Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Vol. 7, No. 3, Autumn 2013 Pages: 239-244
An estimation of father’s role in children’s mental health through military
families
Ahmadi Kh. PhD, Yalveh M. MSc1, Afsardair B. MSc2, Khodabandeloo S. MSc1,
Akhavi Z. MSc3
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
1 Department of Mannagement, Faculty of Education, Emam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Submitted: 2012.8.1 Accepted: 2013.8.1
Abstract
Introduction: These days, much attention is paid to the role of father in children’s mental
health and the consequences, his presence would have in family alongside its quality. The aim of this research is to estimate the quality of father presence in mental health of children.
Method: This article is a correlative study in which 200 military families were selected by
hand sampling. They filled scl-90 and quality of father presence inventories. The sample included junior students. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and regression.
Results: The result of study showed that there was significant relationship between the effect
of father presence alongside its quality with mental health of children and disorders like somatzation, depression, anxiety, paranoid symptoms and their educational state.
Conclusion: These findings emphasized the effect of father presence and specially the quality
of his presence on mental health of children.
Keywords: Father, Adolescent, Mental Health, Military Family
هرود 7 ، هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ، ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ 1392
:تﺎﺤﻔﺻ 244 -239
ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ
ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ
يﺪﻤﺣا ﺶﺨﺑاﺪﺧ
، هﻮﻠﯾ ﯽﺒﺘﺠﻣ 1
، ﺮﯾدﺮﺴﻓا ﺎﺘﯿﺑ 2
هﺪﻨﺑاﺪﺧ ﺪﯿﻌﺳ ، ﻮﻟ
1 ، يﻮﺧا اﺮﻫز 3
يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،
ﻪﯿﻘﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻬﺗ ،(ﺞﻋ)...ا
ناﺮﯾا ،
1 ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،
ﮑﺸﻧاد ﺪ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ه ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،(ع) ﻦﯿﺴﺣ مﺎﻣا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
2 ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هوﺮﮔ ،
ناور هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،
3 هروﺎﺸﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،
ناور هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﯽﻣزراﻮﺧ
:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 11
/5 / 1391 :شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ
10 /5 / 1391
ﭼ
ﯿﮑ
هﺪ
:ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ رد رﺪﭘ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ هزوﺮﻣا هﮋﯾو ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﻣ يا يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و دﻮﺷ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ هداﻮ
.ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ فﻮﻄﻌﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز يرﺎﮐ و ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ
زا
ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ياراد ﯽﮔﺪﯿﻨﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ و ﯽﮔﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ صﺎﺧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ، ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و
ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ .ﺖﺳا
:شور داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد 200
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﻪﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ زا سﺮﺘﺳد رد يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ناﺮﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا SCL-90
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ
، زﺮﻓ ناﺪﻧ
ﻊﻄﻘﻣ رد ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﯿﺑد ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ :ﺎﻫ ،ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ تﺎﯾﺎﮑﺷ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻢﯾﻼﻋ ﺎﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ،هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻢﻫ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻢﻫ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ،يﺪﯿﯾﻮﻧارﺎﭘ رﺎﮑﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا دراد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ رد ناور
.
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ ﺶﻘﻧ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ رﺪﭘ
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد نآ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻤﮐ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
.ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ هار زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺗرا يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺎﻘ
.ﺖﺳا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ ،رﺪﭘ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،
:لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ يﺪﻤﺣا ﺶﺨﺑاﺪﺧ
. ﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ :ﮏﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑ
242
/
،يﺪﻤﺣا ،هﻮﻠﯾ ﺮﯾدﺮﺴﻓا ، هﺪﻨﺑاﺪﺧ ﻮﻟ، يﻮﺧا
لوﺪﺟ 2
.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ
ﯽﻧاوﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد
رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
2 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 2/
69
3 ﺎﺗ 6 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 5/
22
4 ﺎﺗ 6 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 2/
4
زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ 6 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 2/
4
رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻢﮐ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ
1/ 55
ﻢﮐ 32
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 6/
7
بﻮﺧ 3/
6
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ
182 91
ياراد لﻼﺘﺧا ﻢﯾﻼﻋ 18
9
لوﺪﺟ 3
.
ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻢﯾﻼﻋ ﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ
رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ 597
/0
(**)
-ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺖﯾﺎﮑﺷ 002
/0 -103
/0 -
(*)
ساﻮﺳو 008
/0 -079
/0
-ﻂﺑاور رد ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ 036
/0 035
/0 -
ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا 141
/0
-(*)
086 /0
باﺮﻄﺿا 031
/0 -115
/0 -
(*)
ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ 016
/0 -082
/0
-ﯽﺿﺮﻣ سﺮﺗ 026
/0 027
/0 -
ﺪﯿﺋﻮﻧارﺎﭘ 049
/0 -114
/0 -
(*)
ﯽﺸﯾﺮﭘ ناور 060
/0 -088
/0
-05 /0 *p≤
01 /0 **p≤
لوﺪﺟ 4
.
ﻪﻄﺑار ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺴﭘ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﺮﺘﺧد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
ﻦﺳ
**
19 /0 -
**
25 /0 - 002
/0 01
/0
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ
**
24 /0
**
25 / 0
*
18 /0
*
27 /0
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﺿو 04
/0 -
**
18 / 0 04
/0
*
18 /0
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ رد
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ يا
ﺖﺳا ﯾﺎﺘﻧ . ﻦﯾا ﺞ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ
ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ
ﯽﻣ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ مﺪﻋ
رﺎﮑﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻢﯾﻼﻋ ﺎﺑ يو ﻊﻗاو رد .دراد ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ يﺪﯿﺋﻮﻧارﺎﭘ ﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ رﺪﻗ ﺮﻫ
ﺖ
ﺶﯿﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻧ
ﺰﯿ
ﺶﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﯾ ﯽ ﻗ زا ﺒ ﻞﯿ
ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار
ي ﺖﺷاد . ﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ]
1 ، 3 ، 5 ، 25 ، 28 [ ﯽﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ
ﺮﺛﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ
ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﻧاور ﺶﻣارآ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ .ﺖﺳا يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺘﺑا زا
ﻪﺑ ﻼ
ناﺰﯿﻣ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ رد ﯽﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و
رﻮﻀﺣ رﺪﭘ ﺖﺳا و رد
ﺶﻘﻧ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا نآ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﮐدﻮﮐ نارود رد ﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺖﺒﺤ
ﻒﻃاﻮﻋ و ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو دﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﺮﺑ يﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﮐدﻮﮐ نارود رد
دراد طﺎﺒﺗرا و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ نارود رد دﺮﻓ ناور ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ تاﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ
رﺰﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﺴﮔ د درا ] 23 ، 24 [. ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ي
ﺖﺳا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻨﯾﺪﻟاو ﮏﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺲﻔﻧ تﺰﻋ ،
يﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧراد و ،ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ يﺎﺿرا ﻦﺘﺧاﺪﻧا ﺮﯿﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ رد
ترﺎﻬﻣ نآ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ
هدﺮﺴﻓا ﺪﻧا ، رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺐﺟﻮﻣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ
ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺷر ،ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ،
ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ، ﻨﺟ ﺖﯾﻮﻫ دﺎﺠﯾا و ﯽﺴ
ﯽﻣ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ وا ﺶﻘﻧ ناﺪﻘﻓ و دﻮﺷ
ﺐﯿﺳآ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻫ
يﺎ
نآ رد ار ﯽﻧاور ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫد
رد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﺘﺣ و راﺰﺑا هﻮﺤﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ رﺎﭼد يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
] 33 [ .
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
و ﯽﻠﺒﻗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ، ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ و ﯽﻧاور ﺶﻣارآ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﺘﺣ و ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ
غﻮﻠﺑ ﺮﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺳا و ﺖ
هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ رﺪﭘ ﺖﺒﯿﻏ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز لﻮﻃ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ،ﺪﻧا
رد
ﺶﯿﺑ ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﯽﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ هرود ﻪﺘﺷاد رﺪﺨﻣ داﻮﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺗ
ﻧاﺪ
] 18 [ رد باﺮﻄﺿا و ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ و نآ
ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
] 38 [.
