Best Relay Setting File ABB Perfroma

(1)

Part-1

LIST OF PROTECTIONS

1) 132 kV Ramnagar line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

2) 132 kV Kashipur-1 line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

3) 132 kV Kashipur-2 line protection

a) REL 511 (distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

4) 132 kV Baspur Nagar line protection

a)

REL 511(distance protection terminal)

b)

RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c)

RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d)

RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e)

RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

(2)

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

f) LZ96 Distance Relay

6) 400kV Moradabad line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

f) LZ96 Distance Relay

7) 220kV Haldwani line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

f) LZ96 Distance Relay

8) 220 kV Almora line protection

a) REL 521(distance protection terminal)

b) RAICA Breaker Failure Protection 50G

c) RAAAM Auto Reclose Relay

d) RXEG – 27P –Under Voltage Protection Relay

e) RASC Check Synchronizing Relay

f) LZ96 Distance Relay

1 (a) REL 511 (21) - RAMNAGAR FEEDER

System Particulars

:-A)Line parameters

(3)

2)Line length - 18.56 Km 3)Max power flow in the line - 1301.14 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.16221744 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.386116 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.405631 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.622174 ohms/km B)CT/PT details

1)CT primary rating - 1000A

2)CT secondary rating - 1A

3)PT primary rating - 145000 V 4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance

1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.1 MVA

2)Fault MVA at remote end - 1694.1 MVA(assumed) 3)Source impedance angle - 80º (assumed)

D)Fault resistance

1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms (Assumed) 2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms (Assumed)

Relay

details:-In=1A,Un=110V

Calculations

:-Impedance ratio = CTR/PTR = (1000/1) /(145000/110) = 0.758621

Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.16221744 x 18.56 x 0.758621

= 2.2840 ohms

Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.386116 x 18.56 x 0.758621 = 5.4365 ohms

Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.405631 x 18.56 x 0.758621

= 5.7112 ohms

Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.622174 x 18.56 x 0.758621

= 22.8402 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-earth faults , Rfe = 20 x 0.758621

= 15.1724 ohms

Fault resistance in secondary for phase-phase faults , Rfp = 5 x 0.758621

= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)

(4)

Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)

Zone-4 is set to protect 20% of the Line in the reverse direction Zone-1 setting

Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 0.8 x 2.2840

= 1.8272 ohms/phase

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 0.8 x 5.4365

= 4.3492 ohms/phase

Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 0.8 x 5.7112

= 4.56896 ohms/phase

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 0.8 x 22.8402

= 18.2722 ohms/phase Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

RFPP = 2 x Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 3X }

= 2 x Min { Max (Rfp , X1PP tan 25 +R1PP) , 3X1PP }

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 4.3492 x 0.4663 + 1.8272) , 3 x 4.3492} = 2 x Min {3.855232 , 13.0476 }

= 7.7104 ohms / loop Resistive reach for phase-earth,

RFPE = Min { Max (Fault resistance, X tan 25 +R) , 4.5X }

= Min { Max (Rfe , X1PE tan 25 +R1PE) , 4.5X1PE }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 4.3492 x 0.4663 +1.8272) , 4.5 x 4.3492} = Min { 15.1724 , 19.5714 }

= 15.1724 ohms / loop Zone-2 setting

Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2.2840 + 0.2 x 2.2840

= 2.7408 ohms/phase

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 5.4365+ 0.2 x 5.4365

= 6.5238 ohms/phase

Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 5.7112 + 0.2 x 5.7112

= 6.8534 ohms/phase

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 22.8402 + 0.2 x 22.8402

= 27.4082 ohms/phase

Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 6.5238 x 0.4663 + 2.7408) , 3 x 6.5238} = 2 x Min { 5.7828 , 19.5714 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 6.5238 x 0.4663 + 2.7408) , 4.5 x 6.5238} = Min { 15.1724 , 29.3571 }

(5)

Zone-3 setting

Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2.2840+2.2840

= 4.568 ohms/phase

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 5.4365+5.4365

= 10.873 ohms/phase

Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 5.7112+5.7112

= 11.4224 ohms/phase

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 22.8402+22.8402

= 45.6804 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 10.873 x 0.4663 + 4.568) , 3 x 10.873} = 2 x Min { 9.6380 , 32.619 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 10.873 x 0.4663 + 4.568) , 4.5 x 10.873} = Min { 15.1724 , 48.9285 }

