academy also use the shared collection. Gadsden. of. Includes. Gadsden. County. Public. Library. and. Tallahassee. Community. Col lege. The for. general guidelines and requirements that have been used. shared-use. contractual. library. agreements. configurations relative. to. in. Florida. collection. and. the. development.

(20) 8. policies between these various agencies are evaluated. model for these agreements Is developed.. A general. A mission statement for. shared-use libraries Is also developed. The. libraries. were studied from a historical. viewpoint. by. documents. about shared-use libraries In Florida,. each. of. survey. the. as. collections. financial support. experiences. to. current. to. studying. librarians respond. to. at two. Special attention was paid to the perceptions of. Interviewed. sharing. In addition. libraries studied were asked. questionnaires. those. and Interview.. and. to what each library gains or both. In. terms of. service. looses. to. users. Of Importance are the positive and. of librarians In collection development,. In and. negative collection. maintenance and collection use In shared-use libraries. L.J.. Amey has stated that ".. . professionals. . have. concluded In advance that Joint-use libraries wi I I not work To. be. fair,. however most of the evidence on which. their attitude was derived from a decidedly negative. they. based. literature.. They lacked Information about successful Joint-use ventures "(9). Part. of. purpose of this study Is to discover the. attitudes. of. I ibrarlans In Joint-use library ventures In Florida. Four. types of shared-use library facl Iities In Florida. relevant to the study: col lege. libraries.. are. school/public libraries, school/community community. col lege/public. community col lege/university libraries. In the study are listed In Table 1.. libraries;. The libraries. and. Included.

(21) 9. Table 1.. Florida's Shared-Use Libraries. The University of South Florida (USF) and Edison Community Col lege (ECC) The University of South Florida (USF) and Polk Community Col lege (PCC) The University of Central Florida (UCF) and Brevard Community Col lege (BCC) The University of Central Florida (UCF) and Daytona Beach Community Col lege (DBCC) The University of West Florida (UWF) and OkaloosaWalton Junior Col lege (OWJC) Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and Palm Beach Junior Col lege (PBJC) South Regional Library, Broward County and Broward Community Col lege (BCC) Gadsden County Public Library, The Florida Chi Id Welfare Academy, Gadsden Center and Tallahassee Community Col lege (TCC) Lecanto High School and Central Florida Community Col lege (CFC) Gateway High School and Valencia Community Col lege (VCC) Meadowlane Community Library and Meadowlane Elementary School Stone Community Library and Stone Middle School st. Petersburg Public Library Azalea Branch and Azalea Middle School. Background and Significance In combined. 1977 the State Library of Florida studied the concept of school/public libraries to determine the potential. improved service. Two libraries of this type existed at. that time,. Library, study.. both. According. to. Wilma. School/PUbl ic Libraries, schoOl/public Communities. In the state. Meadowlane Community Library and Stone. library unable. to. Community. These libraries were part of. in Melbourne.. Woolard In her survey. for. of. the. Combined. "[Florida concluded] that the combined does. provide. support. a. separate. possible. solution. facl I Itles. for. offering.

(22) 9. Table 1.. Florida's Shared-Use Libraries. The University of South Florida (USF) and Edison Community Col lege (ECC) The University of South Florida (USF) and Polk Community Col lege (PCC) The University of Central Florida (UCF) and Brevard Community Col lege (BCC) The University of Central Florida (UCF) and Daytona Beach Community Col lege (DBCC) The University of West Florida (UWF) and OkaloosaWalton Junior Col lege (OWJC) Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and Palm Beach Junior Col lege (PBJC) South Regional Library, Broward County and Broward Community Col lege (BCC) Gadsden County Public Library, The Florida Chi Id Welfare Academy, Gadsden Center and Tallahassee Community Col lege (TCC) Lecanto High School and Central Florida Community Col lege (CFC) Gateway High School and Valencia Community Col lege (VCC) Meadowlane Community Library and Meadowlane Elementary School Stone Community Library and Stone Middle School St. Petersburg Public Library Azalea Branch and Azalea Middle School. Background and Significance In combined. 1977 the State Library of Florida studied the concept of school/public libraries to determine the potential. improved service. Two libraries of this type existed at. that time,. Library, study.. both. According. to. Wilma. School/Public Libraries, school/pUbl ic communities. In the state. Meadowlane Community Library and Stone. I ibrary unable. to. Community. These libraries were part of. In Melbourne.. Woolard In her survey. for. of. the. Combined. "[Florida concluded] that the combined does. provide. support. a. separate. possible. solution. facl I Itles. for. offering.

(23) 10. minimum. services.. However,. such. programs. are. difficult. to. implement successfully and must be subject to a number of special considerations". (10).. The. overal I tone of the report. cautions. against this type of library resource sharing. Central. Florida. Community Col lege opened a center. rural. community of Lecanto In 1985.. Roger. Weaver. time on. In. the. Classes are taught In. the. Educational Complex which was also opened at. and consists of kindergarten through senior high one campus.. classrooms. and. that. buildings. The community col lege uti I Izes the senior the senior. high. library.. Valencia. high. Community. Col lege Is Involved In a simi far venture at Its Osceola Center In Kissimmee with Gateway High School. Community. Col lege/publiC. recent as a formal concept, "there. library. shared. collections. but as Joseph Lindenfeld points. Is out. are probably very few community col lege libraries that do. not cooperate with nearby public libraries (11).. In 1978 Thomas. Reitz reported on the attempts made by Seminole Community Col lege to provide public library service on a non-contractual basis as a public free. service to area residents since there was an "absence county wide public library service" previous to 1976. (12).. Reitz continues "Public library service by academic libraries certainly not new, activity service strong. wi I I. Is. .... The amount and propriety of this type of. certainly. vary with the other kinds. available In a given area. county. of. of. library. Institutions surrounded. or municipal service wi I I not feel. compete with or duplicate these services..... the. need. by to. Academic service to. the public may even retard the development of good public library.

