PROCEEDINGS OF THE
30th IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL
11 -13 December 1991
Metropole Hotel Brighton, England
IEEE Control
Systems Society
Volume 1 of 3
91CH3076-7
TECHNICAL PROGRAM
-WEDNESDAY Wednesday Plenary Session
8:30-9:30 Plenary
Glover K., Univ Cambridge UK Chairs: Antsaklis P.J., Univ Notre Dame USA Atherton D.P., Univ Sussex UK 10:00-12:00 Sessions W1-
W1-1 System Representations: A Behavioral 8:30-9:30
Framework Plenary Speaker: Glover K., Univ Cambridge UK
W1-2 Robustness Under Parametric Uncertainties -1 Title: Robust Paradigms
W1-3 Nonlinear Stabilization
W1-4 Discrete Event Dynamic Systems -1
W1-5 Mechanical Systems W1-1
W1-6 Neural Networks: Control System Representations: A Behavioral Framework W1-7 Hqo Optimal Control -1
W1-8 Design of Linear Control Systems -1
W1-9 Optimal Control and Nonsmooth Analysis Organizers: Antoulas A.C., Rice Univ USA
W1-10 Identification for Control Weiland S., Rice Univ USA
W1-11 Decentralized Control Chairs: Weiland S., Rice Univ USA
W1-12 Adaptive Control in Robotics Antoulas A.C., Rice Univ USA
1:30-3:30 Sessions W2- 10:00-10:20
W2-1 Algebraic and Geometric Advances from On Linear Recursive Modelling (I) 2
Linear to Nonlinear Systems Antoulas A.C., Rice Univ USA
W2-2 Robustness Under Parametric Uncertainties
-II Willems J.C., Univ Groningen NETHERLANDS W2-3 Nonlinear Systems -1
W2-4 Control of Markov Processes 10:20-10:40
W2-5 Applications -1 Equivalence of Representations for
aClass of
W2-6 Panel Discussion: Neural Networks in Control Nonstationary Processes (I) 3
Systems Schumacher J.M., CWI-Centre for Math.and Comp Science
W2-7 Ho, Optimal Control
-II NETHERLANDS
W2-8 Multivariable Systems
10:40-10:50 W2-9 Optimal Control -1
W2-10 New Directions in Linear System Identification -1 The Realization Problem for Non-Causal Systems (I) 9 W2-11 Estimation and Failure Detection Heij C, Erasmus Univ Rotterdam NETHERLANDS
W2-12 Robotic Applications
10:50-11:00
4:00-6:00 Sessions W3- Irreducible Representation of L2-Signals 11
W3-1 Alternative Input / Output Representations Picci G., Univ di Padova ITALY
W3-2 Robust Adaptive Control -1 Pinzoni S., Univ Groningen NETHERLANDS W3-3 Nonlinear Systems
-II
11:00-11:20 W3-4 Control and Optimization of Queueing Systems -1
W3-5 Critical Issues and Open Problems in the Approximate Identification with Linear
Industrial Applications of Control Regression Models (I) 3108
W3-6 Neural Networks: Learning van den Hof P.M.J., Tech Univ Delft NETHERLANDS W3-7 Stability Analysis of Systems with Structured
11:20-11:40 Uncertainties
W3-8 Pole Placement and Stabilization Balanced Representations for
aW3-9 Optimal Control
-II Class of L2 Systems (I) 13
W3-10 New Directions in Linear System Identification
-II Weiland S., Rice Univ USA W3-11 Model Based Predictive Control
W3-12 Robotics
-11:40-11:50
Representations of Symmetric Linear
Dynamical Systems (I) 17
Fagnani F., Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa ITALY Willems J.C., Univ Groningen NETHERLANDS
11:50-12:00
Balanced Representations: A Functional Point of View (I)
Fuhrmann P.A., Ben Gurion Univ the Negev ISRAEL
Ober R., Univ Texas-Dallas USA
Chairs: Djaferis T.E., Univ Massachusetts USA Kraus F.J., ETH-Zurich SWITZERLAND
Chairs: Cook P., UMIST UK
Michalska H., Imperial College UK
10:00-10:20
Factorization and Smallest-Norm Roots of Multivariable
Polynomials in Robustness Analysis 19
El Ghaoui L, Bliman P.-A., ETCA/CREA/SP FRANCE
.25 10:20-10:40
On Robustness Analysis with Non-Diagonal Structured Uncertainty
Chen J., Fan M.K.H., Nett C.N., Georgia Inst Tech USA
10:40-11:00
Analysis and Filter Design for Strict Positive Realness of
Families of Polynomials 31
Tesi A., Zappa G., Univ Firenze ITALY Vicino A., Politecnico Torino ITALY
11:00-11:20
On the Strict and Wide-Sense Stability Robustness
of Uncertain Systems
-Application of a New
Frequency Criterion 37
Tsypkin Y.Z., Polyak B.T., Acad Sciences USSR Katbab A., George Washington Univ USA Jury E.I., Univ Miami USA
11:20-11:30
Robust Stability of Control Systems: Extreme Point Results
for the Stability of Edges 43
Kraus F.J., Mansour M., Truol W., ETH-Zurich SWITZERLAND Anderson B.D.O., Australian Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA
11:30-11:40
On the Robust Stability Analysis of
Multivariable Systems 45
Zhou K., Gu G., Louisiana State Univ USA
11:40-11:50
Avoidance and Intersection in the Complex Plane, a Tool for
Simultaneous Stabilization 47
Blondel V., Campion G., Gevers M., Univ Catholique de Louvain BELGIUM
11:50-12:00
Robust Nonnegative Stabilization of Interval
Discrete Systems 49
Shafai B., Northeastern Univ USA Hollot C.V., Univ Massachusetts .USA
10:00-10:20
Some Sufficient Conditions for the Semiglobal Stabilization of Globally Noninteractive Nonlinear Systems via Dynamic
State-Feedback 52
Battilotti S., Univ Studi Roma ITALY Dayawansa W.P., Univ Maryland USA
10:20-10:40
Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems 58 Fu J.-H., Wright State Univ USA
Abed E.H., Univ Maryland USA
10:40-11:00
Robust Receding Horizon Control 64
Mayne D.Q., Univ California-Davis USA Michalska H., Imperial College UK
11:00-11:10
