Study Guide: Name: _____KEY_________________ P: _____ Energy Sources and Transformations
1. Complete the cross word puzzle. ACROSS:
2- acoustic energy that can be heard, travels in vibrations
6- energy flowing in a circuit
7- ability to make a change and do work 8- transfer of heat energy from object to object
9- radiant visible light that travels in waves DOWN:
1- energy due to an object’s position 3- energy stored in the bonds of atoms 4- energy due to an object’s motion 5- energy traveling through space
2. Identify the form of energy by the given sources. Form of Energy Letter
abbreviatio n
Sources
Potential PE any object above the ground that gravity can affect
Kinetic KE anything that is moving
Thermal Heat HE objects with moving particles; oven, light bulb
Chemical CE fuels, wood, batteries, food
Solar SE stars (sun), tanning bed (UV), infrared lights, light bulbs
Electrical EE generators, dams, wind turbines
Sound AE anything that makes noise; speakers, computers
Light (radiant) LE anything that gives off a light; light bulb, television
Situation Energy Transformation Equation
A girl lifts a book and drops it on the floor. chemical → kinetic → potential → kinetic → sound + heat
Coal is burned at a power plant which produces steam moving in a pipe. This steam turns a generator which produces electricity.
chemical→ heat→ kinetic→ electricity
Campfire wood burns to release heat and light. chemical heat + light Solar panels are used to power a calculator solar electrical Water behind a dam flows through a pipe causing a
generator to spin and produce electricity.
potential→ kinetic→ electricity
Sarah uses a battery-powered electric toothbrush. chemical electrical kinetic + sound The sun causes water from the ocean to evaporate,
which later condenses and rains. The water ends up in a lake or river near the top of a mountain.
solar→ kinetic→ potential
A battery-powered car is moving across a table. chemical→ electrical→ kinetic
A skier climbs a mountain and skis to the bottom, where he comes to a stop.
chemical→ kinetic→ potential→ kinetic
The sun causes an apple tree to produce apples. solar→ chemical
A cow chews grass that grows through photosynthesis.
solar chemical kinetic
4. Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light energy? A. A car battery causes the headlights to shine. C. A display of fireworks in the night sky. B. A candle burns and lights up the room. D. An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain.
5. The higher up an object is, the more ______ gravitational potential_______ energy it has because gravity will influence it more as it falls.
6. An object that moves faster will have more _____kinetic__________ energy.
How does the speed an object is traveling affect the amount of kinetic energy it has? __as speed increases, kinetic energy increases___
7. Which has more potential energy? (B, more mass and higher height)
a. empty jar on a shelf b. full jar on a shelf c. full jar rolling up a ramp d. full jar rolling down a ramp 8. Fill in the Roller Coaster Energy Diagram with the choices below. Each choice is used once.
9. Using the picture of the roller coaster with points F through I to answer the following questions.
a. At which point does a roller coaster have the greatest gravitational potential energy, but the least kinetic? F; highest height
b. At which point does a roller coaster have the least gravitational potential energy, but greatest kinetic energy?
H; because it’s moving fast and is closest to the ground
10. Particles that move faster have increased ____thermal heat_______ energy, while objects that are faster have increased ____kinetic____________ energy.
11. What are the three parts of the Law of Energy Conservation? 1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
2. Energy may be transformed from one form to another 3. The total amount of energy is always accounted for (100%)
12. Rachel wound up a toy car and it ran across the floor until it stopped. Rachel said it stopped because all the energy was “used up.” Explain what really happened to the energy in the car according to the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Energy cannot be destroyed, therefore it was transformed into other types of energy.