(24) 11. service" (13).. Twenty years later Seminole Community Col lege Is. stl I I providing this service. A. wei I. publicized. example. community. col lege. library. Regional. Library. of. sharing. Broward. According to librarian,. of. a a. County. pub I Ic. I I brary. facility which. Deborah Passalacqua,. Is. and. a. the. South. In. 1983.. opened "When the. Broward. county Library System and Broward Community Col lege joined forces In. 1981. to. Library, the. plan the South Reglonal/Broward. they faced a major challenge.. functions. of public. library.. Community. Col lege. How could they Integrate. community. col lege. library,. learning. resources center and classrooms In one building". Existing. collections. collection librarian. needed. development. to. be. designed.. at the facl I Ity,. merged Jessica. and. a. (14)1. plan. Roberts,. for. another. has commented on the expanded number. of periodicals and Indexes and "the South Regional Library has guaranteed. book. budget. since. Its. contract. with. the. a. school. requires the purchase of $100,000 of material annually. That part of. the library's $200,000 plus materials budget couldn't be. even. In a lean year" (15).. have. arisen as the library has matured that relate to. needs. In. collection. cut. Problems In deselectlon of materials. development between. public. differing. and. academic. libraries and a liaison librarian position has been deleted. In 1986, Florida the. old. Tallahassee Community Col lege and Gadsden. entered Into an agreement whereby the col lege Gadsden. Memorial Hospital and agreed to. bu I I ding. to. training. academy for chi Id welfare,. Gadsden. house. Public. community. Library. col lege. with the. classrooms,. County, purchased. renovate the. and the main branch of public. library. serving. the state the the.

(25) 12. community. trainees. the of. community. col lege. the academy.. students and the. staff. The establishment of an. and. academy. train workers hired by Health and Rehabl I Itatlve Services In field. to the. of chi Id welfare has required the development of a special. resource. library for research and training which Is a. of the facl Ilty. four. week. Academy 1987.. The. 1988.. Courses at the academy are structured In two to. sessions requiring students to be. during. component. their training.. residents. Courses began In the. of. the. fal I. of. public library moved to Its new location In February. Community col lege courses In the new facl I Ity began In the. fal I. of. 1987. (16).. academy. library. Library. by. The destgn of a core. collection. and suggestions for the use of. academy staff and trainees Is a. for. Gadsden. component. the. Public of. this. study. An In. Important concept Is revealed In the agreements. reached. these two Instances of academic libraries sharing collections. with. public. Col lege the. The. design of. the. Broward. Community. and Broward County shared collections contract. county. curriculum. Public. libraries.. to. purchase. materials. to. support. requires. the. col lege. The Tallahassee Community Col lege and Gadsden County. Library. contract requires that the col lege. materials needed for curriculum support.. provide. (The special. the. library at. the Gadsden Center Is under the umbrella of the community col lege contract.) The. University of South Florida has two sites that. university cooperative. and. community. agreements. are. col lege. library. resources.. between the University. and. Community Col lege and the University and Polk Community. combine These Edison Col lege..

(26) 11. service" (13).. Twenty years later Seminole Community Col lege Is. stl I I providing this service. A. wei I. publicized. example. community. col lege. library. Regional. Library. of. sharing. Broward. According to librarian,. of. a a. public. library. facl I Ity. County. which. Deborah Passalacqua,. Is. and. a. the. South. In. 1983.. opened "When the. Broward. county Library System and Broward Community Col lege joined forces In. 1981. to. Library, the. plan the South Reglonal/Broward. they faced a major challenge.. functions. of public. library.. Community. Col lege. How could they Integrate. community. col lege. library,. learning. resources center and classrooms In one building". Existing. collections. col tectlon librarian. needed. development. to. be. designed.. at the facl I Ity,. merged Jessica. and. a. (14)1. plan. Roberts,. for. another. has commented on the expanded number. of periodicals and Indexes and "the South Regional Library has guaranteed. book. budget. since. Its. contract. with. the. a. school. requires the purchase of $100,000 of material annually. That part of. the library's $200,000 plus materials budget couldn't be. even. In a lean year" (15).. have. arisen as the library has matured that relate to. needs. in. collection. cut. Problems In deselectlon of materials. development between. public. differing. and. academic. libraries and a liaison librarian position has been deleted. In 1986, Florida the. old. Tallahassee Community Col lege and Gadsden. entered Into an agreement whereby the col lege Gadsden. Memorial Hospital and agreed to. building. to. training. academy for chi Id welfare,. Gadsden. house. Public. community. Library. col lege. with the. classrooms,. County, purchased. renovate the. and the main branch of public. library. serving. the state the the.

(27) 13. ECC/USF. began. university. In. 1981,. and. PCC/USF. opened. in. 1988.. The. of Central Florida opened a combined use facl I Ity. In. cooperation with Daytona Beach Community Col lege in 1987. Brevard community. Col lege. and the University of. Central. Florida. operated a shared campus for a number of years In Cocoa. Atlantic. University has been under contract for eight. have. Florida years. to. provide I ibrary services for students at the South Campus of Palm Beach. Junior. Col lege. Oka loosa-Wa I ton. and the University of. West. Florida. and. their. Ft.. Junior Col lege share a collection at. Walton Beach site (17). According to Jean Froscher, Col lege,. the. response. to. Education, outlay at. shared-use a. a librarian at Edison Community. concept. directive. from. Ralph Turlington,. between USF and (then). State. ECC. was. In. Commissioner. of. to cut back on educational capital. funding and explore the feaslbl I Ity of shared. a I I I eve I s of I nst I tut I ona I expans Ion.. novel plan was developed by ECC and USF.. "In. facl I Itles. compl lance .... a. Cooperation Is the key. word In this Innovative action" (18). Cooperation between I Ibrarles for the purpose of. collection. sharing has been documented since the 19th century.. National and. International. Plan. proJects. such. as. the. concentrated on collection development. made OCLC and RLG feasible In the 1970's.. Farmington. (1947). Machine readable records Most recent efforts In. library resource sharing have been the refinement and development of. electron I c. networks on I oca I and nat I ona I. I eve Is.. Joe I S .. Rutstein has stated that "In order to accompl Ish any success in a resource sharing environment libraries must be faml liar with another's. holdings" (19).. He goes on to say that a. one. collection.