On the Stabilizability of Multiple Integrators by Means of
Bounded Feedback Controls 70
Sussmann H.J., Yang Y., Rutgers Univ USA
11:10-11:20
Versions of Sontag's "Input to State Stability Condition"
and the Global Stabilizability Problem 73
Tsinias J., Nat'l Tech Univ GREECE
11:20-11:30
Receding Horizon Control for Nonlinear
Time-Varying Systems 75
Vinter R.B., Michalska H., Imperial College UK
11:30-11:40
Stability Analysis for
aClass of Linear Controllers Under
Control Constraints 77
Dolphus R.M., Schmitendorf W.E., Univ Calif.-lrvine USA
11:40-11:50
Stabilizing Controllers for Systems With Sensor or Actuator Failures
Gundes A.N., Univ Calif.-Davis USA
11:50-12:00
Exponential Stablization Using Piecewise Constant Gain Adaptation
Ilchmann A., Univ Hamburg GERMANY
Owens D.H., Univ Exter UK
.81
.83
"WTT
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems -1
Chairs: Cao X.R., DEC USA
Kumar R„ Univ Kentucky USA
10:00-10:20
On the Complexity of Forbidden State Analysis for
Controlled Marked Graphs
Magott J., Polytech Warsaw POLAND
Holloway L.E., Krogh B.H., Carnegie-Mellon Univ USA
10:20-10:40
Supervisory Design Using Petri Nets
Giua A., DiCesare F., Rensselaer Polytech Inst USA
.85
.92
10:40-11:00
Using Predicate Transformers for
Supervisory Control
Kumar R., Garg V., Marcus S.I., Univ Texas USA
11:00-11:20
Optimizing Discrete Event Dynamic Systems via
the Gradient Surface Method
Ho Y.-C, Shi L, Dai L, Harvard Univ USA
Gong W.-B., Univ Massachusetts USA
11:20-11:40
Application of Descent Algorithms with Armijo Stepsizes to Simulation-Based Optimization
of Queueing Networks
Wardi Y., Lee K., Georgia Inst Tech USA
11:40-11:50
Fixed Utilization Perturbation Analysis
Logsdon J.B., Gluck J.W., Univ Illinois-Chicago USA
11:50-12:00
Dynamic Routing in Delay networks: Ergodicity,
Transients and Large Excursions Boel R.K., Univ Gent BELGIUM
.98
.104
.110
.116
.118
"WTT
Mechanical Systems'
Chairs: Williams T., Univ Cincinnati USA Walker D., Univ Leicester UK
10:00-10:20
Adaptive Control of
aclass of Mechanical Sys¬
tems using Linearization and Lyapunov
methods. A comparative study on the overhead
crane example 120
d'Andrea-Novel B., Boustany F., Ecole des Mines de Paris FRANCE
10:20-10:30
A Full-Flight-Envelope High-Bandwith Rotorcraft
Flight-Control System 126
Walker D., Postlethwaite I., Univ Leicester UK
10:30-10:40
Discrete Time Control Laws for A High
Performance Helecopter 128
Walker D., Postlethwaite I., Univ Leicester UK
10:40-11:00
Collision Avoidance in a Multiple-Robot System Using Intelligent Control and Neural Networks 130 Shin K.G., Cui X., Univ Michigan USA
11:00-11:20
On the Control of
aTwo Dimensional Multi-Link Inverted Pendulum: Co-ordinate System Suitability for
Dynamic Formulation 136
Larcombe P.J., Univ Glasgow UK
11:20-11:30
Adaptive Multi-Sensor Integration in Uncertain
Environment with Imperfect Sensors 142 Hong L, Wright State Univ, USA
11:30-11:40
Feedback Controlled Satellite Angular Momentum:
On the Analytic Solution of the Angular Velocity 144 Siguerdidjane H.B., Ecole Sup.d'Electr.FRANCE
11:40-11:50
Flexible Robot Identification Using
Nonparametric Techniques 146
Krzyzak A., Concordia Univ CANADA Sasiadek J., Carleton Univ CANADA
11:50-12:00
Nonlinear Stabilizing Control Law With a Dynamical High Gain Observer, Application
to Mechanical Process 148
Chorot T., DeLeon M.J., Univ Claude Bernard FRANCE
W1-6
Neural Networks: Control
Chairs: Warwick K., Univ Reading UK
Denham M„ Polytechnic South West UK
10:00-10:20
A Study of Dynamic Behavior of
aRecurrent
Neural Network for Control
Kim A., Wu C.-H., Northwestern Univ USA
10:20-10:40
A Dead-Zone Approach in Nonlinear Adaptive
Control Using Neural Networks Chen F.-C, Nat'l Chiao Tung Univ ROC
.150
.156
10:40-11:00
Neuromorphic Sensing and Control
-Applications
to Position, Force and Impact Control for
Robotic Manipulator 162
Fukuda T., Shibata T., Kosuge K., Arai F., Tokita M., Mitsuoka T., Nagoya Univ JAPAN
.168
.170
.172 11:00-11:10
Sensory-Motor Control of Intelligent Robots Using Oscillatory Neural Networks
Denham M.J., Patel S., Polytechnic South West UK
11:10-11:20
Multilevel Control of Dynamical Systems Using
Neural Networks
Narendra K.S., Mukhopadhyay S., Yale Univ USA
11:20-11:30
A Nonlinear Receding Horizon Controller Based
onConnectionist Models
Sbarbaro D., Hunt K.J., Univ Glasgow UK
11:30-11:40
Multi-Layer Neural Networks for the Solution of Generalized Nonlinear Terminal Control Problems
Parisini T., Zoppoli R., Univ di Genova ITALY
11:40-11:50
Neural Network-Based Identification and Adaptive
Control of Nonlinear Systems: A Novel Dynamical
Network Architecture and Training Policy 180 Karakazoglu A., Sudharsanan S.I., Sundareshan M. K., Univ Arizona USA
11:50-12:00
Learning Control of
anInverted Pendulum Using a
Neural Network
*Ishida T., Univ Ryukyus JAPAN Shiokawa N., Okinawa NEC JAPAN
.174
~WTT
10:40-11:00
The Robust H^ Control Problem:
A Worst Case Design
Stoorvogel A.A., Eindhoven Univ Tech NETHERLANDS
11:00-11:20
Fast and Numerically Robust Algorithm for Computing the Hx Optimum
Gahinet P., INRIA FRANCE
Pandey P., Univ California-Berkeley USA
11:20-11:30
Robust Ho,, Disturbance Minimization by Duality.
