Hy-Expert
TM
Instructor
Fuel Cell System
Experiments Guide
Including Components Description
Experiments guide and components description for the Hy-ExpertTM Instructor Fuel Cell System
5th Edition, September 2005
Copyright © 2005 Heliocentris Energiesysteme GmbH
All rights reserved. These manual and individual parts thereof are protected by copyright. All exploitation, duplication or photocopying is prohibited except in cases permitted by law.
Components of the hy-Expert™ Instructor Fuel Cell System are protected by patent applications and/or registered designs.
Head office: Heliocentris Energiesysteme GmbH Rudower Chaussee 29 12489 Berlin Germany Tel. (+49 30) 63 92 63 26 Fax (+49 30) 63 92 63 29 [email protected] www.heliocentris.com
North American customers contact: Heliocentris Energy Systems Inc. 3250 East Mall Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1W5 Tel. 604 827 5066 Fax 604 827 5069 [email protected] www.heliocentris.com
General notes
General notes
Heliocentris Energiesysteme GmbH provides this documentation to facilitate the safe and
correct use of the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system. All statements, technical information and recommendations in this documentation and accompanying documents are believed reliable, but the accuracy and completeness thereof are not guaranteed or warranted. They are not intended to be, nor should they be understood to be, representations or warranties concerning the products described.
The following Components Description is a brief version of the hy-ExpertTM Instructor Operation Guide. It is intended to assist while operation under the supervision of
trained personnel and does not replace the Operation Guide. Before operating this fuel cell system, please make sure to read and understand the information of the
hy-ExpertTM Instructor Operation Guide. If you have questions, please contact Heliocentris
Energiesysteme GmbH or your supplier.
The hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system has been sold subject to the limited warranties set forth in the warranty statement. Further, Heliocentris reserves the right to make changes in the specifications of the products described in this manual at any time without notice and without obligation to notify any person of such changes.
Table of contents
© Heliocentris – Energizing education
Table of contents
A: Operating References
A.1 Warnings and safety references A.2 Product overview
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50
A.4 Electronic Load Module EL200 A.5 Voltage Converter Module VC100 A.6 Traffic Light Module TL10
A.7 Control software
A.8 Hydrogen supply option I: Connection set for compressed hydrogen cylinders
A.9 Hydrogen supply option II: Metal hydride storage with refilling kit
A.10 Hydrogen supply option III: Hydrogen generator with metal hydride storage
B: Technical basics and didactics
B.1 Learning objectives
B.2 Teaching references and methodology B.3 Recommended web sites
Table of contents
C: Teacher guides for the experiments
C.1 The basic functions of the fuel cell system C.2 The characteristic curve of a fuel cell
C.3 Parameters influencing the characteristic curve C.4 Determination of the hydrogen current curve C.5 Efficiency of the fuel cell stack
C.6 Set-up of a fuel cell power supply C.7 Efficiency of a fuel cell power supply C.8 Fuel cell application I: Remote traffic light C.9 Fuel cell application II: Fuel cell car
D: Student experiments
D.1 The basic functions of the fuel cell system D.2 The characteristic curve of a fuel cell
D.3 Parameters influencing the characteristic curve D.4 Determination of the hydrogen current curve D.5 Efficiency of the fuel cell stack
D.6 Set-up of a fuel cell power supply D.7 Efficiency of a fuel cell power supply D.8 Fuel cell application I: Remote traffic light D.9 Fuel cell application II: Fuel cell car
A.1 Warnings and Safety References 1
A.1 Warnings and Safety References
1 Symbols used in this guide
The following symbols are used in the Experiments Guide to indicate warnings and specific dangers:
Warning Indicates a potentially dangerous situation. Serious injuries can occur if this reference is ignored.
Warning Indicates danger of explosion.
Warning Indicates danger from rotary parts.
Warning Indicates danger of short-circuits or electrical shock.
Prohibition No open fire!
Prohibition Smoking prohibited!
Prohibition Do not attempt to extinguish with water!
Reference Draws attention to application tips and other useful
information. This is not a reference to dangerous situations.
