Creating an IoT Ecosystem

Creating an IoT Ecosystem

IEEE Internet of Things Initiative

Roberto Minerva, IoT Initiative Chair

Hendrik Berndt, Scenarios Track Chair

San Diego, Dec 6

th

_{, 2015}

2

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

IEEE IoT Initiative: Objectives

3

Develop and promote valued programs, products and services

for the IoT community

To establish:

Ø

 

IEEE World Forum on IoT as the principal conference devoted to IoT

Ø

 

The IEEE IoT Journal as the principal journal devoted to IoT

Ø

 

IEEE IoT standards as the principal standards in IoT

Ø

 

IEEE’s IoT tutorials, review articles, workshops, short courses and

Internet of Things Initiative:

Organization

Internet of Things (IoT)

4 Chair (R. Minerva) Education Track (A. Pears) Education Working Group Publications Track (Y.K. Chen) Publications Working Group Industry Engagement (O. Logvinov) IndustryWorking Group Conferences Track (V. Piuri) Conferences Working Group Standards Track (Chuck) Standards Working Group Comm./PR Track (L. Stogner) Comm./PR Working Group Scenarios Track (H. Berndt) Scenarios Working Group

Scenario track of the IEEE IoT

Initiative

5

Ø

 

Within this global track a widespread set of Use Cases,

Business Models and reference implementations of IoT is

being assembled to provide for IoT community members

compelling examples of service descriptions.

Ø

 

It serves as encouragement for solution findings for the

community members’ own needs and to derive from them a

generic IoT architecture.

Deriving Input from Scenarios for

an IoT Architectural Framework

6

Why?

Ø

 

Most current standardization activities are confined to very

specific domains and stakeholder groups. They therefore

represent islands of disjointed and often redundant

development.

Ø

 

IEEE P2413 architectural framework is an attempt to

overcome this

Deriving Input from Scenarios for

an IoT Architectural Framework

7

IEEE P2413 provides for

Ø

 

a reference model that defines relationships among various

IoT domains (e.g., transportation, healthcare, etc.) and

common architecture elements and

Ø

 

a reference architecture that builds upon the reference

model

Ø

 

defines basic architectural building blocks and their ability to

be integrated into multi-tiered systems

Ø

 

IoT domain abstractions, and

Deriving Input from Scenarios for

an IoT Architectural Framework

8

IEEE P2413

Ø

 

Besides interactions with standardization activities within

IEEE, P2413 will strive to establish liaisons with other

standardization bodies.

Ø

 

Discussions are underway with IEEE 802.24, IEC SG8,

oneM2M, and IIC

9

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

IoT implies a lot of Challenges

10

•

 

Definition of Things and

«Identity of Things»

Challenge

•

 

Complexity Challenge

•

 

Communication

Paradigms Challenge

•

 

Data Challenge

•

 

The Software Platform

Challenge

•

 

Silos vs. Horizontal

Application Domains

•

 

The revenue challenge

•

 

Per device

•

 

Connectivity

•

 

Data

•

 

The Value Chain

Challenge

•

 

New Biz Model

Challenge

•

 

Privacy Challenge

•

 

Ownership Challenge

•

 

Security Challenge

•

 

Easiness of Use

Challenge

•

 

Social Cooperation

Challenge

11

Context: the Rise of Softwarization

Softwarization instantiations

Key drivers towards softwarization

Commoditization of HW,

i.e., general purpose HW is becoming more and more powerful and cheap. Cloud computing evolving towards a Fog of very powerful

terminals (smartphones)

Commoditization of communications, i.e., the ubiquitous availability of communications means

Virtualization, i.e., the capability to execute

functions and services on virtual computational

environments

Autonomics & Self-Organization

the ability of large system to adaptively & autonomously optimize their behavior

Big data,

the capability to collect data in real time that describe a phenomenon associated with a resource or a person (or groups of them)

