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A note of revenue maximization and efficiency in

multi−object auctions

Philippe Jehiel

Benny Moldovanu

ERAS and UCL

University of Mannheim

Abstract

Combining the result of Palfrey (1983) about the role of bundling and the revenue

equivalence theorem, this note shows that there is a conflict between revenue maximization

and efficiency in multi−object auctions even with symmetric bidders.

We thank Tom Palfrey, Myrna Wooders, Simon Grant and an anonymous referee for helpful comments.

Citation: Jehiel, Philippe and Benny Moldovanu, (2001) "A note of revenue maximization and efficiency in multi−object

auctions." Economics Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 2 pp. 1−5

Submitted: February 16, 2001. Accepted: April 30, 2001.

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