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(1)Siemens Solution. Siemens. Siemens Solution. Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3. SBS - Siemens Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Equipment BTSE BSC TRAU D900/D1800SSS - Switching Subsystem D900/D1800SSS Architecture Line/Trunk Group LTG Data Service Unit DSU Switching Network SNB Signaling System Network Control SSNC Coordination Area Summary D900/D1800SSS Operation & Maintenance. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 3 4 14 22 27 28 32 38 40 46 50 54 57. 1.

(2) Siemens. 2. Siemens Solution. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(3) Siemens. Siemens Solution. 1. SBS - Siemens Base Station System Siemens Solution NSS. SBS. Network Switching Subsystem. LMT Local Maintenance Terminal. LMT T. BTSE. Um. Base Transceiver Station Equipment. MS Mobile Station. LMT. T Abis. BSC. T Asub. Base Station Controller. TRAU Transcoding & Rate Adaptation Unit. A. MSC Mobile Services switching Center. O. OMS-B Operation & Maintenance Subsystem for the BSS. SBS Siemens Base Station system Fig. 1. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 3.

(4) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SBS – Siemens Base Station system The BSS consists in the SBS solution of the Base Station Controllers BSC, Base Transceiver Station Equipment BTSE, Transcoding & Rate Adaptation Unit TRAU and the Local Maintenance Terminal LMT. The following SBS description is based on BR5.5.. 1.1. Base Transceiver Station Equipment BTSE. The BTSE comprise the entire radio equipment in a given site for a single cell (OmniCell) or a group of cells (Sector Cells), each of which (as a BTS) is characterized by its own particular Base Station Identification Code BSIC. The BTSE is interfaced to the MS in the cells it serves via the open interface Um and to the BSC via the proprietary Abis interface. For local O&M an LMT can be connected to the BTSE via proprietary T-interface. The BTSE is responsible for the reliable transmission of user data & signaling via the Um interface. Central functions of the BTSE are:. 4. l. Forward Error Correction FEC, i.e. encoding & interleaving of the data for Um transmission. l. (De-) ciphering to prevent eavesdropping. l. Burst building. l. HF-generation (400 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz range). l. Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying GMSK Modulation. l. Filtering & Amplification. l. Frequency Hopping (optional). l. Synchronization of the transmission in time and frequency. l. Transmission & Reception. l. Monitoring & optimization of transmission quality. l. Handover Recognition. l. Transmission of Measurement Reports to the BSC for Handover decision. l. Power Control PC. l. Timing Advance TA. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(5) Siemens. Siemens Solution. The BTSE Overview functions. Um. · connected via Um / Abis / T to MS / BSC / LMT · comprises entire radio equipment in a given site · serves 1 / several BTS, i.e. Omni / Sector - Cell(s) · central functions: – reliable transmission via Um: FEC (encoding & interleaving) – (De-) ciphering – Burst building – HF-generation – GMSK Modulation – Filtering & Amplification – Frequency hopping – Synchronization (time & frequency) –Transmission & Reception – Monitoring & optimization of transmission quality – Handover Recognition – Measurement Reports to BSC – Power Control PC – Timing Advance TA. Abis. T. BSC. LMT. Fig. 2. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 5.

(6) Siemens. Siemens Solution. The BTSE family Siemens offers a large variety of BTSE variants for flexible and cost-efficient network configuration. The BS11, BS20/21/22 (BS2x) and BS60/61 (BS6x) are the classical BTSE variants, the BS240/241/242 (BS24x), BS82 and BS40/41 (BS4x) are new variants. All BTSE are compatible on Abis-level. The BS11 (Micro-BTS) is used for outdoor applications, e.g. for micro-cells (out of production). The BS2x and BS6x encompass all “standard” types with a maximum capacity of up to 2 or 6 TRXs for both indoor or outdoor applications. The internal architecture is very similar. The BS2x family with up to 2 TRX per rack can be supplied in 3 versions: l. BS20 for indoor installation. l. BS21 for outdoor installation. l. BS22 for indoor & outdoor applications in confined spaces. The BS6x family with up to 6 TRX per rack can be supplied in 2 versions: l. BS60 for indoor installation. l. BS61 for outdoor installation. The new BS24x offers highest modularity and flexibility, low volume per carrier , minimized power consumption and costs. The BS24x platform is the basis for the migration strategy to UMTS (GSM, GPRS, EDGE). The modular HW/SW concept and mechanical handling will be identical. The BS4x family and the BS82 (eMicro) are derived from the BS24x platform . The BS24x family with up to 24 TRX is available in the following versions: l. BS240 for indoor installation. l. BS241 for outdoor installation. l. BS242 (Pico-BTS) for indoor installation consists in a spit BTS architecture with a core part called Server and up to 24 remote TRXs called Agent.. The BS4x family with up to 4 TRX is available in the following versions: l. BS40 for indoor installation. l. BS41 for outdoor installation. The BS82 (eMicro) with up to 8 TRX (indoor & outdoor installation) addresses all kinds of micro cellular applications.. 6. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(7) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BTSE family BS Indoor Outdoor max.. TRX/BTSE max.. 11. BS2x family. 20. 21. 22. 40 x. x. x x. x x. BS4x family. 41. BS6x family. 60. 240. x. 82 x x. 61. x x. BS24x family. 241. x. 242 x. x. 2. 2. 2. 2. 4. 4. 6. 6. 8. 24. 24. 24. 2. 2. 2. 2. 4. 4. 6. 6. 8. 12. 12. 12. x x x. x x. x x x x. x x. x x x. x x x. x x x x. x x x x. x x. x x x x. x x x x. x x x. TRX/cell GSM900 GSM1800 GSM1900 GSM-R. u.s.. Size. “suitcase”. Remarks. Micro BTS. u.s.. x. u.s. u.s.. u.s. u.s.. “Server”. 1 Rack. 1 Rack. (from BS 24x). 1 Rack. 1/2 Racks. 1 Basic Rack, + £ 24 2 Extension remote “Agents” Racks (TRX). eMicro BTS. smaller size. Pico BTS. New: U.s.: under study from: TED-BSS A30808-X3247-H10-1-7618 07/2000; for BR 5.5. • more flexibility combining carrier/cell • easier rack extension • based on BS24x family. Fig. 3. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 7.

(8) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BS240: Units & Modules The new BS24x and BS4x family are based on the same HW platform (same modules). The fully equipped BS240/241 consists of one Base Rack, 2 Extension Racks and 2 Service Racks; it is expandable up to 24 TRX (each Base / Extension Rack with up to 8 TRX). In the following the BS240 is described. Base & Extension Racks are equipped in the same way with: l. Antenna Combiner ACOM. l. Multi Coppler MUCO. l. Carrier Unit CU. l. Alarm Collector Terminal ACT. The Base Rack additionally contains the Core modules: l. Core Basis COBA2P8. l. Core Satellite COSA6P16. The Service Racks contain the AC/DC modules, battery backup and the Line Equipment LE. Core Modules: COBA & COSA COBA & COSA modules are responsible for local control of the BTSE, generation of the system clocks, providing of up to 8 Abis-interfaces (PCM30/24) to BSC or other BTSEs, routing of the Abis data to up to 24 CUs, providing an interface to the LMT and handling & processing of O&M messages. For redundancy the core modules can be duplicated. Core Basis COBA2P8 The COBA is the central board of the core. The functionality of the advanced clock generation ACLK and the Base Core Controller BCC of the entire BTSE are integrated. 2 PCM30/24 Abis interfaces and 8 interfaces to CUs are available on COBA2P8. The BCC maintains the SW of all BTSE units in Flash-EPROM, supervises the SW download and terminates all internal system alarms. Beside the O&M functions the BCC handles the signaling messages between BSC (Abis) and CUs (CU-link).. 8. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(9) Siemens. Siemens Solution. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. DC_Panel ACT_C. ON. Antenna Combiner ACOM A C O M. 0. 1. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. A C O M. A C O M. A C O M. A C O M. 2. 3. 0. 1. MUCO 1. 3. MUCO 0. 2. CU CU 6. 7. CU CU 2. 3. 0. CU CU. 1. ON. ON. ON. BS-240. ON. DC_Panel ACT_C. A C O M. A C O M. A C O M. A C O M. 2. 3. 0. 1. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. 4. 5. CU CU 0. Core Satellite COSA6P16. Air inlet. Extension Rack. 1. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. CU CU. 7 Core6Basis COBA2P8. CU CU 2. 3. ON. A C O M. A C O M. 2. 3. Air inlet. Air inlet. Air inlet. CU CU. ON. s. Alarm Collector DC_Panel Terminal ACT ACT_C. Air inlet. Air inlet. CU CU. ON. MUCO 1. ON. MUCO 0. A C O M. ON. BS-240. COBA 0 COSA 0 COBA 1 COSA 1. ON. s. MUCO 0. BS-240. MUCO 1. s. D: 450 mm. W: 600 mm. BS 240: units & modules. Multi Coppler MUCO. CU CU 6. 7. H: 1600 mm. Air inlet. Carrier Unit CU CU CU 4. Air inlet. Base Rack. 5. CU CU 0. CU CU. 1. 4. 5. Air inlet. Extension Rack. Service Racks: AC/DC modules, battery & LE. LE: Line Equipment. Fig. 4. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 9.

