You should be familiar with the following tasks using excel in order to be able to complete the statistics assignment.
TO GET HELP ON ANY TOPIC, CLICK ON THE EXCEL HELP BUTTON download the practice Excel file from the KIN 306 web site
note: When using excel, you may use keyboard shortcuts rather than using the menu bar pull-down menus to do many operations. This manual will list all menu commands and some short-cuts.
insert new column (insert column to left of subject column for labels) select column to right of where you want new column
Home tab: Cells: insert >> insert sheet column
place line below data (to visually separate it from summary statistics to be calculated below line) select row which you want the line to be BELOW
Home tab: Font: Use this button to place a line. To place the line shown (the last line you placed, a thin underline in figure at left), click on the left side of the button. To place other types of boarder lines, click on the arrow to get the menu, and select the line desired.
Enter the word MEAN in column A, immediately below the line
Using function wizard to calculate Mean and Standard Deviation
computing mean and standard deviation using functions
IN EXCEL 2010, FOR STANDARD DEVIATION USE: “STDEV.S”
More functions: category = statistical, then select function (e.g., average) select range
Format Number to set # of decimals
format numbers to set # of decimals Home tab: Number:
Alternate: Select the cells you want to format, then right click, then use
Do not waste time repeating work setting up formulae and formatting, do it once, then…..
Copy functions & formatting to paste to other similar, parallel columns
Writing a formula
BMI = BODY MASS INDEX
= WEIGHT (kg) / height2 (m) e.g., 5 ft 4 inch & 145 lbs
= 64 inches, 145 lbs
= 1.62 meters, 66 kg
= 66 / 1.62562 BMI = 25
Note that in Excel, the multiplication sign * must be included when needed, Excel does not multiply round brackets
Show step-by-step formula
Show multiple parts of formula in one step
How to show a number in scientific notation in excel
Select the cells you want to format, right click, choose “format cells”, choose “Number” tab, choose “scientific” category, Set decimals, OK.
Plot a scattergram
do a scattergram (a fancy one with 2 sets of data on a single graph)
*
Insert tab: charts: Scatter: Scatter with only markers:
Draft chart shows up on screen, ensure it STAYS SELECTED so “Chart Tools” continue to be available.
Chart tools: Design: Data: Select data:
Select data source:
Remove any contents if present click on Add button
select series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (use D3 contains “FALL”) select X Values box
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the X axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP1 FALL for the demonstration)
select Y Values box
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP2 FALL for the demonstration)
Click OK
To add second set of data on one pair of axis.
click on Add button
select 2nd series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (use F3 contains “WINTER”)
select Y Values box
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the data you wish to plot on the Y axis (do not include column titles) (use JUMP2 WINTER for the demonstration)
Click OK click OK click OK
Chart must be selected or chart tools will not be available
Control legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data on one axis pair) Chart tools: Layout: legend: position/none
turn off Horizontal Axis Major Gridlines (not needed in this simple plot, may be needed in more complex ones you make)
Chart tools: Layout: Axis: Primary Horizontal Axis: None
Change the plot symbols so that they are:
Clearly and easily distinguishable on a grey scale printer
They can be distinguished if one plot symbol lies partially or completely on top of another
enter appropriate labels for both value (X) axis, & value (Y) axis Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Chart title
Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Axis title
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!)
Skills to demonstrate:
1. Why to set the axis range 2. How to set the axis range
a. Double click on the axes to open operation box b. Select: Axis Options
c. set reasonable (& not conflicting) min, max d. Select: Number
e. Set # decimals displayed
3. Copy a graph and a range of cells to word.
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!)
To include a regression line and calculate the equation of the line
Chart must be selected or chart tool will not be available
Chart tools: Layout: trendline: more trendline options (do not choose the shortcut to directly add a linear trend line): select data series: options = display equation
To format trendline: select trendline: right click: format trendline: line style = make it not solid
Calculate a correlation
place the cursor in the cell where you want the calculated value to appear Formulas tab: Function Library: Insert Function:
category = statistical, then select function (e.g., correl) select range
Alternate method:
Show: To view the top & bottom of your page that is too big to fit on a screen, use a HORIZONTAL SPLIT SCREEN. Similarly, to view extreme right and left sides beyond the view of the screen, use a
VERTICAL SPLIT SCREEN.
