Circulatory System - PPT slides

Circulatory System

Circulation

Blood Vessels

Blood

Heart

Overview of Circulation

 _{Pulmonary circulation:}

blood flow between the heart and lungs

 _{Systemic circulation:}

blood flow from heart to rest of the body

 _{Cardiac circulation:}

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

Cardiac Circulation

(capillaries) Lung

Vein pulmonary circulation Artery

HEART

Vein systemic circulation Artery

Body

Blood Vessel Function

Vessel Function Examples

Artery Transports blood AWAY from the heart

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Vein Transports blood TOWARDS the heart

Vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Capillary Material exchange

between blood and body

Pathway of Blood Flow

http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg

Artery

Artery Vein

Pathway of Blood Flow

http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/06/92806-034-95B4D32F.jpg

Blood Vessels

Blood Vessel Structure

Vessel Wall

Thickness Diagram Pressure

Artery Thick High

Vein Thin Low

Artery Structure

 _{Thick walls: withstand high pressure from heart}  _{Elastic walls: expand & contract to help pump}

Vein Structure

 _{Thinner walls}

 _{Larger circumference}  _{Low blood pressure}

 _{Need structure to help move blood against}

Vein: One-way valves

 _{Valves open when}

muscles contract, allowing blood to move forward

 _{Valves close when}

muscles relax so that blood cannot flow backwards

Vein: One-way valves

Varicose Veins: Deformed Valves

Capillary Structure

 _{Small diameter in capillaries are}

only wide enough for red blood cells to travel in a single file

 _{Red blood cells pull each other}

along like a chain

Capillary Structure

 _{Walls made up of one layer of epithelial cells}  _{Cells are smooth to reduce friction}

Capillary Function

 _{Rapid diffusion of}

materials into and out of blood

http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/imagesAP2/bloodvessels/endothelia.jpg Molecules Into capillaries Out of capillaries

Oxygen Lungs Body cells

Diffusion in Capillaries of Body

Diffusion in Capillaries of Lung

Movement of Gases

http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg

Artery

Artery Vein

Vein

Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Blood Flow in Blood Vessels

Vessel Structure that

aids blood flow Explanation

Artery

Vein

Blood Flow in Blood Vessels

Vessel Structure that

aids blood flow Explanation

Artery Elastic walls Walls expand & contract helping to pump blood

Vein One-way valves Valves act as doors preventing backward blood flow

Capillary Small

circumference

Blood cells travel in single file

Blood Components

Blood Components

Type Structure Function %

makeup Red blood cells No nucleus Disk-shaped, flexible Contains hemoglobin Transports oxygen 45 White blood cells

Have a nucleus Short life span

Fights

infections <1

Platelets Made of cell fragments Blood

clotting <1

Plasma Protein-rich liquid Contains electrolytes

Carries

Animations

Circulatory System Animation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo

3D model of Working Heart

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68qhyfcoM&feature=related

3D cardiac circulation (silent)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06iQlVMSB34&feature=fvwrel

Cardiac Circulation Summary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAXa4eR1s0M&feature=related

0:18 – 2:05

Circulatory song

Cardiac

Circulation

 _{4 chambers}  _{4 valves}

 _{2 arteries}  _{2 veins}

 _Deoxygenated

blood

 _Oxygenated

blood

Superior vena cava

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Right atrium

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava Right atrium

Tricuspid valve Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve

to right lung

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery

from right lung

from right lung

from left lung

from right lung Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery

from right lung

Pulmonary artery

from left lung

from left lung

Left atrium Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Left atrium Pulmonary vein

Mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Aortic valve Pulmonary artery Left atrium Pulmonary vein

Mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Left atrium Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

Left atrium

Pulmonary vein

Circulation

right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery

arterioles

capillaries of lungs

venules pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle aorta arterioles

capillaries of body

venules vena cava

Cardiac circulation Pulmonary circulation

(capillaries) Lung

Vein pulmonary circulation Artery

HEART

Vena Cava systemic circulation Aorta

Body

(capillaries)

The Pathway of Blood Flow

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Septum

Cardiovascular Diseases

 _{Congenital Heart Defect}  _Arrhythmias

 _{Heart murmurs}

 _{Atherosclerosis}

 _{Disorders related to atherosclerosis:}

 _{Coronary Artery Disease}

 _Hypertension

 _{Heart attack}

Congenital Heart Defect

 _{Defect of the}

structure of the heart and vessels, present at birth

 _{Example: Septal}

defect

 _{a hole in the septum}

 _{allows oxygenated}

Arrhythmia

 _{Heart beats irregularly}

 _{Arises from problems with the electrical}

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

Arrhythmia

 _{Treatment may}

include implanting an artificial

Valves

Pulmonary valve (semilunar)

Aortic valve (semilunar)

Mitral / Bicuspid valve (AV)

Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve

Heart Murmurs

 _{heart makes extra}

Cardiovascular Diseases

 _{Congenital Heart Defect}

 _Arrhythmias

 _{Heart murmurs}

 _{Atherosclerosis}

 _{Disorders related to atherosclerosis:}

 _{Coronary Artery Disease}

 _Hypertension

 _{Heart attack}

Atherosclerosis

 _{Accumulation of plaque on the artery wall}

 _{Plaque formation begins at the site of tear in}

artery wall

 _{Fat and cholesterol can accumulate which}

Blockage

 _{Partial plaque blockage}

can lead to:

 _{Coronary artery disease}

 _Hypertension

 _{Complete plaque blockage}

can lead to:

 _{Heart attack}

Coronary Artery Disease

 _{Plaque in the coronary arteries}

 _{Coronary artery: supplies blood to heart}

muscle cells

Why is it important to

Effects of Plaque

 _{hardened arteries:}

limits elasticity of artery wall

 _{narrowed arteries:}

reduces blood and oxygen flow

 _{Prolonged high blood}

pressure

 _{Heart is constantly}

pumping harder

 _{Overuse leads to}

thickening of heart

muscles making them less flexible and more inefficient at pumping

 _{Plaque blockage}

 _{Rupture of plaque resulting in a blood clot}

 _{Platelets and other blood clotting factor}

Cause of Complete Blockage

Heart Attack

 _{Blocked blood flow in coronary artery}

 _{Lack of oxygen flow to heart muscle cells}  _{Death of heart muscle cells}

 _{Heart may stop pumping}

Stroke

 _{“Brain attack”}  _{Lack of oxygen}

flow to brain

 _{Blocked or burst}

arteries that

Atherosclerosis Treatments

 _{Coronary bypass}  _Angioplasty

 _Stent

 _Videos

 _{Angioplasty & Stenting (1:07)}

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9AqBd4REx k&feature=related

 _{Angioplasty & Stenting Animation - no narrative}

(4:16)

Atherosclerosis Treatments:

Stent

Atherosclerosis Treatments:

Stent