= 15.1724 ohms / loop Zone-4 setting (reverse)

= 0.4568 ohms/phase

= 1.0873 ohms/phase

= 1.1422 ohms/phase

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 0.2 x 22.8402

= 4.5680 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 1.0873 x 0.4663 + 0.4568) , 3 x 1.0873} = 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 3.2619 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 1.0873 x 0.4663 + 0.4568) , 4.5 x 1.0873} = Min { 15.1724 , 4.8928 }

= 4.8928 ohms / loop General Fault Criteria (GFC)

(6)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance protection, regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction so that the characteristic does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction, X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 2 x X3 =2 x 10.873= 21.746 ohms/ phase

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction, X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 2 x X4 =2 x 1.0873 = 2.7146 ohms/ phase

Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach, RFPP = (2[2*R3 + RFPP])

= (2 [2 x 4.568 + 19.276] ) = 56.824 ohms/loop

Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach, RFPE = (2[1/3(2R3 + R03) +RFPE])

= (2[1/3(2x4.568+ 11.4224) +15.1724])

= 44.0504 ohms/loop

Zero sequence reactance for ph-e elements in the forward & reverse direction, X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 2 x X03

= 2 x X0PE

= 2 x 45.6804 =91.3608 ohms/phase

The resistive reach in the load impedance area, RLd = Max (RFPP,RFPE) = Max (19.276, 15.1724) = 19.276 ohms/loop Load Angle, ARGLd = 25º (Assumed) Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner

characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones, which are to be blocked by the PSD function. At least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element, X1IN = 1.1 x X3

= 1.1 x X1PP

= 1.1 x 10.873 = 11.9603 ohms/phase

Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element, R1IN = 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)

= 1.1 (2 x 4.568 + 19.276) = 31.2532 ohms/phase

Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125 %( recommended) Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125 %( recommended) Setting

Recommendations:-1)

Zone-1:-R1PP & R1PE = 1.8272 X1PP & X1PE = 4.3492

(7)

X0PE = 18.2722 RFPP = 7.7104 RFPE = 15.1724 2) Zone-2:-R1PP & R1PE = 2.7408 X1PP & X1PE = 6.5238 R0PE = 6.8534 X0PE = 27.4082 RFPP = 11.5696 RFPE = 15.1724

t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip) 3) Zone-3:-R1PP & R1PE = 4.568 X1PP & X1PE = 10.873 R0PE = 11.4224 X0PE = 45.6804 RFPP = 19.276 RFPE = 15.1724

t3PP & t3PE = 0.800 s(time delay for trip) 4) Zone-4:- (reverse) R1PP & R1PE = 0.4568 X1PP & X1PE = 1.0873 R0PE = 1.1422 X0PE = 4.5680 RFPP = 6.5238 RFPE = 4.8928

t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip) 5)

GFC:-X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 17.606 X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 0.6212

RFPP = 43.752

RFPE = 26.48

X0FwPE & X0RvPE = 57.63

RLd = 43.752

ARGLd = 25º

tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip) 6)

PSB:-X1IN = 9.677

R1IN = 24.064

KX = 125

RX = 125

tP1 = 0.045s (Initial PSD timer for the first swing)

(8)

tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer) tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)

tEF = 60s(Timer overcoming 1-Ph reclosing dead time)

tR1 = 0.300s (Timer to time delay block by the residual current)

tR2 = 2.00s (On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings

The time delays tP1, tP2, tW, tH, tEF, tR1, tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with the system studies.

1(b)

Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:

RXIB range: 0 .2-3A

Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:

CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:

Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit.

The most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the

setting recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1301.14 x 10

6

_{) / (√3 x 132 x 10}

3

_{) = 5691.18 A}

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 5691.18 = 284.559 A

The secondary current is 284.559 / 1000 =2.85 A

Setting recommended = 3 A

Time Delay :

The time delay should include

RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin

ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)

= 150ms

1(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary

to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time

between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single

phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be

longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy

phases.

Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec

Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec

Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the

auto-reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

(9)

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =

30 sec.

1(d) Under Voltage Protection – 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:

Under voltage 1

st

_{stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V

Time delay 1

st

_{stage – 3 sec.}

Under voltage 2

nd

_{stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V

Time delay 2

nd

_{stage – 1 sec.}

Recommended Settings:

RXEG 1

st

_{stage setting = (2.34 x 40)}

RXEG 2

nd

_{stage setting = (2.2 x 40)}

Timers

Stage I = 3 sec

Stage II = 1 sec

1(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:

Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%

Phase angle difference: 5

ο

_{- 75}

ο

_{in steps of 5}

ο

Calculations:

Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30

ο

_.

Recommended Settings

Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %

Phase angle setting: 6 * 5

ο

Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

2(a) REL 511 (21) - KASHIPUR-1 FEEDER

System Particulars

(10)

1)Rated line voltage - 132 kV

2)Line length - 7.05 Km

3)Max power flow in the line - 1694.61 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.16221744 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.386116 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.405631 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.622174 ohms/km B) CT/PT details

C)Source Impedance

1)Fault MVA at local end - 1301.4 MVA

D)Fault resistance

1)Fault resistance in primary for phase-earth faults - 20 ohms 2)Fault resistance in primary for phase-phase faults - 5 ohms

Relay

Calculations

= 0.8675 ohms

= 2.1694 ohms

= 8.6758 ohms

= 15.1724 ohms

= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line)

(11)

Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)

= 1.7355 ohms/phase

= 6.94064 ohms/phase Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 1.652x 0.4663 + 0.694) , 3 x 1.652} = 2 x Min {3.7931 , 4.956 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 1.652 x 0.4663 +0.694) , 4.5 x 1.652} = Min { 15.1724 , 7.434 }

= 2.6033 ohms/phase

= 10.4109 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 2.4780 x 0.4663 + 1.041) , 3 x 2.478} = 2 x Min { 3.7931, 7.434 }

= 7. 5862 ohms / loop Resistive reach for phase-earth,

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 2.478 x 0.4663 + 1.041) , 4.5 x 2.478} = Min { 15.1724 , 11.151 }

(12)

Zone-3 setting

Positive sequence resistance , R1PP&R1PE = 2 x 0.8675

Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 2 x 2.065

Zero sequence resistance , R0PE = 2 x 2.1694

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 2 x 8.6758

= 17.3516 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 4.13 x 0.4663 + 1.735) , 3 x 4.13} = 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 12.39 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 4.13 x 0.4663 + 1.735) , 4.5 x 4.13} = Min { 15.1724 , 18.585 }

= 0.1735 ohms/phase

= 0.4338 ohms/phase

= 1.7352 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.413 x 0.4663 + 0.1735) , 3 x 0.413} = 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 1.239 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.413x 0.4663 + 0.1735) , 4.5 x 0.413} = Min { 15.1724 , 1.8585 }

= 1. 8585 ohms / loop General Fault Criteria (GFC)

(13)

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the forward direction ,X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 2 x X3 =2 x 4.13= 8.26 ohms/ phase

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 2 x X4 =2 x 0.413 = 0.826 ohms/ phase

Positive sequence resistance for ph-ph faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPP = (2[2*R3 + RFPP])

= ( 2 [2 x 1.735 + 7.5862] ) = 22.1124 ohms/loop

Positive sequence resistance for ph-e faults for forward & reverse reach , RFPE = (2[1/3(2R3 + R03)+RFPE])

= (2[1/3(2 x 1.735+ 4.339)+15.1724]) = 35.5508 ohms/loop

= 2 x X0PE

= 2 x 17.3516 =34.7032 ohms/phase

The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE) = Max (7.5862 ,15.1724) = 15.1724 ohms/loop Load Angle, ARGLd = 25º (Assumed) Power Swing Block Function

The reach of the inner characteristic in the resistive and reactive direction is set so that the inner characteristics covers completely all the distance protection zones,which are to be blocked by the PSD function.At least 10% of additional safety margin is considered.

