Australian ICT Statistical Compendium 2013

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Australian Computer Society Inc. (ACT) ARBN 160 325 931

National Secretariat

Level 11, 50 Carrington Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box Q534, Queen Victoria Building, Sydney NSW 1230 T +61 2 9299 3666 | F +61 2 9299 3997

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Australian ICT Statistical

Compendium

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About the Australian Computer Society.

The Australian Computer Society is the professional association for Australia’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector.

In everything we do, our goal is to help our members be the best they can be. We’re passionate about recognising professionalism, developing ICT skills and building a community with a true sense of belonging.

Our members are committed to the pursuit of excellence and the highest standards of professional conduct. We strive for ICT to be recognised as a driver of innovation in our society, relevant across all sectors.

We help our members realise their professional ambitions in the global economy, making the most of an era of extraordinary possibility.

We are also the voice of Australian ICT, representing all practitioners in business, government and education. Our Code of Ethics upholds professional standards while our advocacy and policies help our profession thrive.

Visit www.acs.org.au for more.

About the Editor.

The Editor and lead researcher of this publication is Ian Dennis.

Ian Dennis has been the lead researcher and editor of the ACS ICT Statistical Compendium since it was first published in 2009. He has been involved in gathering and analysing ICT statistics since the first ICT software industry survey in 1982.

Ian is well known as the Managing Director, then Chairman, of Whitehorse Strategic Group, and is “Gateway” accredited by the Australian, Victorian, West Australian and New Zealand Governments. He has led and participated in a number of Gateway reviews of major Government ICT projects1. He is also a member of the ICT Sector Advisory CommitteeofInnovation and Business Skills Australia (IBSA), and has served on UN and European Commission Expert panels.

About the Centre for Innovative Industries Economic Research Inc.

CIIER is an Australian think-tank developing and analysing consistent, competently researched, up-to-date data on employment, markets, revenue streams, R&D, processes and management methods, for high technology, innovative, and emerging industries. CIIER conducts the ‘Top 250’ ICT Industry Survey, is recognised as a leading indicator of trends in the Australian ICT industry, and conducts analysis and reporting on Information Technology and other high technology industries.

1_{Gateway is the Federal and State Government mandated quality and performance review process for} multi-million dollar ICT and Infrastructure projects.

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Data in this publication, and this publication itself, are copyright. Other than for the purposes of and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright Act, no part of it may be in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission.

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Why this publication?... 6

At a Glance ... 7

States and Territories at a Glance ... 8

Defining ICT ... 9

ICT economic contribution ... 12

Who we are ... 21

Learning ICT ... 32

ICT Migration... 37

Women in ICT ... 38

What we are Paid ... 41

ICT Industry ... 46

How do we compare?... 59

AWPA projections on growth in key ICT occupations ... 76

A model for reform of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 - Codes and Titles ... 79

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Why this publication?

Information Communications Technology (ICT) is now embedded within every sector of our economy and in every part of our lives both as an opportunity and a risk yet policy makers are constrained by a lack of up to date and accurate data relating to ICT. Australia does not know the real worth of its ICT workforce or economy. Many of the current classifications used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics relating to ICT activity are not suited to accurate and up to date measurement of trends in a modern digital economy, especially in migration and employment analysis and key data is dispersed through multiple agencies.

Since 2009 the Australian Computer Society Statistical Compendium seeks to address this issue by producing an annual ICT Statistical Compendium to combine quality ICT related data into a single summary report, as part of the ACS commitment to improving ICT outcomes in Australia. The Compendiums have been very well received by the ICT profession, ICT industry, and by Governments around Australia. The Compendium in recent years included the first accurate measures of Australia’s digital economy at over $100bn and, depending on classification, between 6.9% and 16.8% of GDP. The Compendium was also the first report to accurately forecast Australia’s pressing ICT skills issues. This year CIIER has again been engaged to provide an update to the ACS Compendium, including new analysis on the economic value of ICT and its significance to the Australian economy.

The objective of this report is to produce a series of ‘snapshots’ of statistical data on the ICT workforce for ACS members, industry and government, incorporating statistics on the Australian ICT sector, ICT higher and vocational education, ICT trade, and ICT employment and skills.

As with each edition, this compendium does not include all of the available data, but we have tried to amass a range of data addressing the main questions that challenge policy makers. In some cases, where no later data could be identified, but the data is considered still highly relevant, information has been repeated. In other cases, such as data on ICT usage, where data has been covered extensively in previous editions, but has not changed materially, it has not been reprinted.

As a vendor and technology agnostic organization, the ACS aims to continue to assist policy makers involved in the ICT sector by providing the latest available data, and to provide a tool for ICT professionals and the ICT industry, and for businesses that deal with the ICT sector.

The Project team for this compendium was led by CIIER director Ian Dennis under the guidance of ACS’ Adam Redman; and included Whitehorse associates Phil Kowalski and Suzana Grbesa. We especially wish to thank for their generous assistance with their advice and access to data, for this and previous reports, staff from ABS and DEEWR, and industry colleagues Martin Reschke, Graeme Philipson, Bob Olivier, Marcus Bowles and John Houghton, among many others. We hope that you find the ACS Australian ICT Statistical Compendium 2013 useful.

Sources and Acknowledgments

ACS and CIIER express our grateful thanks to the organisations which have contributed to this project, by allowing access to data (either direct to the ACS or via CIIER), including:

Australian Bureau of Statistics Working Futures

Department of Education OECD

Department of Employment NCVER

Australian Department of Immigration and Border Protection ITU

CSES (Victoria University) Tradedata IBSA

Hudson IBM / IBISWorld

Greythorn Australian Tax Office

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At a Glance

Summary table of key national statistics

Measurement

Statistic Period

Source

Trend

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Total ICT workers in Australia

597,700 Feb 2013 ABS Labour Market Survey Feb 2013, ICT Industry logistics CIIER 2013

Increase by nearly 10% over 2012, in ICT sales, operations, and trade occupations. 3

Total ICT Technical, Professional, Management, Trade staff

470,646 Feb 2013 ABS Labour Market Survey Feb 2013, CIIER extract

Continued growth over 20 year cycle. Recovery from 2009, 7% growth since 2012.

Total ICT Technical, Professional, and Management staff

387,013 Feb 2013 ABS Labour Market Survey Feb 2013, CIIER extract

Steady growth to 2008, static until 2012, 1.5% growth in last year Contribution to GDP by ICT 6.9% Feb/March 2013

CIIER calculations, based on Labour market Feb 2013 and National Accounts March 2013

Not measured by ABS since 2003, then 4.6% on “inputs”. Estimated last year at 8.9% by “outputs”

Digital Economy annual Contribution to the Australian Economy

$100.62 Billion

August 2011 CIIER, Deloitte Access Economics, IBISWorld

ACS calculated this measurement in 2011, representing the first calculation in Australia of the value of the Digital Economy

Total ICT Domestic annual University enrolments

19,660 2011 DEEWR 6% increase since 2009

Total ICT Domestic annual University completions

3,240 2011 DEEWR Slight improvement after

55% + decline 2003-2012

Total temporary ICT migrants to Australia

8, 530 per annum

2009-10 DIMIA, CIIER calculation Was increasing rapidly to beginning of 2008, declined in 2008-9 and 2009-10.

