Separation performance of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction column for crude palm oil processing: observation using process simulator

Separation

Performance

of Supelcritical

Carbon

Dioxide

Extractiol Column

for Crude Palm Oil Processing:

Obsel

vation

Using

Process

Simulator

Lim Chee

Siang

Zainuddin

Abdul Manan

A n a N a j u ' a

M u s t a p a

F a c u n y o f C h e n i . d l E n g i r r e e i n g a n d N a ' u r ' . l R e s o r c e s E n € i n e e ' i n t - ' J ' ; " " ' , i

t e K l o l o s [4 ' l a ] s l S k l - o - r i - 8 l l l 0 t o l o r ' Mala\xra : . * " i i , " ' " . n * ' -

" " ; '

P h o u e - 0 0 - - 5 ' 1 ' 5 l 2 l a r 6 0 - 5 ' 8 1 4 ' l

Abstract

S e p a n t . o l b . h | v a u r o l 'I'dc p a t t a t t . . | C P O ' A h i l t

i,1,i,",',' r-',p,,t, t,stvrctide Jatnocid et s 'a|'aote

- , ) : ' ) , , , L " " ' , " " ' " , * ' ' s

o t o c o o t c ' o t o n d B c a r o r n ' ' | : , -

" , r " , , . , . a . a , b a n ! t ' a t t ' l ' h n .aD t N c d u s r ' e ' ' , " . ^ . ' " . r , " "

A s p c t A P t u s o t L b i t i ^ a t l a l d o ' t i:",i"',-" , vrt'c"'It"'at co' hn! 'at'utorcd b' ';:i':,;

;;:"'," n''p",

"q,o,'o,

at !ot' ha css no\

'oii)ii,'

'";

i," r-ro p':ac"ssi"s

br 5upe'r(r'ticat

'o

' . , ' i . . , , " i

, a , ' . ' . " '

' ; , r c s n 1 t ! L a n s t w

\ d Lo e \ n h Q t c ',;;';

;.;,;"', p rlorn ana rh' cfP aI rcn*arc' ' : , " " ; ' ' , , ' , ' ; '

[ ' , . * , ' x ' , r o t d ' n n n . t t s o t w n r c t e ' d " , ; 1 . : t

i ; : : ; , " , _" o , , r h . , n f t . , o ^ t , a t , n a r c D ' o ' t d ( ! ,').''.ll'

^ ""n a: ," rccae'v oJ Dot- ail rG \lerc 'stuttied

at 373K and 20 - ijMPa

Key\\'ord: Crude pal oil, Process smruraro+

sup;rcndcal fluid extraction, sensjtivity analvsrs

Introduction

- h c a r r p l i c d r o n o " , u p e t ' r r l t c a l fl u i d l e c h r ' o l o g y l o r l ' t e ; . ; ; , ; ; ;

' ; ' ; p , r r n c ' c . o n h a ' d n r n r b e l o f p ' o c e s " : n g ; ; ; ; ' ; ; ; , - ; ' . i c o l v e n ' o ' , r r p r o ' e s s n - r n e L r o d ' r r e

i " " . i . , i

" ' * , , , , " t * r ' " r n s r : l o w - r e m D e n r u r e o p e ? r i o n ' : ; ;

' ; i ' ; ; ; ; k . " " " s e p o r x i o r r

r r d r r e ? ' B c r r o ' o f ; ; ; r " " u ; p , * * , o r r e * p o d L ' ' r - u r t r r r t " p L o v e d i , , i " ' r . ' " i ' " , , " - " " " ' r c r , a - c t e r s ' r c s 1 - ' e ' - a I e s e v e r a l . i , i , . '

' i " : a . ^ " " . " " "

( h e leasrbilrq a n d r p p l r c r r r o _{' o l} i ; . " , " ; ; ' ; ; . o n e o f r h . m a r r a p D ' ' a r o n ' o I meLcrrrrcrr nu as i' ir rh" fr€lo o{ scpfiI ol f'-oce'ses o l l i . " r " ' r y _{' " ' r " . " " " ' '} o n o f \ r g l 'Jrre'u\'rancr'fon' i " " " " l , , , i a * ' ' s o n ' e e \ r r n D I e ' r r e I ' r e - e f r r r i n g o r D r r n r " " - l i j 'd;.',"s o r s o v b c ; n o j r l2l'. oeacrdinca'or o t " f " * " n o i : r ' ' n i , . n n i r g o f o l r v e o ' l [ ' 1

o ' I n ] d d ' r i o n ' " t i . , . i r = r . . ' " q *

h i s a l " o b e c r r i r r \ e s - r c i l e d l a ;;;;;; ; r'*,.* ;jlh righ concentr'?ljon-oritandjs e s u e ( i J l l v c r r o l e D e ) a n d l o ( o l h e r o L s

. L r p e r c r r r i . r l I l r d s lr i s a l s o p o s s i b l e i o comb r " n e s "

oDeralions inlo on€ srep, which can be ca jed oul nnder Joderate corditions oi to* r"-p"''atot"- crude paln oil

fCPO) is u valuable sourc€ ofhigh -value mw arerjal for the clremical atd nuoiceutical hdushies

Il is now well established fion nunerous nunitioD sludies ii'"i ."'""

"r "m' components suct as carot€nes and tocoplrerots are destroved or rcmoved bv tle curerrt ' . i " i " " " o . " r " e v .

i e n d e t i n g r h e n u n a r i ' l a b l e fo r ' " , * . i y . r r ' " u s e - o f s u p e r c

r r c l l f l u i d ( n r l e s e l r b e o i l r " ' l n r n i

- r ' t , p a m . rt c l e r e " r r l c e

I o r e r o v r l o f f a n v a c r d r r o m n l q l v " e r r r l e s r n d a s r r r - m n e o u s i m p r o \ e n t n l o f - p a n o ' e o o ,

c l o ' r c r e r k r r c s d a r e s b a c k o l l e p a r e n l ( r e ; . " r e ' ? d D y Z o s e l I lll andCohenlr)d K r r e ' l ) l

To deacidify adjble oils, rpercilical CO'l is abie to * o r r a r . r i , r r d f f A s ' n c e L l ' e i ' !d p o t u b r e s s u l e ] . d . o j u l r l n r e s a r e d i f f e ' e r t t l l 3 l S u p e r c r n r c a l C O ) h s b " e n o l o r c r , a r u b l e s o . l e n r r o d e r c i d l v I l r e C P O r o r d e ' r o p r o a . r c e e r n e a q u r l n v p a l n r o i l ll lal llF d"s;PI ol ialn ojl deacidification process using supercrjtical Co'? ieouiLes furdamental data on phase equilibria' nass tni sier ana lvaroay'amics ot packed colun Publjshed data on the phase equilibriunl I15-l6l and corntercuneu! extruct;on it,ll o{ rixtures containhg CPO and sLrp",cLjrica'Cbu is scarce and limjted lo celi in oleradng ".'airlont. rn tl" ots.n"e of exlensjve

experinienFl data' r t n o d e h n E r o o l s l t o u l d b e r ( e d r o m d \ e e d rc r r e d p r e o i c r i o n s i t L r r e m o s r p r o r u ' i r ' g c o r d r ' o ' ' 3a'{ ' o v e r I T h u s . s e 1.3\t c t r r e d o u r a s n d y o n p h a s e c q u i l r D r ' r | o f ' r ' " i - - ^ _{- ; * , r ' .} C P o - s " p e r c r i r

Thermodvnamic IUodellirg oI C?o-supercr itical Col

Tlre RK-A nodel was appljed to th€ SFE Focess , ' . " i ; ; ; ; : " ; i ; ; , r L a b r e r o i n o d e r r i n g a r r x r u r e o f ; .

" ; ; " r " " " s r r r r r s h r g a s e s

l n ' | e d i J r r r 1 0 h i s l

iiJ:: :; ifii"il. nr:r'-Los

i'sl '' u 'ut'' 'o

*tion

oi

.';i; ,',"' ,'

". exens'or of rle RedU(b-Kwong-soa\e il;',";.i .,;:; fl,e RKA-Eos sas res'€ssed usins rhe

'o',"1

_{*.*;'.; t"* l:9n:,'Yf}

*l:':fi:;l.t'l;.