(28) 14. pOi Icy. statement Is the working tool of cooperation. library. must. describe. have a rationale for Its collection,. Its. collection. collection,. and. be. able. provide accountabl I Ity. to the funding agency.. Each. (20).. These concepts. for. are. to the. crucial. when. considering cooperative contractual agreements between more. than. one. agency. In developing. a. shared. library. collection.. Before a shared-use library can begin, each library Involved must understand Its own collection requirements and Its own basis for collection support.. Only then,. financial. can the libraries plan. for a shared-use library.. Limitations of the Study The. scope. Florida. that. of this study Is limited to those. libraries. participate In one of the patterns In. this chapter.. The study. of. In. shared-use. described. earl ter. Is. limited. libraries. that share their collections In one physical. and by design use one collection to meet the various. to. facl Iity. Information. needs of the user groups of the cooperating libraries. The. study concentrates on the collections of the. libraries. and does not discuss other aspects of the shared-use concept such as. the design of the building or staffing except as those. relate. to. financial aspects. how. the. collections meet. resources of the libraries. of. collection management In. user. needs. or. areas. conserve. The study focuses on two shared-use. Collection services to the library user groups; responslbl I Ity for the library col tectlon.. libraries:. 1). and 2) financial. The study Is planned.

(29) 15. to. determine if the I ibrarlans of these libraries perceive. the. needs of the library users are being met and If the. that. shared-. use library design conserves financial resources. The. libraries. design are:. In Florida that participate In this. library. three school/public libraries; two school/ community. col lege libraries; two community col lege/public libraries, one of which. Includes. a. col lege/university libraries the. special. library;. libraries.. and. Involved In shared-use In Florida,. of. the. participating several. study,. In. a. one. community. Because of the limited number of. study Includes al I of the libraries.. results. six. librarian. shared-use. the population. For from. library Is. of. the. statistical. each. Institution. surveyed. since. In. Instances only two librarians are Involved.. The. perceptions. of the library. directors,. other. library. personnel. administrators of the agencies Involved, and designers or. planners. relate. to. of. the libraries studied are. Included. the collections of the libraries. and. when. the. they. financial. resources of the libraries.. Major Issues and Research Questions The study. major. Issues. and research questions resulted. from. of the I iterature on the subject of combined libraries. find. a. Recent. rationale articles. for the such. COMBINING LIBRARIES:. as. establishment those. collected. of. these by. a to. libraries.. L.J.. Amey. In. THE CANADIAN AND AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE (21). verified the pertinence of the Issues and questions. Does. a shared-use library meet the Information needs of the. library user?. Does this library design provide library. service.

(30) 16. for at. at I of the library user groups Involved and Is this least as good as the service that would have. from separate libraries? mediocre. collections. been. service available. Or does this type of library result In. that lack the specificity and. depth. that. might be found In separate libraries? Does one library determine the direction or emphasis of collection?. What. Is the mission of a shared-use library?. the How. are the questions about the differences In the miSSions and goals of. various. types. of. libraries. that. are. raised. by. library. professionals resolved In planning a shared-use collection? Do the libraries that form a shared-use library find savings In. expenditures for collections?. library. Are expenditures between. agencies decided and maintained In a mutually. the. agreeable. fashion? These. are. major Issues examined In. this. study.. Studying. examples of shared-use libraries In Florida can help determine If sharing. library. library. services. collections Is a viable solution to. financial resources.. different user groups. and. to to. providing conserving.

(31) 17. Definition of Terms Definitions are based on fol lowing texts: LIBRARY MANAGEMENT by. Robert D.. Stueart and John T. Key. Gates;. INTRODUCTION. LIBRARIANSHIP. by. POSTSECONDARY. EDUCATION IN FLORIDA by the Florida. Education. Jean. Eastlick;. Planning Commission;. PUBLIC LIBRARY by Shirley L. LIBRARY MISSION STATEMENT, TASK. JOINT-USE. A STUDY OF THE. FACILITIES. Florida. FOR. Postsecondary. COMBINED. SCHOOL. Aaron and Sue O. Smith; THE PUBLIC American Library Association; and THE. FORCE ON LEARNING RESOURCES OF FLORIDA'S COMMUNITY. SYSTEM,. TO. COLLEGE. Association of Community Col leges and the State. Board of Community Col leges. AcademIc LIbrary -- A library designed to provide library support. for a post-secondary educational CommunIty. library. College. support. -- A. LIbrary. for. a. Institution. library. two-year. designed. to. post-secondary. provide. educational. Institution, a Junior Col lege Library. Community. library. College/PublIC LIbrary -- library designed to. support. Institution. and. for. a. two-year. post. secondary. provide. educational. a specific community and financed by. both. the. Institution and the community. CommunIty. College/UnIversIty. Library -- A library. designed. to. provide library support for a two-year post secondary educational Institution educational. and. a. four-year. (and. graduate). Institution and financed by both.. post-secondary.

(32) 18. Ilection -- An organized group of library materials.. A broad phi Ilosophical aspiration that. I. an. organization. to obtain. Joint-Use Libraries -- (See Shared-Use Libraries) Library Client (Clientele) -- (See Library User) LIbrary. Network -- A method of I Inking libraries for cooperation. and resource sharing often by electronic technology. Library User -- A person who accesses the materials of a library,. a library cl lent,. library clientele, or library patron.. Library. LUIS. bibliographic. Users. Information. Service.. The. online. database used for circulation, public access,. acquisitions. by. university. libraries. modification. of. the. system. NOTIS. In. Florida.. developed. by. It. and. Is. a. Northwestern. University. MARC -- Machine readable cataloging.. Library. of. Congress. for. A standard developed by the. the equlvl lent. of. cataloging. cards. recorded on magnetic tape. Merged Collection -- (See Shared Collection) Mission -- A statement of the purpose of an organization. Multi-Type Libraries -- More than one type or kind of library. PubliC. Library -- A library designed to provide. library. for. specific. community,. a. community,. financed. available for use by the community.. by. that. support and.