(10) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Core Satellite COSA6P16 For interface and feature extension the COBA can be expanded with one COSA. The COSA6P16 module offers 6 PCM30/24 interfaces for Abis and 16 interfaces to CUs. The COSA is controlled from the COBA. Antenna Combiner ACOM / Multi Coppler MUCO For the UL & DL transmission of data the Duplexer Amplifier MultiCoupler DUAMCO can be used. Furthermore, for DL transmission the Filter Combiner FICOM (DL only) can be used. In this case, for the UL reception the DI Amplifier Multi Coupler DIAMCO (UL only) can be used. Duplexer Amplifier Multi Coupler DUAMCO The DUAMCO can be used in UL & DL direction. It combines up to 4 TRX to one antenna. It contains filters in order to combine the transmit path TX and the receiving path RX to one antenna connector. The RX path consists of a low noise amplifier LNA and a power splitter. The TX path consists of isolators, a hybrid coupler and an antenna supervision unit ASU. The DUAMCO has 2 different operation modes: the AMCO mode where no Tower Mounted Amplifier TMA is used, and the MUCO mode in case a TMA is used. Filter Combiner FICOM The FICOM can be used in DL direction only. It combines up to 8 TRX of one rack to one antenna using remote tunable narrowband filters. For the UL direction (RX) the DIAMCO has to be used to filter and distribute the received signals to the CUs. DI(=2) Amplifier MultiCoupler DIAMCO The DIAMCO can be used in UL direction only. It contains receive filters, low noise amplifiers LNAs and power splitters. Thus it filters the received signals and distributes them to the CUs. For DL direction, the FICOM has to be used.. 10. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(11) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Alarm Collector Terminal ACT. BS 240 Modules same modules used in BS240/241 & BS40/41 Carrier Unit CU Data conversion: Abis « Um: • DL: TRAU frames ® RF signals • UL: 2 RF signals* ® TRAU frames • up to 8 TRX / rack. s. BS-240 ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. ON. DC_Panel ACT_C. ON. FAN. FAN. A C O M. A C O M. 0. 1. A C O M. A C O M. 2. 3. FAN. FAN. • central Core board • Clock & Core controller • 2 PCM30/24 • 8 CU Interfaces. MUCO 1. 3. CU CU 6. 7. FAN. CU CU 0. 1. FAN. Air inlet. Multi Coppler MUCO DI(=2) Amplifier MultiCoupler DIAMCO: • UL only (needs FICOM for DL) • filters & amplifies received signals •distributes to the CUs. Air inlet. COBA 0 COSA 0 COBA 1 COSA 1. Core Basis COBA2P8. 2. MUCO 0. Core: COBA & COSA CU CU. Antenna Combiner ACOM Duplexer Amplifier Multi Coupler DUAMCO (DL & UL): • combines up to 4 carrier to 1 antenna • amplifies received signals Filter Combiner FICOM (DL only): • combines up to 8 frequencies in DL • remote tunable narrowband filters • needs DIAMCO for UL. Air inlet. • local BTSE control • generating system clock • Abis Interface (BSC / BTSEs) • routing Abis data ® CUs • LMT Interface • processing O&M messages • redundancy optional. • collect alarms (units without Core access) • external alarms e.g. rack/shelter, operator alarms,.. • internal alarms e.g. door, fans. CU CU 4. 5. Core Satellite COSA6P16 • COBA extension • 6 PCM30/24 • 16 CU Interfaces. *antenna diversity. Fig. 5. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 11.

(12) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Alarm Collector Terminal ACT The ACT contains the interface to the external alarms (Operator / rack / shelter alarms) and collects internal alarms (door, fans, different operator-defined rack/shelter internal alarms). The alarms are delivered to the Core. Tower Mounted Amplifier TMA The TMA connects the antenna with the BTSE in order to amplify the receive signal and pass through the transmit signal. Carrier Unit CU The CU takes care for all carrier oriented tasks of the BS240, i.e. the conversion of data between Abis and Um interface. In UL direction two RF signals (antenna diversity) are received and finally converted into TRAU frames (16 kbit/s) and signaling data. In DL direction TRAU frames and signaling data are received and converted into a GMSK modulated RF signal, which is amplified to the desired power level. Up to 8 CU can be placed into one Base / Extension Rack, i.e. up to 8 TRX are supported by one rack. The CU consists of the subunits: Power Amplifier & Transceiver Unit PATRX, Signal Processing Units SIPRO and Power Supply Unit PSU. PATRX provides the main analogue functions of the CU. In UL direction it receives the 2 (diversity) RF signals from the antenna combining equipment, downconverts them and transmits them to SIPRO. In DL direction it receives the GMSK modulated signal from SIPRO. The signal is then I/Q modulated, upconverted leveled, power amplified and transmitted to the antenna combining equipment. PATRX supports synthesizer frequency hopping and provides an RF loop between DL and UL path for the unit test of the CU. SIPRO contains all digital functions of the CU: UL & DL Signal Processing, (Encoding, Interleaving, Ciphering, Burst building), Control of RF on PATRX, Baseband & Synthesizer hopping, Channel Control, Radio Link Control, O&M parts relevant for CU, Link to Core via CC link. Additionally, some analogue functions are located on SIPRO: A/D & D/A conversion, Local CU clock.. 12. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(13) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Carrier Unit CU. CU. RX input TX output. PATRX. SIPRO. Power Amplifier & Transceiver Unit. Signal Processing Unit. provides the main analogue CU functions: • UL: De-Modulation of 2 signals (diversity) • DL: Modulation, power amplified & transmitted to DUAMCO / FICOM • supports synthesizer frequency hopping. contains all digital CU functions: • UL & DL Signal Processing (Encoding, Interleaving, Ciphering, Burst building) • Control of RF on PATRX • Baseband & Synthesizer hopping • Channel Control • Radio Link Control • O&M parts relevant for CU • Link to Core. CC Link (to COBA / COSA). analogue functions: • A/D conversion • D/A conversion • Local CU clock. PSU Power Supply Unit. -48V. Fig. 6. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 13.

(14) Siemens. 1.2. Siemens Solution. BSC. The BSC is the central component of the SBS. It is responsible for the BSS control, switches the connections between TRAUs and BTSEs, handles the Radio Resource Management RRM, is the central contact to the OMC-B and stores the BSS database. In BR5.5 the BSC has a dynamic capacity of up to 2000 Erlang and a static port connection capacity of up to 46 PCM30 lines. Due to its compact design, occupying a volume of only 259 l and due to its low power dissipation (less than 475 W), the BSC operates without any fans or air conditioning system. Consequently, the operator has a choice of locating the BSC centrally in telecommunications rooms or remotely in a shelter or in a confined space. The BSC can then act as a concentrator for the links between the Abis and Asub interfaces. In BR5.5 the BSC supports many additional features / customer benefits, e.g.:. 14. l. Hierarchical Cellular Structures HCS with speed-sensitive Handover HO algorithms. l. Emergency calls with priority. l. Data services (in-call modification, automatic fax,...). l. SMS, SMS-Cell Broadcast Service. l. Easy system upgrade by means of full SW download. l. Full Rate FR, Half Rate HR, Enhanced Full Rate EFR speech codecs. l. High Speed Circuit Switched Data HSCSD (9.6/14.4 kbit/s; max. 4 TS). l. Advanced Speech Call Items ASCI (Voice Broadcast Service VBS, Voice Group Call Service VGCS). l. General Packet Radio Services GPRS (CS1 & CS2; max. 7 TS). TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(15) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BSC functions BSC functions:. B T S E. • BSS control • Switching: TRAU Û BTS • Radio Resource Management RRM • Contact to OMC-B • Database storage (SW download). Abis. Support of (BR 5.5): • HCS with speed-sensitive HO algorithms • Emergency calls with priority • data services (in-call modification, automatic fax,...) • SMS, SMS-CBS • Speech codecs: FR, HR, EFR • HSCSD (9.6/14.4 kbit/s; max. 4 TS) • ASCI (VBS, VGCS) • GPRS (CS1/2, max. 7 TS). ASCI: Advanced Speech Call Items CBS: Cell Broadcast Service CS: Coding Scheme HCS: Hierarchical Cellular Structure VBS: Voice Broadcast Service VGCS: Voice Group Call Service. Asub. T. T R A U. LMT. OMC-B. Fig. 7. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 15.