Reactive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , X1IN = 1.1 x X3

= 1.1 x X1PP

= 1.1 x 4.13 = 4.543 ohms/phase

Resistive reach of the inner characteristics of the power swing blocking element , R1IN = 1.1 (2R3 +RFPP)

= 1.1 ( 2 x 1.735 + 7.5862) = 12.1618 ohms/phase

Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended) Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended) Setting

Recommendations:-1)

Zone-1:-R1PP & R1PE = 0.694 X1PP & X1PE = 1.652

(14)

X0PE = 6.94064 RFPP = 7.5862 RFPE = 7.434 2) Zone-2 :-R1PP & R1PE = 1.041 X1PP & X1PE = 2.478 R0PE = 2.6033 X0PE = 10.4109 RFPP = 7.5862 RFPE = 11.1151

t2PP & t2PE = 0.400 s (time delay for trip) 3) Zone-3 :-R1PP & R1PE = 1.735 X1PP & X1PE = 4.13 R0PE = 4.339 X0PE = 17.3516 RFPP = 7.8562 RFPE = 15.1724

t4PP & t4PE = 0.250 s (time delay for trip) 5) GFC

:-X1FwPP & X1FwPE = 8.26 X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 0.826

RFPP = 22.1124

RFPE = 35.5508

RLd = 15.1724

ARGLd = 25º

tPP & tPE = 2s(time delay for trip) 6) PSB

:-X1IN = 4.543

R1IN = 12.1618

KX = 125

RX = 125

tP1 = 0.045s(Initial PSD timer for the first swing)

(15)

tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer) tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)

tR1 = 0.300s(Timer to time delay block by the residual current)

The time delays tP1,tP2,tW,tH,tEF,tR1,tR2 are recommendations and the same need to be set in accordance with the system studies.

2(b)

Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:

RXIB range: 0 .2-3A

Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:

CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:

Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit.

The most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the

setting recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 10

6

_{) / (√3 x 132 x 10}

3

_{) = 7412.22 A}

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.22 = 370.611 A

The secondary current is 370.611 / 1000 =0.371 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay:

The time delay should include

RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin

ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)

= 150ms

2(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary

to allow for the arc de-ionization. The dead time setting corresponds to the time

between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single

phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionization time will be

longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy

phases.

Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec

Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec

Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the

auto-reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

(16)

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

attempts, so that an eventual tripping and reclosing on to permanent faults, will

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =

30 sec.

2(d) Under Voltage Protection – 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:

Under voltage 1

st

_{stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V

Time delay 1

st

_{stage – 3 sec.}

Under voltage 2

nd

_{stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V

Time delay 2

nd

_{stage – 1 sec.}

Recommended Settings:

RXEG 1

st

_{stage setting = (2.34 x 40)}

RXEG 2

nd

_{stage setting = (2.2 x 40)}

Timers

Stage I = 3 sec

Stage II = 1 sec

2(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:

Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%

Phase angle difference: 5

ο

_{- 75}

ο

_{in steps of 5}

ο

Calculations:

Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30

ο

_.

Recommended Settings

Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %

Phase angle setting: 6 * 5

ο

Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

3(a) REL 511 (21)- KASHIPUR – 2 FEEDER

System Particulars

(17)

2)Line length - 60.09 Km 3)Max power flow in the line - 1694.61 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.16221744 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.386116 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.405631 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.622174 ohms/km B)CT/PT details

C)Source Impedance

1)Fault MVA at local end - 1694.61MVA

E)Fault resistance

Relay

Calculations

= 1.9216 ohms

= 4.8051 ohms

= 19.2161 ohms

= 15.1724 ohms

= 3.7931 ohms

Zone-1 is set to protect 80% of the line Zone-2 is set to protect (120% of the line) Zone-3 is set to protect (200% of the line)

(18)

= 1.5373 ohms/phase

= 3.6591 ohms/phase

= 3.8441 ohms/phase

= 15. 3729 ohms/phase Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 3.6591x 0.4663 + 1.5373) , 3 x 3.6591} = 2 x Min {3.7931 10.9773 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 3.6591 x 0.4663 +1.5373) , 4.5 x 3.6591} = Min { 15.1724 , 16.4659 }