Availability of Application Programming Interfaces

for several resources and functionalities

(pertaining to the Comm, Stor, Proc, Sens/Acting realms)

Open Source,

i.e., the ability to model resources and functions by means of software communities that share results and tools

Softwarization of the Telcos •  Software Defined Networks (SDN) •  Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) •  Integration of SDN, NFV with Cloud Emergence of new Services paradigms and Biz Models •  Servitization: Anything as a Service (e.g., IoT) •  Pervasive sensoring

and actuating

Virtual Continuum •  Creating new Virtual

Worlds bridging the Physical

•  WorldMetaverse: Integrating of the Physical and Virtual Worlds

•  Micro-Manufacturing: 3D Printers

Big Data •  Real Time Data

management •  The Bank of User

Data

•  Electronic Money

Processing, Storage and Communication resources will be interchangeable. Their composition will allow to provide high quality services, while virtualization and autonomics will allow for system optimization (aggregating resources where they are needed the most)

Edge as Point of Intelligence Accumulation •  Smart Terminals •  Different connectivity options •  Smart environment •  ….

12

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

What are “Things” ?

What are Internet-Connected

Things?

Active/passive, with/without

context

Generic Info

Contextualized Info

Passive Objects

A Tag,

A pointer to some

information

Info + a location

Reactive Objects

A switch at home (turn

it on/off),

A smart meter

Home Automation

(when temperature

reaches 20 C stop

heating)

Autonomous Objects

A Vending Machine,

Each Object can be a “Smart Thing”

ICT Resource Local Services Virtualization in the “Net” Interface Global Services Extended Functions /Interface Resource

ICT Resources

Physical Resource Virtualization in the “Net” API API Global Services Extended Functions /Interface Resource API API

Physical/Logical

Resources

•

 

Each Resource

is representable

in the Cloud

•

 

Each resource

can be made

programmable

•

 

Each Resource

can be

functionally

augmented

Virtual Continuum

IoT

architecture

frame work

Healthcare Home & Building Retail Energy Manufacturing Mobility/ Transpor-tation Logistics Media 16

IoTApplication Domains & Stakeholders

Utilities Hospitals & Doctors

ICT infrastructure providers

Public transport companies

City authorities

Automation equipment providers Application

developers Consumer equipment providers

Appliances providers Manufacturing industries Logistics companies Regulators Consumers Facility management Insurance companies

* due to the diversity of IoT application areas only selected domains and stakeholders are shown

How Many Things?

Are we ready to deal with

Billions of smart and

independent things?

06/12/15

Billions of smart

objects cannot be

managed in a

traditional manner

There is the need to

move towards

zero-configuration and

autonomic systems

One IoT - two different views

19

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions systems made out of networked sensors and smart

objects whose purpose is to measure/control/operate on an environment in such a way to make it intelligent, usable, and programmable and capable of providing useful services to humans.

•  In a single administrative domain

Internet of Things envisions a system comprising sensors/actuators,

aggregators, gateways and service

control. These components use Internet protocols and/or specific sensor

protocols to communicate.

•  These systems could be quite large in

size and complex in technologies (even if they will tend to use a few of them), but they are homogeneous from a management perspective, at least in processes and governance and in ownership

Single Administrative Domain

•  In multiple administrative domains, the

IoT envisions the integration of several heterogeneous systems as “networks of networks”, each one using different

technologies, interfaces and protocols and governed/managed by different Actors by means of different processes and

managements functions.

•  IoT in a multi domain envisions a

self-configuring and adaptive complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart objects whose purpose is to

interconnect “all” things, including every day and industrial objects in a way as described above

20

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

Expenditure on E-Health as a

percentage of GPD

A Challenge: how to use technologies to cut costs

and improve quality in the health environment

22

Nome del Relatore, Nome Struttura

Ø

 

by large amounts of data in motion that is diverse,

unstructured and growing exponentially.

Ø

 

By data constantly streaming in through interconnected

sensors, monitors and instruments in real - time faster

than a doctors or nurse or hospital can keep up with

23

As volume and velocity of health data

increases, new technologies

such as Stream computing, help

to analyse health information in real- time

and represent results in a logical way to

help caregivers make better decisions.

Libelium Open Source e-Health

Sensor Platform

06/12/15

The e-Health Sensor platform allows Arduino and Raspberry Pi users to

perform biometric and medical applications where body monitoring is

needed using 9 different sensors:

Ø

 

pulse,

Ø

 

oxygen in blood (SPO2),

Ø

 

airflow (breathing),

Ø

 

body temperature,

Ø

 

electrocardiogram (ECG),

Ø

 

glucometer,

Ø

 

galvanic skin response (GSR-sweating),

Ø

 

blood pressure (sphygmomanometer) and

Example: biometric and medical

applications with body monitoring

Supply and demand

06/12/15 26

Example: BedSores

Ø

 

The approach utilizes thousands of sensors that

form an electronic sheet over a mattress to detect

in real time the precise distribution of pressure

across the mattress.

Ø

 

The system links up with a handheld monitoring

device that displays images of pressure

distribution and sounds alarms if patients need to

be turned.

Ø

 

The system keeps a history of the patient’s

positioning that caregivers can access across

multiple shifts.

Example: BedSores

http://medtecheurope.blogactiv.eu/2014/04/02/when-design-meets-medtech-three-ideas-in-preventing-and-managing-pressure-ulcers/

A rehabilitation scenario

ht tp :// w w w .e ce .g at ech .e du /re se arch /la bs/ msl /re se arch / http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-06-patients-recover-arm-virtual-reality.html

The European project

SEMEOTICONS

06/12/15 30

The empowerment of

individuals to self-monitor

status and improve life-style,

is expected to have a great

impact on the reduction of

health expenditure

Some observation on e-health

Data

E-Health Data will contribute to the Data

Surge

• Many data from health related sources

• Integration with wellness systems

• Multimedia data

Privacy of data and fair usage

• There is the need to protect the final user/ patient

• New ownership of data are to be defined (Bank of user

data)

IoT and Big Data analysis will go hand in

hand

• Exploitation and monetization of data sets

• Collection of data and new applications fields is essentially

32

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

How much Data (and traffic)?

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/ white_paper_c11-520862.html#Trend_3_Measuring_Mobile_IoE = 2.33 MB /Day = 27 Byte /s = 12.2 MB /Day = 141 Byte /s

IoT Data and … Identity of Things

Things have Identities (and Owners) People have Identities and use Things

Me

“My” Smart Thing

Identity Relation

Third Parties Functional Relation (events and commands)

Raw data to be

transformed into Info

Personal Profiling Functional

Aggregating Data per Identity …

“O

U

R

”

Sma

rt

T

hi

ng

s

Raw data to be

transformed into

Information

Personal

Profiling

Functional

Profiling

Who, Where, When, What, Why,

…

+

Events and commands

*

=

Bigger

DATA

Ø

 

Who is the Owner of

all these Data ?

Ø

 

Who has the right to

extract info ?

50 B Devices

_*

(Average Aggregated Traffic of M2M Devices)

~ 2MB/day

= ~ 88.8 Petabytes

Fog Computing Happens When Big Data

Analytics Marries Internet Of Things

06/12/15 36

http://tarrysingh.com/2014/07/fog-computing-happens-when-big-data-analytics-marries-internet-of-things/

06/12/15

38

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

Three Communication Environments

Personal Devices

Smart Environment

Communication

(capillary network)

Services and

Applications

(Cloud and

Internet)

Long Range Communication

(3G, 4G, 5G,

…

)

Short Range

Communication

(WiFi, BlueTooth, NFC,

ZigBee, 6LoWPAN,

…

)

Control/

Management

Communication

39

•  Network as a fast Pipe

•  Distributed Edge Networked Platform •  Value of UpLink •  Control of Spikes of Information •  Virtualization in the Cloud of Resources •  Transactional Communication with Guarantees

The Network is a commodity Intelligence aggregates at the Edges

Network Intelligence makes no sense

Pervasiveness and high distribution of functions Complete decentralization

Autonomic behavior

Opportunistic and dynamic usage of resources and networks Integration of processing, storage, communication and

Anything will be a node !

Ø 

Intel has unveiled a WiFi sliver of

silicon that can be part of a normal

microprocessor chip.

Ø 

We can expect that wherever we find a

microprocessor (e.g. in over 70% of

toys, to name just one area) we will

find embedded connectivity.

Roberto Saracco

http://www.blog.telecomfuturecentre.it/

Consequently there is a trend in devices:

integration of communication, processing,

storage and sensing/actuation capabilities

Nodes will connect with each other

in unpredictable ways

http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php

1

2

3

Node Aggregation at time t₁

Aggregation 1 Aggregation 2 Aggregation 3

1

2

3

Node Aggregation at time t₂

Aggregation 2 Aggregation 1

Network

•

 

Increasing richness and

complexity at the edge of networks

Virtual  Infrastructure   _{Other  Infrastructures}   Edge  Infrastructures  

Core  Resources  and  Networks  

Southbound  API  

North  bound  API  

IoT  Services  and  ApplicaAon  

5G Slicing supporting IoT

IoT Slice

V irt ua l R eso urce s (IoT Sl ice ) 5G R eso urce s an d In fra st ru ct ure IoT Se rvi ce L aye r Service  API   Virtualized  FuncAons  

5G & Internet of Things

06/12/15 43

5G will be the perfect backbone for the Internet of Things because it will bring

together many disparate networks into one unified framework that combines

shortrange communications such as RFID and Bluetooth with cellular technology

and incorporates small cells and heterogeneous networks.

5G is envisioned as a wireless network that will deliver

Ø

 

speeds of 20 Gbps,

Ø

 

offer extremely low latency, have less than 1 millisecond and

Ø

 

connect billions of devices

What makes 5G particularly appealing for IoT, however, is that it will also make it

possible to segment out low-bandwidth users and devices that don’t necessarily

need the high data speeds and huge chunks of bandwidth to work. Instead these

5G ‘use cases’ just need a reliable connection that is interoperable with other IoT

devices and networks.

Tactile Internet

06/12/15 44

Tactile Internet

Pune, 07.10.2015

45

Ø 

The tactile Internet can be seen as the extension of current

mobile Internet and Internet of Things in regard to moving

objects and real-time applications based on a

5G-communication infrastructure

Ø 

Main focus

à

the human in the loop

©Gerhard Fettweis, TU Dresden

Ø 

The comparison with the sensing/reacting of the human body

capability has been taken as the foundation for a definition of

new service classes and applications, in particular for virtual

reality, robotics and human caretaking

Tactile Internet

creates a paradigm shift from content delivery to skill-set delivery networks

Takeaways on Communications

06/12/15

Understand the

fundamental

role of

Terminals and

Devices

The Intelligent

is at the EDGE

(Put in the Net

only valuable

functions)

5G as an

enabler

48

Agenda

IEEE IoT Initiative

IoT

…

the T means Things

IoT and Data

IoT and Communications

Concluding Remarks

What IoT is and its several challenges

Help solving the many

interoperability Issues

Software Interoperability Protocol Interoperability Data Interoperability

Processes and management Interoperability Reliability / Autonomics

Business Issues

Value Chain

Viable Business

Models

Prosumers and

Users

Creating Connected ecosystems

51

Key enablers

Ø

 

IoT

Ø

 

5G

Ø

 

Industry 4.0 – The Verticals

Advancing those technologies in society and industry in a

very broad sense creates new levels of

Ø

 

inspiration and imagination

Ø

 

invention of new technology

Ø

 

challenges for research communities

Ø

 

investment opportunities