Employees in ICT Industry. (Companies supplying ICT goods and Services)

297,000 Dec 2012 CIIER T250 2012 , ABS Labour market analysis Feb 2013

Over 2% ICT Industry employment growth in last year, despite reductions in Telcos

Revenue of ICT Industry $91 Billion Dec 2011 CIIER T250 2011 Telecommunications revenue growing slightly, sectoral variations

ICT R&D $5,704

Million

20010-11, 2009-104

ABS 2013 Continuing recovery from long-term decline, led by business R&D

ICT exports(excluding re-exports)

$4,528 Million

2008-9 CSES 2010, ABS Tradedata

Dip in 2009, after gradual recovery to 1999-2000 export levels, but with an increasing trade deficit

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CIIER trend assessments

3_{Last year some ICT trade and sales occupations had not been properly classified.} 4

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States and Territories at a Glance

Summary table of key regional statistics

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Measurement NSW

VIC

QLD

SA

WA

TAS

ACT

NT

Total ICT workers6

192,194 155,441 84,264 33,375 44,925 4,380 24,433 4,079 ICT proportion of

total State

work-force 6.30% 6.68% 5.24% 4.78% 6.32% 2.73% 12.79% 3.70%

Total ICT Technical, Professional, Management,

Trade staff 192,194 155,441 84,264 33,375 44,925 4,380 24,433 4,079 Total ICT Domestic

annual University

enrolments 6,317 5,576 3,996 962 1,581 351 636 112

Total ICT Domestic annual University

completions 1,062 988 620 172 210 65 94 11

Employees in State ICT Industry. (Companies supplying ICT goods

and Services) 121,195 86,409 39,171 17,271 21,179 3,231 7,826 1,065

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Sources and currency are derived from the national data, in some cases, where not otherwise obtainable, estimates have been made by CIIER, based on historical paradigms.

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Defining ICT

The ICT sector

Previous editions of the ACS ICT Statistical Compendium have commented at length on the significant difficulties in accessing official data to allow us to understand the ICT sector both in labour market (what job the individual does) and in industry ( what sort of organisation the individual works for) terms. Clearly ICT is evident in every industry sector, but unfortunately ICT is not yet recognised in official statistics as an Industry sector of significance in its own right. ACS and CIIER consider that this confusion will remain until the current Industry and occupational statistical metrics used in Australia are updated to reflect the pervasiveness and reality of ICT in the 21st century.

ABS Limitations

This year, ABS has further limited the ICT labour market data they consider to be statistically valid enough to release for this Compendium. We were pleased that ABS agreed to use the CIIER occupation groupings as an acceptable aggregation approach for estimating employees by State and Industry sector but remain concerned that some of the more detailed occupational data we have been able to access in previous years is now not available. It is disappointing that proper levels of data gathering and analysis to such important economic data are not available and the ACS continues to work closely with the ABS to support the resolution of this issue.

ICT broad employment occurs in a number of groupings. These include:

 the providers of ICT goods and services (usually called the ICT industry)

 the purchasers and users of ICT goods and services including the government and private sectors who also employ a large number of specialists to help them apply their ICT purchases

 the trainers, teachers and researchers into ICT who generally (but not always) operate within the universities and colleges

 people who provide technical support to ICT, but who might, more properly, be categorised as electrical or electronics specialists

 people working in call-centres, or in desk-top publishing and graphics design

There are a significant percentage of ICT professionals in the ICT industry, but ICT industry employment includes not only those professionals but also many ICT non-professional technical, sales, logistical and administrative staff.

ANZSCO and ANZSIC

ANZSCO (Australia, New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations) is a multi-level nomenclature essential to the understanding of employment statistics. The upper level (the 2-digit level) is meant to bring like occupations together so they can be aggregated. Unfortunately, the ICT occupation grouping at this level leaves out some occupations that we, and others, would consider are, wholly or in part, within ICT. Accordingly, simple extracts from employment data of the “ICT” ANZSCO group can easily lead to inadvertent understatement of the actual position of ICT employment. In this report, we have identified the key ANZSCO classes from which the ICT analysis is derived.

The ACS maintains a more appropriate classification of ICT occupations is urgently required to understand the ICT sector and the “digital economy’ in Australia and thus inform ICT policy with a clear, verifiable set of metrics, preferably by reference to the Skills Framework for the Information Age7.

ANZSIC (Australia, New Zealand Standard Industry Classification), can be even more misleading for policy formulation, as it has an upper level ICT grouping “Information Media and Telecommunications”, that

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Skills Framework for the Information Age © http://www.sfia.org.uk

ICT policy needs to be informed with a clear, verifiable set of ICT occupation and ICT industry metrics, A more appropriate classification of ICT occupations and ICT industry components is required to properly

understand the ICT sector and the “digital economy’ in Australia.

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is presumed by general economists, and other commentators, to be the ICT industry. These commentators, some of them eminent in their field and therefore presumed to be correct, make comment without realising that in employment terms this ANZSIC group includes less than half of the employment of the “real” ICT industry, and actually includes some non-ICT elements, ( TV, radio, Print media, and libraries), while excluding the numerically larger Software and Services ICT industry sector, which is instead included as a misnamed sub-set (Computer Systems Design) within the upper level grouping “Professional, Scientific and Technical services”. This confusion was most evident in 2013 during uninformed debates in the media about ICT 457 Visa workers.8

“Information Media and Telecommunications” also leaves out the ICT hardware manufacture, ICT wholesale and retail trade, and ICT consulting sectors, which are scattered across a number of other ANZSIC classifications.

This continued incorrect analysis impacts upon published calculations of ICT revenue, exports, and ICT GDP/GVA, which regularly become a synonym for economic importance, and are frequently understated for ICT but overstated for the ANZSIC industry classifications in which the missing ICT industry sectors are hidden.

In this report, we have tried, wherever possible, whilst not altering figures derived from these misleading categorisations, to indicate the estimated “true” value of the ICT industry component of each of these measures.

The ICT industry

Major sectors within the ICT industry include:

 IT services, systems integration and software support

 Internet services and telecommunications

 Software and digital content development

 Wholesale and retail distribution of software and hardware

 Manufacture of ICT products and components

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has measured the ICT Industry intermittently as a specific exercise since 1996, with its last report now over five years old representing the period 2006-7 (cat 8126.0) and published in October 2008. This report was referenced for the ICT industry data in the 2009 ACS ICT Statistical Compendium.