(33) 19. Resource. SharIng -- A method of providing access and use of. the. materials of one library by another library. SChool/Community. College LIbrary. A library designed to provide. library support for an elementary or secondary level. educational. Institution and a two-year post-secondary educational. Institution. and financed by both Institutions. SChool Library -- library designed to provide library support for an. elementary. or secondary. level. educational. Institution,. a. School Media Center. School Media Center -- (See School Library) School/Public. Library. support. an. for. Institution. and. -- A library designed to provide. elementary. or. secondary. level. library. educational. a specific community and financed by. both. the. Institution and the community. ServIces -- Areas of library activity that fulfl I I a need such as User Services or Technical Services. Shared. Collection. housed. In. -- An organized group. of. library. one library building and developed by more. materials than. one. type of library for use by more than one type of library user. Shared-Use Library -- More than one type of library occupying one library. building and serving more than one type of library user,. a joint-use library. Special. Library -- library designed to provide. library. support.

(34) 20. for a certain organization such as a corporate library. -- state. University. System. (Florida).. The. nine. public. universities. University. Library. A. library designed. to. provide. library. support for a four-year (and graduate) post secondary educational Institution..

(35) 21. Summary. A. study. because. the. of. shared-use libraries In Florida. state. Informational. continues to seek ways to. Important. provide. needs of citizens whl Ie acting In. manner In the expenditure of state revenue.. Is. a. for. the. conservative. Shared-use libraries. are an option In meeting this obi Igatlon. In January 1985, the regents of the university system Issued "A. Path. to Excellence In Public Higher Education. In. Florida.". This report and Its recommendations were the result of a regent's study of educational funding (22). use facl I Itles. with. Recommendation 6 Is on Jolnt-. The report states that "Joint use of facl I itles. other agencies,. both public and private,. could result. In. expanding the capacity of the System's physical plant .. (23). The study's. recommendation. Is. that "The Board. of. Regents. should. assess. the Joint-Use Facl I Ity Program to determine whether. method. of. savings. II. providing space could be expanded to realize. this. greater. (24).. Additionally the Post Secondary Planning Commission Issued a In January 1988 that considers options for. statement of. various. community funding. types col lege. of. of. libraries.. libraries. The. report. and recommends. automation proJects be limited. Is that. to. automation specific any. those. to. current community. col lege libraries that share facl I Itles with university libraries (25)..

(36) 22. Each. of. the. shared-use libraries. operating. at. the time of the study. Is. In. Florida. Included.. that. Information. the libraries was gathered by surveying librarians at shared-use. I ibrarles.. Site. visits. were. were made to most. of. the the. I ibrarles to gather further Information. Developing work. help. Agreements In use at the libraries were requested. develop. libraries. a model for agreements for shared-use Is part of. Is. this model. designed. A mission statement. as a another. for. to. shared-use.

(37) CHAPTER I I. Review of the Literature The Review of the Literature Is presented In three sections: The Learning Society, Types of Libraries, and Library Cooperation Through Shared-Use Libraries. examine. new. ways to provide access to Information and to Combining. resources. I ibrarles. Libraries are being challenged to. In. one. the. library. resources. of. different. facl I ity Is one. way. share. types. to. meet. of this. chaJ lenge. Library networks, sharing. are. reviewing. components of an. the. shared-use. library cooperation, and I ibrary resource. literature. I ibraries. Information. on shared-use. based. society.. I ibrarles,. contribute to access to. In. ways. that. Information. were. studied.. Different types of I ibraries have evolved to meet. the. needs. specific. are. of. examples resources of. of. groups of library. different. users.. types of libraries. Yet,. that. there. have. combined. In a cooperative effort to meet the information. expanded. groups. of users.. Reports. of. these. needs. cooperative. efforts form part of the review of the literature. The Learning Society "The. United. States. Is. rapidly. shifting. from. a. mass.

(38) 24. industrial impact from. society. wi I I. to an information. society,. the. final. be more profound than the nineteenth century. shift. an agricultural to an Industrial society" is. Naisbitt kinds,. correct. and. If. (26).. In this assessment then libraries. the traditional storehouses of Information,. John. of. al I. must prepare. for this impact. The Changing Roles of Libraries One. way of determining what the role of libraries Is In. Information based society Is to look to the needs of. an. users.. Who. needs Information? What kind of Information Is needed? How can It be delivered accurately, library can Nanus. rei lably and quickly?. The question for. professionals Is not how libraries wi I I change,. libraries respond to the Information needs of. but how. users?. Burt. of the Center for Futures Research has stated "users. wi I I. need protection from the potential abuses of an Information based society-distortion. or. violations of privacy,. manipulation. of. Information,. fraud,. Information overload, and exploitation of. the Information poor by the Information rich.. A focused national. concern for managing the evolution of Information services In the interest of social excellence and user protection now seems to be a matter for high national priority" (27). In 1982 then Secretary of Education, T.H. Bel I, appOinted commission. to assess the quality of education In America and. compare It to other countries. presented Imperative explicitly. In. 1983 for. and. to. The report of this committee was. Is titled. Educational. a. "a. Reform.". Nation This. at. report. Risk:. the. did. not. refer to libraries as part of the educational process.