Owens J.G., Zames G., McGill Univ CANADA
11:30-11:40
Super-Optimization For
aClass of Four- Block Problems
Nyman P.-O., UnivTwente NETHERLANDS
.194
.200
.206
.210
.212
.214
Hoo Optimal Control -1
11:40-11:50
Properties of Algebraic Riccati Inequalities and H0 Robust Sub-Optimal Controller Design
Shen T., Tamura K., Sophia Univ JAPAN
11:50-12:00
Hoo and H2 Optimal Controllers for Periodic and Multi-Rate Systems
Voulgaris P.G., Dahleh M.A., Valavani L.S., MIT USA
W1-8
Design of Linear Control Systems
-Chairs: Koumboulis F.N., Nat'l Univ Athens GREECE Syrmos V.L., Univ Hawaii -Manoa USA
10:00-10:20
A General Compensator Synthesis Approach for
Generalized Systems Using (C;E,A;B)-Pairs Syrmos V.L., Univ Hawaii-Manoa USA Lewis F.L., Univ Texas-Arlington USA
.217
Chairs: Limebeer D.J., Imperial College UK
Sideris A., California Inst of Tech USA
10:00-10:20
A Non-Iterative Method for Computing the Infimum in
Hoo-Optimization 182
Chen B.M., Washington State Univ USA
Saberi A., Ly U.-L, Univ Washington USA
10:20-10:40
Constrained H* Optimization: A Design Example 188 Rotstein H., Sideris A., California Inst Tech USA
10:20-10:40
Linear Systems with Single Saturated Input:
Stability Analysis 223
Suarez R., Alvarez J., Univ Metropol Iztapalapa MEXICO
10:40-11:00
Internal Model Control and Disturbance Observers 229 Gorez R., Galardini D., Zhu K.Y., Univ Cath Louvain BELGIUM
11:00-11:20
A Comparison of Loop Shaping Techniques 235
Sparks A.G., Banda S.S., Yeh H.H., WRDC/FIGC Wright-
Patterson USA
11:20-11:30
Quasi-Perfect Tracking Control of Non-Minimal wi-10
~Phase Systems 241 Identification for Control
Torfs D., Swevers J., De Schutter J., Univ Leuven BELGIUM
11:30-11:40
On Output Frequency-Weighted
Controller Reduction 245
Yang J.-S., Univ Minnesota USA
11:40-11:50
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for
aNonminimum Phase Plant to Have
aRecoverable Target Loop
-A
Stable Compensator Design for LTR 248
Chen B.M., Saberi A., Washington State Univ USA Sannuti P., Rutgers Univ USA
W1-9
Optimal Control and Nonsmooth Analysis"
Organizers: Goodwin G.C., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA Kosut R.L, Integrated Systems Inc.USA
Chairs: Goodwin G.C., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA Kosut R.L., Integrated Systems Inc.USA
10:00-10:20
Model Quality: The Roles of Prior Knowledge and
Data Information (I) 273
Hjalmarsson H., Ljung L., Wahlberg B., Linkoping Univ SWEDEN
10:20-10:40
H2 Iterative Model Refinement and Control
Robustness Enhancement (I) 279
Zang Z., Bitmead R.R., Gevers M., Australian Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA
Organizers: Vinter R.B., Imperial College UK
Frankowska H., Univ de Paris-Dauphine FRANCE Chairs: Vinter R.B., Imperial College UK
Frankowska H., Univ de Paris-Dauphine FRANCE
10:00-10:20
Existence of Solutions in Dynamic Optimization (I) 250
Clarke F.H., Univ de Montreal CANADA
10:20-10:40
Free Time Optimal Control Problems with Active
State Constraints (I) 255
Rowland J.D.L, Vinter R.B., Imperial College UK
10:40-11:00
Optimization of Differential Inclusions by
Finite Differences (I) 257
Mordukhovich B., Wayne State Univ USA
11:00-11:20
Free Time Problems with Endpoint Constraints:
A Dynamic Programming Approach (I) 263
Vinter R.B., Imperial College UK
11:20-11:40
Lower Semicontinuous Solutions to Hamilton-
Jacobi-Bellman Equation (I) 265
Frankowska H„ Univ de Paris-Dauphine FRANCE
11:40-12:00
Controllability and Sensitivity of Control Problems
with Respect to Time Delay (I) 271
Clarke F.H., Wolenski P., Louisiana State Univ USA
10:40-11:00
Optimal Model Order Selection and Estimation of Model
Uncertainty for Identification with Finite Data (I) 285 Goodwin G.C., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA
Gevers M., Univ Louvain BELGIUM Ninness B., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA
11:00-11:20
Robust Control Design for Ellipsoidal Plant Set 291
Lau M.K., Boyd S., Stanford Univ USA Kosut R.L., Integrated Systems Inc.USA
Franklin G.F., Stanford Univ USA
11:20-11:30
Adaptive Robust Control: On-Line Learning (I) 297 Anderson B.D.O., Australian Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA
Kosut R.L, Integrated Systems Inc.USA
11:30-11:40
Conservatism of the Gap Metric 299
Hsieh G.C., Safonov M.G., Univ Southern California USA
11:40-12:00
Multivariable Process Identification Based
onFrequency Domain Measures (I) 303
Zhu Y.C., IPCOS, Datex BV NETHERLANDS
Backx A.C.P.M., Eykhoff P., Eindhoven Univ NETHERLANDS
W1-11
Decentralized Control
Chairs: Ozguner U., Ohio State Univ USA Misra P., Wright State Univ USA
10:00-10:20
Reliable Decentralized Stabilization of Feedforward
and Feedback Interconnected Systems 309
Unyelioglu K.A., Ozguler A.B., Bilkent Univ TURKEY
10:20-10:40
Some Issues in Decentralized Control of
Nonlinear Systems 315
Schoenwald DA, Ozguner U., Ohio State Univ USA
10:40-11:00
Decentralized Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems
with Bounded Uncertainties 321
Han M.C., Chen Y.-H., Georgia Inst Tech USA
11:00-11:20
Parallel Design of Suboptimal Regulators for Singularly
Perturbed Systems with Multiple-Time Scales 327 Wang Y.-Y., Frank P.M., Univ Duisburg GERMANY
11:20-11:40
Decentralized Exponential Stabilization of Deterministic and Stochastic Large Scale Systems: A
Unified Approach 333
Feng Z.-S., Liu Y.-Q., South China Univ Tech PRC
11:40-11:50
Decentralized Stabilization of Linear Time-Invariant
Distributed Parameter Systems 339
Unyelioglu K.A., Ozguler A.B., Bilkent Univ TURKEY
11:50-12:00
Overlapping Decentralized Control 341 Iftar A., Univ Toronto CANADA
W1-12
Adaptive Control in Robotics"
Chairs: Khosla P.K., Carnegie Mellon Univ USA
Lozano Leal R., Lab d'Auto de Grenoble FRANCE
10:00-10:20
A New Approach to Control Elastic Joint Robots with
Application to Adaptive Control 343
Nicosia S., Tomei P., Seconda Univ Roma ITALY
10:20-10:40
Adaptive Control of Deburring Robots Based
onHuman Skill Models 348
Liu S., Asada H., Massachusetts Inst Tech USA
10:40-11:00
Trajectory Following Robust Adaptive Control of Flexible
Joint Manipulators 354
Al-Ashoor R.A., Khorasani K., Patel R.V., Al-Khalili A.J., Concordia Univ CANADA
11:00-11:20
Adaptive Algorithms for Force/Position Control of Flexible Joint Manipulators wih Holonomic Constraints 361
Brogliato B., Lab d'Automatique Grenoble FRANCE Lozano Leal R., Centro Invest y Estud Avanz MEXICO
11:20-11:40
Robust Variable Structure and Adaptive Control of
Single-Arm Dynamics 367
Chen L.-W., Papavassilopoulos G.P., Univ Southern California USA
11:40-11:50
Robust Speed-Gradient Adaptive Control Algorithms
for Manipulators and Mobile Robots 3095 Guser S.V., Fradkov A.L., Makarov I.A., Academy of Sciences USSR
W2-1
Algebraic and Geometric Advances from Linear to Nonlinear
Systems
Organizers: Sain M.K., Univ Notre Dame USA Perdon A.M., Univ di Padova ITALY Chairs: Perdon A.M., Univ di Padova ITALY Sain M.K., Univ Notre Dame USA
1:30-1:50
The Extended Interactor in the Study of Nonregular
Control Problems (I) 373
Herrera H.A.N., Lafay J.F., CNRS Nantes FRANCE
Zagalak P., Czech.Academy of Sciences CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1:50-2:10
Pole Zero Conservation Results for Nonminimal
Systems (I) 378
Schrader C.B., Rice Univ USA
Sain, M.K., Univ Notre Dame USA
2:10-2:30
Block Noninteracting Control with Pole Assignment of
Linear Periodic Systems (I) 384
Graselli O.M., Seconda Univ di Roma ITALY Longhi S., Univ di Ancona ITALY
2:30-2:40
Small (A,B)-lnvariant Subspaces in Disturbance
Decoupling Problems (I) 390
Conte G., Univ di Ancona ITALY Perdon A.M., Univ de Padova ITALY
2:40-2:50
Qualitative Theory for Dynamical Systems with
Saturation Nonlinearities (I) 392
Michel A!N., Sain M.K., Univ Notre Dame USA
2:50-3:10
On the Algebraization of Nonlinear Control (I) 394
Hammer J., Univ Florida USA
3:10-3:30
Equivalence of Nonlinear Systems Under Dynamic
State Feedback (I) 400
Di Benedetto M.D., Univ di Roma "La Sapienza" ITALY
Glumineau A., Moog C.H., CNRS Nantes FRANCE
Robustness Under Parametric Uncertainties
-II
Chairs: Hollot C, Univ Massachusetts USA
Djaferis T.E., Univ Massachusetts USA
1:30-1:50
To Stabilize
anInterval Plant Family it Suffices to
Simultaneously Stabilize 64 Polynomials 406 Djaferis T.E., Univ Massachusetts USA
1:50-2:10
Matrix Pencil and Matrix Measure Methods for Robust
Stability in Real Parameter Spaces 411 Wang M., Lee E.B., Boley D., Univ Minnesota USA
2:10-2:30
On the Stability Robustness of Additively Perturbed
Interconnected Systems 416
Wu Q.-H., Mansour M., ETH Zurich SWITZERLAND
2:30-2:50
Robust Strict Positive Realness: New Results for Interval
Plant Plus Controller Families 421
Vicino A., Politecnico Torino ITALY Tesi A., Univ Firenze ITALY
2:50-3:10
Vertex-Like Design Methods for Systems With Real
Parameter Uncertainty 427
Djaferis T.E., Univ Massachusetts USA
3:10-3:20
Criteria for Schur Stability and D-Stability of
aFamily of Polynomials Constrained with lp-Norm 433
Joya K., Furuta K., Tokyo Inst Tech JAPAN
3:20-3:30
Extremal Properties for the Parametric Robust
Performance Problems 435
Dahleh M., Univ California-Santa Barbara USA Tesi A., Univ Firenze ITALY
Vicino A., Politecnico Torino ITALY
W2-3
"Nonlinear Systems -T
Chairs: Sussmann H.J., Rutgers Univ USA
Bensoussan D., Ecole de Tech Super CANADA
1:30-1:50
Limits of Highly Oscillatory Controls and the Approximation of General Paths by
Admissible Trajectories 437
Sussmann H.J., Liu W., Rutgers Univ USA
Discretization Schemes for Nonlinear Singularly
Perturbed Systems 443
Barbot J.P., Monaco S., Univ Roma ITALY
Normand-Cyrot D., Pantalos N., CNRS/ESE FRANCE
2:10-2:30
Suboptimal Synthesis of Nonlinear Control Systems
*Trigul M.V., Kharkov Eng Pedagogics Inst USSR
2:30-2:40
A Nonlinear Standard Problem 449
Bensoussan D., Ecole de Tech Super CANADA
2:40-2:50
A Constructive Approach to Algebraic Observability 451