13. Describe 2-3 ways solar energy can transform into other energies. Include a transformation and explanation.
Energy Transformation Explanation
SE HE dark colors absorb more heat
SE CE plants absorb SE for photosynthesis to make sugar
14. Definition Examples
Conductor material transfers heat well metals: stainless steel, copper, aluminum Insulator material does not transfer heat well Styrofoam, wood, wool, cork, paper, straw
15. Explain why a metal spoon will get hot faster than a plastic spoon if they are both in a cup of hot chocolate.
Metal spoon will get hotter faster because it is a better and more efficient conductor than the plastic spoon. 16. Heat transferred always occurs from ___higher___ thermal energy to ___lower___ thermal energy. (hot to cold)
17. Draw an arrow to indicate heat movement in the temperature differences below. a. (100) __ __ (50) b. (-10) __ __ (0) c. (5) __ __ (5)
18. Which heat movement above will move the fastest (a, b, c)? ____ Why? ____________________________ A, because it has the greatest temperature difference
19. Which point to the right represents the substance in the physical state with the particles moving the least?
A. point W B. point X C. point Y D. point Z
20. Complete the table for heat energy transfer methods. Transfer Method Definition
Conduction particles transfer heat through contact/touch
Convection particles move from one place to another through a current
Radiation energy transfer through space, can feel heat w/o touching
22. The diagram shows a small sealed jar containing 50 mL of warm water that is put into a bowl containing 500 mL of cold water. Which statement describes what happens to the temperature of the water in the jar and in the bowl?
A. The temperature of the water in the jar increases, and the temperature of the water in the bowl decreases.
B. The temperature of the water in the jar decreases, and the temperature of the water in the bowl increases.
C. The temperature of the water in both the jar and the bowl increases.
D. The temperature of the water in both the jar and the bowl decreases. 23. What kind of heat transfer is shown above? ______conduction_______
21. Identify the main type of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation) in each situation.
Situation Transfer Method
French fries warmed with a heat lamp. Radiation
An egg is frying in a pan. Conduction
The sun is heating a sidewalk. Radiation
A sea breeze is blowing at the beach. Convection
Spaghetti noodles are “rolling” in a pot of boiling water. Convection You feel the glow of a campfire from 15 feet away. Radiation
A cup of hot chocolate warms your hand. Conduction
While holding a nail you place its tip in a flame. Soon your fingers feel the heat through the nail.
Conduction
Currents in the ocean and atmosphere impact life on Earth. Convection You feel infrared heat from the sun standing outside. Radiation
Heat transfer mostly through solids Conduction
Heat transfer mostly through fluids (liquids and gases) Convection
Heat transfer through space and gases Radiation
24. When air near the ground is warmed by sunlight, which of the following occurs? a. The warm air radiates and becomes cool again.
b. The warm air evaporates into the cooler air.
c. The warm air expands and rises, resulting in convection. d. The warm air loses its ability to hold water and precipitates.
25. In the picture to the right, all three methods of heat transfer are occurring. Identify where each is.
26. What is the length from point G to E?
10.3 – 9.7 = 0.6 cm
27. What is the temp?
-10.5 ⁰C
28. What is the volume?
38 mL
Radiation (the sun is radiating energy
to the air and surfaces)
Convection (in the water + air)
Conduction (heat from
29. What is the mass? 480.5 g
Review your heat transfer lab and inquiry standards including scientific method set-up, variables (IV, DV, controlled variables), data tables/graphing.
30.Ball Rolling Experiment
Two balls are rolled down a ramp. Students want to find out which ball mass has the greatest speed at the end of the ramp. The ramp is 1 meter long and 0.5 meters tall. Ball 1 is 10 pounds and Ball 2 is 20 pounds.
Identify the following for the experiment.
1. Draw a model diagram of the experimental set-up. 2. IV: ball mass
3. DV: speed
4. Controlled variables: ramp (height/length/surface), ball type, timers
Results:
Speed at the end of the ramp (m/s) Trial Ball 1
(10 lbs)
Ball 2 (20 lbs)
1 1.20 1.72
2 1.32 1.84
3 1.17 1.92
Average 1.23 1.83
5. What kind of data was collected in the results above? quantitative 6. According to results, which ball was faster? ball 2
7. Using your knowledge of energy, explain why. The ball with more mass had more gravitational PE transformed into PE.
1. Draw a model diagram of the