(39) 25. and. the. J. seminars. ibrary profession reacted to this omission. by. cal led. Project. the Libraries and Learning Society. holding to. emphasize the importance of libraries In education. Peggy. Sui I Ivan. remarks In her paper that was part. project. that "The services that. society. are. determined. be. Individual. types. of. libraries. kind. of. the. learning personnel,. ltles that can be deployed to provide. To these traditional components of service must. among libraries" or. I. added one that cuts across al. their. ibrarles offer to the. by the amount and. materials and physical facl those services.. I. of. of them and that can. I. strengths when wei Sui. (28).. I. uti Ilzed:. I. the. linkages. Ivan delineates four major categories. libraries and points out how these. can. Increase. categories. work together In cooperative efforts. to. of. provide. Information services. Although services. It. of. likely.. Is. the. future wi I I can. We. difficult. expect. forecast. evolve, some. Information. certain. directions. are. traditional. libraries. to. become. Increasingly Involved In providing Information services.. We can. expect. can. We. the. how. to. continue.. expect. to. private. sector. storage formats and methods of accessing. change.. We. can. expect. libraries to. continue. Information to. to. Investigate. methods of Information sharing, networking and cooperation. Libraries for Library Users In. addressing. the. problem of defining. Alphonse Trezza remarks "Working together, services, Possible. and for. believing us. to. library. networks,. sharing resources and. In each other's motives. can. make. It. consider the posslbl I Ity of. one. type. of.

(40) 26. library,. I.e.,. a. centered. IlbrarYj. user-oriented a. library. -- not. service-centered library,. centered library" (29).. a. collection. not a. process-. Trezza discusses the role of the library. as. it acts as an Intermediary between users and new. He. makes. a case for a blurring of the definition. technology. of. types. of. I ibraries and an Increase In emphasis on the Information needs of users. "Perhaps during the next 20 years, the time for the demise of. distinction. between academic.. school,. public. and. special. library will arrive" (30). Miriam Drake and Harold Olsen looked at changes In libraries. In. the late 1970·s.. They state,. academic. "Changing. economic. conditions and pressure for greater productivity from the sector. wi. I I. libraries. no. longer. collections" seemed. be. the. major factors. stimulating. public. Innovation. It Is clear that Institutions of higher education can afford. traditional. (31).. Economic. libraries. and. comprehensive. retrenchment In higher. education. likely and these authors forecast that services would. altered. and. increase.. In. resource. sharing through. library. networks. be. would. They conclude that "Librarians wi I I need to set aside. outdated attitudes about library service,. risk-taking, money and. numbers, and rise to the need to Innovate" (32). Library say,. the. professionals must prepare for change but library,. logically. one. of. the. Institutions. concerned and Involved with Information technology, much I nvo I ved with Its deve I opment. face facts, as. It. "Sad. to most. has not been. I f I I brar I ans are w I I ling to. they wi I I admit that the library Is not used as much. should be.. Many students and faculty members do not. use. libraries, and libraries are expensive to maintain In view of the.

(41) 27. cost. and this relatively smal I use .... studles wi I I. lead. to. suggested Indexed. accessed,. changes In the form In which and. retrieved,. In. literature. order to. avai lable to researchers.. undoubtedly. maKe. It. accessible. and. determined. by the function of Information In terms of the. The form. needs at specific points In the Innovation process, having. the. is. more. should. be. users. rather. form determined by the need of the librarian". than (33).. The shared-use library Is one method of focusing on the needs. of. the library user In an Information based society. Types of Libraries This study addresses combining the collections of a. library. of one type with those of a library of another type and forming a third type of library with a shared collection.. For purposes of. this study the types of libraries are defined as school,. public,. community col lege, university and special. School Libraries libraries exist to support the educational goals. School the. school and Its curriculum.. Modern school. libraries provide. educational support services In a variety of formats. Hannigan. has. stated. schooling process.. that. "The. chi Id Is. AI I of the resources,. the. of. Anne the. services and programs therefore.. to. aware,. the chi Id's growth as an. Jane. center. offered by the school media center must, facl I itate. of. be designed. productive. and. librarians have produced sets of standards under. the. fulfl I led human being" (34). School auspices. of the American Library Association and the Association.

(42) 28. for Educational Communications and Technology which delineate the role. of the school. schools. and. I ibrary In supporting the curricular needs of. school districts.. Bibliographic. awareness. of literature through story tel ling and. important. components of the school. and. library.. Instruction. and. booktalks. are. Educational. the equipment needed to use this media Is usually. through. the. available where. schoo I I I brary.. channeled. are. frequent I y. only during the school day and may be open. libraries,. students. can. use. Schoo I I I brar I es. media. the library at. any. time,. or. closed. I ibrarles.. where students use the library only at times al lotted. for. c I ass.. the I r. Centers and school. Schoo I I I brar I es are refer red. to. as. Med I a. librarians as Media Specialists.. Jean Gates reminds us that although the basic purposes of school. a. library are applicable to al I levels of library service In. schools, there are In practice three levels of school. libraries:. elementary,. These three. middle. types of school "The. or Junior high and senior high.. libraries require specific kinds of service (35).. school. program. curricular offerings,. of. this. decade. cal Is. attention to Individual. for. broad. differences,. and. Independent study and Inquiry, al I supported by a wide variety of resources and the I Ibrary/medla center becomes the natural center for learning" (36). schools, merged. What Gates Is pointing out,. the traditional functions of a school with. the. Instructional. Is that for many library have been. opportunities. of. evolving. technology to form a new type of educational support service. Public Libraries Public libraries have long dealt with defining their mission.