2 Warnings and Safety References A.1
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 2 General Warnings and Safety Instructions
The hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system has been developed and manufactured according
to recognized technical regulations and is tested for function and safety before delivery.
The hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system is a laboratory instrument designed for
operation by trained personnel in education and research. The hy-ExpertTM Instructor
is not a "consumer-oriented" product, whose appropriate operation is generally
known and which is protected against operation errors or inappropriate use. Improper operation or abuse can lead to dangers to the health of the operator, the fuel cell system itself and other property items.
The Fuel cell system produces low voltage electricity by converting hydrogen
electrochemically. The hydrogen is stored in pressurized cylinders, a metal hydride tank, or generated by a special hydrogen generator.
The operating and maintenance conditions laid down in these Components Descriptions must be observed. If the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system is passed on to a third party,
the Operating Instructions must also be passed on.
3 Restricted use
The hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system and its components may only be used for experimentation, demonstration or research purposes. All other uses are not intended and therefore prohibited.
For safety reasons, unauthorized modifications or changes to the system or its components are prohibited. The parts and components of the system may not be disassembled. In particular, all gas components, such as the gas fittings or the mounting bolts of the fuel cell stack must not be loosened, since this can cause hydrogen leakage.
4 Sources of danger
Source of danger Possible consequences Precautions
Use of hydrogen Fire and danger of explosion
Avoid open fire and smoking in the vicinity.
Avoid electrostatic charges. Wrong polarity when
making electrical connections
Danger of short-circuits Make sure to have the correct polarity when making the electrical
connections. Rotating parts of the
cooling fans
Danger from rotating parts Do not put your fingers or other items into the fan housing.
A.1 Warnings and Safety References 3
5 Authorized operators
Anyone setting-up, operating or maintaining the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system must
be aware of applicable local industrial health and safety regulations. Measures must be taken to prevent unauthorized persons installing, operating or maintaining the system.
In education, the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system may only be used by students under
the supervision of teaching staff. As the teacher you must ensure proper handling of the system. You have an obligation to draw attention to potential dangers. Installation, start-up,
shut-down—and if necessary, maintenance—of the hydrogen supply as well as filling the metal hydride storage device may be done only through the teaching staff.
6 Workplace
The hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system is intended for installation and operation in
a suitable laboratory area. In particular, the room must be equipped with an effective
air-evacuation system that prevents the formation of explosive hydrogen-air mixtures in the event of any uncontrolled escape of hydrogen. Measures must also be taken to avoid electrostatic discharge.
Local safety regulations that apply at the installation site must be observed. This
applies in particular to the use and storage of hydrogen compressed gas cylinders that are not part of the supplied system.
The fuel cell system must be installed on a stable, horizontal and solid base; it must stand firm.
The catalysts and membranes of the fuel cell are sensitive to dust and reactive chemicals, e.g. H2S and other sulfur compounds, carbon monoxide, ammonia, chlorine compounds, solvents, etc. The system must therefore not be set up, operated or stored in rooms where there is a risk of exposure to these substances.
4 Warnings and Safety References A.1
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 7 Safety information about using hydrogen
• Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas.
• Users must take care to ensure that hydrogen is not allowed to collect in an
enclosed or unventilated area, which would cause a flammability hazard
• Avoid heat in the area surrounding the fuel cell system and hydrogen source. • Smoking and open flames are forbidden.
• Measures must be taken to avoid electrostatic charge.
In addition to its fire danger, hydrogen if allowed to collect in an enclosed or unventilated area can displace oxygen, thereby creating a risk of asphyxiation. The operator must ensure the following safety precautions are met:
• Adequate ventilation of the laboratory area • Proper installation of the hydrogen equipment
• Regular examination of the hydrogen piping and connections for leaks.
8 Safety precautions in an emergency
Significant hydrogen escape:
• Do not operate electrical devices, light switches, etc. as an explosive gas mixture could be present in the area.
• Immediately shut off the hydrogen source.
• Provide adequate ventilation to clear the affected area.
Fire or explosion:
• