Project proposal:
A. Background of the study
New advance technology arises starting from the bloom of science discoveries. Human keep improving his daily living by creating electrical devices and gadgets that will help him do more work for less effort, like cell phones, tablets and others. A search for new energy sources comes to a trend to supply man’s demand for doing work.
Also, as these technologies improve, a direct increase on the rate of nature’s destruction happens. He gets aware and finds way how to conserve his environment.
Through these ideas in mind, the researchers thought of making such device that could generate electricity enough to charge small electrical gadgets through environment friendly source. They consider the utilization of bicycles, as one of people’s daily transportation, to charge rider’s electrical gadgets.
B. Methodology
To make the Improvised Mini-generator, the materials and equipments will be gathered. Then the electrical wirings of the generator will be set into place. The Universal Serial Bus will be attached to the electrical board. These wirings will be kept safe in a box cover, where the USB will only be placed through the box. Next, the gear will be attached to the printer motor. This will accept the mechanical energy from the wheel and be converted to electrical energy through the printer motor.
The device will be expected to produce at least 4V of electricity to charge a cell phone battery for testing. Also, 20 respondents will rate the device’s acceptance in terms of
durability, affordability and reliability in making electricity compared to commercial power banks.
C. Statistical Analysis
The statistical analysis to be used will be Wilcoxon Signed rank test for a paired experiment because two sample differences will be observed, the Improvised Mini-generator (IMG) and commercial power banks (CPB). Three Statistical analyses will be performed (in terms of durability, affordability and reliability in making electricity)
Evaluator # IMG CPB
1 2 … 20
1. State Null and alternative hypothesis
Ho= Improvised Mini-generator and commercial power banks are identical. Ha= Improvised Mini-generator and commercial power banks are not identical. 2. Set level of significance (α) = 0.05
3. Test gathered data. Evaluator # D = IMG-CPB Rank 1 2 … Σ (-) Σ (+) R T
4. Test null hypothesis comparing value of T with T critical [(20, α= 0.05) for one–tailed test] = 52.
If T ≤ T critical; reject Ho
Statement of the problem:
This study aims to make a device that could generate electricity enough to charge small electrical gadgets through environment friendly source.
Also it search answer for the following questions:
1. Are the materials of the device economical and can be found in the community? 2. Is the device environment-friendly?
3. Is the device acceptable compared to commercial ones in terms of: a. Durability;
b. Affordability; and
c. Reliability in making electricity?
Significance of the Study:
The success of this study will greatly benefit people who use bikes as transportation and those who often use electrical gadgets. As they run their bikes, they start to charge their electrical devices through the improvised mini-generator. It will also benefit the health of people as it promotes “charge as you bike”; because biking is a form of recreational exercise.
And it will greatly benefit our nature as it uses no-emission source of energy and does not consume non-renewable resources just to charge devices.
Scope and Limitations:
The Improvise Mini-generator can be only used in charging electrical gadgets that only require not more than 5V to run.
Also the device can be only used in bicycle and not on bigger vehicles for it may break. Only cables with USB ends can only be used in the device for it is the only output outlet the device contains.
Review of Related Literature: A. Generator
If you've ever moved paper clips around with a magnet or killed time arranging metal shavings into a beard on a "Wooly Willy" toy, then you've dabbled in the basic principles behind even the most complicated electric generators. The magnetic field responsible for lining up all those little bits of metal into a proper Mohawk haircut is due to the movement of electrons. Move a magnet toward a paper clip and you'll force the electrons in the clip to move. Similarly, if you allow electrons to move through a metal wire, a magnetic field will form around the wire.
Thanks to Wooly Willy, we can see that there's a definite link between the phenomena of electricity and magnetism. A generator is simply a device that moves a magnet near a wire to create a steady flow of electrons. The action that forces this movement varies greatly, ranging from hand cranks and steam engines to nuclear fission, but the principle remains the same.
Modern Steam Turbine Generator
http://www.nrc.gov/images/read
ing-rm/photo-gallery/20071115-One simple way to think about a generator is to imagine it acting like a pump pushing water through a pipe. Only instead of pushing water, a generator uses a magnet to push electrons along. This is a slight oversimplification, but it paints a helpful picture of the properties at work in a generator. A water pump moves a certain number of water molecules and applies a certain amount of pressure to them. In the same way, the magnet in a generator pushes a certain number of electrons along and applies a certain amount of "pressure" to the electrons.