= 2.30592 ohms/phase

= 5.48868 ohms/phase

= 5.7661 ohms/phase

= 23.0593 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 3 x 5.48868} = 2 x Min { 4.8653, 16.466 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 4.5 x 5.48868} = Min { 15.1724 , 24.6990 }

(19)

Zone-3 setting

= 3. 8432 ohms/phase

= 9.1478 ohms/phase

= 9.6102 ohms/phase

= 38.4322 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 3 x 9.1478} = 2 x Min { 8.1088 , 27.4434 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 4.5 x 9.1478} = Min { 15.1724 , 27.4434 }

= 0.3843 ohms/phase

= 0.9148 ohms/phase

= 0.9610 ohms/phase

= 3.8432 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 3 x 0.9148} = 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 2.7444}

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 4.5 x 0.9148} = Min { 15.1724 , 4.1166 }

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for

(20)

distance protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

Positive sequence reactance for ph-ph & ph-e elements in the reverse direction ,X1RvPP & X1RvPE = 2 x X4 =2 x 0.9148 = 1. 8296 ohms/ phase

= ( 2 [2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176] ) = 47.808 ohms/loop

= (2[1/3(2 x 3.8432+ 9.6102)+15.1724]) = 47.8759 ohms/loop

= 2 x X0PE

= 2 x 38.4332=76.8664 ohms/phase

The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE) = Max (16.2176,15.1724) = 16.2176 ohms/loop Load Angle, ARGLd = 25º (Assumed) Power Swing Block Function

= 1.1 x X1PP

= 1.1 x 9.1438 = 10.0582 ohms/phase

= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176) = 26.2944 ohms/phase

Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended) Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended) Setting Recommendations:-1) Zone-1:-R1PP & R1PE = 1.5373 X1PP & X1PE = 3.6591 R0PE = 3.8441 X0PE = 15.3729 RFPP = 7.5862

(21)

RFPE = 15.1724 2) Zone-2 :-R1PP & R1PE = 2.30592 X1PP & X1PE = 5.48868 R0PE = 5.7661 X0PE = 23.0593 RFPP = 9.7306 RFPE = 15.1724

RFPP = 47.808

RFPE = 47.8759

RLd = 16.2176

ARGLd = 25º

:-X1IN = 10.0582

R1IN = 26.2944

KX = 125

RX = 125

tP2 = 0.015s(Fast PSD timer for the consecutive swings within tW) tW = 0.250s(Hold timer for the activation of fast PSD timer) tH = 0.5s (Hold Timer for PSD detected)

(22)

3(b)

Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:

RXIB range: 0 .2-3A

Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:

CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:

Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit.

The most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the

setting recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 10

6

_{) / (√3 x 132 x 10}

3

_{) = 7412.21 A}

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.21 = 370.61 A

The secondary current is 370.61 / 1000 =0.37 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay:

The time delay should include

RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin

i.e., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms (Assuming 3 cycle breaker)

= 150ms

3(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary

to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time

between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single

phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be

longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy

phases.

Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec

Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec

Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the

auto-reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

(23)

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =

30 sec.

3(d) Under Voltage Protection – 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:

Under voltage 1

st

_{stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V

Time delay 1

st

_{stage – 3 sec.}

Under voltage 2

nd

_{stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V

Time delay 2

nd

_{stage – 1 sec.}

Recommended Settings:

RXEG 1

st

_{stage setting = (2.34 x 40)}

RXEG 2

nd

_{stage setting = (2.2 x 40)}

Timers

Stage I = 3 sec

Stage II = 1 sec

3(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:

Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%

Phase angle difference: 5

ο

_{- 75}

ο

_{in steps of 5}

ο

Calculations:

Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30

ο

_.

Recommended Settings

Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %

Phase angle setting: 6 * 5

ο

Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

4(a) REL 511 (21) - BASPUR NAGAR FEEDER

System Particulars

(24)

3)Max power flow in the line - 1694.61 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.16221744 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.386116 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.405631 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.622174 ohms/km B)CT/PT details

C)Source Impedance

E)Fault resistance

Relay

Calculations

= 1.9216 ohms

= 4.8051 ohms

= 19.2161 ohms

= 15.1724 ohms

= 3.7931 ohms

(25)

Zone-1 setting

= 1.5373 ohms/phase

= 3.6591 ohms/phase

= 3.8441 ohms/phase

= 15. 3729 ohms/phase Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931, 3.6591x 0.4663 + 1.5373) , 3 x 3.6591} = 2 x Min {3.7931 10.9773 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 3.6591 x 0.4663 +1.5373) , 4.5 x 3.6591} = Min { 15.1724 , 16.4659 }

= 2.30592 ohms/phase

= 5.48868 ohms/phase

= 5.7661 ohms/phase

= 23.0593 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 3 x 5.48868} = 2 x Min { 4.8653, 16.466 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 5.48868 x 0.4663 + 2.3059) , 4.5 x 5.48868} = Min { 15.1724 , 24.6990 }

(26)

Zone-3 setting

= 3. 8432 ohms/phase

= 9.1478 ohms/phase

= 9.6102 ohms/phase

= 38.4322 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 3 x 9.1478} = 2 x Min { 8.1088 , 27.4434 }

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 9.1478 x 0.4663 + 3.8432) , 4.5 x 9.1478} = Min { 15.1724 , 27.4434 }

= 0.3843 ohms/phase

= 0.9148 ohms/phase

= 0.9610 ohms/phase

= 3.8432 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (3.7931 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 3 x 0.9148} = 2 x Min { 3.7931 , 2.7444}

= Min { Max (15.1724 , 0.9148 x 0.4663 + 0.3843) , 4.5 x 0.9148} = Min { 15.1724 , 4.1166 }

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for

(27)

distance protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

= ( 2 [2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176] ) = 47.808 ohms/loop

= (2[1/3(2 x 3.8432+ 9.6102)+15.1724]) = 47.8759 ohms/loop

= 2 x X0PE

= 2 x 38.4332=76.8664 ohms/phase

The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE) = Max (16.2176,15.1724) = 16.2176 ohms/loop Load Angle, ARGLd = 25º (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

= 1.1 x X1PP

= 1.1 x 9.1438 = 10.0582 ohms/phase

= 1.1 ( 2 x 3.8432 + 16.2176) = 26.2944 ohms/phase

Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended) Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended) Setting Recommendations:-1) Zone-1:-R1PP & R1PE = 1.5373 X1PP & X1PE = 3.6591 R0PE = 3.8441 X0PE = 15.3729 RFPP = 7.5862

(28)

RFPE = 15.1724 2) Zone-2 :-R1PP & R1PE = 2.30592 X1PP & X1PE = 5.48868 R0PE = 5.7661 X0PE = 23.0593 RFPP = 9.7306 RFPE = 15.1724

RFPP = 47.808

RFPE = 47.8759

RLd = 16.2176

ARGLd = 25º

:-X1IN = 10.0582

R1IN = 26.2944

KX = 125

RX = 125

(29)

4(b)

Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:

RXIB range: 0 .2-3A

Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:

CT ratio = 1000 / 1A

Calculations:

Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit.

The most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the

setting recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (1694.61 x 10

6

_{) / (√3 x 132 x 10}

3

_{) = 7412.21 A}

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 7412.21 = 370.61 A

The secondary current is 370.61 / 1000 =0.37 A

Setting recommended = 0.4 A

Time Delay :

The time delay should include

RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin

ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)

= 150ms

4(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary

to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time

between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single

phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be

longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy

phases.

Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec

Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec

Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the

auto-reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

(30)

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker. Typical value =

30 sec.

4(d) Under Voltage Protection – 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:

Under voltage 1

st

_{stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V

Time delay 1

st

_{stage – 3 sec.}

Under voltage 2

nd

_{stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V

Time delay 2

nd

_{stage – 1 sec.}

Recommended Settings:

RXEG 1

st

_{stage setting = (2.34 x 40)}

RXEG 2

nd

_{stage setting = (2.2 x 40)}

Timers

Stage I = 3 sec

Stage II = 1 sec

4(e)Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:

Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%

Phase angle difference: 5

ο

_{- 75}

ο

_{in steps of 5}

ο

Calculations:

Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30

ο

_.