Drocess si ulator,

:l;J:;.;,"i ;;;'" eq.,iribrium dJra pubr'srrd in thr i,,i.-u,. rq'j"'' rI: represen ' rln tr].A Los Lsed I iiir.

""* r"'f''"i"ri'i the phase

equilibia of the cPo' supercrjlical CO, syslem:

l : s r j r n r r c d b v r l ' e n r e r r ) o d o r D o l u _' r i d B r t r r i e r I ln] EstjDat€d Lr;ing lbe Pilzer melhod I20l

i , " ' l l a

" . r " i o , r , n e d : r a 'rr )0

o c ' obra f f d l o n l ; ; ' ; i ' a ; ; ' " . '-p,rnririn 0iorei'|r' o r e i c a ' i d r T r l o l;coph€rol Il9l; P carotene [22]

X { u l t i s t a g e c o u n t e r c u r r e n t S F E P r o c e s s s i m u l r i i o n Multistage sulercdtical fluid exhactjon.lras eme4€d as an ^ltenrati\,€ lo reDlace traditional seParatrot

processes' " r . . n ' 1 . t . p r r r L , o n o f r t , . r m ' r l v

L b r l e s u b s r a r ( - a n d i r e " n " ] . " . . " ' J i r ' , ' g l

p l r " v p r o d u c r s i s r h e I a r ! - r '2?' ! c o r o n i . a l l y , a c o n r e r c u r r e n r S F E p r o " < r s n r o e ' J ' " ' ' r . * " i " * . r t ' . * * r r l i o n o f 'r'percriric^ '

n r ' d a n

1 i r h r s s r u d ) r ) r e o b l e c r r r e o l d e a c ; d i f i c d L ' o n _{' l u} r x l 'v'" i . i . a , . . , 1 . r r q c o m e n o f r n e p a l n r o i r o r n o r h e r w a ) r o , n c - a s e ' h e L o n c " r t - ! r ' o r o " o $ v o l a l " ( o n ' D o r ' e ' r l I n r , r f i n i e p l ' d q e p o d r ' , I P r io r r o r h e s r m t r a r r o n o f D r l n r o r l deacjdification column, both the ilid dy'rarnc propemes " ' a J e o n u + L q r ' l i b ra fo r C P o -

( o- svsrenl u e r e r a h e n

- . . " " 1 . a " ' " " " ; t o o b r a i l p r o ' e s s

c o r o r r i o n s r h r r a l l o \ the desjrcd separahon

Table 2: Tenperchre-dependeii palarfaclars i d bina1r tntetuctian patalnelerc far pal oilconpanenl:

H-rdrodynrmic 0l Countercurrent SItr lroc€ss ' I ne r.,4y or rhe flutd dvrarni' beh'vroL' o J rl r e p a r m o r l . u n e r c o r i L r l C O s v s r e r n d e r e r m n e ' r l e r a n [ e o l teirperatu'e ana press re of wlrich cou etcun€r! sepiratior is feasibtl Tlt densitv difference ofco-exislrng piiases is crucial as a limjljng factor' _- m assure '.oDntercurrent _{flows and it nxst alvravs} be hjglrer rhan

150 kqhnr jD order to avoid floodnrg [9] For paln orl-suDerc;jtital CO, systern, the deDsitv oI coexrst'ng pnases " i ' i p o - t o _{" i , . i ' $ r s} n ' a s J r " d b ) k a r a P / - []51' 1 4 o c h a d o t 2 a l a n d T € g e t m e r e l f / i ? l [25]

f l ! L . e I s h o w , h e o e n s r r ) d r f r e r e n t e s b F r v e e n l t e c ; r r s r r n c C O r ) r c h a r r d o i c h p r r s c s a r c f f l c r r f u € i i i j i : - x . n '

' r ' " " j r rhe frruie r'e rcquncc d e n ' i . aiir"r"n"" t o

"n]p"**'e

of333 K is nol cornplied above R T

;c;t

l r e r e P N p r e s s L e " n

M P a I P r s u n ' v e 5 d l g r s l o r s l z n r

is.,i; : n.:,r Kr, fr' ren pe'rrrre {rn r,r' v r" Inolrr

' " , " - " , " t ' - " r 1 , r r r n m q V P a m o l ' 'ad D / j n . ; . , '

" r , -,. rl-e ro,-ererg)

a n d c o v o l l n r e p a r a r r e r e r c

' - ' , -1"*t. r n o r r o u s i r ' g

r ' e R ( A L O S r o p r e d r c l l] ' e ; ; ' . . . ' ; i l ; : ' ; .