Since 1998, the Centre for Innovative Industries Economic Research Inc has conducted an annual survey, on a smaller survey sample, modelling the ICT industry in a similar manner to ABS. The ICT industry data for the 2013 Compendium will again draw upon CIIER’s December data from the previous year.

In the 2011 Compendium we noted that further confusion was increasing with the use of the terms “Digital Economy” and “Internet Economy”, to describe those elements of the economic processes of all industries impacted by ICT, or by the specifics of internet based ICT, and in some cases the productive elements (labour, infrastructure etc.) that make these possible.

Australia’s Digital Economy, logically, is all of the ICT industry, and a significant proportion of almost every other economic sector that uses ICT. Mining, healthcare, education, government, wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, transport, and other sectors all rely on ICT goods and services, and are therefore participants in the digital economy.

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http://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2013/9/4/technology/457-visa-balancing-act

“Internet economy” is an economically irrelevant

varying subset of the Digital economy. The choice to use internet

based ICT or internal organisational ICT is made

for technical, financial, data security or operational control reasons - and those decisions change over

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ACS and CIIER do not consider the term “Internet economy” a valid economic sub-sector, as it is a varying subset of the Digital economy. The decision whether to use internet based ICT or internal organisational ICT is one that is made for many reasons - technical, financial, data security or operational control - and those decisions change over time. The distinction is economically irrelevant, other than for ICT suppliers whose markets are internet focussed products and services. Unfortunately, these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, and the more narrow definition of “Internet economy” may therefore lead to conservative interpretations of the significance of the Digital economy, and thus of the ICT industry and ICT profession that creates and maintains it.

The term "ICT Industry" can range from the "tight" definition of companies solely concerned with the provision of ICT products and services, but which includes companies with major units supplying ICT goods and services, through to a "looser" definition that may include retail ICT, call centres that are mainly parts of other industries (e.g. banking), and significant sections of the electronics industries and professional services (e.g. management consultants and, historically, accountants). ICT Industry is sometimes used as a "broad" definition for anyone working on ICT related matters in any industry.

“ICT Industry” in this publication refers to the tighter ABS and CIIER definitions; we have used the term “ICT worker” for the broader definition.

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ICT economic contribution

Dealing with the Real Australian economy

Australia’s economy can be looked at two ways, both are important:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tells us the economic significance of parts of the economy.

Employment tells us the work-force significance of parts of the economy.

Contribution to GDP by Industry sectors

Source: Derived from 5206.0 Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product Table 6. Gross Value Added by Industry, Chain volume measures, analysed by CIIER

Finance and Insurance 11.4%

Public Administration and Safety

5.7%

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 5.8% Manufacturing 8.3% Construction 8.4%

Health Care and Social Assistance

7.1%

All other industries, ( including Agriculture and Mining)

16.9%

Wholesale and retail sales 10.3% All other services

10.6% Information Technology,

Professional services, Education, and media

15.5%

Information, media and professional services, together with the Education sector, (often referred to as the “Knowledge Industries”), are among the largest contributors to the Australian economy.

Agriculture and Mining, which receive far more attention, economic support and subsidies , even when they are statistically combined with utilities and a number of other, smaller industries in the pie chart above, contribute only 1% more GDP to the Australian economy than the Knowledge Industries do. Manufacturing, with the third largest level of Government assistance, after mining and agriculture, contributes just over 8.3%.

Contrary to popular belief, Information, media

and professional services, together with

the Education sector, (the “Knowledge

Industries”), are among the largest contributors to the Australian economy.

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Economic Growth by Industry Sector 2007-2013, Source: CIIER, derived from ABS National accounts March 2013

All other industries, ( including Agriculture and Mining),

$10,842 Information Technology,

Professional services, Education, and media , $8,618

Health Care and Social Assistance, $6,085 Finance and Insurance, $5,797

Wholesale and retail sales, $4,657 Construction, $4,568

Transport, Postal and Warehousing, $2,660 Public Administration and

Safety, $2,630

All other services, $1,756

Manufacturing, $663 -$10,000 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $ milli o n

Knowledge Industries also include the fastest growing sectors of the overall economy.

GDP March 2007 GDP March 2013 Economic growth Growth % Knowledge Industries: Information Technology, Professional services, Education, and media

$25,320 $33,938 $8,618 34.04%

All other industries, (including Agriculture and Mining)

$38,696 $49,538 $10,842 28.02%

Wholesale and retail sales $18,173 $22,830 $4,657 25.63%

$26,881 $32,966 $6,085 22.64%

Construction $22,446 $27,014 $4,568 20.35%

Finance and Insurance $48,221 $54,018 $5,797 12.02%

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

$23,950 $26,610 $2,660 11.11%

All other services $16,511 $18,267 $1,756 10.64%

Public Administration and Safety $33,834 $36,464 $2,630 7.77%

Manufacturing $19,066 $18,403 -$663 -3.48%

A strong and combined focus on the Knowledge Industries and, in particular, the ICT component of Knowledge Industries taps into and enhances this economic growth.

In Employment terms, the Knowledge Industries are even more significant. As Mining and Agriculture have become more automated, their economic contribution is found mainly in exports, which are, of course, subject to variations in global demand, rather than in employment.

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Contribution to Employment by Industry sectors Source: Derived from Feb 2013 Labor Market data, analysed by CIIER

Finance and Insurance 4%

6%

Transport, Postal and Warehousing 5% Manufacturing 8% Construction 9%

12%

6%

Wholesale and retail sales 14%

All other services 18% Information Technology,

Professional services, Education, and media

18%

The Knowledge Industries are now the most significant employers in the Australian economy, with more than twice the work-force of the Manufacturing sector, three times that of Agriculture and Mining and utilities combined, and four times more than the Finance and insurance industries.

Combining this data indicates the “REAL” economic significance of industry sectors to the Australian economy.