Recommended Settings

Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %

Phase angle setting: 6 * 5

ο

Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

5(a) REL 511 (21) - RISHIKESH FEEDER

System Particulars

(31)

3)Max power flow in the line - 7109.02 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km B)CT/PT details

C)Source Impedance

E)Fault resistance

Relay

Calculations

Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 189 x 0.045833

= 0.2580 ohms

Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 189 x 0.045833 = 2.8759 ohms

Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 189 x 0.045833

= 1.4026 ohms

Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 189 x 0.045833

= 10.7414 ohms

= 0.9167 ohms

= 0.2291 ohms

(32)

Zone-1 setting

= 0.2064 ohms/phase

= 2.3007 ohms/phase

= 1.1221 ohms/phase

Zero sequence reactance , X0PE = 0.8 x 10.7414 = 8.5931 ohms/phase Resistive reach for phase-phase faults,

= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291, 2.3007 x 0.4663 + 0.2064) , 3 x 2.3007} = 2 x Min {1.2792, 6.9021 }

= Min { Max (0.9167 , 2.3007 x 0.4663 +0.2064) , 4.5 x 2.3007} = Min { 1.2792 , 10.3532 }

= 0.3096 ohms/phase

= 3.4511 ohms/phase

= 1.6831 ohms/phase

= 12.8897 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 3.4511 x 0.4663 + 0.3096) , 3 x 3.4511} = 2 x Min { 1.9188, 10.3533 }

= Min { Max (0.9167 , 3.4511 x 0.4663 + 0.3096) , 4.5 x 3.4511} = Min { 1.9188 , 15.5299 }

= 1.9188 ohms/ loop Zone-3 setting

(33)

= 0.516 ohms/phase Positive sequence reactance , X1PP&X1PE = 2 x 2.8759

= 5.7518 ohms/phase

= 2.8052 ohms/phase

= 21.4828 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 5.7518 x 0.4663 + 0.516) , 3 x 5.7518} = 2 x Min { 3.1981 , 17.2554 }

= Min { Max (0.9167 , 5.7518 x 0.4663 + 0.516) , 4.5 x 5.7518} = Min { 3.1981, 25.8831 }

= 0.0516 ohms/phase

= 0.5752ohms/phase

= 0.2805ohms/phase

= 2.1483 ohms/phase

= 2 x Min { Max (0.2291 , 0.5752 x 0.4663 + 0.0516) , 3 x 0.5752} = 2 x Min { 0.3198 , 1.7256}

= Min { Max (0.9167 , 0.5752 x 0.4663 + 0.0516) , 4.5 x 0.5752 = Min { 0.9167 , 2.5884 }

GFC is an overall impedance-measuring element with a very high reach and long time delay for its tripping function. The GFC characteristics should in general cover all the impedance measuring zones used for distance protection ,regardless of their directionality. Normally set to 2 times of zone-3 with a limit on the resistive direction so that the characteristics does not enter the load area.

(34)

= (2 [2 x 0.516 + 6.3962]) = 14. 8564 ohms/loop

= (2[1/3(2 x 0.516+ 2.8052) + 3.1981]) = 8.9541 ohms/loop

= 2 x X0PE

= 2 x 21.4828=42.9656 ohms/phase

The resistive reach in the load impedance area , RLd = Max(RFPP,RFPE) = Max (6.3962,3.1981) = 6.3962 ohms/loop Load Angle, ARGLd = 25º (Assumed)

Power Swing Block Function

= 1.1 x X1PP

= 1.1 x 5.7518 = 6.3270 ohms/phase

= 1.1 (2 x 0.516 + 6.3962) = 8.168 ohms/phase

Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KX = 125%(recommended) Reach multiplication for the outer reactive boundary, KR = 125%(recommended) Setting Recommendations:-1) Zone-1:-R1PP & R1PE = 0.2064 X1PP & X1PE = 2.3007 R0PE = 1.1221 X0PE = 8.5931 RFPP = 2.5584 RFPE = 1.2792

(35)

2) Zone-2 :-R1PP & R1PE = 0.3096 X1PP & X1PE = 3.4511 R0PE = 1.6831 X0PE = 12.8897 RFPP = 3.8376 RFPE = 1.9188

RFPP = 14.8564

RFPE = 8.9541

RLd = 6.3962

ARGLd = 25º

:-X1IN = 6.3270

R1IN = 8.168

KX = 125

RX = 125

(36)

5(b)

Breaker Failure Protection - 50 - RAICA

Relay Detail:

RXIB range: 0 .2-3A

Time delay: 20 ms - 99 hrs

System Particulars:

CT ratio = 1000 / 6A

Calculations:

Setting of LBB should be as sensitive or more sensitive than the most sensitive protection of the unit.