' . " " k e ) Pllsrcir a'|rd

c a r i ( d l p r o p e n i e s

. . ' ' n "

" l i " i " ' r -*0"*'tL"-wr

e s n r n a r e d a n d t n e r ' l ' t a r v r , , e r " c r i o n p r r n m e r . r s o f t h e e q l r L l o n

. r r . . ' r " ' . " r i * ' p r e v j o u w o r l I l T l r h e R l r A - F O S w a ' ' " i ' J ' . . a * r n a p p l o ! a e n € 3 n ' o f p r e d r c r r r e

p l u 5 e ; ; ; i l ; " ; ; ' ;

" r h . m o i e r

s v s e m re ' e d : n L \ ' s D ' u e r r e " l ' , . . t " ' r . , ' . , ' t t , . C

i n T d b l e I a n d T a h l e 7 $ e r e i r t ' " y . J - ' " . ; " e . a i n a l l o ' l o M n s s i n r l l a i ' l s o i l h i s

Table I: Predictett Phlsical ptoPe'iies ofPure canlPone'1ts t n p a t a u

supercritical COt sYsrens [17]

B i r r ) ' i n t e r i c l i o n

Polar lrctor (4)

l " : 0 0 0 0 ? I - 0 . 2 1 1 7 ib-,0.0006 r+ 0.2021

0 . 0 2 8 1 / - l ] ? 6 5

4=0.000s 7 0.142s

/i! = 0.0004 T- 0 1632

0 u r E 6 7 9 7 8 4 8

/l.= 0.0004 r- 0 0622 [ b = 0 . 0 0 0 4 t _ 0 . 1 ] 4 t 0.004-4 r 1.57t9

/." = 0.001? r- 0.50E2 l b = 0 . 0 0 i 9 I - 2 0 ? 7 2 0 . u 2 1 7 4 6 t 6 5

l " = 0 . 0 0 0 4 r + 0 . 0 8 9 5 nb=-0.0005 r+ 0.0501 0 . 0 2 0 6 7 - 8 . 0 1 5 5

C o n p o n ?, (K) _{7" (K) '} P.(l'Pr) (n'/knt

ot)

8 6 4 . : l 9 4 7 . ) u 1 9 6 . 8 2 r 6 5 0 0 0 . 8 9 0 6

8 7 9 . 9 2 9 5 4 . 1 0 3 6 0 . t 5 l 8004 0.9'7)7 646.52 8 r 3 . 5 6 r 2 5 0 . 1 90 8 1 0 4 4 . 3 1 7 2

't94-52 9 3 6 . 9 1 8 1 8 4 5 I 1 9 4 6 0 . 4 5 3 3

f s o o i q o o : ioo

; t 0 0

Dr:s"rr€ ol 2) MPa uhrcn is u rhin tl € pressu e rtnqe of il;",:'i;';.. ;'''r ,e,rDer'rure lanse.oi,= K and i'i.."* ,."t.

"r:o l0MPawere

cons dered lol rl'e SIE :;;i.,,';;,i; d'{,erer'ce- in dens:'|v ale hjlh enousrr IoI ihe operatiol of a countercur rcnt process

l 5 3 l ( 3 3 3 l ( 6 0 0

Fie rc l: Densi4) diflercncebetwee coe*ting Phases qf Pah oil- Co)sYste'fl

v r e l d \a s p e r f o 1 l e d L s r n g l h e A s p e n P l u ' @ 1 0 2 ' D'oce's

iil"';;.'a;p,

","" airarvsis

generar\ res''ed jn a i.ii"l",'r-"i'**;"" for oDr'mLr' operdr'ng !ondiio'' il;" ;;; ;..;",' r\ar r r'rgi'er sohenl dersrq orren

t i e l d i r r . a h r g h e o z a r n g 3 r d a d e - r e a s " d s e l e ( t r v r )

Fisurc 2: SFE Pracess low diagrcn lot d eici'lilic atian co tltnn

Efect ofStage Number

The renovai of FFA fiom CPO ir a 'onlinuous ;;;;;;;";" exnactjon cohrn can be e''l'rced bv r ' " " " . " - i l . n u r r r b e r o f e q u r l i b r r t ' r r ' " ' g e s ' w e u a ' ' n L l i s o c i o p e n r r o n lo r o p e n r i o n

s r ( f d i l l e - n ' s 1 3 g e * m l e r l f " - , ] $ . r s in n o d r c e d r n r o l h e r o D o i l h ' c o n r n x r , ! i , * . r , . r " r h . s c a . e r n e rn n l e n c e o r s r r b e n u n r b e o r ; ; ; " ; ; - " ; ; . " " _{1 " ,} r r , e p " o d u c r i o r o r 0 * ' e o I- F A pahn oil was consrdered.

l : e J r e 3 J . o $ ' r h e c l f e ( r o f 'rice -numbcr o n r h e * i " " " " ' . t . r " " i " , , _{' i ' t r o u r} " \ l e n ' a l r c f l u r I 1 i K r r r d zri :o upu. For a given operaiioD' tlre separanor o " . t o r r . t n . . o i c l O 4 " " . d i f r " r r o n p l o ' e s { a s r r D I o v e 0 " l ' " ''li** ; " , r " , " e . " r n r b e r ' A c r | c n J n r b e

o f s r a L e ' s t u , . , . " t . . .

' 1 . -t."'"U "

r r e r r r d c o n l r c l r n E r r ' a b ' l u e e r r h e c o e x r t i n g p l t r e . o ' C O - D ' r m o j - s ) " l e l r a r e ]"-

"";l"J,J,r'1,

*"son, the mixture separabilirv and ;rence the pxrity ofFFA jn extiact phase of re extraclro'r coluru jncreases q'ilh re nlrnber of sra ges

Process

IUodeling

atrd

Sirnulation

C o u n e ' c r , l p o c e s s n r J ' 3 n o r s o r n t r r e . A s o c n P I L ' ' @

;#Ji;;i

** *.a

_"

sor\e

no$xh'er

moder'n!

. ] . t [ " .

' " " f " " , ' . ' . a

t n r r r i i r o r ' { r o o b ' a r ! b e t l e t i " . ' " r i ,

' " ' . * , " p " , i r i ' ' o p l ' a e ' a l o r g .

r h e s e D " r ' 1 o n :::;:":.

^;"J PrL',@ process slmuraro

$crud€s i i i , . " " i t , * .

- o

p " v s ' c c t p r o p ' t ' " s J n i r o p e l r l i o r L s il;;'",;;;; .o,'

"n,rv.i' opLrnrrzanon

il.;:;:

,1;;"i,i;;

_'

e"''reru

,r:meri'l

ar 'oor to pe{orm

f""i,r".

_'",".'

o.',t",

_"-rv"'

_,,

s 'n''flli

"|l

E

Derforfled or) a sland_alore ( q1u' _-o

w i " i . - '

" 0 . " , 1 " s 'v ' ' ' m

r u t u ) i r t g q r I r Pertr r r l r I l l r ' 0 GHz pLocessor'

The calcul1lljon for count€rcurrenl SF€ process was " . i ' " , 1 . . J " ' ' " t " . ' " " ' e p l

o t l r e o r e r i " a l s r a s e s ' r ' s h r c r r i r i * " i " " ' _{' *} e r ' ' r r t o c ' s c r d e o ' f l ' s h . n r o d ' r l e F r c r r : ; : *

^ , - , r . , . r " # " * , , s . , ) n e d r s a "'ngle na'l"rr fi)ied

illliJj-. ;;;,; ';t. L s:ng

rhe

nrodr'ral

{nr(tu

e o{

; , ; ; ; ; . " I r i ; ' ' ' 1 , : g o r o , ( s e q L e n , ' d r s " " u r l ' I o ' r o I r r r e l i ,