Show: To select continuous data across a split screen- select the first cell in one window, then shift+click of the last cell in the second window. The full range between these two selections will be selected.
Copying excel material to word
For writing a report: You will produce a professional report by copying the graph and pasting it into a Word document to create on Word file with text and figures.
To range of excel cells with values and labels to word: Select the range of cells you wish to copy. Copy the range and paste the data table into word document, to show up as a table in word.
Backup your work
Ensure you have more than one copy of any work you care about!!!
The following are advanced techniques required of KIN 506 students, and potentially useful for KIN 306 students when writing lab reports.
Advanced bar graph techniques
To plot mean and standard deviation values for groups to report results.
We will use the following data to produce the following sample graph:
Mean Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min) Pre-training Post-training
males 45 50
females 30 40
Standard Deviation of Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
Pre-training Post-training
males 10 15
females 2.5 5
males females 0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Mean Aerobic Capacity of Males & Females
Pre-training Post-training
Maximum Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
graph the means of variability of groups
Insert tab: charts: column: select top left sub-type (plain column graph):
Chart must be selected or chart tools will not be available
Chart tools: Design: Data: Select data:
Select data source:
Remove any contents if present click on Add button
select series name box, click on cell that contains name of data set (e.g. "Pre-training"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend.
highlight Values box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the first data (e.g., pre-training data for males &
females, do not include column titles) OK
Horizontal categories label: EDIT
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the bin labels (i.e. males & females) OK
to add the second data series, click on Add click in Name box to place cursor there
select a cell containing the label of the data second set of data (e.g. "Post-training"). This is the term that will appear in the figure legend
highlight the Values box to select it
select (drag over) the column of cells containing the second data (e.g., post-training data for males &
females, do not include column titles).
OK OK
Control legend (Keep legend if you have more than one set of data on one axis pair) Chart tools: Layout: legend: position/none
Chart tools: Layout: axis: gridline: Horizontal gridlines
enter appropriate title, and labels for both value (X) axis, & value (Y) axis Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Chart title
Chart tools: Layout: Labels: Axis title
NOW CHECK THE PLOT AGAINST THE DATA!!
Double click on any item in the graph you wish to modify (experiment!) Optional - to set a fixed range on an axis:
Double Click on the axis line or tick label to open operation box Use options in box to set reasonable min, max, # decimals displayed Now add the error bars to first data set:
Chart tools: Layout: analysis: error bars: more error bar options:
Select ONE set of data. (e.g., Pre training) OK
Select "Both" & "Custom"
“specfy value”
Place cursor in "+" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard deviation values Place cursor in "-" range box
Drag and select the column of male & female pretraining standard deviation values OK
Now add the error bars to second data set - by repeating the above procedure for the second data set Note:
You can insert text (such as a symbol to mark significance) by using: Insert: text: text box.
You can change the words used in the graph legend by changing the text of the corresponding cell in the excel spreadsheet.
Changes in the data in the excel spreadsheet will automatically be replotted.
The same data can be plotted in an alternative organization, as shown below, by: Chart tools: design: data:
Switch row/column
Pre-training Post-training 0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Mean Aerobic Capacity Pre and Post Training for Both Sexes
males females
Maximum Aerobic Capacity (ml/kg/min)
Non-parametric test – Chi Squared Chi Squared analysis
See sample data in Excel lesson data worksheet.
Organize table of Actual Observations
Calculate table of Expected Observations (using absolute and relative addresses) Expected responses = (column total x row total) / N
Use function: CHITEST (use function help if needed) Function returns probability
Note that you can copy the first Chi Squared test you build, and use it as a template for additional questions.