CIIER ranking of Economic significance to Australia GDP contribution Employment contribution GSP ranking Employment ranking Combined ranking Knowledge Industries: Information Technology, Professional services, Education, and media

15.48% 17.63% 2 2 1

All other services 10.60% 17.67% 4 1 1.5

Wholesale and retail sales 10.30% 14.36% 5 3 1.5

16.88% 6.22% 1 8 4

7.13% 12.06% 8 4 2

Construction 8.44% 8.94% 6 5 2.5

Manufacturing 8.31% 8.11% 7 6 3

Finance and Insurance 11.39% 3.57% 3 10 5

5.71% 6.23% 10 7 3.5

Transport, Postal and Warehousing

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ANZSIC Groups in the Knowledge Industries, relative contribution to GDP GDP 2007, Education and training , 34% GDP 2007, Information media and telecommunications , 23% GDP 2007, Professional, scientific and technical services

, 43%

GDP 2013, Professional, scientific and technical services

, 49% GDP 2013, Information media and telecommunications , 20% GDP 2013, Education and

training , 31%

The component parts of the Knowledge Industries are not, of course, growing or contracting at the same rate. IMT, (traditional print/TV/and radio, telecoms companies, ISP’s, and libraries) GDP contribution has slightly increased in dollar terms, but nowhere near as much as the growth in professional, scientific, and technical services companies. (A significant proportion of the employment of which are comprised of ICT software and services companies, with the rest including engineering consultancies, architects, management consultants, lawyers, accountants, advertising, market research and statistical,

veterinarians, scientific researchers, and all other professional services practises except medical). Knowledge Industries contribution to GDP 2007-2013

$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000

Information media and telecommunications Professional, scientific and technical services

Education and training

$million

GDP 2007 GDP 2013

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Knowledge Industries employment - the traditional view based upon ANZSIC divisions

Information media and telecommunications

11%

Professional and scientific services

45% Education

44%

Knowledge Industries employment, adjusted to extract the ICT industry component

Traditional media and libraries 6%

ICT specific companies and ICT management

consultants 17%

All other professional services 33%

Education and training 44%

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CIIER calculation of ICT economic contribution, based on inputs

ANZSIC Division Total workforce 9(CIIER

adjusted to derive ICT Industry) GDP ($million)10 ICT % of workforce11 ICT contribution to GDP ($million)

A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 317,215 $7,894 0.23% $18

B Mining 266,372 $37,870 2.39% $904

C Manufacturing 940,381 $26,559 2.27% $602

D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

137,818 $8,254 7.56% $624

E Construction 1,036,822 $27,014 1.66% $448

F Wholesale Trade 452,383 $16,088 5.04% $811

G Retail Trade 1,214,197 $16,356 1.82% $298

H Accommodation and Food Services 796,113 $8,371 0.36% $30

I Transport, Postal and Warehousing 605,474 $18,403 2.59% $476

J (part)TV, Radio, Print media and libraries

120,991 $5,543 6.56% $364

K Financial and Insurance Services 414,067 $36,464 8.43% $3,073

L Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

199,576 $7,806 1.79% $139

M (part) Professional services, excluding ICT

742,456 $19,390 10.43% $2,023

N Administrative and Support Services 396,184 $8,861 2.01% $178

O Public Administration and Safety 722,648 $18,267 7.39% $1,350

P Education and Training 884,299 $15,540 2.37% $368

Q Health Care and Social Assistance 1,398,912 $22,830 1.06% $242

R Arts and Recreation Services 201,268 $2,933 2.56% $75

S Other Services 457,435 $5,964 3.46% $206

ICT contribution to all other industries

$12,229

ICT Industry itself

( 45% of Div J, 19% of Div M, + retail, wholesale, manufacture)

297,248 $9,637 100% $9,637

Total 11,601,861 $320,045 $21,868

This table brings together GDP data from the ABS National accounts with Workforce data from the ABS Employed persons quarterly data. The data has been adjusted by CIIER to compensate for the lack of an ANZSIC division for the ICT industry. Ownership of dwellings has been excluded.

The intent was to calculate the ICT contribution, based on “inputs”. We have previously published estimates of ICT economic significances, based on “outputs”, and referring to the “Digital Economy” drawing on work undertaken by Deloitte Access and by IBISWorld.

Outputs calculations, however, are only one of the mechanisms used to determine economic significance, so we felt it was time to try to determine a more accurate measure of ICT inputs to the economy, so that we have both measures.

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Derived from ABS Labour Force, Feb 2013, Divisions adjusted by CIIER to deduct ICT Industry component

10_{ABS National Accounts, March 2013, Divisions adjusted by CIIER to deduct ICT Industry component} 11

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Not having the luxury of an ANZSIC division for ICT, we have applied sectoring of the various major ANZSIC Divisions GDP contributions in the National Accounts, in order to aggregate both a total for the ICT industry, and also a figure for the contribution of ICT professionals in all other industries.

In order to do this, per capita GDP contributions have been calculated for each industry sector. These were then allocated to the ICT industry component, on the basis of staff numbers, contained within the various traditional ANZSIC divisions to derive the ICT Industry proportion of GDP contained therein. The balance of GDP remaining for each traditional ANZSIC division was then multiplied by the percentage of ICT workers in that particular ANZSIC division.

Whilst GDP per capita varies significantly between industry divisions, (in March 2013 from a high of $88,000 pc for Finance and Insurance, to a low of $10,000 pc for Accommodation and Food Service) reflecting capital and labour intensity, and also fluctuates with changes in the trade values related to industries ( e.g. commodity prices), this calculation has to assume that per capita GDP for the ICT components of the two major Divisions in which ICT is allocated does not vary considerably from the other components (TV, radio, newspapers and libraries on the one case, and all other professional services in the other case), with which they are co-tenanted.

With these caveats noted, however, we consider that this calculation provides a sufficiently accurate quantification of both the ICT industry annual contribution to GDP, ($9,637 million) and a minimum value for the ICT professional and technical contribution to GDP, ($21,868 million) across all industries.

ICT annual contribution to GDP $million

Derived from National Accounts March 2013, and CIIER extract of Labour Force data Feb 2013

L Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services, $139

M (part) Professional services, excluding ICT, $2,023 N Administrative and Support

Services, $178 O Public Administration and

Safety, $1,350

P Education and Training, $368 Q Health Care and Social Assistance, $242

I Transport, Postal and Warehousing, $476

H Accommodation and Food Services, $30 G Retail Trade, $298

F Wholesale Trade, $811 E Construction, $448 J (part)TV, Radio, Print media

and libraries, $364 K Financial and Insurance

Services, $3,073

S Other Services, $206

R Arts and Recreation Services, $75

D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, $624

B Mining, $904

C Manufacturing, $602

A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, $18 ICT Industry( 45% of Div J,

19% of Div M, + retail, wholesale, manufacture),

$9,637

Similar figure, but different basis

We note that the August 2011 Deloitte Access Economics study12 also arrived at an “inputs” figure for the “Internet Economy” of $22 billion. This was referenced in the 2011 Compendium and summarised in the 2012 Compendium.

The similarity of totals appears to be a coincidence, however, as $5 billion of the Deloitte sum was related to a nominal 50,000 people working in e-Commerce, $6 billion to 75,000 people working in “Advertising and Enterprise Sites”, and $2 billion to 2000 “Government”, of the 190,000 people they identify as working in the “internet economy”. Whilst some of these 127,000 people identified by

12

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Deloitte may be some of the 246,000 ICT workers CIIER identify as working in all other industries, some, equally, may be assumed to be users of the “internet economy” rather than providers of it.