" " " . i ". . ' - " r " ' l r e l . a u s i n g f i 3 s h s e p ' t

a r o r I F L A S H 2 l

11;;i;;';., ii. *'.uc' o'no'r'

_'oa'rres

i-

'cco'Idrnce

' ; . i ; ; ; " r , h e o , e , ' . a r

s e p a r ' r ' o n r n i t r r ' e p r o c e ' s

ii"" il,.'j", t',r'"'"''crir'c:r co- evnacrion

cor'rrm

i'

. i , " * " ; , i r ' i ,

" : ^ I i r i a r i o n o f r l r e u n b e r o f I h e o r e r r c ' l , , : ; ; ; i ; i

" r ' " . . ' , ' a r u b r e ' p r c l i d e "

i l f o r m a r i o n o n i r , . ' " , , r n

"

r i , e p r o a " n ' s i r h d r i l e r e r l r r ) L r n D e r o f t h e o i e n c a l s t a 3 e s a n d o p e l a r i r g c o r r d r l r o n s

Results

and Discussion

Once rlre feasible operadrg condiLjons \\'ere detemined' ' . i - , " o I ^ . r . ' ' . '

o f s e n a r r r r o n r r o c € s c p r ' " n r e r e r r i , . : ,

" i ' : ' 1 " , ' , . o r ' ' u g "

evaluated at 3?0 K and 20-30 MPa AI loNer S/F iloq' Iatio. hieher FFA contenl was obtained iD the €xtracl dlre to highe; solubilily offafty acids jlr suprrcritical CO, ln contlast, as S/I val e increases, the TG co lent nr tire extract increases as rnore of tire feed dissolves in lhe COr-nc! supercritical nuid phase Si rdtalreolsly, the raffinate ! h a , e ri s o b e . o m e s n c h e r i n 1 C a s rh e S F , 1 r o j r ' c r e d s e s ire to an ;'rcreas" tu the setectivitv of tle supercitical CO, solvent as S/F flon' ratio increases. Accord g ro Sim6es zt al. 1261, th€ \,adation ofsolvenl and feed stream flow rates wrth S/F ratio kepl constaft did Dot signjficanllv afect th€ corllposilions oilhe extrad aDd raffi)Mle phases

Sol!rtrrlo-Ftcd Rrrio

Figute 5. EJJect ofS/F ratia on the seP1rltiar behariara': CPA'Co,srste'l

liqure 6 shows an nrcrcase tu S,F flow ratjo causes a decrease in the recovery of pahr oil jn the mffinare phase As the S,tr flow ratjo increased, sorne of dre TG injiiallv p r e s e f r in rne ieed r. dr.solved i 1 r i e s u f e r L r r c ' f l - i d D h a s e Ih d r r , , I ' e m a s , r a r ' o b e r q e e n r h e t - f f r r i " l n d ;xtuct flow decteases. T|e product qualitv nrcr€ased \\'ith an increased nr fie S/F ratio wher€as tlle recolerv of product decreased. For a gjven calculanon, il is

'orcluded ilrat effective separation is achjeved bv renoval of FFA iom tire bottom prodlct witl iriglrer S/F ratio. Ho ever. opti al condition it leu1s of both lhe seleclivity and the recoverf could notbe decided easily

El€ct ol Reflox Rntio

The nrfluence ofreflux flow on countercuneni extraclion oICPO mixiures was irvesligat€d at 373 K a d l0 MPa with a flxed SF flow latio and a range olreflux punp-rales for a l2-stage colu]nn. For eacb oleration, th€ reflux snean was inlroduc€d into |] e top (slage l) ofthe "1tr'nr

F r c u r e _ s l o v s l l " e l f e c l o l r e l ' l J \ r r l ' o o n r l ' e c o r n p o s . r o n o J r l , e p r o d J c r r r e f i n e d _{P i l m o j l r i ^ r r l r r c P O} mixture at 373 K and 30 MPa wnh S/F ratio of 40. 'nre FFA conieDl in rle refined palnl oil and lop producl ircrcased wi r incrcased in lle reflux miio These resulls show that the reflLrx of dre top product js a rewardjrg technology not for tle fracliotalio! of CPO but lor th€ concenhado| of higlr volatile componenL such as FFA Fif

F ' e " P 3 E c . t o l s t a g . \ u h i L P ' o ' t h e ' e p a r a ' i o ' bchal nNlot CPA'Col

- Fiaure 4 slows rhe efeci of equitibilrm stage on llre oriau"t t""o,,.,r' the rafiinat€ phas€ R€covery of iefined palnr oil was fouDd siraduallv indessed vnh ar ilcrease'in tlre stage number' Cons€quentlv, tlre ren1oval of FFA was achievea without decr€ase in oil tecoverv ll caD be conchded thal increase in the number of stag€s nrcreases the s€panbility subject to the ecoDomic constrainl as the opdnum number of slages is a tade_off belween the colun1l capital atd the operating cost

1 0 0

o

l o 6 8 t a 1 2 l 4

N!'nbcr otSl.ges

Fi4ne 4: Eflecl afs1aEe nu]nba'on the prcauct recoret]'

Eficct ol Soh'c'1tto-F€ed Rrtio

Th€ flos, mte oI swercdiical CO, solvenr r an rnrportanr faclor to desjcn the €xtracljon process' Counlercr'urent extTactio tor the Foducljorr of lefined palm oil was Derfonned usnrg l2-s1ag€ colun]n lvjthoul exlemal reilur' ioL each operation, CPO feed was inioduced jnto ilre lop oftle collmn (Sl:Ige i)

Fjslre 5 shotr's the effecl of S/F flow rario o' llre on the FF:A conlenl of the ex!.cl lhase and raffinale ph'se was

! {

- 8 0

, ^,,

._, E ro

I 8 0 0 r 6 0 0 t 400 1 2 0 0 _I 1 0 0 0 _i

600 ; ?

200 0

o o o o o

2 0 M P a . 3 ? l l < {- Rclined Oil Reco!€ry -E Solved-lo-FeedRalio

8 3 5

r 6 5

- n - 2 0 M P a , 3 7 3 K -+- 30I4Pa, 373 K

Conclusions

Pure conDolreDi paranreters for tbemaliy labile palm oil conDoneDts were estimal€d usirg lh€ metlrod proposed oui i,revio,rs

-o* tt;l

phas€ equilibriurn calcDladon for

.^i.i

";l **oo'i*ti-supercitical Co: mjxtures is oossible ty nrtodLrcing mix g rules for pule conponent

p a r r m e r € r s a n d b y d s r n g r h e b i r l a r y i L r e l s r r i o n ! a l a n r r e ( e i n u r v u t ' " s e e q u l ' r U _{' u n r} d r a r ' o s o l J b r r i - o a r a f o r p a l r ' oit c,i'rpo"enti wirh sup€rcrrtjcal CO, i! tlre lil€rature *"'" oria fot birary interaction param€tels _"rlelatlon' Hiqli Dressure eqDiljbiurn data belq'een the orr

*i'po*"tt -*"

not *uilable in the litelatur€, lherefor€ onh. the ixemctlon Paramelers between tbe palm ojl componelns and CO: were cousidered in $e calculinon

The use of conputer sin lation teclrniques is particulariy advantaseous foL rhe desigr of SFE processes, siDce i1 aUows a broad range of operating coDditions and process corfisuralions to be exploted qujcklv aDd easilv Usrrg ihe deveroped R(A tbermodvM ic mod€l ard the proposed s L e a c v - s r a r e e q u i l i b r r l l m s l a g P e ) i o a c l o r n r o d e ' b l - L p.ocess sirnulations were applied to explore the feasible operating domanr for the !rcduction ot refined qualrtv palm oii usirg su!ercriljcrl COr'

Acl(Do\\'ledgement

The authoL wolrld like 1o tlalt Unilersili T€l(nalogr Malaysia (UTM) for providing the UTM lndusnial arrd

l e r l n o l o c v D e r c o p : n ' n r F ' l l o \ s h i p A s ! ' d T l e a J l l ' o ' a ) . o a c k r ; r . e d q e s r r r e _{P r o ' s r o r o f A ' p e n l' h ' rPelers'} 10.2.1) by Aspen TechDologv lnc fot research aDCl docunentalion puryoses