(43) 29. and. setting. standards. standards for public library. for. public. libraries. Library Association In 1934. agencIes "The. were Issued. by. The the. each lIbrary Is. fIrst. American. Since public lIbraries are. responsive to a communIty,. only. service.. servIce. different.. really essential requirement In the defInition. of. a. public library Is that Its use should be free to al I residents of the. community. on. equal. terms" (37).. definition. In. discussing the. definition. Is. from. Jean. municipal. Gates. public. Careleton Bruns Joeckel. uses. this. library.. The. In 1935. from. "The. Government of the American Public Library." Gates library the. states. that "It Is the function of. the. PUblic. to provide the printed and nonprlnted materials to. Individual. Information, cultural. and. group. education,. needs. of. Its. meet. constituency. for. recreation,. and. self-realization,. growth and for assistance In carrying out their. duties. as citizens and members of the community" (38). Community Col lege Libraries These years. libraries. support. col leges offering the. of post-high school education.. Traditionally,. first they. two have. been referred to as Learning Resources Centers.. The terminology. was. libraries. developed. In order to emphasize that these. sources for a variety of types of InformatIon found In a of of. formats. the. first. were. variety. Standards for communIty col lege libraries were one to. be. established. by. the. AmerIcan. Library. AssocIation and have been both qualitative and quantitative. In discussing community col lege libraries, Gates states that.

(44) 30. community recorded. col lege. Information. library. should. Include. owned by the col lege. and. al I. forms. the. of. collection. be selected and developed on the basIs of the educatIonal phi losophy of the col lege.. Its curriculum,. Instructional methods.. student characteristics, faculty needs and other services (39). Guldel ines by. the. for community col lege libraries were. American Library Association In 1972. standards were written In 1979 (40). In. 1982. and. are. not. and. publ ished quantitative. New Guidelines were Issued. quantitative.. "These. guldel ines. diagnostic and descriptive In nature .... [and] have been to. give. direction. to. two-year col leges. desiring. to. are. prepared develop. comprehensive Learning Resources Programs" (41). University Libraries University libraries support the educational programs of the Institutions materials. by. providing curriculum support and. by. for In-depth research by faculty and students. undergraduate. and. students,. lIbrary program provides materials. the. specifically. graduate. designed. to. levels.. meet. "For. their. the. providing on. the. undergraduate and. requirements.. services For. the. students pursuing advanced study, the faculty members Involved in that. level. of. specialists,. It. study,. and the resident. or. visiting. research. provides resources and services to support each. of the graduate programs and materials of sufficient quantity and diversity. to support research of whatever kind In every. subject. field" (42). Col lege American. library. standards. were. Library Association In 1959,. first. prepared. for. the. revised in 1975 and again.

(45) 31. revised. In 1986.. These standards give general. guidelines. and. formulas for evaluating collections In eight sections (43). statement by. for the mission of undergraduate. the Association of Col lege and. The. libraries. Research. as. libraries. (ALA) states that the "Subject scope of the undergraduate library wi I I primarily support the teaching curriculum (44). Special Libraries Special. libraries. library clientele. of. exist. to meet the needs. of. a. defined. These libraries serve the Information. needs. organizations with Information pertinent to the work of. organlzatlon."The. that. determining factor In the organization of. the. collection Is the necessity for quick and efficient access" (45). Special the. libraries have been leaders In using technology to. Information. business,. needs. Industry,. of special segments of society. law. and. medicine.. These. collections limited to specific subject areas.. meet. such. libraries. as have. Their collections. are sometimes confidential or restricted In use so that sharing a special. collection. with. the. collection. of. another. library. requires a carefully designed agreement for cooperation. A I though Information stUdy, have. evolved the. students, business. I I brar I es. are,. In. genera I,. P I aces. where. Is kept In some organized fashion for the purpose of. reference. users:. these. aII. and learning,. libraries In the United. to meet the needs of specific public. graduate. at and. large,. research. or other special users.. different. types. school. groups. age. students. of. library. chi Idren,. col lege. and. Combining the. of libraries. requires. States. corporate. or. collections. of. considering. the.

(46) 32. collection. requirements. of the libraries. Involved. In. shared-use. Library Cooperation Through Shared-Use Libraries Nearly sponsored. ten years ago the United States Office of. Education. a conference to explore the Implications of. expanding. library networks throughout the nation. electronic. technology. as. This conference focused. a means of. Improving. access. to. Information held In the nation's libraries but was also cognizant existing cooperative arrangements for Information. management. and del Ivery ranging from cooperative serials purchasing. between. I ibrarles to storage and preservation.. "Cooperative acquisitions. development. networks.. Academic. Is. provided. Library. by. several. The. Southwest. Consortium members voluntarily partiCipate. collection development,. In. and a state plan for serials acquisition. has been developed by the Health Science Library and. Information. Cooperative of Maine" (46). The conference appendixes reveal that the Idea of other types. of. library. library. cooperation were also the concerns. professionals. libraries.".. discussing. the. future. of. . Cooperation should be Increased -. Public School Libraries,. of. those. American. ' between the. the Public Library and the libraries of. the University of the District of Columbia In order to capitalize on existing resources. processing. and. resolution. passed. Cooperation might extend to. purchasing by. the. operations,". (47). District. Columbia's. of. Conference on Libraries and Information Services.. centralized. according. to. a. Governors'. Although there.

(47) 33. no. specific. Inference. mention of shared. collections,. at. least. the. can be made that centralized processing and purchasing. Implies sharing collection Information. In. In. cooperative. collection development was studied by Maidel Cason.. Her emphasis. Accountabl I Ity. on. libraries. involved. Research Libraries Group libraries and of. cooperative Her. I ibrar les.. collection. studies. she. development. traced In. the. academic. emphasize the need for evaluation. and. of collections In order to share resources (48). Thirty. years. to. the. ago,. an entire Issue of LIBRARY. Issue of "Building. Library. TRENDS. Resources. was. Through. Cooperation." Ralph Esterquest, who edited the Issue, stated that "the underlying objective and raison d'etre of cooperation Is Increase. nation's. the. correspondingly. total. Increasing. I I brary. library. resources. to. without. expendltures .... cooperatlon. wi I I enable libraries to give more satisfactory service, whatever their. financial. resources. (49).. His. can be appl led to libraries which. Idea. than would be possible. without. It". are. sharing. between. col lege. collections In Florida today. Shared Col lege Collections Eileen. Thornton,. In studying cooperation \,. libraries Central. In. cites, Col lege. and. the Evangelical. I I I I no I s. Naperv I I Ie" dedicated. the same Issue of. a. Joint. ( 50) .. library. In. Theological. 1954. with a. LIBRARY. these. common. two. TRENDS,. Seminary. books. owned. by. each. school. remained. In. Institutions. administration. service area and special areas for the col lege and the All. North. vested. and. seminary. In. that.