(16) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BSC: Link Configuration The BSC supports various BSC-BTSE configurations: l. Star: each BTSE connected by a link for its own. l. Multidrop Chain: various BTSEs are connected to one BSC using a common link, which helps to save leased line costs by increasing the usage of 2 Mbit/s links. The allocation and re-allocation of timeslots on the link is freely configurable.. l. Loop: a single link passes from the BSC via various BTSEs in one chain and behind the last one back to the BSC. If the link is interrupted anywhere in the chain, the system can survive this failure without degradation of service and without disrupting stable calls, as it automatically detects the fault and reconfigures the loop without manual interaction from the operator. In normal operation, the loop configuration works as a multidrop configuration with communication between BTSEs and BSC only in one direction around the loop.. l. Cross-Connection: The basic configuration types like star, multidrop and loop do not allow hub and spoke configurations which may be only realized with high leased line costs or with external cross-connect equipment. To save some of these equipment a cross connection functionality is integrated in the BTSE.. The TRAUs are always connected in Star configuration. BSC Capacity The BSC capacity in BR5.5 is:. 16. l. max. 2000 Erlang switching & processing capacity. l. max. 46 PCM30/24 lines, i.e. 20 PCMS (Asub) + 26 PCMB(Abis) with flexible PCMS lines configuration or. l. max. 36 PCM30/24 couples configurable on 9 QTLP. l. max. 20 TRAUs can be connected. l. max. 100 BTSE (sites). l. max. 150 BTS (cells). TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(17) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Link Configuration. Abis. Star. Asub. BTSE. BTSE TRAU. BTSE BTSE. Loop BTSE. BTSE. BSC. Star. A. MSC. TRAU. BTSE. T BTSE. BTSE. BTSE. Multidrop chain. T. Crossconnect BR. 5.5. Capacity [Erlang] max. PCM 30 max. TRAU max. BTSE max. BTS. 2000 46/36 20 100 150. O LMT. BTSE. OMC-B. Capacity. Fig. 8. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 17.

(18) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BSC Rack Configuration / HW Architecture The BSC is equipped with the following elements:. 18. l. Main Processor Control Card MPCC (Administrative Processor): the MPCC controls the SN on basis of TDPC messages; it handles traffic & performance measurement; it is responsible for: status & database administration, HW configuration, diagnostics & maintenance management, mass storage control, SW download, O&M interface control and TRAU control. 1+1 redundancy; hot stand-by. l. Universal Bus Extender board UBEX: the UBEX interfaces the MPCC to the network, PLLH, PPCCs & PPLDs, line interface.. l. Telephony Distribution Processor Circuit TDPC + Memory of the TDPC MEMT: the TDPC is responsible for message exchange with the other network entities via PPCC & PPLD; it handles all signaling function above MTP L2 and all application processes related to Call Control CC, Radio Resource management RR, Mobility Management MM and IMSI tracing; the MEMT is the TDPC memory extension & acts as mailbox for MPCC – TDPC message exchange; (1+1 redundancy; hot stand-by). l. Peripheral Processor for CCS7 PPCC: SS7 pre-processing (MTP L2) for signaling towards the MSC; 2 PPCC boards; load-sharing redundancy. l. Peripheral Processor for LAPD PPLD: responsible for handling of LAPD protocol used for signaling to BTSEs and TRAUs; 14 + 1 PPLD boards; n+1 redundancy.. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(19) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Lamp Panel. BSC Rack. X T L P. QTLP / DTLP Quad. / Dual Trunk Line Peripheral S: Spare (N+1 Redundancy). 8 76 P W R S. EXPANSION. X T L P S 5 432 1. X T L P. 0. PWRS P W R S. BASE. Mass storage. IXLT O & M Interface. XXX TTT LLL PPP. Rack Rackdimensions: dimensions: H: 2000 H: 2000mm mm W: W:600 600mm mm D: D:300 300mm mm. PPPP PPPP LL L L DDDD 11 1 21 0 9. PPP PPP LL L DDD. PPP P PPP W LLL R DDD S. 0 D K 4 0. I X L T. X XXPPP PP T T TPPP PP L L L CC L L L P PPCCD DD S 0 100102 10. P L L H. Peripheral Processor for SS#7. PLLH. P P L H. P W R S. 1. 1. USTM B NDE E X PM XXCT. MM PP CC CC. MT ED MP TC. 0 0 0000. 0 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1. SU NB XE XX. PPLD Peripheral Processor for LAPD. PPCC. 1. 87 6 543. Fuse and Alarm Panel. Power Supply. DK40. PP PP L L DD 1 1 4 3. XX TT LL PP. I X L T. D K 4 0. Clock Unit. SN 16 / 64 Switching Network. TDPC Telephony & Distributor Processor. & MEMT Memory of the TDPC. UBEX. MPCC. Universal Bus Extender board. Main Processor Control Boarda. Fig. 9. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 19.

(20) Siemens. Siemens Solution. l. Switching Network SN16 or SN64: the SN16 switches under control of the MPCC traffic connections between TRAU & BTSE and signaling between TDPC (via PPLDs & PPCCs) and external entities; it is able to set up bi-directional dynamic connections at 8 / 16 kbit/s (e.g. for HR / FR / EFR) and at n x 16 kbit/s. The SN64 (BR3.x or older) is not able to switch 8 kbit/s (e.g. HR). 1+1 redundancy; hot standby.. l. Phase Locked Loop High Performance PLLH: clock unit; 2 PLLH: master/slave configuration.. l. Interface to LMT/OMC-B IXLT: allows MPCC to be connected to the OMC-B via X.25 and to the LMT via proprietary T interface.. l. Mass Storage DK40: hard disk, containing copies of all BSS SW and all configuration data to allow fast restart without downloading from the OMC-B; 1 + 1 redundancy. l. Quadruple Trunk Line Peripheral board QTLP / Dual Trunk Line Peripheral board DTLP: the standard QTLP Line Interface board houses 4 dual PCM30/24 line interfaces; connecting Abis / Asub to the SN16; 9 + 2 QTLP redundancy. DTLP for BR3.0 and older: only 2 PCM30/24 line interfaces. l. Power Supply PWRS. For GPRS introduction, the Packet Control Unit PCU is co-located with the BSC. To incorporate the PCU (1 or 2 PCUs) into the BSC, 2 / 4 Peripheral Packet Control Units PPCU are placed instead of 4 / 8 PPLDs.. 20. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(21) Siemens. Siemens Solution. •9+2 • interfaces SN to Abis/Asub •4/2 PCM30/24. Clock PLLH. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. Switching Network. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. • SN16: HR & FR/EFR switching • SN64: FR only (BR3.x & older). GPRS: GPRS:. L A P D. P P L D. L A P D. P P L D. C C S 7. P P L D. P P C C. C C S 7. P P C C. TelephonyProcessors Processors Telephony MEMT TDPC MEMT TDPC. • LAPD processing • 14 + 1 redundancy. to LMT. L A P D. O&M O&M Interface Interface IXLT IXLT. to OMC. Internal Architecture. Line Termination QTLP/DTLP. SN16/ 64. 44/ /88PPLDs PPLDs are arereplaced replaced by byPCU PCUcards cards. BSC. Administrative Administrative Processor Processor MPCC MPCC ME2M UBEX UBEX. DK40 DK40. Peripheral Processors • MTP L2 processing. • signaling (>L2) with other nodes via PPCC, PPLD • handles CC, RR, MM processing. • controls SN (basis: TDPC messages) • traffic & performance measurement • responsible for: status & database administration, HW configuration, SW download, mass storage & O&M control,.... Fig. 10. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 21.

(22) Siemens. 1.3. Siemens Solution. TRAU. The TRAU is responsible for: l. Transcoding, i.e. the compression of speech data from 64 kbit/s (on A interface) to 13 / 12.2 / 5.6 kbit/s in the case of FR/EFR/HR speech coding. All the 3 speech coding are supported by the TRAU in BR5.5 (Triple Rate functionality).. l. Rate Adaptation in the case of data (Bearer Services, data Teleservices) transmission.. Signaling data are transmitted transparent through the TRAU. The TRAU consists of the following modules: l. BSC Interface board BSCI. l. MSC Interface board MSCI. l. Transcoding & Rate Adaptation Card TRAC. l. Power Supply PWRS. Transcoding & Rate Adaptation Card TRAC The TRAC is responsible for the central TRAU functions: Transcoding & Rate Adaptation. It is able to (de-)compress speech using FR, EFR and HR speech coding. Furthermore, the TRAC is performs VAD/DTX function. Each TRAC provides the processing of up to 24 TCHs (UL & DL). The TRAU is fully equipped with 6 TRACs, using an n+1 (5+1) redundancy. Therefore, the TRAU is able to process up to 120 TCHs (92 in GSM1900) totally.. 22. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(23) Siemens. Siemens Solution. TRAU functions TRAC 0 BSCI. B S C. Asub 1 PCM30 (PCM24). lines. BSC Interface board. TRAC 1. MSCI. A. MSC Interface board. TRAC 2 • central control • clock generator • multiplexing traffic from/to TRACs • LMT-link • 2 n redundant. T LMT DTX: Discontinuous Transmission VAD: Voice Activity Detection * GSM900/1800 (GSM1900). Transcoding & Rate Adaption Card. TRAC 3 TRAC 4 TRAC 5. •Speech compression FR, HR, EFR • Rate adaptation • VAD/DTX function • 5(4)* +1 redundancy. • LAPD processing toward BSC • multiplexing Traffic from/to TRACs • 2 n redundant. 4 PCM30. M S C. (PCM24). lines. TRAU functions: • Speech: (de-)compression • Data: Rate adaptation • Signalling: transparent Capacity: up to 120 (92)* channels. Fig. 11. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 23.