Deloitte also allocated a nominal 63,000 “internet employees” at a value of $11 billion to ICT industry sectors. The ICT industry actually employs 297,000 people.

Deloitte also calculated a “value-add” of $22 billion for 190,000 people, (an average of $116,000 per capita) but the report does not include an explanation of how this was derived.

The National accounts would suggest an average pc GDP contribution for this many people of only $5 billion (based on the $27,586 average for all Australian workers), or of $6.1 billion, (based on the $32,420 per capita for ICT), rather than the $22 billion identified by Deloitte.

It would be pleasing to see the recent recommendation of the Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency (AWPA)13 adopted: “The ABS, together with the ACS, the AIIA and other key ICT industry bodies, review current ABS ICT-related collections to help ensure accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date measurement of the ICT workforce and ICT activity in the economy”, and the ACS has commenced working with the ABS to this end.

13

“ICT Workforce Study” June 2013, Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency (AWPA)

Strategies to improve data

collection on ICT skills supply

and demand

“The ABS, together with the ACS, the AIIA and other key ICT industry bodies, review

current ABS ICT-related collections to help ensure accurate, comprehensive

and up-to-date measurement of the ICT workforce and ICT activity in

the economy.” (Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency (AWPA))

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Classifying ICT Employment

The ABS defines ICT employment by the ANZSCO definition at a number of levels described by the number of digits in the code used.

At the “4 digit” level, the following are the main ICT jobs, either wholly or in part. For the purpose of some of the analysis in this report, these occupations are grouped into CIIER occupation grouping categories:

ANZSCO code Anzco 4 level Description CIIER ICT occupation Grouping

1351 ICT Managers ICT Management and operations

2232 ICT Trainers ICT Management and operations

2247 Management and Organisation Analysts ICT Management and operations

2249 Other Information and Organisation Professionals ICT Management and operations

2252 ICT Sales Professionals ICT sales

2324 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators ICT Technical and Professional

2611 ICT Business and Systems Analysts ICT Technical and Professional

2612 Multimedia Specialists and Web Developers ICT Technical and Professional

2613 Software and Applications Programmers ICT Technical and Professional

2621 Database and Systems Administrators, and ICT Security Specialists

ICT Management and operations

2631 Computer Network Professionals ICT Technical and Professional

2632 ICT Support and Test Engineers ICT Management and operations

2633 Telecommunications Engineering Professionals ICT Technical and Professional 3123 Electrical Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians Electronic Trades and

Professional14 3124 Electronic Engineering Draftspersons and Technicians Electronic Trades and

Professional

3131 ICT Support Technicians ICT Trades

3132 Telecommunications Technical Specialists ICT Technical and Professional

3423 Electronics Trades Workers Electronic Trades and

Professional

3424 Telecommunications Trades Workers ICT Trades

6212 ICT Sales Assistants ICT sales

14_{Electronic Trades and Professional employment (3123/3124) is included in CIIER/ACS ICT totals where} employment is within major ICT industry categories.

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Who we are

ICT Technical and professional Employment

ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

715 0 0 0 0 715

DIVISION_B Mining 3,990 1,029 299 359 685 6,362

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 5,606 11,242 0 1,899 2,616 21,363

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

4,913 3,116 164 599 1,625 10,417

DIVISION_E Construction 1,317 1,233 0 4,718 9,945 17,213

DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade

4,552 5,068 6,573 4,110 3,051 23,354

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 4,441 4,936 6,598 3,911 2,434 22,320

DIVISION_H Accom and Food Services

1,915 458 0 472 0 2,845

DIVISION_I Transport, Postal and Warehousing

7,423 5,508 473 1,612 650 15,666

Rest DIVISION J (Radio, TV, newspapers, and libraries)

800 4,488 0 1,633 1,021 7,942

DIVISION_K Financial and Insurance Services

15,058 16,058 0 3,783 0 34,899

DIVISION_L Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services

2,128 781 210 0 445 3,564 Rest DIVISION M (Professional services , excluding ICT) 32,742 38,458 0 4,009 2,236 77,445 DIVISION_N Administrative and Support Services

3,373 1,001 1,122 2,372 106 7,974

DIVISION_O Public Administration and Safety

24,368 16,748 0 8,487 3,798 53,401

DIVISION_P Education and Training

6,412 8,525 0 4,630 1,370 20,937

DIVISION_Q Health Care and Social Assistance

7,515 4,467 0 2,442 410 14,834

DIVISION_R Arts and Recreation Services

2,068 2,975 0 0 102 5,145

DIVISION_S Other Services 2,428 2,721 0 2,392 8,272 15,813

Identifiable ICT sectors

Telecommunications Services

9,710 13,747 10,974 17,111 837 37,366 89,745

Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

917 887 0 508 1,138 3,356 6,806

Computer System Design and Related Services

25,931 75,243 7,275 13,313 3,298 52,645 96,551

168,322 218,689 33,688 78,360 44,039 93,367 597,69915

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Possible ABS misclassifications of ICT technical and professional employment?

Last year we noted, in a comparison to the previous year, taken from the Feb2010 ABS labour-force extract, that there were lower totals for 2011 in each column, other than “ICT Industry admin and logistics support”.

ICT workers, Feb 2009- Feb 2013, CIIER Labor Force extracts

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 ICT Management and operations

ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics

support ICT workers 2013 data 2012 data 2011 data 2010 data 2009 data

We noted at the time that some of this variation may have derived from an almost doubling in “ICT Industry admin and logistics support.” (The total for this is derived from the difference between total employment in the ICT industry, and the total of ICT occupations in those sections of the ICT industry that can be analysed from this data.)

This year’s data, taken from the Feb 2013 Labour Force statistics, maintains a similar outcome for this figure to last year, and even shows a statistical decline in ABS estimates of ICT technical and professional employment, after years of steady and consistent growth, whilst overall “ICT worker” numbers continue to grow, by over 12% since 2009.

16

Electronics trades only included if in ICT industry sectors

ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers 2013 data 168,322 218,689 33,688 78,360 44,039 93,367 597,69916 2012 data 126,880 215,636 26,680 58,326 38,494 111,000 543,992 2011 data 147,170 235,965 40,901 80,086 39,701 44,995 554,669 2010 data 150,689 225,289 32,096 72,786 42,186 58,000 545,556 2009 data 164,478 205,840 34,137 62,331 49,272 58,273 532,564

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It appears that a significant number of people who were previously included by ABS in ICT occupations are now being classified into non-ICT occupations, with a consequent much lower variation for the total of ICT workers.

In order to test this hypothesis, we requested a further special extract of Labor market data from ABS, detailing the occupations codes for all employees in the definable parts of the ICT industry.