R e l e r e D c e

I 1 l O o i , C . K , B h a s k a r , A , Y e t e r , M S , T u a l ' D Q ' Hsu. J- and Rizvj, SSH Conlirruoxs Sup€rcrtlcal

Carbon Djoxide Processug otPalm Ail J A ail Chem. Sac , 1996,'73(2): 233-23 7

I 2 1 L i s r , G . R , K i t g , J w , J o l m s o n , J H , w a i r e r , K and Mounls. T L Sulercrilical CO, DegullrrDrg and Physical Refining of Sovbean OiI J A ail Chen'

Soc., 1993,'7 0(s): 473'a16 Figu|e 6. Elfecl af S/F rctio on the Prcduct recoveD)

? 0

x J 0

n J 0

E

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, { e f l u x I l ' l i o

Le',t. Lttc.t _{atrctlt' 'atto ot rn' cotpa"t} on oltot . , , i n t o , , p , o A ' , ' " , t S Z : K o t d r A ttPa Sr'o aoJ40

Fiqure 8 slows tle efiect ofreflux latio on the rccovery of ieired paln oil tu tbe raffirrate ptrase Recoverv ofrefmed palm ojl tucreased in the reflux raiio, whereas _'rec'easeo ilith increase in SIF ntio

-.F Conrposition of Exn"cl -s- Composillon of Raftnale

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Bnrlletti, L., Dagbetia, A , Fedeli, E , Kikic, T a'd Z " n d e r j e h r . | . b e a c r d j f i c a r , o n o r o l r v e O j l b v S r . p e r c r i r r c c C r r b o r ' D i o r r d e J . r ' , O ' t C \ ' u S o t ' 1 9 8 9 , 6 6 ( 8 ) : 2 0 9 - 2 1 7 .

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l l s l A s p e n T e c l m o l o g v l n c A S P E N P L . t J f . l r s e t C u ' | e

' -' i"i ii. n*** /r', i cambrrdge

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a l D o l l f l . R. and B)rrnner' G A n l - s r i m r r i o r \ 4 ] h o d i o ' 'l"r.rr*. Tb, fc, Fc alcl -r Fronr Ine L q!:d Mola Volul le and rhe Vapot Pre-ule P-a at 111P ) 't*i't'," 1",. at iupercritical Fluids

1994 24I' 248.

2 0 r R e r d , C P l a u q l i v J \ 1 a n d P o l r P B E f l '*' ;;;;.;'^ i7 c*.

^" Liq'rdr' d' En'don \e$ Yo*: MccLalv-Hill 1987

: l r L o I | n o . M . \ ' . . l u n g e f l n a m . L . \ o ! r s f A r r ' d ' ' " . " - ' , 1 " . _{N o u r i " B o ; \ r y ' t " d u s n a t} o ' t a d ral

i : i , i , , n " ^ , / a " E d i n o n N e w 'o ' , ( : T o r D w i l e y & S o n s 1 9 7 9

l 2 2 l w e . . r , R C A q l e M l c r ' d B e w r " w H ( n ' ' " i",lti" r

" r c , " ' , ' " ' r n " i P " y . r c r ' B o c a R a o n F L C R C P r e s s , I n c . 1 9 9 0

l 2 J r A r r J _{' - ' 0} o . M l M r . h d d o ' N T a n d M e i r e l e s M A i l J . ' i " g * " p l " ' Equrhbr'umof^sovbel oil n " . a " i ; " * b t i r r , ' * _' S u p e r c ' r r ' a r C a - n o n D i o \ i d e

i'i'u Gp"u'r"u'*'

EoF Ind Ens arcn Res'

2A01 , 40: 1239-1243 '

l 2 a i M 3 c , a d o , N T r n d B r u n e ' C H i g r P r e s r e ' V d D o F l t q u i d LqLrilrbris of P! m Irrv Ac'd o;it rut"r'-c*uo" Djoxide Systen cti'ct' e

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