The most sensitive protection of the unit is Reverse power protection which is set at 5%. Hence the

setting recommended is 5% of the rated current

The rated current is (7109.02 x 10

6

_{) / (√3 x 400 x 10}

3

_{) = 10261.29 A}

5% of this corresponds to 0.05 x 10261.29 = 513.06 A

The secondary current is 513.06 x 6 / 1000 =3.0786 A

Setting recommended = 3.1 A

Time Delay :

The time delay should include

RXIB pickup time + Breaker opening time + Reset time of RXIB24 + Margin

ie., the time delay = 4ms + 60ms + 12ms + 75ms ( Assuming 3 cycle breaker)

= 150ms

5(c) Auto reclose RAAAM

Dead Time: A time between the fault clearing and the reclosing shot is necessary

to allow for the arc de-ionisation. The dead time setting corresponds to the time

between the auto reclosing start and the reclosing shot. In the event of a single

phase fault and single phase tripping in long lines, the de-ionisation time will be

longer than with three phase tripping due to capacitive coupling to the healthy

phases.

Single phase dead time is recommended to be set to 1sec

Three phase dead time is recommended to be set to 600msec

Reclaim Time: The reclaim time is the time during which a new start of the

auto-reclosing is blocked. It is chosen considering the breaker duty cycle, which

specifies the minimum allowed time between successive breaker reclosing

(37)

neither deteriorate the breaker capacity nor damage the breaker.

Typical value =

30 sec.

5(d) Under Voltage Protection – 27P - RXEG

Relay Details:

RXEG range: 40 - 120 V

Calculations:

Under voltage 1

st

_{stage is set to 85% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.85 x 110 = 93.5 V

Time delay 1

st

_{stage – 3 sec.}

Under voltage 2

nd

_{stage is set to 80% of the rated voltage.}

Setting of RXEG = 0.8 x 110 = 88 V

Time delay 2

nd

_{stage – 1 sec.}

Recommended Settings:

RXEG 1

st

_{stage setting = (2.34 x 40)}

RXEG 2

nd

_{stage setting = (2.2 x 40)}

Timers

Stage I = 3 sec

Stage II = 1 sec

5(e) Check Synchronizing Relay RASC:

Relay Details:

Voltage difference: 7.5 - 67.5 % in steps of 7.5%

Phase angle difference: 5

ο

_{- 75}

ο

_{in steps of 5}

ο

Calculations:

Check synchronizing relay for line is set to voltage difference of 30 % and phase angle difference of 30

ο

_.

Recommended Settings

Voltage setting: 4 * 7.5 %

Phase angle setting: 6 * 5

ο

Connect 110 V if phase to phase voltage is connected

5(f) LZ96 Distance Relay

System Particulars

(38)

3)Max power flow in the line - 7109.02 MVA 4)Positive sequence resistance - 0.029792 ohms/km 5)Positive sequence reactance - 0.332 ohms/km 6)Zero sequence resistance - 0.16192 ohms/km 7)Zero sequence reactance - 1.24 ohms/km B)CT/PT details 1)CT primary rating - 1000 A 2)CT secondary rating - 6 A 3)PT primary rating - 400000 V 4)PT secondary rating - 110 V

C)Source Impedance

E)Fault resistance

Relay

Calculations

Positive sequence line resistance in secondary,R1 = 0.029792 x 189 x 0.4

= 0.258073 ohms

Positive sequence line reactance in secondary,X1 = 0.332 x 189 x 0.4

= 2.87595 ohms

Zero sequence line resistance in secondary,R0 = 0.16192 x 189 x 0.4

= 46.81152 ohms

Zero sequence line reactance in secondary,X0 = 1.24 x 189 x 0.4

= 93.744 ohms

Positive sequence resistance R1 = 0.8 x 0.258073

= 0.206459 ohms/phase