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Chapter 2: Atomic Structure and Periodicity SP2021

Part 1: Waves of Light

I. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Electromagnetic Radiation –

• Wavelength (λ) –

• Frequency (ν) –

• Hertz (Hz) –

II. Calculating Wavelength and frequency, using c= ν λ, c = 2.998 x !"!" #

a. Violet light has a wavelength of 4.10 x 10!"# _{m. What is the frequency?}

b. Green light has a frequency of 8.12 x 10"$ _{Hz. What is the wavelength?}

c. A helium laser emits light with a wavelength of 633 nm. What is the frequency of the light?

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through space at the speed oflightin

a

vacuum

7×10-7 '

6×10-7 5×10-7 4×10-7

Red

orange

yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

violet

102 10-2 to-4

co-8

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10-12

RadioWaves Microwaves Infrared Ultraviolet _Kray Gamma_Ray

Low _High

Longest Shortest

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Part 2:

III. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term. • Quantum: • Planck Constant: • Quantum Theory: o Quantized: o Photon:

IV. Calculating Energy Using E = h‧ν, E = !"

#

,

h = 6.626 x !"$%& J‧s

a. Calculate the energy of a photon of radiation with a frequency of 8.5 x 10"% _Hz.

b. Calculate the energy of a gamma ray photon whose frequency is 4.05 x 10#& _Hz.

c. What is the energy of light whose wavelength is 4.06 x 10!"" _m?

Part 3: Photoelectric Effect

V. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Photoelectric Effect –

• De Broglie’s Equation –

Smallest discrete

quantity

_ofa particular poemof energy

(h)

proportionality

constantbetweenthe energyand_frequencyq

(MaxPlanck) _{edeathmagnetic}radiation expressedin E-ha

, h= 6.626×10

-34J.s

amodel basedonthe idea that _energyisabsorbed _andemitted in discrete

quantities ofenergy called quanta.

having

valuesrestrictedtowhole number multiples ofa specific basevalue

a_{quantum of} electromagnetic radiation

•*a E-hv

=/

6.626 x10-34J

OSX

(8 .5×10 's = 5. 63×10-18 J E-hv =

(

6.626×10-34

(4.05

×

10204/3)

= 2.68 x 10-13 E-

had

=

16.626

×

10-3457134108451

= 4.89×10-15J 4.06x10 -_" m

the

release _of electrons _from material as aresult of electromagnetic radiation

striking

it

VI. Definitions/People: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Continuous Spectrum - o Line Spectrum – • Quantum Model - • Niels Bohr – o Equation – • Ground State – • Excited State – • Electron Transition –

VII. Calculating Energy of a Transition

Label whether it’s an emission or an absorption. a. n = 5 à 4

b. n = 2 à 1

c. n = 1 à 3

d. n = 4 à 1

e. n = 5 à 3

a

spectrum

that exhibits all

wavelengths

of

visible lights

a spectrum

showing

only

certain

discrete

wavelength Bohr's model

n=4 - n=3 n=2

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onion (1885-lay2) Bohr's Model

-whyhydrogenatoms hoseand_gain discretequantaq

energy nucleus

-whytheir electronsdonotspiral into theirnuclei

•

EET

:S E- -2.178×10-'' J Lutz) AE- -2.178×10 -'' J(

Tp

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• •

the most stable_{,lowest energy}state of a particle •

anyenergy abovethe_ground state movement _of an electron

between _energylevels

AE- -2.178×10 -'' J(http -SE --RH

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Ta -¥

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= -2.178×107

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Tu -If = -4.90×10-20 AE- -2.178×10 -' 8J (

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f)

= _I.936×10 -18J E= -2.178×10 " J

(

T -= -2 .04x 10-"J E= -2 .I78×10 -' 8J

(

gt

-= -I .55×10 -' 9J

Part 5: More Examples

Perform the following calculations. Be sure to highlight the frequencies (it will help you in part two).

1. A mysterious wave has a frequency of 2.5 x 1013 _{Hz. What is the corresponding}

wavelength?

2. Another mysterious wave is about the size of a butterfly, or 0.010 m. What is the frequency of this wave?

3. In a different type of wave, the energy per photon was determined to be 2.12 x 10-16 _J.

What is the frequency of this wave?

4. Yesterday in Tallahassee, a strange wave in the atmosphere affected people’s ability to hear deep sounds. If the wavelength was a one kilometer, how much energy per photon did the wave contain?

5. Scientists in Siberia detected a wave with an energy of 3.85 x 10-13 _{J/photon. What was}

the wavelength?

6.One of the six groups of waves has a wavelength about the size of a virus cell. The frequency associated with these types of waves is 1.9 x 1016 _{Hz. How much energy per}

photon is there in one of these waves? Also, what is the approximate length of a virus cell?

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Part Two

On the blank lines above or below the following diagram, write the frequency corresponding to the different waves. In the parentheses, write the question number from which the frequency value came from.

_________Hz( ) _______Hz( ) ________Hz( ) __________Hz( ) __________Hz( ) ________Hz( ) 10

5.8*1020

s 1.9×10 " 6 3.0×10 2 i.2.5×10"Hz 2-3.0×10"Hz 3. 3.20×10"Hz 4.2.99×10543 S. 8×1020/13 6. 1.9×10"Hz

-Gammahas the _tfrequency

,

Radiowaveshastheta

17