(24) Siemens. Siemens Solution. BSC Interface board BSCI The BSCI board provides the link to the BSC via Asub interface (1 PCM30/24), multiplexing the traffic from/to the TRACs. It houses the central TRAU controller, the BSC clock generator and the link to an LMT via proprietary T interface. The BSCI is duplicated; the non-active copy operates in “hot-standby” mode. MSC Interface board MSCI The MSCI board provides the connection to the MSC via A interface (4 PCM30/24), multiplexing the traffic to/from the TRACs. Furthermore, it is processing the LAPD protocol of the BSC control link. The MSCI is duplicated; the non-active copy operates in “hot-standby” mode.. TRAU Rack The rack dimensions are 2000 mm (height), 600 mm (width) and 300 mm (depth). The volume is 360 l, power consumption less than 476 W. Due to the low power consumption no fans are necessary for cooling. Up to four TRAU modules can be incorporated into one TRAU rack. Therefore, the maximum processing capacity is 480 TCHs.. 24. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(25) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Lamp Panel. TRAU Rack. Fuse & Alarm Panel 1. TRAU Unit 1. P W R S. T R A C. T R A C. TMB RSS ACC C I I. BMT SSR CCA I I C. T R A C. T R A C. P W R S. 0. 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 3 4 5. 1. Fuse & Alarm Panel 2. • max. 24 channels / TRAC. • max. 5 active TRAC Þ max. 120 channels / TRAU (GSM900/1800) (GSM1900: max. 92 channels). TRAU Unit 2 Fuse & Alarm Panel 3. TRAU Unit 3. Rack dimensions: H: 2000 mm W: 600 mm D: 300 mm. Fuse & Alarm Panel 4. TRAU Unit 4. Fig. 12. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 25.


(27) Siemens. Siemens Solution. 2. D900/D1800SSS - Switching Subsystem Siemens Solution BSS. SSS. External networks EIR*. HLR. AC. Equipment Identity Register. Home Location Register. Authentication Center. VLR Visitor Location Register. BSC Base Station Controller. MSC. A GCR*. Group Call Register*1. SSP*. Service Switching Point *2. *optional *1 for ASCI *2 for IN/CAMEL. PSTN / ISDN. Mobile services Switching Center. CT O. Craft Terminal. OMS-S. SC. Operation & Maintenance Subsystem for the SSS. Switch Commander. D900/D1800SSS Switching SubSystem. Description Description based basedon onCS1.0; CS1.0; SR9.0 SR9.0 (GPRS: (GPRS:PO1.0) PO1.0) CS: Circuit Switchedl PO: Packet Oriented SR: SW Release. Fig. 13. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 27.

(28) Siemens. 2.1. Siemens Solution. D900/D1800SSS Architecture. The following network elements determine the system architecture of the PLMN-SSS: Mobile-services Switching Center MSC, Visitor Location Register VLR, Home Location Register HLR, Authentication Center AC and Equipment Identification Register EIR (optionally). For the support of ASCI functions the MSC integrates a Group Call Register GCR and for IN/CAMEL support the Service Switching Function has to be included. The following description is based on the current Siemens solution for the CircuitSwitched CS branch of the GSM Core Network (CS1.0), with Software Release SR9.0. The GPRS part of the GSM CN (Packet-Oriented PO 1.0 / GPRS Release GR 2.0) is not part of this course. It is described in course TM2110 – “GPRS Introduction”. D900/D1800SSS HW Solution All the network elements of the PLMN-SSS are realized with D900/D1800SSS nodes, which are based on experienced EWSD technology. It is fully digital and modular with respect to software and hardware. A D900/D1800SSS node consists of a row of racks. There are two types of racks: the classic rack and the innovation rack. The racks are available in two height: 7 / 8 foot (2.13 m / 2.45 m). The classic rack is 770 mm width and 500 mm depth (incl. protective cover), the innovation rack 900 mm width and 600 mm depth. The rack is sub-divided into module frames, carrying special functional units. The module frames are equipped with modules. Combination of Network Elements MSC and VLR are always co-located (associated) in an SSS node, and HLR and AC are also always co-located in an SSS node. So there are SSS nodes with MSC/VLR and SSS nodes with HLR/AC functions. Furthermore, SSS nodes can combine MSC/VLR/HLR/AC functions. EIR are possible as stand-alone SSS nodes or in combination MSC/VLR/EIR, HLR/AC/EIR or MSC/VLR/HLR/AC/EIR. For ASCI services respectively IN/CAMEL functions the MSC is combined with GCR respectively SSP function.. 28. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(29) Siemens. Siemens Solution. D900/D1800SSS HW Architecture 0.77 m / 0.9 m * 0.5 m / 0.6 m * 2.13 m / 2.45 m. Rack Row. Combination Combinationof of Network Elements: Network Elements: ••MSC/VLR MSC/VLRalways alwaysassociated associated ••HLR/AC always HLR/AC alwaysassociated associated ••MSC/VLR/HLR/AC MSC/VLR/HLR/AC ••EIR: EIR:alone, alone,with withMSC/VLR MSC/VLRor orHLR/AC HLR/AC ••SSP (IN/CAMEL), GCR (ASCI) SSP (IN/CAMEL), GCR (ASCI)with withMSC MSC. Module Frame. Rack * Classic / Innovation Rack. Module. Fig. 14. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 29.

(30) Siemens. Siemens Solution. D900/D1800SSS: Block Diagram The D900/D1800SSS are based on a modular HW and SW concept. They contain the in the current SW version the following HW subsystems which are for the most part autonomous: l. Line/Trunk Groups LTG. l. Data Service Unit DSU. l. Switching Network SN. l. Signaling System Network Control SSNC (SSS innovation node) or. l. Common Channel signaling Network Control CCNC (SSS classic node). l. Coordination Area (incl. Coordination Processor CP). The LTGs connect the SSS node to the external world and contain several special functions necessary for PLMN operation. The DSU is included with interworking functions IWF to support data services. The Switching Network SN is used to switch-through user connections and signaling data. It is the link between the LTGs, CP and SSNC/CCNC. The Signaling System Network Control SSNC (innovation node) respectively the Common Channel signaling Network Control CCNC (classic node) is responsible for the control of SS7 signaling traffic. The Coordination Processor CP is the central element of the Coordination Area. It is responsible in the SSS network node for common functions such as coordination of the distributed peripheral microprocessor controls of the other subsystems and the data transfers between them. Furthermore, it performs common functions like call processing, operation and safeguarding.. 30. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(31) Siemens. Siemens Solution. D900/1800SSS: Block diagram. BSS. LTG Line/Trunk Group. SN. ISDN / PSTN. LTG. Switching Network. D900/1800SSS SM-SC, CSE, VMSC. LTG. Trunk Loop LTG. LTG. e.g. for MMC, lawful interception. Conference LTG e.g. for MPTY, ASCI services. DSU Data Service Unit. DAS Digital Announcement Systems. LTG LTG LTG. SSNC* high speed SS7 links. *classic node: CCNC (Common Channel Network Control) SM-SC: SMS Service Center CSE: CAMEL Service Environment VMSC: Voice Mail System Center CP: Coordination Processor. Signaling System Network Control. Coordination Area (CP). Fig. 15. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 31.

(32) Siemens. 2.2. Siemens Solution. Line/Trunk Group LTG. The various LTG control and supervise incoming and outgoing traffic with SS7 signaling to and from: l. the Base Station System BSS. l. other public networks, e.g. PSTN/ISDN or other PLMN. l. other D900/D1800 SSS network nodes. l. Short Message Service Centers SM-SC. l. Voice Mail System Centers VMSC. l. IN/CAMEL nodes (Service Control Point SCP / CAMEL Service Environment CSE). l. the Remote Access Server RAS for Mobile Internet Access MIA / Wireless Application Protocol WAP. Furthermore, the LTGs control call traffic for special functions, such as: l. Interworking function IWF in the DSU (for GSM data services). l. Digital Announcement Systems DAS in the MSC (for standard announcements). l. Trunk loop function for Mobile-Mobile-Calls MMC. l. Trunk loop function for calls with lawful interception. l. Conference function (in relation to the Multiparty MTPY services or ASCI services (VGCS, VBS)). The LTGs support all the usual signaling systems (e.g. SS7, MFC:R2) for calls to fixed networks. Since SS7 is mandatory within the GSM-PLMN, this is the predominant method. The LTGs furthermore contain a large variety of additional functions, e.g.. 32. l. Adaptation of Primary Digital Carrier PDC to internal SDC. l. Measurement of call duration and general traffic measurement. l. Insertion of tones and standard announcements (with OCANEQ digital announcement equipment or DAS Digital Announcement System). l. Duplication / re-assembly of data to / from both SN sides. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(33) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTG. LTG. Line/Trunk Group · control incoming & outgoing traffic to & from e.g.: – BSS – ISDN/PSTN, other PLMN – other D900/D1800SSS nodes – SM-SC – VMSC – IN/CAMEL nodes – RAS for MIA / WAP · controls traffic for special functions, e.g.: DSU – IWF for DSU – DAS in the MSC DAS – trunk loop function for MMC, lawful interception – conference function for MPTY, ASCI. SN. LTG LTG. T r u n k s. · other tasks, e.g.: – adaptation: PDC « SDC – traffic measurement / call duration – insert tones & standard announcements – duplicates data to both SN planes RAS: Remote Access Server MIA / WAP: Mobile Internet Access / Wireless Application Protocol *classic node: CCNC (Common Channel Network Control). LTG LTG LTG LTG SSNC* Coordination Area. Fig. 16. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 33.

(34) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTG Connections LTGs can be connected with Primary Digital Carriers PDC for a transmission rate of 2.048 Mbit/s (PCM30: 32 channels, each with 64 kbit/s). Every LTG can be connected with up to 4 PDC lines to external network nodes. The connections between the LTG and the SN are Secondary Digital Carriers SDC with a transmission rate of 8.192 Mbit/s (128 channels, each at 64 kbit/s). Each LTG is connected to both sides of the redundant SN. The LTG is responsible for the adaptation between the PDC and SDC carriers and for the duplication / re-assembly of the data to / from the SN. LTG Hardware Two different LTGs are used, depending on the application: l. LTGN, for all kinds of LTGs and subscriber lines and for the implementation of a conference LTG (MTPY / ASCI services), standard announcements LTG and IN/CAMEL user interaction LTG for internal IP. l. LTGG as IN/CAMEL user interaction LTG for internal IP. The LTGN is the product of a long evolution to reduce the amount of modules for one LTG: LTGB (2 frames), LTGG (1/2 frame), LTGM (1/5 frame) and LTGN (1/8 – 1/16 frame = 1-2 module). The LTGN has two capacity stages: Basics functions (1 module) and basics functions plus additional functions (1 module). The basic functions of the LTGN are implemented in Group Processor N GPN. Additional functions of the LTGN are accommodated when necessary on a second module, the functional unit Line/Trunk Unit: Supplementary LTU:S. The following additional modules are possible: l. Conference Unit C COUC (for MTPY & ASCI services),. l. Digital Echo Compensator DEC120,. l. Operationally Controlled Equipment for Announcement OCANEQ (can replace from SR9.0 the DAS for all available announcements in the MSC) and. l. Voice Processing Unit VPU (for analysis of received speech commands and conversion into control commands for IN/CAMEL).. Only one additional module can be accommodated in the LTU:S in each case.. 34. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(35) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTG Connections / Hardware. 0 3. ••. LTG. ••. LTG. PDC. LTG LTGHardware: Hardware:. Primary Digital Carrier: 2.048 Mbit/s. (current (currentversion; version;1-2 1-2modules) modules). (32 x 64 kbit/s channels). • •LTGN LTGN. • •LTGM, LTGM,LTGG, LTGG,LTGB LTGB. SN SN1. SN0 SN1. SDC Secondary Digital Carrier: 8.192 Mbit/s (128 x 64 kbit/s channels). (old (oldversions: versions:1/5, 1/5,1/2, 1/2,22frames) frames). LTGN: LTGN:22capacity capacitystages stages Basic functions Basic + additional functions 1 module =. GPN Group Processor N. GPN: basic functions. LTU:S Line/Trunk Unit: Supplementary. • Conference Unit for MPTY, ASCI • Digital Echo Compensator • Announcement machine to replace DAS • Voice processing unit for speech recognition. Fig. 17. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 35.

(36) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTGN (GPN) Block Diagram The basic functions of the LTGN comprise a single functional unit which is divided up into task-related parts. The basic functions of the LTGN are implemented in Group Processor N GPN. The basic functions of the GPN are realized by the: l. Group Processor GP- part. l. Signaling Link Control SILC- part. l. Code Receiver CR- part. l. Digital Interface Unit DIU- part. l. Group Switch GS- / Line Interface Unit LIU- / Tone Generator TOG- part. l. Group Clock Generator GCG- part and the. l. Input/Output Processor IOP- part. The GP-part matches the incoming information from the surrounding network node area to the internal message format of the system and controls all the parts within the GPN. To do this it has interfaces to the IOP part (controls: DIU, CR, GCG, GS/LIU/TOG and SILC part) and the LTU:S as well as to the controls on the front panel of the module. IOP part with SILC part: The IOP part controls the DIU, CR, GCG, GS/LIU/TOG and SILC part. The SILC part functions as Input/Output processor. The SILC part is used to connect a number of signaling channels via which either the protocol for DSU or the ISDN D-channel protocol for primary access can be handled. On the LTG side, the SILC part completes the L2-functions of signaling protocols (GP part – peripheral unit). GS/LIU/TOG part: The GS interconnects the DIU, TOG, CR and SILC and connects them to the LIU. The LIU is used to connect the duplicated SN (SN0 & SN1) to the LTG. The TOG provides programmed tones. The CR part provides 16 signaling receivers for the LTG call processing. The DIU part includes connection facilities for 4 PCM30 lines. The GCG part provides the clock for the speech data and for the signaling on the LTGN.. 36. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(37) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTGN (GPN) block diagram. GPN. DIU part Digital Interface Unit • connecting up to 4 PDC lines. LTU:S. CR part Code Receiver • provides signaling receivers for LTG call processing. GCG part Group Clock Generator • provides clock for PCM30 / PCM24. SILC part. IOP part. Signaling Link Control. Input/Output Processor. • input/output processor • L2 function. •controls DIU, CR, GCG, GS/LIU/TOG & SILC for GP part. GS/LIU/TOG part Group Switch / Line Interface Unit / Tone Generator • GS: interconnects DIU, TOG, CR and SILC & connects them to SN; switches from external PDC to internal SDC • LIU: duplicates LTG data to both SN halves • TOG: provides test tones. SN0 SN1. GP part Group Processor • controls all GPN parts (DIU, CR, GCG, GS/LIU/TOG, SILC via IOP part) • matches incoming information (from surrounding network node area) to internal message format. Fig. 18. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 37.

(38) Siemens. 2.3. Siemens Solution. Data Service Unit DSU. An Interworking Function IWF has been implemented for the D900/D1800 SSS nodes MSC/VLR to support data telecommunication services (bearer services BS and data teleservices TS). This entails the availability of “transparent” and “nontransparent” network support control functions for data transmission. The IWF guarantees compatible connections between two users of the corresponding BS or data TS. The IWF is implemented in the DSU, in the CP and LTG (GP/GPN). By introducing a general BS, the facility allows to use all available data rates of the BS group and not just one. Moreover, the BS20 offers the HSCSD facility which consists of the following two parts: combination of several Time Slots TS for one call and uses of the new Coding Scheme CS with 14.4 kbit/s. DSU Hardware The DSU consists of: l. Digital Line Unit System DLUS. l. Interworking Equipment high speed IWE:HS with integrated “baby modem”. The DLUS is responsible for the DSU control and clock generation, handles information exchange with the IWF:LTG and includes a bus distributor function to connect DLUS with the peripheral functional units of the IWE:HS. The IWE:HS determines the DSU application; it is responsible for the data interworking. One IWE per data connection is looped in for the users of BS and data TS. Two IWEs are looped into the MSC for an MMC. The IWE:HS supports HSCSD channel combining and CS with 14.4 kbit/s.. 38. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(39) Siemens. Siemens Solution. DSU SN. Data Service Unit LTG. MS. BSS. LTG. PSTN DSU: DSU:InterWorking InterWorkingFunction FunctionIWF IWF in D900/D1800SSS in D900/D1800SSS ® support ® supportof ofdata dataservices services • •DLUS: DLUS:DLU DLUSystem System. PDC. DSU. IWF-LTG. DSU DSUcontrol, control,clock clock&&interface interfacetotoIWF-LTG IWF-LTG. • •IWE:HS: IWE:HS:Interworking InterworkingEquipment: Equipment: High HighSpeed Speed. - -determines determinesDSU DSUapplication application - -support supportofofsinglesingle-&&multislot multislotoperation operation - -support supportofof0.3 0.3- -9.6 9.6&&14.4 14.4kbit/s kbit/sservices services. IWE:HS. DLUS. DLU: Digital Line Unit. Fig. 19. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 39.