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ مﺪﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ،رﺪﭘ تﻮﻓ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا و ﺖﺳا راﺬﮔﺮﺛا كدﻮﮐ
هرود ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 7
ﺶﯿﺑ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺮﺗ
] 39 ، 40 [ و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ زوﺮﺑ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ و
ﺧا و يرﺎﺘﻓر تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺺﻘﻧ لﻼﺘ
- نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ رد ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯿﺑ
ﯽﻣ رﺪﭘ زا موﺮﺤﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
داد ، نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ
ﺶﯿﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر تﻼﮑﺸﻣ و باﺮﻄﺿا و ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا رﺪﭘ زا موﺮﺤﻣ ﺗ
يﺮ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺶﯿﺑ ﺐﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ﺪﻨﻫد
ﻪﺑ ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺮﺗ ﻼﻋ
ﻢﯾ
ﯽﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا
ﺐﯿﺳآ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺘﺣ و ﺪﻨﻫد ﻦﮑﻤﻣ
لﺎﺳ رد ﺖﺳا ﺪﻨﮑﻧ اﺪﯿﭘ زوﺮﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ رد ﯽﮔﺪﻧز يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ
و
رﺪﭘ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﯽﺗآ يﺎﻫ هرود رد
ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ،
ﺶﯿﺑ ار يﺮﺗ دﻮﺧ زا ﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ]
41 [ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ . ﺮﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ
نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ يور ﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﮏﯿﺗﻮﮑ 25
نآ ﺪﺻرد لﻮﻃ رد ﺎﻫ
نﺎﺷرﺪﭘ ،ﯽﮐدﻮﮐ هرود هدﺮﮐ تﻮﻓ
ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ؛دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺪﯾﺪﭘﺎﻧ ﺎﯾ و
لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا 7
دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ]
41 [ زوﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ و
تﻼﮑﺸﻣ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ﺖﺳا ﻻﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ زا موﺮﺤﻣ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ رد
موﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ناﺮﺘﺧد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد رﺪﭘ زا
ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ]
18 [ . رد ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﺶﻘﻧ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ
،دراد نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﯽﺘﺣ
د زا ﻪﮐ ي
ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ نآ رﺪﭘ گﺮﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎ
نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺰﯿﻧ دراد ﯽﺷزرا ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ،تدﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زا يدﺎﻋ ﯽﻣ ﺞﻧر يﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧﺮﺑ .
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ د نﺎـــﺸﻧ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﻠﯿـــﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .دا
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮـﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯿﺼﺤﺗ
رد ﯽﻠ
.ﺪـﺷ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ،ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو تﻼﯿﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،رﺪﭘ ﻞﻐـﺷ نﻮﭼ ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ
،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻦﯾﺪﻟاو زا ﯽﮑﯾ رﻮﻀﺣ مﺪﻋ ﺎﯾ رﻮﻀﺣ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺎﯾ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺶﻧاد ﯽﻠﯿــﺼﺤﺗ .ﺪﻧراﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ زﻮﻣآ
ﯽﺗرﻮــﺻ ﻪﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﻪﮐ
رد
ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ تﺎﯿــﺿﺎﯾر رد ناﺮﺘﺧد ﺖﻓﺮــﺸﯿﭘ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ بﺎـﺴﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻫ ناﺮﺴﭘ درﻮﻣ رد .ﺪﯾآ
ﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا نﺎﺴ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
.ﺖﺳا راﺬﮔ ﺮﺛا ناﺮﺴﭘ ﯽﻣﻼﮐ شﻮﻫ ﺮﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ]
27 [ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ رﻮـﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪـﻄﺑار يدﺎـــﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد .دراد دﻮﺟو يا
ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ .ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﯾد رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ
ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿ
ﯽﻧارﺪﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ و ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﻠﮐ يﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮـﻀﺣ ياﺮﺑ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﻐــﺷ ود ياراد ﻪﮐ تﺎﻋﺎـــﺳ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ شﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ
ﯽﻣ يﺮﭙــﺳ لﺰﻨﻣ زا جرﺎﺧ رد ار يرﺎﯿــﺴﺑ ﻢﮐ طﺎﺒﺗرا ،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ
ﺑ يﺮﺗ ﺎ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد دﻮﺧ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ]
42 [ ﻦﯾا نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻤﻧ ار هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد ترﺪﻗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﻧزﻮﻣآ
] 43 [.
ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎـــﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻢﻫ ًﻻوا ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ
ﻦﯾا و ﺖــﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻣزﺎــﺳ رد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ عﻮــﺿﻮﻣ نﺎ
و ﺖﯾرﻮﻣﺎﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘــﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ
ًﺎﯿﻧﺎـﺛ و دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ دراد دﻮﺟو هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ زا رﺪـﭘ ﯽﯾاﺪـﺟ ﯽﻣ رﺪﭘ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ و ﺪﻨﮐ ناﺮﺒﺟ ار رﻮﻀﺣ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﻣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد رﺪﭘ رﻮـــﻀﺣ ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ يﺎـﻘﺗرا ﻪـﺑ ﮏـﻤﮐ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ د ﯽﯾﻮﺳ زا .دﻮـﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ يﺪﺟ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ يﺎﻫ ﮕﯾ
ﺮ
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا هﺎﭙﺳ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ و ﺖــﺳا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا يرﺎﯿــﺴﺑ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺑﺎــﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ
.دﻮﺷ طﺎﯿﺘﺣا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ رد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﻟو دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻄﺑار دﻮﺟو ﻢﻏر
ﻪ
و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد ،رﺪﭘ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
ﻫ ﯽﯾﺎ
ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺑﻮﺧ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﺿو ﻪﮐ و رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻢﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ رﻮـﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻤﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ رد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﯽﻠﯿــﺼﺤﺗ ﻊــﺿو و ﯽﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﺎﺑ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ رﻮـــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،رﻮـــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖـــﺳا طﺎـﺒﺗرا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ ًارﺎﭼﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧارﺪﭘ و دراد رﻮﻀﺣ ناﺰﯿ
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار دﻮﺧ رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺖــﺳا مزﻻ ،ﺪﻧراد لﺰﻨﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻤﮐ .ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ
ﯽﻧادرﺪـﻗ و ﺮﮑــﺸﺗ :
ﯽﻣ مزﻻ زا ﻢﯿﻧاد هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﯽﯾﺎـﻫ رد ﻪﮐ
،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮـﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﺻﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ
ﺖ
ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ دﺎﺠﯾا
ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ و دﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺒﯿﺘـــﺸﭘ نآ زا و ﯽـــﺷزﻮﻣآ
ﻪﮐ
دﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ حﺮﻃ ياﺮﺟا ياﺮﺑ ار مزﻻ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎــﻤﻫ و يرﺎـﮑﻤﻫ ﺪــﻧ
،
.ﻢﯾروآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1. Calzada J, Eyberg S, Rich B, Quersido J. Parenting disruptive preschoolers: Experiences of mothers and fathers. J bnorm Child Psychol. 2004; 32(2):203−13.
2. Stolz H, Barber B, Olsen J. Toward disentangling fathering and mothering: An assessment of relative importance. J Marriage Fam. 2005; 67(4):1076-92.
3. Kerr D, Lunkenheimer E, Olson S. Assessment of child problem behaviors by multiple informants: A longitudinal study from preschool to school entry. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2007; 48(10):967-75. 4. Ahmadi k, khodadadi G, Akhavi Z, Anisi J. Function of families with disabled children. J Behv
5. Bernstein L. Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2002; 7(1):3-15.
6. Bogaert A. Age at puberty and father absence in a national probability sample. J Adolesce. 2005; 28(4):541-6.
7. Deardorff J, Hayward C, Wilson K, Bryson S, Hammer L, Agras S. Puberty and gender interact to predict social anxiety symptoms in early adolescence. J Adolesce Health. 2007; 41(1):102-4. 8. Roff D. Evolution of life histories: theory and analysis: Springer; 1992.
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،يﺪﻤﺣا ،هﻮﻠﯾ ﺮﯾدﺮﺴﻓا ، هﺪﻨﺑاﺪﺧ ﻮﻟ، يﻮﺧا
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هرود ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 7