In an electrical circuit, the number of electrons in motion is called the amperage or current, and it's measured in amps. The "pressure" pushing the electrons along is called the voltage and is measured in volts. For instance, a generator spinning at 1,000 rotations per minute might produce 1 amp at 6 volts. The 1 amp is the number of electrons moving (1 amp physically means that 6.24 x 1018 electrons move through a wire every second), and the voltage is the amount of pressure behind those electrons.
(Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/electricity3.htm) B. Bicycle
Bicycles are one of the world's most popular modes of transportation, with some 800 million bicycles outnumbering cars by two to one. Bicycles are also the most energy-efficient vehicle—a cyclist burns about 35 calories per mile (22 calories per km), while an automobile burns 1,860 calories per mile (1,156 calories per km). Bicycles are used not only for transportation, but for fitness,
competition, and touring as well. They come in myriad shapes and styles, including racing bikes, all-terrain bikes, and stationary bicycles, as well as unicycles, tricycles, and tandems.
(Source: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/bicycle.aspx) C. Cell phones
Among all consumer electronic devices ever invented, cellular telephones (cell phones for short) have been the most popular in terms of the number of devices sold as a function of time. Today, cell phones are almost as common as the wired
telephone.
In certain European countries, they exceed the total number of wired
telephones, and in several Scandinavian countries, cell phones have become a way of life.
(Source: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Wireless_telephones.aspx) Definition of Terms:
Bicycle - a vehicle with two wheels and a seat that is moved by pushing pedals with the feet, and steered by handlebars at the front wheel.
Cell phones - a portable telephone operated through a cellular radio network. Cyclist - somebody who rides a bicycle, motorcycle, or other such vehicle
Generator -a machine or device that is used to convert mechanical energy, such as that provided by the combustion of fuel or by wind or water, into electricity.
Magnetic Field - a region of space surrounding a magnetized body or current-carrying circuit in which the resulting magnetic force can be detected.
Non-Renewable energy - nonrenewable types of energy exist in limited amounts, and when these are used, there will be none left.
Universal Serial Bus - an external interface standard designed for communication between a computer and attached low- to mid-speed peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, and keyboards.
Bicycle
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ti mquijano/6337789618/?rb=1
Modern Cell Phones
http://scienceblogs.com/greglad en/files/2014/06/newcellphones
Voltage - the amount of power in an electric current, measured in volts
Methodology:
A. Materials and equipments
The materials needed were
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. B. Procedure
In making the Improvised Mini-generator, the materials and equipments were
gathered. Then the electrical wirings of the generator were set into place. The Universal Serial Bus was attached to the electrical board. These wirings were kept safe in a box cover, where the USB was only placed through the box. Next, the gear was attached to the printer motor. This accepts the mechanical energy from the wheel and then converted to electrical energy through the printer motor.
C. Testing
The device was expected to produce at least 4V of electricity to charge a cell phone battery for testing. Also, 20 respondents rated the device’s acceptance in terms of durability, affordability and reliability in making electricity compared to commercial power banks.
MARIVELES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – CABCABEN IV - SpecialScience Class
Research II
Project title: Application of the Improvised Mini-generator in Bicycles to charge Eletrical Gadgets Name of respondent:________________________________________________ Occupation:_______________ Age:_______
Device Satisfactory Form
Rate the Improvised Mini-generator’s acceptance in terms of durability, affordability and reliability in making electricity compared to commercial power banks using the scale below:
1-Not acceptable 2- A little acceptable 3-Moderately acceptable 4-Acceptable
5-Highly acceptable
Improvised Mini-generator commercial power banks
durability affordability
reliability
Respondent #:____ ___________________________
Resources: Generator
Brain, Marshall, William Harris and Robert Lamb. "How Electricity Works" 28 May 2004. HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/electricity.htm> 30 September 2014. Bicycle
Avizienis, Audra. "Bicycle." How Products Are Made. 1996. Retrieved September 30, 2014 from Encyclopedia.com: <http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2896600023.html>
Cell phone
Krishnamurthy, Prashant. "Cell Phones." Computer Sciences. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (September 30, 2014). <http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401200340.html>
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Caintic, Helen & Cruz, Juanita. "Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for a Paired Experiment." Statistics. 2008. (December 31, 2014).