(40) Siemens. 2.4. Siemens Solution. Switching Network SNB. In a network node, the Switching Network B SNB is the link between the following: l. LTGs for speech and data connections. l. LTGs and Coordination Processor CP for message exchange. l. LTGs and SSNC/CCNC for SS7 message exchange. A central function of SNB (which is an especially compact version compared to old SN) is to switch subscriber calls received in one LTG through to the destination LTG. SNB sides: SNB0 / SNB1 For security reasons, the SNB is always duplicated, i.e. it consists of two SN sides SNB0 and SNB1. Each connection is switched redundantly through both SNB sides. For the redundant switching, an LTG has redundant connections to both SNB sides. It sends identical connection data to both SNB sides and receives identical connection data from both SNB sides.. 40. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(41) Siemens. Siemens Solution. LTG. SN B Switching Network B. SNB SN. LTG ··switching switchingcalls callsfrom fromLTG LTGto toLTG LTG. - -linking linkingLTGs LTGsfor forspeech speech&&data dataconnections connections. LTG. ··linking: linking:. - -LTGs LTGsand andCoordination CoordinationProcessor ProcessorCP CP for message exchange for message exchange - -LTGs LTGsand andSSNC SSNC/ /CCNC CCNC for forSS7 SS7message messageexchange exchange. LTG LTG. DSU. LTG. DAS. LTG. SNB SNBalways alwaysduplicated: duplicated:SNB0 SNB0/ /SNB1 SNB1 each eachconnection connectionswitched switchedsimultaneously simultaneously through throughboth bothsides sides. SSNC* Coordination Area. *classic node: CCNC (Common Channel Network Control). Fig. 20. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 41.

(42) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SNB: Functional Units The SNB consists of two HW functional units: l. Time Stage Group B TSGB. l. Space Stage Group B SSGB. The TSGBs and SSGBs perform the switching in the SNB according to the principle “Time – Space – Time”. In the smallest SNB:63LTG there is a combined Time & Space Stage Group used. The larger SNBs consists of TSGBs and SSGBs. An SNB capacity stage can be equipped on each SN side with 1, 2, 4 or 8 TSGBs and with 0,1,2 or 4 SSGBs. The number of TSGBs required for the two SNB sides of an SNB capacity stage depends on the number of LTGs to be connected. Each group (TSGB or SSGB) in the SNB is controlled by an own Switch Group Control SGCB. The SGCB accepts setting commands from the CP call processing programs. (The CP call processing programs use setting commands to initiate the switching of a connection path.) SNB: Interfaces A TSGB has a total of 64 SN-external interfaces comprising the following: l. A maximum of 63 SDC:LTGs for the connection of a maximum of 63 LTGs. Speech and data connections between the LTGBs are carried via SDC:LTG as well as message transfer between LTG and CP. The no. of SDC:CCNC decrease the no. of SDC:LTGs.. l. the SDC:TSG (Time Stage Group) interface for the message transfer between the CP (via Message Buffer Unit for LTG MBU:LTG) and the LTGs connected to the TSGB.. l. The SDC:CCNC for the SS7 message transfer between CCNC and LTG.. Additionally, an SDC:SGC exists for the communication between the CP (via MBU:SGC) and the Switch Group Controls SGC.. 42. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(43) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SN B. SN B (0 or 1). Interfaces & functional units. LTG · · ·. LTG. SSNC / CCNC. SDC:LTG. · · ·. 1 TSGB with max. 63 SDC:LTG. SDC:LTG. TSGB. SSGB. Time Stage Group. Space Stage Group. 1,2,4,8 depending on SNB capacity stage. SDC:CCNC. SDC:SSG. · · · SDC:SSG. SDC:TSG. CP. SDC:SGC. MBU:SGC. Coordination Area. SNexternal interfaces. ··TSG TSG&&SSG SSGperform perform switching switching “Time “Time- -Space Space- -Time” Time”. ··SGCs SGCscontrol control/ /set set TSGs & TSGs &SSGs SSGs ··setting settingcommands: commands: CP CP® ®SGC SGCvia viaSDC: SDC:SGC SGC. MBU:LTG Coordination Processor. 0,1,2,4 depending on SNB capacity stage. ··message messagetransfer transfer SGCB. SGCB Switch Group Control. SNinternal interfaces. CP CP« «LTGs LTGsvia viaSDC: SDC:TSG TSG Switch Group Control MBU: Message Buffer Unit. Fig. 21. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 43.

(44) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SNB: Capacity Stages Different capacity stages of the SNB are available, depending on the number of LTGs to be connected: l. SNB:504LTG for the connection of up to 504 LTGs. l. SNB: 252LTG for the connection of up to 252 LTGs. l. SNB:126LTG for the connection of up to 126 LTGs. l. SNB:63LTG for the connection of up to 63 LTGs. The innovation nodes, using the new Message Buffer D MBD and SSNC, are equipped with up to 100% of the above listed maximum possible no. of LTGs. The classic nodes, using the old Message Buffer C MBC and CCNC, can only be equipped with up to 50% of the above listed maximum possible no. of LTGs. If (1 or 2) SDC:CCNCs are used, the number of LTGs is reduces accordingly. The SSS nodes can be distinguished in switching nodes (MSC/VLR or MSC/VLR/HLR/AC/ EIR) and non-switching nodes (HLR/AC or EIR). The capacity stage SN:63LTG is generally used for non switching nodes. The capacity stages SNB:126LTG to SNB:504LTG are generally used for switching nodes. The SNB needs between one rack (SNB:63LTG) and 10 racks (SNB:504LTG at max. capacity stage). Or to be more precise: It needs between 2 and 20 frames, distributed to 1 - 10 partially used racks. The remaining frames of the racks are filled with LTGs.. 44. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(45) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SN B. SN B. Capacity stages ··SNB:63 SNB:63LTG LTG® ® up upto to63 63LTGs* LTGs* ··SNB:126 SNB:126LTG LTG® ® up upto to126 126LTGs* LTGs* ··SNB:252 SNB:252LTG LTG® ® up upto to252 252LTGs* LTGs* ··SNB:504 LTG ® up to 504 LTGs* SNB:504 LTG ® up to 504 LTGs*. SDC:LTG. · · · SDC:LTG. TSGB. SSGB. Time Stage Group. Space Stage Group. 1..8. 1, 2 or 4. depending on SNB capacity stage. depending on SNB capacity stage. SGCB. SGCB. SNB:126LTG - SNB:504LTG for: SDC:CCNC. or. MSC. VLR. MSC. VLR HLR AC EIR SDC:TSG. HLR AC. or. EIR. use SNB:63 LTG. SDC:SGC. * 1) - 1 / 2 LTG for SSNC/CCNC 2) only valid for new Message Buffer D. Fig. 22. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 45.

(46) Siemens. 2.5. Siemens Solution. Signaling System Network Control SSNC. Signaling System Network Control SSNC / Common Channel signaling Network Control CCNC The SSNC and CCNC are responsible for the control of SS7 signaling traffic in an SSS network node. The CCNC is part of the SSS classic node. A maximum of 112 signaling links (each of 64 kbit/s) can be processed by the CCNC. The SSNC is the main part of the SSS innovation node. The maximum system configuration allows the connection of 1500 signaling links. In the current SW version the SSNC or the CCNC can be supported. For that reason coexistence of SSNC and CCNC operation will be possible within the same APS (Application Program System). This coexistence is static only. That means only one of the mentioned SS7 platforms is running at one time. The choice has to be made during APS installation. If the SSNC is supported, the Message Buffer D MBD has to be used. In the following, the SSNC is described. SSNC functions The SSNC provides the protocol functions of the Message Transfer Part MTP (Level 1 – 3), the Signaling Connection Control Part SCCP and the Operations, Maintenance & Administration Part OMAP. The SSNC offers maximum efficiency for SS7 signaling. It can also be used as a gateway between different networks and network operators. For such applications the SSNC offers special features for recording and verifying the amount of traffic with adjacent network nodes and also for protecting the own network against misuse. It is a future-proof system which also supports the connection of SS7 high-speed signaling links HSL.. 46. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(47) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SSNC. LTG. Signaling System Network Control. LTG. ··control controlof ofSS7 SS7signaling signalingtraffic traffic ··provides protocol functions provides protocol functionsof: of: MTP, MTP,SCCP SCCP&&OMAP OMAP ··support supportofofSS7 SS7high-speed high-speed signaling signalinglinks linksHSL HSL. ··SR9.0 SR9.0supports supportsSSNC SSNC(new) (new) &&CCNC CCNC(classic) (classic) ··CCNC: CCNC:max. max.112 112SLs SLs ··SSNC: max. 1500 SSNC: max. 1500SLs SLs CCNC: Common Channel Network Control OMAP: Operation, Maintenance & Administration Part SL: Signaling Link. SN. SN. LTG LTG LTG. DSU. LTG. DAS. LTG. high speed SS7 links. SSNC/CCNC Coordination Area (CP). Fig. 23. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 47.