ANZSCO Level 2/ANZSIC Level 317 Telecommunications

Services

Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and D P Services Computer System Design and Related Services Total 26 ICT Professionals 14,027 1,139 82,503 97,669 13 Specialist Managers 10,710 917 23,819 35,446

22 Business, H R and Marketing Professionals 9,690 205 15,086 24,981 31 Engineering, ICT and Science Technicians 6,691 981 13,964 21,636 34 Electrotechnology and

Telecommunications Trades Workers

13,926 665 2,931 17,522

23 Design, Engineering, Science and

Transport Professionals 2,103 0 12,130 14,233

62 Sales Assistants and Salespersons 8,592 0 2,400 10,992

51 Office Managers and Program Administrators

4,570 369 2,824 7,763

11 Chief Executives, General Managers and

Legislators 941 0 5,818 6,759

54 Inquiry Clerks and Receptionists 3,919 739 2,033 6,691

55 Numerical Clerks 2,116 0 3,181 5,297

53 General Clerical Workers 2,943 624 1,692 5,259

14 Hospitality, Retail and Service Managers 2,497 370 426 3,293

59 Other Clerical and Admin Workers 1,201 0 1,405 2,606

21 Arts and Media Professionals 557 356 1,066 1,979

82 Construction and Mining Labourers 1,918 0 0 1,918

27 Legal, Social and Welfare Professionals 884 0 472 1,356

20 Professionals nfd 0 0 1,275 1,275

52 Personal Assistants and Secretaries 378 0 817 1,195

63 Sales Support Workers 444 0 652 1,096

10 Managers nfd 0 0 1,026 1,026

61 Sales Representatives and Agents 642 0 372 1,014

56 Clerical and Office Support Workers 251 0 761 1,012

74 Storepersons 0 442 429 871

81 Cleaners and Laundry Workers 0 0 372 372

89 Other Labourers 310 0 0 310

33 Construction Trades Workers 0 0 250 250

72 Mobile Plant Operators 228 0 0 228

25 Health Professionals 208 0 0 208

89,746 6,807 177,704 274,257

17

ABS advise that highlighted Estimates above are subject to sampling variability too high for most practical purposes (Relative Standard Error greater than 25%)

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One clue can be seen in the 35,446 figure for “13 Specialist Managers”. Only one category of this (ANZSCO 1351 ICT Managers) is normally treated as an ICT occupation. Whilst ABS were unable to supply a separate figure for this year for detail at this level, last year there were only 4,518 in this category for the three industry groups above, if we assume similar totals for this year, leaving nearly 30,000 “Specialist Managers” working in the ICT industry, who could only be accounted for by putting them into the “ICT Industry admin and logistics” category.

In addition, there are 14,233 group 23 Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals listed above. Only one sub-group (ANZSCO 2324 Graphic and Web Designers, and Illustrators) of these is included in our “ICT technical and professional” grouping. Again, we have no data from ABS for this year, but last years total for the ICT industry sectors was only 854, leaving, if similar to this year, 13,379 “Design, Engineering, Science and Transport Professionals” who work in the ICT industry, but not, apparently, in an ICT, Telecommunications, or Electronics discipline.

Whilst some in Telecommunications may be general engineers, it is doubtful that such skills are required in the software part of the industry.

We therefore consider that, had these employees been properly classified, it is likely that the “ICT Industry admin and logistics” group would be reduced by at least 45,000, back to the levels estimated in 2010, and that these 45,000 people would be more likely to be included in the “ICT Technical and Professional” grouping.

ICT workers, Feb 2009- Feb 2013, CIIER Labor Force extracts (amended to adjust for possible classification errors by ABS)

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000

ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics

support ICT workers 2013 data 2012 data 2011 data 2010 data 2009 data

With this adjustment in place we can see a much more logical scenario, with ICT industry admin and logistics in a similar pattern to ICT sales, as one would expect, and the long-term growth in ICT technical and professional employment more accurately reflected.

The State based data listed below has not been adjusted from that supplied to us by ABS, but would be subject to proportional variance to the national data.

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Who we are – By State18

NEW SOUTH WALES ICT

Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers

DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

0 0 0 0 0 0

DIVISION_B Mining 0 0 0 0 415 415

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 1,224 4,649 0 1,017 420 7,310

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services

979 364 0 0 441 1,784

DIVISION_E Construction 519 0 0 925 2,462 3,906

DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 902 899 5,134 1,959 1,907 10,801

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 534 1,765 2,848 1,792 553 7,492

848 0 0 0 0 848

3,045 2,424 0 0 0 5,469

Rest DIVISION J (Radio, TV, newspapers, and libraries)

420 2,517 0 420 557 3,914

7,445 7,370 0 2,281 0 17,096

450 0 0 0 445 895

Rest DIVISION M (Professional services , excluding ICT)

11,020 12,557 0 2,593 1,348 27,518

DIVISION_N Administrative and Support Services

1,020 411 570 571 0 2,572

DIVISION_O Public Administration and Safety

6,646 4,571 0 2,254 1,298 14,769

DIVISION_P Education and Training 2,311 1,829 0 986 0 5,126

3,048 523 0 414 0 3,985

850 1,421 0 0 0 2,271

DIVISION_S Other Services 913 443 0 915 3,699 5,970

Identifiable ICT sectors 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services

4,145 7,235 3,282 6,423 0 11,816 32,901

SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

506 462 0 0 0 1,059 2,027

SUBDIV_70 Computer System Design and Related Services

10,526 23,510 3,835 8,012 2,117 25,517 73,517

ICT 15,177 31,207 7,117 14,435 2,117 38,392 108,445

Total 57,350 72,953 15,669 30,560 15,662 38,392 230,586

ICT % of total workforce 6.30%

18

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VICTORIA ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

379 0 0 0 0 379

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 3,470 3,690 0 449 1,145 8,754

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 2,058 0 0 499 367 2,924 DIVISION_E Construction 277 331 0 1,172 2,468 4,248 DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 1,546 2,312 409 1,268 330 5,865

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 2,849 2,212 1,212 1,396 1,062 8,731

0 0 0 0 0 0

1,943 1,341 0 902 333 4,519

Rest DIVISION J 0 810 0 807 0 1,617

5,470 4,420 0 1,267 0 11,157

919 0 0 0 0 919 Rest DIVISION M 10,147 12,935 0 397 0 23,479 DIVISION_N Administrative and Support Services 432 0 0 338 0 770 DIVISION_O Public Administration and Safety

2,444 3,708 0 1,576 733 8,461

1,496 3,341 0 1,650 386 6,873

2,350 2,314 0 1,028 0 5,692

359 884 0 0 0 1,243

DIVISION_S Other Services 410 1,970 0 398 1,496 4,274

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services 3,700 4,332 3,865 3,594 837 11,574 27,902 SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