Germundsson R., Forsman K., Linkoping Univ SWEDEN
2:50-3:00
A Simple and Robust Nonlinear Estimator 453 Deza F., Shell Recherche FRANCE
Gauthier J.P., Univ Claude Bernard FRANCE
3:00-3:10
Some Results About Nonlinear Regularly
Persistent Observers 455
DeLeon M.J., Chorot T., Univ Claudi Bernard FRANCE
3:10-3:20
On Observers for
aClass of Nonlinear Systems 457
DeLeon M.J., Chorot T., Univ Claude Bernard FRANCE
W2-4
Control of Markov Processes
Chairs: Marcus S.I., Univ Texas USA
Shwartz A., Technion ISRAEL
1:30-1:50
Guaranteed Performance Regions for
Markov Models 459
Shimkin N., Shwartz A., Technion ISRAEL
1:50-2:10
Aggregation-Disaggregation Algorithm for Epsilon2- Singularly Perturbed Limiting Average Markov
Control Problems 465
Abbad MM Filar J.A., Univ Maryland-Baltimore USA
2:10-2:30
Optimal Index Policies for MDPs with
aConstraint 471 Makowski A., Univ Maryland USA
Shwartz A., Technion ISRAEL
2:30-2:50
Analysis and Algorithm for the Stochastic Control Problem
of
aProduction / Storage System 477
Ribeiro do Val J.B., Felix Salles J.L, Univ Campinas BRAZIL
2:50-3:00
Monte Carlo Summation Applied to Multichain
Queueing Networks 483
Ross K.W., Wang J., Univ Pennsylvania USA
3:00-3:10
Markov Decision Models with Weighted
Discounted Criteria 485
Feinberg E.A., SUNY Stony Brook USA Shwartz A., Technion ISRAEL
3:10-3:20
Optimal Control of Finite State Markov Processes
Under Counting Observations 487
Shin D.R., Verriest E.I., Georgia Inst of Tech USA
3:20-3:30
Perturbation Theory for Semi-Markov
Control Problems 489
Filar J.A., Abbad M., Univ Maryland-Baltimore USA
W2-5
"Applications -1
Chairs: Owens D.H., Univ Exeter UK Gautier M., LAN/ENRS FRANCE
1:30-1:50
Exciting Trajectories for the Identification of Base Inertial
Parameters of Robots 494
Gautier M., Khalil W., Lab d'Auto de Nantes FRANCE
1:50-2:10
Dynamic Simulation of Robot Manipulators at High
Sampling Rates 500
Zomaya A.Y., Univ Western Australia AUSTRALIA Morris AS., Univ Sheffield UK
2:10-2:30
Robotic Heterogeneous Multi-Sensor Fusion with Spatial
and Temporal Alignment 506
Bruder S., Farooq M., Royal Military College CANADA Bayoumi M.M., Queen's Univ CANADA
2:30-2:40
Structural Motion Control Using Modal
Energy Transference 512
Osegueda R.A., Nemir D.C., Univ Texas-El Paso USA
2:40-2:50
An Extension to the Pseudo Control Strategy with Application to
anEigenstructure Assignment Yaw
Pointing/Lateral Translation Control Law 515 Sobel K.M., City College of New York USA
2:50-3:00
A Fast Algorithm for
aStabilizing Receding
Horizon Controller 517
Chisci L, Mosca E., Zengl S., Univ di Firenze ITALY
3:00-3:10
Global Stabilization of Unstable Ship Dynamics for Course
Keeping Using PD Control 519
Neuffer D., Univ Stuttgart GERMANY
Owens D.H., Pourzanjani M.M.A., Univ Exeter UK
W2-6 Panel Discussion:
Neural Networks in Control Systems
Organizers: Narendra K.S., Yale Univ USA Antsaklis P.J., Univ Notre Dame USA
Moderators: Narendra K.S., Yale Univ USA
Antsaklis P.J., Univ Notre Dame USA
1:30-3:30
Panel Discussion
Fukuda T., Nagoya Univ JAPAN
Michel A.N., Univ Notre Dame USA Morris J., Univ Newcastle-Tyne UK
Slotine J.J., Mass Inst Tech USA
Sontag E.D., Rutgers Univ USA
Warwick K., Univ Reading UK
W2-7
H,, Optimal Control-IT
Chairs: Postlethwaite I., Univ Leicester UK Tits A.L., Univ Maryland USA
1:30-1:50
Convex Analysis of Discrete-Time Uncertain
Control Problems 521
Peres P.L.D., Geromel J.C., Souza S.R., Univ Campinas BRAZIL
1:50-2:10
Robust Hx Filtering for
aClass of Uncertain
Periodic Systems 527
Xie L, de Souza C.E., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA Fragoso M.D., Nat's Lab Scientific Computing BRAZIL
2:10-2:30
An Ha Based Loop Shaping Method and ^-Synthesis 533 Geddes E.J.M., Postlethwaite I., Univ Leicester ENGLAND
2:30-2:40
Small Gain Versus Positive Real Modeling of Real
Parameter Uncertainty 539
Bernstein D.S., Harris Corp.USA
Haddad W.M., Florida Inst of Tech USA
Hyland D.C., Harris Corp., USA
2:40-2:50
Structured Uncertainty and the Graph Topology 541
Vinnicombe G.p Univ Cambridge UK
2:50-3:00
Hx
-Optimization With Regard to Transient Behavior 543
Engell S., Univ Dortmund GERMANY
3:00-3:10
Graphs of Linear Systems and Stabilization 545 Sefton J.A., Ober R.J., Univ Texas-Dallas USA
3:10-3:20
On Continuity/Discontinuity of Robustness Indicators 547 Lee L, Tits A.L., Univ Maryland USA
3:20-3:30
Robust Performance in H2 / Optimal Control 549 Steinbuch M.f Philips Research Labs NETHERLANDS
Bosgra O.H., Delft Univ Tech NETHERLANDS
W2-8
Multivariate Systems
Chairs: Munro N., UMIST UK O'Reilly J., Univ Glasgow UK
1:30-1:50
Balancing Matrix Factorization via Gradient Flow
Techniques and the Singular Value Decomposition 551
Perkins J.E., Helmke U., Univ Regensburg GERMANY
Moore J.B., Australia Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA
1:50-2:10
On Blocking Zeros and Strong Stabilizability of Linear
Multivariable Systems 557
Chen B.M., Saberi A., Washington State Univ USA Sannuti P., Rutgers Univ USA