(48) 34 and al I new books became the property of the. 1nstltutlon. The. library.. Institutions. could. transfer. their. shared previous. to the new library but they were not required to. collections. do. library Incorporated and formed Its own separate board. The. trustees be. which. determined on an annual. contributed. by. each. baSis. Institution. what. for. monies. collection. development and operation. This. library. Institutions Information finance. had. was the. formed because. financial resources to. needs of their students.. a. of. the. provide. for. the. volumes. and. Twenty years later, the two libraries. the corporation.. periodicals.. parent. Together they were able to. new building capable of holding 140,000. seating 340 library users. dissolved. neither. The seminary removed Its books. By telephone Interview,. and. It was found that this was. not viewed as having a positive effect on the collection (51). A shared-use library Is part of the Aurarla Higher Education Center In Denver. University Community. of. This center Includes the Denver Campus of the. Colorado,. Col lege. Metropolitan. State. of Denver at one location.. Col lege The. and. the. center. was. created because the three Institutions were seeking to expand and improve county In BI I I. educational. offerings In Denver and because. and state were Involved In financing these. the. city.. Institutions.. Aprl I 1974 the center was established by law (Colorado. House. 1163) (52). In. preparation for the shared-use library,. Metropolitan ordering, libraries.. State. cataloging The. Col lege and. assumed. the. the library. responslbl I Ity. processing materials. for. the. of for. three. periodicals librarian for Metropolitan State In.

(49) 35 1973.. Terry Ann Mood,. LIBRARIES,. that. stated In an article In COLORADO ACADEMIC. "Cooperation. Is not limited to. the. Technical. services areas; other areas of the Libraries are also Involved In the cooperative effort" (53). According Collection library. Assistant. Director. for. and Automation Services at the Aurarla. Library.. the. University. of. has. Colorado. Marilyn. always. and. University. to. been. currently. Mitchel I.. administered al I. money. Is. by. the. "appropriated. to. of Colorado which passes It on to the library through. the University budget process" (54).. Appropriations are based on. ful I-time equivalent students (FTE) at each institution. of. the. A board. directors Is responsible for the school and consists of. four. directors appointed by the governor and one member each from state board of community col leges,. the. the regents of the University. of Colorado, and the trustees of the state col leges of Colorado. The. Carnegie Branch Library and Community Education. Center. In Houston, Texas Is a shared-use library established between the Houston and. Public Library,. Houston. public. the Houston Independent School District. Community Col lege In 1982.. library,. David Henlngton,. The. stated that most. ventures. housed In schools have met with little. Carnegie. project. watching. closely," according to Henlngton,. the. one that the library. few times that a school. library. (55).. education the. Is. for. library's. unable. to. Dr.. director. success.. profession. dean of adult. course. be. because It Is one of. extensive collection of materials, this spectrum of. "The. wi I I. library has been placed In a. Monroe Neff,. the. cooperative. and. Houston Community Col lege remarked that. offer. of. we. offerings". publiC. continuing "Without would. be. (56) .The.

(50) 36. library. Is planned as part of a community educational park. Includes. a. contracts. middle and high school.. The. PUbliC. school. with the publiC library for services.. The. that system. community. col lege leases space from the public library. Also. In. Texas,. Laredo. Junior Col lege. and. Laredo. State. have operated a shared library since 1970 at the time University began offering courses In the area.. "What. this. Is that al I faculty and students of both Institutions. have. equal. access. services. the. to. entire facl I Ity. -- book. collection. and. AI I the books owned by each Institution are listed In. general. card catalog.. significant. step. collection this. the. forward. The cooperative. agreement. In September of 1974. became Integrated" (57).. when. took the. a. book. The general agreement. for. shared-use library states that the reason for combining the. col lege. and. university collections Is to realize. economies. effort and to Improve library services through sharing. of. resources. (58).. The Master. State. P I an for Commun I ty Co I I eges In 1988 tit led. Challenge. 6. complement. Is "To provide sufficient learning classroom. environment" consists col lege. state. system. (59).. The. Instruction community. and. the. col lege. a. "Cha I I enges" . resources. total system. that. learning In. Florida. of 28 col leges located throughout the state to. provide. education within commuting distance for al I citizens. the state. campus.. Board of Community Col leges of Florida Issued. of. As a result, many of the col leges have more than one Nine. Both. public the. universities are located. community col lege system and. throughout the. have a commitment to the concept of providing a. the. university learning.

(51) 37. To. environment.. six examples of community col leges. sharing library collections have been. universities. one. wi th. date,. exception,. universities.. A. Involve. branch. and. established.. campuses. of. state. seventh site opened In late summer 1988. (Palm. Beach Jr. Col lege, North Campus). Joint-use. facl I Itles,. Including library. facl Iitles,. partlculary attractive to post-secondary educational. were. Institutions. In Florida from 1976 to 1985 because of a statute passed In that. al lowed. al locating statute,. for. a procedure outside the. usual. channels. subsequently amended,. This. "removed Joint-use. proJects from consideration In the development of the. by. for. capital outlay funds for Joint-use facl I Itles. s235.195,FS,. priority. 1976. three-year. lists for educational facl I Itles construction developed. the. State. Board. of Community Col leges. and. the. Board. of. Regents" (60). Shared Community Col lege/Public Libraries Joseph cooperation. Llndenfeld. F.. between. in. community. studying col leges. six and. Instances public. of. libraries. states that "Most community col leges offer open admissions, as do public. libraries.. Most. libraries. col leges. have extensive developmental/remedial programs, I ibrarles.. col leges.. Many. encourage. learning. public. do community. actively. I ifelong. some. as. public. community. And both usually put learning. Information. above. scholarly. as and. research". do the. (61 ) .. provision. of. Llndenfeld. sees cooperation between these two types of libraries. as part of a trend. The. six libraries discussed by Llndenfeld. have. shared-use.