411 0 0 0 803 1,537 2,751

8,570 25,137 1,183 2,388 0 13,744 51,022

0 12,681 29,469 5,048 5,982 1,640 26,855 81,675

Total 49,952 69,735 6,669 19,126 9,959 _26,855 _182,296

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QUEENSLAND ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

0 0 0 0 0 0

DIVISION_B Mining 406 548 299 359 0 1,612

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 0 1,681 0 0 665 2,346

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 704 499 0 0 0 1,203 DIVISION_E Construction 0 733 0 466 1,078 2,277 DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 1,556 1,222 428 459 0 3,665

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 858 406 1,200 0 496 2,960

401 458 0 0 0 859

1,441 1,742 473 385 0 4,041

Rest DIVISION J 0 1,007 0 0 386 1,393

767 3,398 0 0 0 4,165

310 663 0 0 0 973 Rest DIVISION M 6,016 5,163 0 375 436 11,990 DIVISION_N Administrative and Support Services 1,389 410 0 857 0 2,656 DIVISION_O Public Administration and Safety

3,926 2,587 0 1,978 383 8,874

361 2,427 0 861 452 4,101

416 494 0 375 410 1,695

724 373 0 0 0 1,097

DIVISION_S Other Services 314 307 0 738 1,469 2,828

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services 1,162 666 873 3,356 0 6,360 12,417 SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

0 425 0 0 335 0 760

1,852 13,473 1,463 1,018 905 5,196 23,907

0 3,014 14,564 2,336 4,374 1,240 11,556 37,084

Total 22,604 38,683 4,736 11,225 7,016 _11,556 _95,820

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SOUTH AUSTRALIA ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

222 0 0 0 0 222

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 397 249 0 0 0 646

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 670 601 164 0 0 1,435 DIVISION_E Construction 409 170 0 208 1,185 1,972 DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 414 205 249 0 199 1,067

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 200 439 604 388 323 1,954

411 0 0 197 0 608

0 0 0 0 0 0

Rest DIVISION J 380 0 0 0 0 380

625 463 0 236 0 1,324

2,150 1,608 0 597 591 4,946

248 181 0 405 174 1,008

562 625 0 405 0 1,592

0 186 0 0 0 186

DIVISION_S Other Services 427 0 0 0 351 778

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services 224 782 2,213 810 0 3,200 7,229 SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

0 0 0 508 0 668 1,176

906 3,797 379 652 0 1,891 7,625

0 1,130 4,579 2,592 1,970 0 5,759 16,030

Total 11,242 10,672 3,820 4,629 3,012 _5,759 _39,134

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WESTERN AUSTRALIA ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

0 0 0 0 0 0

DIVISION_B Mining 2,448 316 0 0 269 3,033

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 391 807 0 326 269 1,793

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 284 1,518 0 0 621 2,423 DIVISION_E Construction 0 0 0 1,604 2,176 3,780 DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 0 298 223 251 323 1,095

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 0 0 332 335 0 667

255 0 0 275 0 530

899 0 0 326 316 1,541

Rest DIVISION J 0 0 0 0 0 0

535 293 0 0 0 828

2,578 251 0 323 295 3,447

1,415 249 0 0 258 1,922

790 0 0 0 0 790

0 0 0 0 0 0

DIVISION_S Other Services 0 0 0 341 593 934

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services 326 537 324 1,823 0 2,075 5,085 SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2,013 7,674 298 305 0 4,337 14,627

0 2,339 8,211 622 2,128 0 6,412 19,712

Total 14,672 16,902 1,469 6,499 5,383 _6,412 _51,337

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TAS+NT+ACT19 ICT Management and operations ICT Technical and Professionals ICT sales ICT Trades Electronic Trades and Professionals ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers DIVISION_A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

114 0 0 0 0 114

DIVISION_C Manufacturing 125 165 0 106 118 514

DIVISION_D Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services 217 134 0 99 196 646 DIVISION_E Construction 112 0 0 344 575 1,031 DIVISION_F Wholesale Trade 134 133 129 174 292 862

DIVISION_G Retail Trade 0 114 402 0 0 516

0 0 0 0 0 0

94 0 0 0 0 94

Rest DIVISION J 0 153 0 407 78 638

216 114 0 0 0 330

212 117 0 0 0 329 Rest DIVISION M 727 1,822 0 88 0 2,637 DIVISION_N Administrative and Support Services 284 0 258 348 106 996 DIVISION_O Public Administration and Safety

6,624 4,023 0 1,759 498 12,904

581 499 0 729 100 1,909

349 512 0 221 0 1,082

134 111 0 0 102 347

DIVISION_S Other Services 365 0 0 0 663 1,028

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUBDIV_58 Telecommunications Services 153 195 416 1,105 0 2,342 4,211 SUBDIV_59 Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals and Data Processing Services

0 0 0 0 0 93 93

2,064 1,650 117 939 276 1,961 7,007

0 2,217 1,845 533 2,044 276 4,396 11,311

Total 12,505 9,744 1,324 6,321 3,005 _4,396 _37,295

ICT % of total workforce _6.62%

19

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CIIER calculations for ACS, NT, and Tasmania

Based upon established paradigms and other data, however, we estimate the following figures for ACT, Tasmania and NT.

ICT Professional. Management, technical, and trade, all industries

ICT Industry admin and logistics support

ICT workers ICT % of workforce ICT Industry ACT 24,433 2,166 26,354 12.79% 6,630 Tasmania 4,380 1,759 6,408 2.73% 3,106 NT 4,079 470 4,533 3.70% 1,575

Giving the following comparatives:

ICT Professional. Management, technical, and trade, all industries ICT Industry admin and logistics support ICT workers ICT % of workforce ICT Industry (ABS definable sectors only) ICT Industry (CIIER estimate for all ICT Industry sectors) ACT 24,433 2,166 26,354 12.79% 6,630 7,826 SA 33,375 5,759 71,767 4.78% 16,030 17,271 VIC 155,441 26,855 193,833 6.68% 81,675 86,409 WA 44,925 6,412 83,317 3.89% 19,712 21,179 NSW 192,194 38,392 230,586 6.30% 108,445 121,195 QLD 84,264 11,556 37,084 5.24% 37,084 39,171 NT 4,079 470 4,533 3.70% 1,57520 1,065 Tasmania 4,380 1,759 6,408 2.73% 3,106 3,231

State percentages of the National ICT work-force, and National ICT industry work-force CIIER calculations derived from ABS Labour force data and CIIER datasets

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% NT Tasmania ACT QLD SA WA VIC NSW

State % of National ICT work-force State % of National ICT Industry

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Learning ICT

Data cited in the Compendium in previous years has included both undergraduate and post-graduate students. This inclusion may have led to a slightly overstated perception of the number of ICT completions impacting on the work-force, as completing post-grad students may have already been included in previous undergraduate completions. This new data, now from the Department of Industry, allows us to correct this anomaly. Unfortunately no data for 2012 was available at the date of compilation.