3:10-3:20
Disturbance Rejection With Simultaneous Triangular
Decoupling of Linear Time Invariant Systems 581
Koumboulis F.N., Paraskevopoulos P.N., Tzierakis K.G.,
Nat.Tech Univ Athens GREECE
King R.E., Univ Patras, GREECE
3:20-3:30
Cascade Control of
aProcess Plant Using Predictive
and Multivariable Control 583
Maciejowski J.M., Cambridge Univ UK
Fletcher I., French I., Sunderland Poly UK Urquhart T., Cambridge Control Ltd UK
W2-9 Optimal Control -1
Chairs: Green M., Australian Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA Pearson J.B., Rice Univ USA
1:30-1:50
Minimax Controller and Filter Designs for Discrete-Time Linear Systems under Soft-Constrained Quadratic
Performance Indices 585
Didinsky G., Basar T., Univ Illinois CSL USA
1:50-2:10
TheH2 Problem for Sampled-Data Systems 591 Bamieh B., Pearson J.B., Rice Univ USA
2:10-2:30
A Two-Riccati, Feasible Algorithm for Guaranteeing
Output La Constraints 596
Zhu G., Skelton R.E., Purdue Univ USA
2:30-2:50
Optimal Reduced Order Models with Delay 602
Halevi Y., Technion ISRAEL
2:10-2:30
Stabilization, Parametrization, and Decoupling Controller Design for Linear Multivariable Systems 563
Lin C.-A., Hsieh T.-F., Nat'l Chiao-Tung Univ ROC
2:30-2:50
The Parametrization of All Controllers that Achieve Output
Regulation and Tracking 569
Lambrechts P.F., Bosgra O.H., Delft Univ Tech NETHERLANDS
2:50-3:10
Structural Issues Underlying thePerformance of 2-
Input 2-Output Multivariable Systems Using Individual
Channel Design 575
Leithead W.E., Univ Strathclyde UK O'Reilly J., Univ Glasgow UK
2:50-3:10
Maximal Symmetric Periodic Solution and Monotonicity Properties for
aGeneralized Periodic Riccati
Differential Equation 608
Fragoso M.D., Nat's Lab Scientific Computing BRAZIL
de Souza C.E., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA
3:10-3:20
Second Order Necessary Conditions in
Optimal Control 613
Stefani G., Zezza P., Univ di Firenze ITALY
3:20-3:30
Parallel Processing in Optimal Control 615
Sinha P.K., Jiang J.P., Ho P.L, Hinton J.C., Univ Reading UK
W2-10
~"
New Directions in Linear System identification -1
Chairs: Georgiou T.T., Univ Minnesota USA
Khargonekar P.P., Univ Michigan USA
1:30-1:50
Maximum Entropy Identification and Min-Max
Optimal Prediction 617
Georgiou T.T., Shankwitz C.R., Univ Minnesota USA
1:50-2:10
Optimal Asymptotic Identification Under
Bounded Disturbances 623
Tse D.N.C., Dahleh M.A., Tsitsiklis J.N., MIT USA
2:10-2:30
Robust Identification of Stabilizable Systems 629 Partington J.R., Univ Leeds UK
Makila P.M., Univ Abo FINLAND
2:30-2:50
A Class of Algorithms for Identification in Hx 634 Gu G., Louisiana State Univ USA
Khargonekar P.P., Univ Michigan USA
2:50-3:10
Robust Estimator Design Using n Synthesis 640
Dowdle J.R., Appleby B.D., VanderVelde W., Mass. Inst, of Tech., Draper Lab USA
3:10-3:20
A Linear, Robust and Convergent Interpolator
Algorithm for Quantifying Model Uncertainties 646 Raman S., Bai E.-R., Univ Iowa USA
3:20-3:30
Interval Identification of Linear Systems With Bounded Errors in Both Input and Output Variables 648
Sotirov G., Tech Univ BULGARIA Shafai B., Northeastern Univ USA
W2-11
Estimation and Failure Detection
— =— =====
=/
Chairs: Benveniste A., IRISA/INRIA FRANCE Davis M.H., Imperial College UK
1:30-1:50
An Optimum Robust Approach to Statistical Failure
Detection and Identification 650
Wahnon E., Alcatel Alsthom Recherche FRANCE Benveniste A., IRISA/INRIA FRANCE
El Ghaoui L, ETCA/CREA/SP FRANCE Nikoukhah R., INRIA-Rocquencourt FRANCE
1:50-2:10
Interrelations Between Continuous and Discrete
Lattice Filter Structures 668
Feuer A., Technion ISRAEL
Weller S.R., Goodwin G.C., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA
2:10-2:30
An Approach to Robust Residual Generation
and Evaluation 656
Ding X., Frank P.M., Univ Duisburg GERMANY
2:30-2:50
Hidden Markov Model Signal Processing in Presence of Unknown Deterministic Interferences 662
Krishnamurthy V., Moore J.B., Chung S.-H., Australian Nat'l Univ
AUSTRALIA
2:50-3:00
Clustering Algorithms for Bayesian Fault Detection
in Linear Systems 674
Davis M.H.A., Lasdas S., Imperial College UK
Salmond D.J., Royal Aero. Estab. UK
3:00-3:10
Nonparametric Estimation of Discrete-Type Hammer-
stein Systems With Application to Tactile
Sensor Identification 676
Krzyzak A., Concordia Univ CANADA Wojcik P., Alberta Reseach Council CANADA
W2-12
Robotic Applications"
Chairs: Tzes A.P., Polytechnic Univ New York USA Jamshidi M., Univ New Mexico USA
1:30-1:50
Microprocessor-Based Control of Autonomous Mobile
Robots with Obstacle Avoidance 678
Huang H.-P., Lee P.-C, Nat'l Taiwan Univ ROC
1:50-2:10
Impedance Control for Hazardous Waste
Handling Applications 684
Colbaugh R., Glass K., New Mexico State Univ USA Jamshidi M., Univ New Mexico USA
2:10-2:30
Exponential Stabilization of Mobile Robots with Non-
Holonomic Constraints 692
Canudas de Wit C, Lab d'Automatique Grenoble FRANCE
Sordalen O.J., Norwegian Inst Tech NORWAY
2:30-2:50
Navigation and Control of
aMobile Robot Among
Moving Obstacles 698
Hu H., Brady M., Probert P., Univ Oxford ENGLAND
2:50-3:00
Modelling and Control of
aMarine Robot Arm 704
Liceaga-C. E., Qiao H., Univ Strathclyde UK Liceaga-Castro J., Univ Glasgow UK
3:00-3:10
Rule-Based Tuning for Control of
Flexible-Link Manipulators 706
Yurkovich S., Passino K.M., Garcia-Benitez E., Ohio State Univ USA
3:10-3:20
A Comparison of Control Stategies for Force-
Constrained Cooperating Robots 708
Duelen G., Munch H., Zhang Y., Fraunhofer-lnst GERMANY
3:20-3:30
A Blackboard Architecture for Autonomous Synthesis of
Dexterous Manipulation 710
Ananthanarayanan S.P., Goldenberg A.A., Mylopoulos J., Univ
Toronto CANADA
W3-1
Alternative input / Output Representations
Organizers: Fiiess M.( CNRS-ESE FRANCE
Sontag E.D., Rutgers Univ USA Chairs: Fiiess M., CNRS-ESE FRANCE
Sontag E.D., Rutgers Univ USA
4:00-4:20
Inputs, Outputs, Interconnections, and Feedback (I) 712
Willems J., Univ Groningen NETHERLANDS
4:20-4:40
Nonlinear Observability, Identifiability, and
Persistent Trajectories 714
Diop S., CNRS-UCB FRANCE Fiiess M., CNRS-ESE FRANCE
4:40-5:00
Integral I/O Equations for Nonlinear Systems (I) 720 Wang Y., Florida Atlantic Univ USA
Sontag E.D., Rutgers Univ USA
5:00-5:20
Input-Output Representations From
Characteristic Sets (I) 726
Glad ST., Linkoping Univ SWEDEN
5:20-5:40
Observation Spaces for Implicit Input/
Output Systems (I) 731
Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue F., CNRS-SUPELEC FRANCE Crouch P.E., Arizona State Univ USA
5:40-6:00
A Simplified Approach of Crane Control Via
aGeneralized State-State Model (I) 736
Fiiess N., Levine J., Rouchon P., Ecole de Mines de Paris FRANCE
W3-2
Robust Adaptive Control -1
Chairs: Landau I., LAG-ENSIEG FRANCE
loannou P.A., Univ Southern California USA
4:00-4:20
Robust Continuous Time Adaptive Control by
Parameter Projection 742
Naik S.M., Kumar P.R., Univ Illinois CSL USA Ydstie B.E., Univ Massachusetts USA
4:20-4:40
Performance Improvement Versus Robust Stability in
Model Reference Adaptive Control 748
Datta A., loannou P.A., Univ Southern California USA
4:40-5:00
Robustness of Extended Least Squares Based
Adaptive Control 754
Naik S.M., Kumar P.R., Univ Illinois CSL USA
5:00-5:10
Some Remarks
onthe Robustness of Adaptive
Pole Assignment 760
Polderman J.W., Univ Twente NETHERLANDS Mareels I., Australian Nat'l Univ AUSTRALIA
5:10-5:20
On the Performance of the Recursive Least Squares
Method in the Presence of Bounded Disturbances 762 Gunnarsson S., Linkoping Univ SWEDEN
5:20-5:30
Switching Adaptive Systems 764
Narendra K.S., Yale Univ USA
5:30-5:40
Structural Multivariable Estimation 765
Duong H.N., Landau I.D., ENSIEG FRANCE
5:40-6:00
Application of Hysteresis Switching in Parameter
Adaptive Control 767
Morse A.S., Yale Univ USA
Mayne D.Q., Univ California-Davis USA Goodwin G.C., Univ Newcastle AUSTRALIA
W3-3
Nonlinear Systems "HT
Chairs: Rugh W.J., Johns Hopkin Univ USA Shamma J.S., Univ Minnesota USA
4:00-4:20
Input-Output Pseudo-Linearization 773
Lawrence D.A., Rugh W.J., Johns Hopkins Univ USA
4:20-4:40
On the Nonlinear System Identification of a Class of
Bilinear Dynamical Models 778
Karray F., Univ British Columbia CANADA
Dwyer T.A.W., Univ lliinois USA
4:40-5:00
An Identification Method for the Wiener Model of
Nonlinear Systems 783
Hu D.-W., Wang Z.-Z., Changsha Inst Tech PRC
5:00-5:20
Fading Memory and Necessity of the
Small Gain Theorem 788
Shamma J.S., Zhao R., Univ Minnesota USA
5:20-5:30
A Push/Pop Phenomenon for Nonlinear Systems 794 Shamma J.S., Univ Minnesota USA
5:30-5:40
Extending Linear Subsystems of
Nonlinear Systems 796
Xu Z., Hunt L.R., Univ Texas-Dallas USA
5:40-5:50
Construction of Lyapunov Functions Using
Grobner Bases 798
Forsman K., Linkoping Univ SWEDEN
5:50-6:00
On the Identification of Additive Nonlinear Systems 800
Pawlak M., Univ Manitoba CANADA
W3-4
Control and Optimization of Queueing Systems -1
Chairs: van Schuppen J.H., CWI-Centre for Math.& Computer
Sci. NETHERLANDS
Anantharam V., Cornell Univ USA
4:00-4:20
The Input-Output Map of
aMonotone Discrete Time
Quasireversible Node 803
Anantharam V., Cornell Univ USA
4:20-4:40
Optimality of Static Routing Policies in Queueing
Systems with Blocking 809
Sparaggis P.D., Towsley D.F., Cassandras C.G., Univ Massachusetts USA
4:40-5:00
Optimal Distributed Policies for Choosing Among
Multiple Servers 815
Stamoulis G.D., Tsitsiklis J.N., MIT USA
5:00-5:20
Optimal Flow Control Allocation Policies in
Communication Networks with Priorities 821 Bournas R.M., Beutler F.J., Teneketzis D., Univ Michigan USA
5:20-5:30
Two Stability Problems in Wireless Communi¬
cation Networks 828
Tassiulas L., Ephremides A., Univ Maryland USA
5:30-5:40
Extremal Properties of the Shortest Non-Full Queue and the Longest Non-Full Queue Policies in Capacity Systems with
State-Dependent Service Rates 829
Sparaggis P.D., Towsley D.F., Cassandras C.G., Univ