(52) 38. These. libraries. Flathead. County. collections. and. are. Flathead. Montana. Val ley. Libraries,. Community Blythevl I Ie. Public Library and Mississippi County Community Col lege, Australia Carnegie. Branch. Community. Col lege. and. Public. Library,. Library and Community Education Center. Houston. Texas, Broward Community Col lege and Broward County Florida South Regional Library,. and Memphis and Shelby County Tennessee PubliC. Library and Shelby State Community Col lege (62). Llndenfeld The. library. Col lege. directs the last mentioned. shared-use. library.. is located on the campus of Shelby State. Community. and the col lege pays for al I of the operating. expenses.. Col lege students have borrowing prlvl leges at al I branches of the publiC. library.. The public library assumes. responslbl Iity. for. technical services (63). Llndenfeld. finds. four factors that are necessary for. type of library cooperation:. common needs.. this. resources that. the. other library wants In terms of funding, space, staff etc., clear boundaries not. of responslbl Iity.. wi I ling. and good wi I I.. "If each party Is. to share something and to I isten and. help. In. the. event of a disagreement, then cooperation cannot work" (64). Shared School/Public Libraries Studies library. and. shared. Chapter I. combined communities. surveys by Wilma Woolard of school and collections. and. buildings. were. public. mentioned. In. Woolard reports that her studies Indicate that these libraries with. are. most. likely. to. be. successful. populations of less than 5,000 She finds. In that.

(53) 39. communication communities conserve. and and. that. If. higher. In. these factors combined with a. resources make Innovative. financial. sharing possible. that. community Involvement Is. smal·ler. desire. library. to. resource. She cites remarks by John Berry to the effect. librarians don't develop library. programs. that. offer. better library service more economically and efficiently than the traditional. structuring of separate library service areas,. that. citizens and legislators wi I I Impose their own alternatives (65). Amey's. study. of school/public libraries In. that the professional the school was. Canada. showed. librarians who were surveyed agreed (97% of. librarians) (95% of the public librarians) that. there. a difference In purpose between school and public libraries.. Moreover thought. Amey's. study showed that these. library. that students would not benefit from. professionals. Improved. services. from a combined library (6a). These results Indicate a perception In. the library profession that the different types of. libraries. have different missions and goals and that this Is problematic to librarians In considering shared-use. Lawrence sharing. In. "Libraries. Jaffe studied collection development and the combined school/public Library.. resource. He found. employing a combined structure have usually. received. negative treatment In library literature with recommendations abandon. such. treatment,. service arrangements. the. Interest. In. and. Despite use. of. this combined. that. to. unfavorable libraries. persists, prlmari Iy due to lack of funds and community desires to maximize. the use of physical facl I itles" (67).. Jaffe found. studying. these school/ public libraries In Pennsylvania that 50%. (eight out of sixteen Interviews) of librarians thought that. In. the.

(54) 40. red-use library resulted In better services to students. 50% who were not convinced. states Ibrarles,. that. because. of. One librarian who Is cited by the. coordination of purchases,. precluded. Jaffe. (68).. found. differing. have. a combined structure. goals. of. the. programs and services may that. a. major. collection development dealt with governance. not. That. for. problem. If the. budget,. In. libraries. selection. of. was constrained. Jaffe. pOints. out. that even though some. combined. public libraries appear to meet the needs of their In. smal I communities.. circulation. "For example,. school/. users,. collection. these. size. and. records In a vi I lage of 2000 cannot be contrasted to. services. offered. by a library. with. a. potential. service. of 20,000" (69). Jaffe libraries. five. areas of shared-use. In. school/public. and developed elements for success In each. area. of as. library. studied. collection development necessary for success:. he. states. the. .. The comb I ned. area.. In. fol lowing. schoo I /pub I I c. must strive to select and acquire a balanced. collection. for al I patrons and establ Ish the most simple and useful means of access to materials" (70). Shirley Aaron and Sue Smith conducted a three phase study of combined school/public libraries In 1977-78 In order to determine their. feaslbl Ilty In Florida.. Phase one consisted of visits. seven libraries outSide of Florida. to. the. three forming. to. The second phase was visits. Stone and Meadowlane Libraries In. Melbourne. was a check I 1st for libraries and communities combined school/public libraries.. and. phase. considering. The results of. this.

(55) 41. are. mentioned In Chapter I.. however to restate,. It. was. that If resources were available to support separate school public libraries.. combining these libraries would not result. better services.. If resources were not available. and. public. libraries,. then. combining the. for two. both was. a. solution. The oldest and largest combined school/public library system In Kansas City. The system was established In 1873 and the public library administration stl I I reports to the school Seven. of. susan. Cherry quotes Harold R.. library.. the thirteen public library branches are. about. some. Jenkins.. of the problems. In. board. schools.. director of the public. In. this. system.. "It's. Intimidating for patrons to use a branch located In a school." He continues are. that:. located. Cherry. also. sChool. board. "parking Is difficult and many of the. on. school. lots set back from. the. schools. streets". (71).. relates that a school board member stated that spends 98 percent of Its time. on. school. the. related. Items and 2 percent of Its time on the library. In May 1988. the St. Petersburg Public Library System opened Its. newest. and largest (square footage) branch.. Public Library.. Azalea. Branch. This library Is shared with Azalea Middle School. and consists of a separate building on the school campus.. It Is. connected to the middle school by a covered walkway and a. school. A public entrance faces a parking lot. the. result. of. The library Is. five years of planning and study by. the. library system and the school system to provide library. public services. In a growing commercial area with high land values. The. planning. document. for the library. states. "Libraries.

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