21

CIIER calculation based upon latest completion ratios from previous years, 3 year course duration. To note, Enrolments and Commencements are two different figures, both are defined by Dept Education. Simply,

Enrolments mean a student has signed up for a course, Commencements mean they actually started it. There is no such thing as a "commencing enrolment" Enrolments are usually a higher number than Commencements

Enrolments, ICT undergraduates

Completions , ICT undergraduate students

State Year of

enrolment

Domestic International Total Year of Completion

Domestic International Total

ACT 2009 622 286 908 2011 94 95 189 Multi-State 2009 190 73 263 2011 18 18 36 NSW 2009 5,659 4,153 9,812 2011 1,062 1,185 2,247 NT 2009 112 25 137 2011 11 10 21 Queensland 2009 3,813 2,068 5,881 2011 620 578 1,198 SA 2009 900 569 1,469 2011 172 137 309 Tasmania 2009 362 1,146 1,508 2011 65 133 198 Victoria 2009 5,359 5,623 10,982 2011 988 1,446 2,434 WA 2009 1,528 1,170 2,698 2011 210 339 549 18,545 15,113 33,658 3,240 3,941 7,181

Est. completions21 ICT undergraduate students ACT 2010 600 330 930 2012 91 110 194 Multi-State 2010 149 47 196 2012 14 12 27 NSW 2010 5,866 4,073 9,939 2012 1,101 1,162 2,276 NT 2010 117 35 152 2012 11 14 23 Queensland 2010 3,897 2,154 6,051 2012 634 602 1233 SA 2010 962 534 1,496 2012 184 129 315 Tasmania 2010 391 1,148 1,539 2012 70 133 202 Victoria 2010 5,447 5,586 11,033 2012 1,004 1,436 2,445 WA 2010 1,537 1,111 2,648 2012 211 322 539 18,966 15,018 33,984 3,320 3,920 7,254 ACT 2011 636 381 1,017 2013 96 127 212 Multi-State 2011 129 49 178 2013 12 12 24 NSW 2011 6,317 3,918 10,235 2013 1,185 1,118 2,344 NT 2011 112 58 170 2013 11 23 26 Queensland 2011 3,996 2,202 6,198 2013 650 615 1263 SA 2011 962 486 1,448 2013 184 117 305 Tasmania 2011 351 1,160 1,511 2013 63 135 198 Victoria 2011 5,576 5,706 11,282 2013 1,028 1,467 2,500 WA 2011 1,581 1,116 2,697 2013 217 323 549 19,660 15,076 34,736 3,446 3,937 7,421

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ICT Undergraduate Enrolment in 2009 to Completion in 2011 ratios by State and by citizenship

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% Australian Capital Territory

Multi-State New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia International domestic

IT has an overall completion rate of 23.5% which is the fourth highest completion rate of disciplines measured by the Department of Education22 with the average completion rate of all measured disciplines around 23%.

National ICT Undergraduate enrolments (3 years prior) and completion ratios (year of completion)

18% 26% 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% Domestic enrolments International enrolments Completion ratio Domestic Completion ratio International

Enrolments have flattened for international ICT students, but have risen slightly for domestic ICT students since 2009. The variation in completion ratios, however, means that the number of ICT domestic students completing remains lower than the number of ICT international students completing, and is unlikely to lift significantly during the forecast period to the end of 2013.

In 2010 we projected that completing domestic ICT student numbers would first decline even further in 2011, as a result of low commencements during 2008, before commencing recovery in 2012-3, but only to minimal levels. The latest data shows that this projection has been proven to be accurate.

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Vocational Training (VET)

Australian vocational education and training statistics: Students and courses 201223

Qualification completions24 by parent training packages, 2008–11

2008 2009 2010 2011

Training package ('000) ('000) ('000) ('000) %

Business Services (BSA, BSB) 46.9 52.8 65.9 82.4 17.4

Community Services (CHC) 37.3 47.8 56.2 68.2 14.4

Tourism, Hospitality and Events (SIT, THH, THT) 26.9 29.4 31.5 35.0 7.4

Retail Services (SIR, WRP, WRR, WRW) 17.8 18.0 21.8 27.2 5.8

Training and Education (BSZ, TAA, TAE) 14.0 15.0 19.0 24.2 5.1

Construction, Plumbing & Services Integrated Framework (BCF, BCG, BCP, CPC) 12.7 15.4 18.4 19.9 4.2

Transport and Logistics (TDT, TLI) 6.5 8.8 10.7 17.4 3.7

Health (HLT) 7.3 11.9 14.6 16.9 3.6

Agriculture, Horticulture and Conservation and Land Management (AHC, RTD, RTE, RTF, RUA, RUH)

10.9 12.3 13.2 15.9 3.4

Property Services (CPP, PRD, PRM, PRS) 6.8 8.2 12.4 15.9 3.4

Sport, Fitness and Recreation (SIS, SRC, SRF, SRO, SRS) 6.2 7.3 9.2 15.2 3.2

Financial Services (FNA, FNB, FNS) 10.4 12.9 13.4 15.1 3.2

Information and Communications Technology (ICA) 13.6 14.8 13.5 13.9 2.9 Automotive Industry Retail, Service and Repair (AUR) 11.1 11.2 12.1 13.2 2.8

Electrotechnology (UEE, UTE, UTL) 7.0 7.7 10.0 12.0 2.5

Metal and Engineering (MEM) 9.7 11.4 11.3 11.4 2.4

Resources and Infrastructure (BCC, DRT, MNC, MNM, MNQ, RII) 3.9 4.4 4.8 9.4 2.0

Hairdressing (SIH, WRH) 5.4 6.3 6.6 6.6 1.4

Beauty (SIB, WRB) 3.3 3.6 4.1 5.2 1.1

Manufacturing (MCM, MSA) 0.8 1.4 2.1 4.5 1.0

Food Processing Industry (FDF) 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.9 0.8

Screen and Media (CUF) 2.8 3.1 3.6 3.5 0.7

Visual Arts, Craft and Design (CUV) 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.5 0.7

Animal Care and Management (ACM, RUV) 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.4 0.7

Australian Meat Industry (MTM) 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.4 0.7

Furnishing (LMF) 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.5

Public Services (PSP) 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.4 0.5

Music (CUS) 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 0.5

Maritime (TDM) 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.4 0.5

Textiles, Clothing and Footwear (LMT) 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 0.4

Laboratory Operations (MSL, PML) 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 0.4

Library, Information and Cultural Services (CUL) 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.3

Chemical, Hydrocarbons and Oil Refining (PMA)