Massachusetts USA
5:40-5:50
Threshold Policies Minimizing Customer Mean Flow Time in
Simple (out-free) Queueing Networks 831
Aicardi M., Minciardi R., Pesenti R., Univ di Genova ITALY
5:50-6:00
Performance Analysis of Multibus Multi¬
processor Systems 833
Lim J.-T., Korea Adv.lnst of Sci.& Tech KOREA
W3-S
—Critical Issues and Open Problems in the Industrial Applications of Control
Organizers: Benveniste A., IRISA-INRIA FRANCE Astrom K.J., Lund Univ Tech SWEDEN Chairs: Benveniste A., IRISA-INRIA FRANCE
Astrom K.J., Lund Univ Tech SWEDEN
4:00-4:10
Introduction
*Benveniste A., IRISA-INRIA Rennes FRANCE
4:10-4:30
Critical Issues and Open Problems in the Design of
Large Information Processing Systems (I)
*Ruget G., Thomson-CSF-BSD FRANCE
4:30-4:50
Critical Issues and Open Problems in the Design of Large Transportation Automation Systems (I) 835
Daclin E., Thomson-GEC-Alsthom FRANCE
4:50-5:20
Knowledge Based Approaches Versus Mathematical Model Based Algorithms: The Case of Speech
Recognition (I) 841
Mariani J., LIMISI-CNRS FRANCE
5:20-6:00
Panel Discussion
Moderator: Benveniste A., IRISA-INRIA Rennes FRANCE Astrom K., Lund Univ Tech SWEDEN
Cohen G., CAI Ecole des Mines FRANCE Daclin E.Thomson-GEC-Alsthom FRANCE Mariani J., LIMISI-CNRS FRANCE
Ruget G., Thomson-CSF-BSD FRANCE
W3-6
Neural Networks: Learning
Chairs: Lemmon M., Univ Notre Dame USA
Berenji H.R., NASA Ames Research Center USA
4:00-4:20
A Learning and Forgetting Algorithm in Associative Memories: The Eigenstructure Method
Yen G., Michel A.N., Univ Notre Dame USA 847
4:20-4:40
DIGNET: A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Automatic Pattern Recognition and Classification
Thomopoulos S.C.A., Pennsylvania State Univ USA
Bougoulias D.K., Southern Illinois Univ USA 853
4:40-5:00
Inversion of Linear Square Systems by Learning 859
Lucibello P., Univ Studi "La Sapienza" ITALY
W3-7
Stability Analysis of Systems with Structured Uncertainties
Organizers: Hinrichsen D., Univ Bremen GERMANY Pritchard A.J., Univ Warwick UK Chairs: Pritchard A.J., Univ Warwick UK
Hinrichsen D., Univ Bremen GERMANY
4:00-4:20
Stability Radii and Global Stability of
Difference Systems (I) 877
Kharitonov V.L, Faculteit PM-PU Leningrad USSR
4:20-4:40
Robust Stability and Performance Analysis of
Sampled-Data Systems (I) 881
Sivashankar N., Khargonekar P., Univ Michigan USA
4:40-5:00
The Spectrum and Eigenspace Structure of Linear
Uncertain Systems 887
Colonius F., Univ Augsburg GERMANY Kliemann W., Iowa State Univ USA
5:00-5:20
Stability Margin for Multilinear Interval Control (I) 894 Chapellat H., Schlumberger FRANCE
Keel L.H., Tennessee State Univ USA Bhattacharyya S.P., Texas A&M Univ USA
5:00-5:10
A New Formulation of the Learning Problem for a Neural
Network Controller 865
Ruano A.E.B., Jones D.I., Univ Wales UK
Fleming P.J., Univ Sheffield UK
5:10-5:20
Adaptive Classification and Control-Rule Optimisation Via a Learning Algorithm for Controlling a Dynamic System 867 Huang R„ Fogarty T.C., Bristol Polyt. UK
5:20-5:30
A Neural-Network-Based System
Identification Technique 869
Stubberud A., Wabgaonkar H., Univ Calif.-lrvine USA Stubberud S., Univ Calif.-Santa Barbara USA
5:30-5:40
On the Stationary State of Topological^ Ordered
Competitive Learning 871
Lemmon M., Univ Notre Dame USA
5:40-5:50
System Identification Using Neural Networks 873
Zhang C.Q., Moore K.L., Idaho State Univ USA
5:50-6:00
Neural Network Approach to 2-D Kalman Filtering
in Image Processing 875
Dzielinski A., Skoneczny S., Warsaw Univ Tech POLAND
5:20-5:30
Robust Stability of Linear Infinite-Dimensional Time-Varying Systems With Respect to Multiperturbations (I)
*Hinrichsen D., Univ Bremen GERMANY Pritchard A.J., Univ Warwick UK
5:30-5:40
Qualitative Analysis of a Family of Linear Time-Varying
Differential Equations (I)
*Mastrapa H.G., Univ de Oriente CUBA
5:40-6:00
Lyapunov Functions for Systems Described by High Order
Differential Equations 900
Willems J.C., Univ Groningen NETHERLANDS
W3-8
Pole Placement and Stabilization
Chairs: Kucera V., Czech Academy of Sciences CZECHOLSLOVAKIA
Karcanias N., The City Univ UK
4:00-4:20
Properties of the Pole Placement Map 905
Levintides J., Karcanias N., City Univ UK
4:20-4:40
Stabilization via Static Output Feedback 910 Trofino Neto A., Federal Univ Santa Catarina BRAZIL
Kucera V., Czech Acad Sciences CZECHOSLOVAKIA
4:40-5:00
About Quadratic Stabilizability of Generalized
Linear Systems 914
Arzelier D., Bemussou J., Garcia J.M., LAAS/CNRS FRANCE
5:00-5:10
Linear Periodic Systems, Their Eigenvalues, Choice of
Parameters, Simulation
*Taft V.A., Freedland L, Dastic Inc USA
5:10-5:20
On Pointwise Stabilization of Multi-Link Beams
*Gnedin A.V., Ruhr Univ GERMANY
5:20-5:30
A New Application of Infinite Eigenvalue Assignment in
Generalized State-Space Systems 921
Fang C.-H., Nat'l Kaohsiung Inst of Tech ROC
5:30-5:40
Element-by-Element Weighting of Optimal Closed-Loop
Transfer Functions 923
van