(48) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SSNC Hardware Architecture The SSNC Hardware is based on EWSX ATM technology. It is nearly identically to the architecture of the Siemens SGSN. The SSNC functions are spread over several functions. This results in a high degree of flexibility. Adaptation to future requirements regarding message throughput and new features is possible, due to the scalability of the main processor platform. The SSNC Hardware comprises the following units: l. Line Interface Cards LIC. l. Main Processors MP. l. ATM Switching Network ASN. l. ATM bridge Processor, type C. Line Interface Card LIC: the LIC converts incoming message streams from the SS7 network from synchronous transfer mode with 3 Mbit/s to internal ATM cell streams with 207 Mbit/s and vice versa. The LIC is also the interface to high-speed links HSL. Up to 248 signaling channels, i.e. 8 PCM30 links or 8 HSL can be connected to a LIC. Main Processor MP: the MP is the key component of the SSNC. Up to 50 MP exist in the maximum SSNC configuration: l. Up to 47 MPs for Signaling Link Termination MP:SLT (handling MTP, SCCP),. l. 1 MP for Signaling Manager MP:SM (MTP & SCCP management & maintenance),. l. 1 MP for Statistics MP:STATS and. l. 1 MP for Operation, Administration & Maintenance MP:OAM. ATM Switching Network ASN: The ASN interconnects the individual MPs and links the LICs to the MP:SLTs. An ASN40 with 40 Gbit/s switch capacity is used. ATM bridge Processor, type C AMPC: The AMPC is the interface between the ATM equipment in the SSNC and the Coordination Processor CP in the Coordination Area. It converts the ATM data from the SSNC to the CP communication mode and vice versa. For functional purposes the AMPC belongs to the SSNC, but it is located in the module frame of the CP.. 48. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(49) Siemens. Siemens Solution. SSNC HW Architecture. SS7 links (64 kbit/s). LTG. ··ASN: ASN:ATM ATMswitching switchingnetwork network. LTG. ATM ATMswitch; switch;interconnecting interconnecting LICs, LICs,MPs MPs&&CP CP(via (viaAMPC) AMPC). SSNC. ··LIC: LIC:Line LineInterface InterfaceCircuit Circuit interfaces interfacesmax. max.88E1 E1/ /HSLs; HSLs; convert convertSS7 SS7data: data:external external PCM30 PCM30« «SSNC SSNCinternal internalATM ATM. ··MP: MP:Main MainProcessor Processor. SN. 2 Mbit/s PCM30. 2 Mbit/s PCM30 / ATM. SSNC SSNCkey keycomponent component - -1..47 MP: 1..47 MP:SLT SLTfor forSignalling SignallingLink Link Termination Termination(MTP, (MTP,SCCP) SCCP) - -11MP: MP:SM SMfor forSignaling SignalingManager Manager - -1MP: 1MP:STATS STATSfor forStatistics Statistics - -1MP: 1MP:OAM OAMfor forOAM OAMtasks; tasks;OMAP; OMAP; interfaces Switch interfaces SwitchCommander Commander. ··AMPC: AMPC:ATM ATMbridge bridgeprocessor processorCC converts convertsSSNC SSNCATM ATMdata data« « CP CPcommunication communicationmode mode. Switch Commander. LIC. ASN. 207 ATM Mbit/s ATM Switching Network. · · ·. LIC MP:SLT. 40 Gbit/s. · · ·. MP:SLT MP:SM MP:STATS MP:OAM 207 Mbit/s ATM. * AMPC belongs to SSNC for functional purposes, but it is located in the CP module frame. CP. AMPC*. MBD. Fig. 24. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 49.

(50) Siemens. 2.6. Siemens Solution. Coordination Area. Coordination Processor CP113C/CR: The CP is a central elements of the SSS network node. It is responsible in the SSS network node for common functions such as the coordination of the distributed microprocessor controls and the data transfer between them. The CP performs the following functions: Call Processing, Operation and Safeguarding. Normal SSS nodes use a CP113C, CP113CR is used for rural/container SSS (MiniSwitch). Message Buffer MB: The MBB is used in the SSS classic nodes (with CCNC), the MBD in the SSS innovation nodes (with SSNC). With usage of the new MBD there are no LTG mounting restrictions of SNB. The MBD controls the message exchange between the individual subsystems, i.e. between CP113C and the LTGs, CP113C and the SN, LTGs, LTGs and SSNC. Central Clock Generator CCG: The CCGB (type B) is used (with CCNC & MBB) in the SSS classic nodes, the CCGE (type E) is used (with SSNC & MBD) in the SSS innovation nodes. The CCG supplies the SSS network node with a highly accurate, stable clock. It locks onto an external reference (e.g. a cesium frequency standard). The clock is available even if all reference signals fail. Craft Terminal CT: PCs (Craft Terminals CT) are used for local O&M of the SSS nodes. They are equipped with Windows NT and CD-ROM drives. External Memory EM: The EM are Mass Storage Media. It used e.g. for programs & data that do not always have to be resident in the CP, as mirror image of all resident programs & data for automatic recovery and call charge and traffic measurement data. It consists of two Magnetic Disc Devices MDD, a Magnetic Tape Device MTD or Magneto-Optical Disk MOD for input & output. Authentication Centers: Authentication Centers are connected to the CP only when the SSS node includes AC functionality.. 50. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(51) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Coordination Area. LTG. SN. SN. LTG Coordination CoordinationProcessor Processor • •CP113C CP113Ccentral centralelement element ofofD900/1800SSS D900/1800SSSnodes nodes • •CP113CR CP113CRfor forrural/container rural/container SSS SSS(MiniSwitch) (MiniSwitch) CP CPcoordinates coordinatesperipheral peripheral microprocessor microprocessorcontrols controls&& data datatransfer transferbetween betweenthem them CP performs: CP performs: • •Call Callprocessing processing • •Operation Operation • •Safeguarding Safeguarding. LTG LTG LTG DSU. LTG. DAS. LTG. Central CentralClock ClockGenerator GeneratorEE. • •provides providesSSS SSSnode nodewith with highly highlyaccurate, accurate,stable stableclock clock • •locks locksonto ontoexternal externalreference; reference; often: often:caesium caesiumfrequency frequencystandard standard. External ExternalMemory Memory. SSNC*. CCGE*. controls controlsinternal internal message messageexchange: exchange: • •CP CP« «LTG LTG • •CP « SN CP « SN(SGC) (SGC) • •LTG LTG« «LTG LTG • •LTG LTG« «SSNC SSNC. MBD*. CP 113C. • •MOD MOD/ /MTD, MTD,MDD MDD • •for data for datastorage storage * classic node: CCNC + MBC + CCGB *1 only if HLR/AC node MOD: Magneto-Optical Disk Device MTD: Magnetic Tape Device MDD: Magnetic Disc Device. Message MessageBuffer BufferDD. EM. AC*1. CT. Coordination Area. Craft CraftTerminal Terminal. • •for forlocal localO&M O&M • •CT CTboot boot • •® ®Switch SwitchCommander Commander. Fig. 25. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 51.

(52) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Coordination Processor CP113C/CR The CP113C/CR consists of a modular multiprocessor system. It performs the following functions: l. Call Processing (digit translation, routing, zoning, path selection through the switching network, charge registration, traffic data administration, network management),. l. Operation (input/output to/from EM, communication with CT, communication with the Switch Commander SC) and. l. Safeguarding (self-supervision, error detection, error treatment).. The CP consists of the following functional units:. 52. l. Base Processors BAP: 1 BAP operates as Master BAPM, 1 as Spare BAPS. The BAPM processes O&M tasks plus some of the call-processing tasks, the BAPS handles only call-processing.. l. Call Processors CAP: The CAPs (between 0 and 10) handle call-processing tasks only. They form a pool (n+1) redundancy.. l. Input/Output Controls IOC: The IOCs form the interfaces between the BCMY and the IOPs. 1 / 2 pair are used.. l. Input/Output Processors IOP: Various types of IOPs connect the CP113C/CR with the other HW subsystems and functional units of the SSS node. IOP types uses in the CP113C/CR are: IOP:MB (IOP for MB, used for the connection to MB, SYP, CCG, CCNC), IOP:TA (IOP for Time & Alarms), IOP:UNI (UNIversal IOP for O&M devices), IOP:SCDP (IOP for Serial data Communication Devices with BX.25/X.25 Protocol; i.e. for connection to the Switch Commander and Operation System OS) and IOP:AUC (IOP for Authentication Center).. l. ATM bridge Processor AMPC: The AMPC links the CP113C/CR to the SSNC and converts the ATM data (SSNC) to CP format and vice versa.. l. Common Memory CMY: The components of the CMY include the database shared by all of the processors, and the input & output lists used by the IOPs for MP (IOP:MB) and the communication areas used by the IOPs linked to the O&M periphery.. l. Bus for Common Memory BCMY: The BCMYs interlink all processors (BAP, CAP, AMPC) including IOCs and links them with the CMY.. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(53) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Coordination Processor. IOPs IOPsconnects connectsCP CPto: to: ••MB MB ••CCG CCG ••EM/CT EM/CT ••SC SC ••AC AC(AC (AC==IOP:AUC) IOP:AUC) ••external externalclock clock ••external externalalarms alarms ••....... SSNC. AMPC 1 AMPC 0 ATM bridge Processor. Call Processor. ···. CAP 5/7/9 Call Processor. BAPS. Base Processor “Master”. Base Processor “Spare”. BCMY. Basic capacity stage of CP113C. IOP. BAPM. Bus for Common Memory. 15. 15. IOP · · ·. · · ·. O&M O&Mtasks tasks ++callcallcallcallprocessing processing processing processing. call-processing call-processing. CAP 0. IOP. 0. 0. IOC 1 IOC 0 Input/ Output Control. IOP. IOC 3 IOC 2 control control interface interface CMY«IOPs CMY«IOPs. links linksBAP, BAP,CAP, CAP,IOC IOC&&CMY CMY. includes includesdatabase: database: • •shared sharedby byall allprocessors processors Common Memory • I/O lists for IOPs • I/O lists for IOPs. CMY. Fig. 26. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 53.

(54) Siemens. 2.7. Siemens Solution. Summary D900/D1800SSS. The D900/D1800SSS contains the following HW subsystems: l. Line/Trunk Groups LTG. l. Data Service Unit DSU. l. Switching Network SN. l. Signaling System Network Control SSNC (SSS innovation node) or. l. Common Channel signaling Network Control CCNC (SSS classic node). l. Coordination Area with: - Coordination Processor CP113C/CR - Message Buffer MB (MBD / MBC) - Central Clock Generator CCG (CCGE / CCGB) - External Memory EM - Craft Terminal CT - Authentication boxes (optionally). In the SSS classic node the CCNC is used together with the CCGB and the MBB. In the SSS innovation node the SSNC is used together with the CCGE and the MBD.. 54. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(55) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Summary D900/1800SSS. LTG. BSS ISDN / PSTN. Line/Trunk Group. SN. LTG. Switching Network. D900/1800SSS SMS-SC, CSE, VMSC. LTG. Trunk Loop LTG. LTG. e.g. for MMC, lawful interception. Conference LTG e.g. for MPTY, ASCI services. DSU. LTG LTG. Data Service Unit DAS. LTG. Digital Announcement Systems. SSNC* high speed SS7 links. Signalling System Network Control. CCGE*. MBD*. CP 113C EM. AC. CT. Coordination Area Fig. 27. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 55.


(57) Siemens. Siemens Solution. 3. Operation & Maintenance Siemens Solution SBS. SSS LMT. External networks. T. BTSE. Abis. BSC. Asub. TRAU. D900/D1800SSS. A. MSC/VLR / HLR/AC / EIR T. T LMT. O. LMT. O. N ailed-up connection NUC. PSTN / ISDN. CT. Dedicated lines. OMC-B Operation & Maintenance Center for the BSS. OMS. Operation & Maintenance Subsystem. SC. OMC-S. Switch Commander (innovation nodes with SSNC). OMC for the SSS (classic nodes with CCNC). Operation & Maintenance. ··LMT, LMT,CT: CT:local localO&M O&M ··OMC-B & SC: remote, OMC-B & SC: remote, centralised centralisedO&M O&M. Fig. 28. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 57.

(58) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Operation & Maintenance O&M O&M of the SBS and SSS network elements can be done locally, i.e. at the site of the particular node, and centralized. Local O&M For local O&M in the SBS Local Maintenance Terminals LMT (portable PCs) are used. LMTs can be connected via proprietary T-Interface to BSC, BTSE and TRAU. For local O&M in the SSS Craft Terminals CT (commercial Windows NT PCs) are used. Centralized O&M: OMS Remote, centralized O&M is done in the Operation & Maintenance Subsystem OMS. The OMS is split up into OMC-B (Operation & Maintenance Center for the BSS), OMC-S (OMC for the SSS) OMC-S for the SSS classical nodes (including the CCNC) and SC (Switch Commander) for the SSS innovation nodes (including the SSNC). SC and OMC-B are used for GPRS network elements / enhancements, too. OMC-S and OMC-B are connected via PSDN (X.25) to the SSS / SBS network elements. The OMC-B is always linked to the BSCs of the BSS. The link between BSC and OMC-B is realized either via dedicated X.25 (64 kbit/s) lines or via MSC PCM30 links (nailed-up connections NUC). The SC is connected either via PSDN (X.25) or via LAN (Q3) with TCP/IP protocol to the SSS nodes. SC / OMC-B: Network Components Central components of the SC are Craft Terminals CT and the SC Servers. Central components of the OMC-B are the O&M Terminals OMT and O&N Processor OMP Server. CTs / OMTs and the SC Servers / OMP Servers are connected to LANs in the OMC. The CTs and SC Servers are commercial computers (Windows NT PCs / Windows NT Servers). The SC is a highly scalable system and can be configured from a single workplace system to 40 communication servers and 300 clients using a 100 Mbit/s LAN. The OMP Servers are commercially computer (SUN Sparc/Enterprise), the OMTs SUN graphical workstations WS or X-Terminals X-Ts (SUN Sparc classic X). Up to 8 WS or X-Ts with an X-T Server are connected in an OMC-B to the OMP Server (optionally duplicated) via LAN.. 58. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(59) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Network Components. SBS. LMT. SSS. ··CT: CT:Windows WindowsNT NTPCs PCs ··SC SCServer: Server:Windows WindowsNT NTServer Server SC: up to 40 Server / 300 SC: up to 40 Server / 300clients clients ··OMP-Server: OMP-Server:SUN SUNSparc/Enterprise Sparc/Enterprise ··OMT: SUN WS OMT: SUN WS/X-Terminals /X-Terminals OMC-B: OMC-B:max. max.88WS, WS,22OMP OMPServer Server. T. BTSE. Abis. BSC. Asub. TRAU. D900/D1800SSS. A. MSC/VLR / HLR/AC / EIR T. T LMT. LMT. Q3 (TCP/IP). PCM 30. O. OMC-B. O. NUC. SC Server. LAN. LAN. ··· OMT OMP: O&M Processor OMT: O&M Terminal. SC. X.25. OMP Server. X.25. CT. OMC-B OMC-B&&SC SC used usedfor for GPRS, GPRS,too too. ··· CT CT: Craft Terminal WS: Workstations. Fig. 29. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 59.

(60) Siemens. Siemens Solution. Central Functions The OMC-B includes the following central functions required for centralized O&M of the BSS network elements and the OMC-B itself: l. Configuration Management CM: The task of configuration management is the administration of network resources, i.e. administration of network changes, support of installation and recovery action, provision and display of status information.. l. Software Management SWM: Software can be downloaded from the OMC-B to the BSS network entities (First SW installation, Patch handling, SW changes & upgrades,..).. l. Test Management TM: Operator-controlled tests are available to verify proper working of managed objects. Diagnostics are very important for the process of fault treatment and restoration of repaired units.. l. Fault Management FM: FM includes all the measures required to detect and repair faults (down to a single module) in the PLMN.. l. Performance Management PM: monitoring the traffic load and network performance. Short- & long-term traffic, performance and quality-of-service measurements are recorded and made available.. l. Security Management SM: access protection mechanism.. The Switch Commander software includes basic system and application software functions. The basic system includes the following parts: installation, recovery, central functions which allow general access to utilities, LAN & WAN communication, file transfer functions to the network elements of the SSS. The application software includes basic applications and SSS applications. Basic applications are security management SM, user interface, computer & database structure, facilities for interworking the CT to the SC. The SSS applications include configuration management CM, fault & maintenance management, performance management PM, accounting management and automated patch supply (autopatch).. 60. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG.

(61) Siemens. Siemens Solution. OMC-B. Basic Functions. OMT. Basic BasicSystem System. OMP CM SWM TM FTM PM. BTSE. SC. SM. BSC. TRAU. Configuration Management CM Sofware Management SWM. ··Installation Installation ··Recovery Recovery ··Central Centralfunctions functionswhich whichallow allow general access to utilities general access to utilities ··LAN LAN&&WAN WANcommunication communication ··file filetransfer transferfunctions functionsto toSSS SSS network elements network elements. Application ApplicationSW SW Basic Applications: Basic Applications: ··Security SecurityManagement ManagementSM SM. (access (accessprotection protectionmechanism) mechanism). Test Management TM Fault Management FM Performance Management PM Security Management SM. LMT. ··user userinterface interface. ··computer computer&&database databasestructure structure ··facilities for interworking facilities for interworking the theCT CTto tothe theSC SC. SSS SSSApplications: Applications: ··Configuration ConfigurationManagement ManagementCM CM. ·Fault ·Fault&&Maintenance MaintenanceManagement Management ··Performance PerformanceManagement ManagementPM PM (also (alsowith withhelp helpofofSTATS STATSapplication) application) ··Accounting AccountingManagement Management ··Automated Automatedpatch patchsupply supply(Autopatch) (Autopatch). Fig. 30. TM2100EU03TM_0001 © 2002 Siemens AG. 61.


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