I
NDEX
Abbott, Flora Butler, 50Abbott, Robert Sengstacke, 48–53 Abbott, Thomas, 50
Abolitionist Movement, 2, 15, 17, 18–21 acting. See film industry; television
industry Adams, Oscar, 57 Addams, Jane, 118
African American Methodist Episcopal Church (Los Angeles), 2, 25, 26 African Baptist Church (Savannah,
Georgia), 26
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 26, 31
African Union Society, 2 Afro-American Life Insurance
Association, 33–34, 36 AIDS infection, 133, 134, 138 Allen, Richard, 26
American Beach (Florida), 34–35 Anderson, Ernestine, 91 Anderson, Susan, vi
Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation (AACF), 139
assassinations, 94
athletics, 105, 112, 130–135, 144–149 Atlanta Life Insurance Company, 35 Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company, 35 Baker, Anita, 125
Baker, Josephine, 41 Baker, Lavern, 89
banking industry, 29, 58–59. See also insurance industry
Banks, Carolyn, 140 Banks, Devin, 140 Banks, Don, 140 Banks, Tyra, 140–143
Baraka, Amiri (LeRoi Jones), 124 barbershops, 35
Basie, Count, 88 basketball. See athletics beach facilities, 34–35
Beach Institute (Savannah, Georgia), 50 Bear Flag revolt (California, 1846), 9, 10 Beatrice International Food Company,
103, 106 beauty pageants, 116
Beckwourth, James Pierson, 10 Bell, Thomas, 18
Bellamy, Bill, 129 Bertolucci, Bernardo, 122 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 42, 75 Bird, Larry, 132
Black Entertainment Television (BET), 108, 111–112
“Bleeding Kansas,” 20 Blow, Kurtis, 126, 128
Booker T. Washington Burial Society, 57–58
Booker T. Washington Business College, 58
Booth, Levin, 1 boycotts, 64
Boyer International Laboratories, 63, 64 Boyz II Men, 138
Bradley, Tom, 26 Breedlove, Minerva, 39 Breedlove, Owen, 39 Brooks, Gwendolyn, 52–53 Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 42 Brown, John, 20–21
Bryant, Peter, 35
business careers, 103, 106 cable television industry, 110–113 California, 9, 10, 21, 24–25 California Gold Rush, 11, 19 Calloway, Cab, 88
Campbell, Tevin, 91 Carey, Mariah, 138 Carnegie, Dale, 73
celebrity wealth, myth of, vi Chanel, 142
Chapman, Tracy, 124, 125 Charles, Ray, 89, 90
Charlotte Bobcats (NBA team), 112 Chicago Negro Chamber of Commerce,
65–66 child abuse, 119 churches, 2, 26–27 Churchill, Winston, vii Cimino, Michael, 122
Citizens Federal Savings and Loan Association, 58, 59
citizenship, African Americans, 20, 39
civil rights, 19, 21, 25, 53, 58 Civil War (U.S.), 21
Clapton, Eric, 136 Cleveland, James, 89
Clinton, William J., 85, 119, 138 Cole, Nat “King,” 74
Coleman, Bessie, 53
colleges and universities, 3, 36, 42, 76, 77, 85, 135
Collins, Bootsy, 136, 138
Colored Conventions (California), 19, 20 Constitution (U.S.), 20, 39
Cooke, Jack Kent, 133 Cosby, Bill, 124 Cosby, Camille, 124
cosmetics industry, 27, 29, 41–42, 43–47, 63–64, 67, 97, 99–101, 102
court testimony, African Americans, 19, 24, 25
Crump, Sheila, 110, 112 Davis, Miles, 120, 125
Dawson, Matel “Mat,” Jr., 3, 82–85 Daytona Normal and Industrial School
for Negro Girls (Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach, Florida), 42, 75
Def Jam Records, 128 Dion, Celine, 138 Dixon, Jeremiah, 52 Donegan, Dorothy, 74 Douglass, Frederick, 50, 105 Dred Scott case, 19–20 DuBois, W. E. B., 52, 73, 74, 79 Dudley, Clara Yeates, 97, 99 Dudley, Eunice Mosley, 99, 100, 101 Dudley, Genea, 101
Dudley, Gilmer L., 97 Dudley, Joe L., Jr., 101
Dudley, Joe L., Sr., 65, 66, 97–101, 102 Dudley, Ursula, 101
Dudley Products, Inc., 65, 66, 97, 99–101 Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 105
Dunbar High School (Baltimore), 105 Earl G. Graves Associates, 94
Ebony (magazine), 71, 76
Edmonds, Brandon, 139 Edmonds, Dylan, 139
Edmonds, Kenneth “Babyface,” 136–139
Edmonds, Tracey McQuarn, 139 Edward Waters College, 36 Elder, Lee, 144
Elite Modeling Agency, 142 Ellington, Duke, 88
Emancipation Proclamation (1865), 1, 21, 29, 31
employment opportunities, 56, 63, 71, 73, 84
entertainment industry, 134. See also film industry; music industry; tele-vision industry
Epps, Omar, 142
equal housing opportunities, 3 Erasmus High School (New York), 94 Everett High School (Lansing,
Michigan), 130, 132
fashion industry, Banks, Tyra, 140–143 film industry, 90–91, 117–118, 122–125, 139, 142, 143. See also music indus-try; television industry
First African American Methodist Episcopal Church (Los Angeles), 2, 25, 26
Fisk University, 3 flight school, 53 Ford, Henry, 84
Ford Motor Company, 82, 84–85 fourteenth amendment, 20, 39 Foxx, Jamie, 129
Foxx, Redd, 74 Franklin, Aretha, 138
Fraternal Order of Prince Hall Masons, 2
fraternal organizations, 57 Fugitive Slave Act, 18 Fuller, Lestine, 66 Fuller, S. B., 61–66, 99, 100
Fuller Products Company, 63–66, 99, 100
Gardner, Bettiann, 102 Gardner, Ed, 102 Gardner, Minnie Lee, 58 Garrison, William Lloyd, 18 Gary, Willie, 3
Gaston, Arthur George, 54–60 Gaston, Rosa, 54
Gaston, Tom, 54 Gaston Motel, 58
Gibbs, Mifflin, 20 Gillespie, Dizzy, 88, 89 Gold Rush, California, 11, 19 golf. See athletics
Gore, Lesley, 90 Graham, Stedman, 119 Graves, Barbara Kydd, 94, 95 Graves, Earl Gilbert, Jr., 95 Graves, Earl Gilbert, Sr., 92–96 Graves, Earl Godwin, 92 Graves, John, 95 Graves, Michael, 95 Graves, Winifred Sealy, 92 Great Depression, 29, 47
Great Migration, 48, 50, 53, 63, 73, 84, 108 Green, Irving, 89–90
Griffin, John, 24
hair care products. See cosmetics industry Hampton, Lionel, 88, 89
Hampton Institute (Norfolk, Virginia), 50, 53, 74
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia raid, 20–21 Harvard University Law School, 105,
106
Harvey, Steve, 129 Haskins, Jim, 75 Hayes, Roland, 46
Herndon, Alonzo Franklin, 35
Hewlett-Packard Inventor Center (New York), 134
hip-hop, and Russell Simmons, 128–129 HIV-AIDS infection, 133, 134, 138 Holiday, Billie, 88
Hope, Bob, 146
Horatio Alger Association, 101 Hornsby, Bruce, 125
hotel industry, 58, 80
Howard University (Washington, D.C.), 46, 76, 106, 112
Hughes, Langston, 52 Hughley, D. L., 129 Hull House (Chicago), 118 Hussey, Granma, 17
Idlewilde Beach (Michigan), 35 Illinois, University of, 110 import-export business, 9
insurance industry, 29, 33–34, 35, 59.
See also banking industry
interest charges, 57 investment clubs, 57 Jackson, Janet, 124 Jackson, Michael, 91
Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable High School (Chicago), 74–75 Jefferson, Edwin L., 79 Jewison, Norman, 123–124 Johnson, Archie, 108 Johnson, Christine, 130
Johnson, Earleatha “Cookie” Kelly, 133 Johnson, Earvin “Magic,” Jr., 92, 124,
130–135
Johnson, Earvin, Sr., 130 Johnson, Edna, 108 Johnson, Filmore, 108 Johnson, George E., 65, 67 Johnson, Gertrude, 71, 73, 76 Johnson, Joan Henderson, 67 Johnson, John H., 65, 71–76 Johnson, Robert L., 108–113 Johnson, Sheila Crump, 110, 112 Johnson Products Company, 65, 66, 67 Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 71 John W. Langston Bar Association (Los
Angeles), 80 Jones, Elvira, 88
Jones, LeRoi (Amiri Baraka), 124 Jones, Quincy D., 86–91
Jones, Sarah, 86 Jordan, Michael, 3
Kelly, Earleatha “Cookie,” 133 Kennedy, John F., 94
Kennedy, Robert F., 94 Khan, Chaka, 125 King, Coretta Scott, 76
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 58, 76, 94 Ku Klux Klan, 51 Kurosawa, Akira, 122 Kydd, Barbara, 94, 95 land ownership, 9, 25, 80–81 Lauren, Ralph, 142 Lawrence, Martin, 129 law school, 50–51, 105–106 Lee, Bill, 120
Lee, Hattie Mae, 114, 116 Lee, Jackson, 125
Lee, Jacquelyn, 120 Lee, Miriam, 81 Lee, Satchel, 125
Lee, Shelton “Spike” Jackson, 120–125 Lee, Vernita, 114, 116
legal profession, 50–51, 77, 80–81, 106 Leidesdorff, William Alexander, v, 2, 7–11 Leland University (New Orleans,
Louisiana), 79 Lester, Peter, 20
Levine School of Music, 112 Lewis, Abraham Lincoln, 31–36 Lewis, Carolyn Cooper, 103 Lewis, Clinton, 103 Lewis, Julia Brown, 31 Lewis, Loida Nicolas, 106–107 Lewis, Reginald Francis, 103–107 Lewis, Robert, 31
Lewis, Tanya Lynette, 125
Lewis and Clarkson Law Firm, 106 Lincoln Golf and Country Club
(Jacksonville, Florida), 34 literacy, slavery, 17
L.L. Cool J, 128 Lloyd, Patricia, 116 Los Angeles, 10, 25
Los Angeles Bar Association, 80 Louis, Joe, 34, 84
Louisiana State University (Shreveport), 3, 85 Lourdes, Leslie, 107 Lumet, Sidney, 90 lynchings, 51, 53
Madame C. J. Walker College of Hair Culture and Manufacturing Company, 41, 42
Madonna, 138
magazine industry, 29, 71, 75–76, 92, 95, 100, 119. See also newspaper industry
Magic Johnson Foundation, 134 Malcolm X, 94, 123–124 Malone, Aaron, 46
Malone, Annie Turnbo, 42, 43–47 Malone, John, 111
Manual Arts High School (Los Angeles), 79
maritime trade, 7, 9, 10 Marsalis, Branford, 125 Marshall, James, 11
Mason, Bridget “Biddy,” 22–26 Mason, Charles, 52 Mason-Dixon line, 52 Masonic organizations, 33 Massey, Walter, 118 Mathis, Johnny, 89 McQuarn, Tracey, 139 McWilliams, Moses, 39 mentoring, 65, 67, 99, 101 Mexico, 9
Michigan State University (Lansing), 132 migration. See Great Migration
Mingus, Charles, 89
Missouri Compromise of 1820, 52 modeling industry, 140–143 Monk, Thelonious, 89
Morehouse College (Atlanta), 3, 118, 120, 122, 125
Morgan State University (Baltimore), 94 Mormon Church, 22, 24
Morris Brown College, 53 Morrison, Toni, 118 Mosley, Eunice, 99, 100, 101 Mother Bethel African Methodist
Episcopal Church (Philadelphia), 26
mulatto, 17
music industry, 86–91, 126–129, 136–139. See also film industry; television industry
mutual aid associations, philanthropy, 2 National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 3, 30, 42, 52, 65, 74, 79, 80, 125, 139
National Association of Manufacturers, 65
National Cable Television Association (NCTA), 110–111
National Child Protection Act of 1993, 119
National Laboratories, 63
National Negro Insurance Association, 34 Negro Business League, 34
New Orleans, 7, 18
newspaper industry, 20, 29, 48, 50–53, 56, 64, 81. See also magazine industry New York University Tisch School of
Arts, 122
Nordegren, Elin, 149
North Carolina, University of, at Chapel Hill, 3
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (Greensboro), 99
North Central High School (Indianapolis), 136 Odetta, 120
Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls (South Africa), 119 Overton, Anthony, 27–30 Owens, Charles, 24, 25 Oxygen Media Company, 119 Pace, Harry H., 75
Paige, Satchel, 125
Palmer Memorial Institute (Sedalia, North Carolina), 42
Parker, Charlie, 88, 89 Parks, Rosa, vi
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison (law firm), 106 Pepper, Claude, 111
Pico, Don Pio, 10 Picou, Tom, 53 pilot training, 53
Pleasance, John James, 18 Pleasant, John H., 15
Pleasant, Mary Ellen, vi, 2, 15–21 Pleasant vs. the North Beach and
Mission Railroad Company, 21 politics, 9
Poro College (St. Louis), 45, 46–47 Prince, 124
Princeton University, 110
Providence-St. Mel School (Chicago), 118 public education, v, 7, 25, 27, 61, 73, 120 Public Enemy, 125
public transportation, vi, 2, 19, 21 publishing industry. See magazine
industry; newspaper industry Punsawad, Kultida, 144
Quakers, 17 race riots, 52 racism, 51, 53 radio industry, 117
Rancho Rios de los Americanos, 9
rap music, 126–129, 136. See also music industry
real estate. See land ownership record industry. See music industry Redstone, Sumner, 112
Red Summer Riots of 1919, 52 Reginald Lewis Foundation, 103, 107 Reid, Antonio “L.A.”, 138
restaurant industry, 134
restrictive real estate covenants. See land ownership Robinson, Sylvia, 128 role models, 133 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 73, 75 Rosencrans, Bob, 111 Rowan, Charles, 24 Rowan, Elizabeth Flake, 24 Rubin, Rick, 128
Rush Communications, 126, 128 Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation, 129 St. Francis Xavier School (Baltimore), 105 St. Louis Colored Orphans’ Home, 46 Sammis, Mafry, 33
San Francisco, 7, 9, 11, 18–19 Savilla, Christina, 107
Schillinger’s House of Music (Berklee College of Music, Boston), 89 scholarships, 3, 42, 46, 77, 101, 118, 129,
143
Scorsese, Martin, 122 Sengstacke, John, 50 Sengstacke, John Henry, 53 sharecropping system, 52 Shaw University (Raleigh, North
Carolina), 3 shotgun housing, 71 Simmons, Danny, 129 Simmons, Joseph, 129 Simmons, Russell, 126–129 slave trade, 103, 105 Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 76 Smiley, J. Hockley, 51
Smith, Abraham Lincoln “Dad,” 57 Smith, Bessie, 46
Smith, Creola, 57 Smith, James W., 18 Smith, Rebecca, 22
Smith, Robert Marion, 22, 24 Smith and Gaston Funeral Home,
Snoop Dogg, 136
Somerville, John Alexander, 80 Somerville, Vada, 80
Sons of Africa Society, 2
Southern California, University of, Law Center, 3, 77, 79–81
Spark, Anna Marie, 7
Spelman College (Atlanta), 3, 122 Stanford University (California), 147 stock market crash of 1929, 29. See also
Great Depression Sugar Hill Gang, 128 sugar trade, 9
Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Co., 75 Sutter, John, 11
Tandy, Vertner, 42 Tatum, Art, 89
television industry, 110–113, 114, 117–119, 134, 142, 143. See also film industry; music industry
Tennessee State University (Nashville), 117
Terry, Clark, 88
testimony. See court testimony Tiger Woods Foundation, 148–149 Tiger Woods Learning Center, 149 Tisch School of Arts (New York
University), 122 TLC (musical group), 138 TLC Group, 106
Travis, Dempsey, 74 Tucker, Chris, 129
Tuggle Institute (Birmingham, Alabama), 56
Tuskegee Institute (Alabama), 42, 74 Tyler, Willis O., 79
Underground Railroad, 2, 15, 17 United Negro College Fund, 3, 76, 85, 112 University of Illinois, 110
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3
University of Southern California Law Center, 3, 77, 79–81
U.S. Census, 1
U.S. Supreme Court, 19–20, 80 Utah Territory, 22, 24
Valez, Maria Rita, 10
Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe, 9
Viacom, Inc., 112
Virginia State University (Petersburg), 105 vocational education, 56, 74 voting rights, 25 Walker, C. J., 41 Walker, Madame C. J., 39–42, 46 Walker, Thomas, 57
Walker College of Hair Culture and Manufacturing Company, 41, 42 Washburn Law School (Topeka,
Kansas), 27
Washington, Booker T., 73, 74 Washington, Dinah, 89 Washington, Keith, 91
Wayne State University (Detroit), 3, 85 Wendell Phillips High School
(Chicago), 73, 74 Western Pacific Railroad, 10
Wharton Elementary School (Nashville, Tennessee), 116
Wheeler, Tom, 111 White, Ertha, 34 White, Walter, 52
White Citizens Council, 64 Wilberforce University, 35, 53 Williams, Louis Alexander, 15, 17 Willis, Chuck, 89
Winans, 91
Windham, Thomas C., 57
Winfrey, Oprah Gail, 3, 108, 114–119, 124
Winfrey, Vernon, 114, 116 Wonder, Stevie, 125 Woods, Earl, 144, 146
Woods, Eldrick “Tiger,” 144–149 Woods, Kultida Punsawad, 144 World War I, 56–57
Wright, Crispus Attucks, 3, 77–81 Wright, Eunice, 75, 79
Wright, Mercedes, 79 Wright, Richard, 118 Wright, Warner, 77, 79 Wright, Warner, II, 79
Wright, Warner Richard, IV, 81 Young, Brigham, 22
youth organizations, 58–59 Zoeller, Fuzzy, 147
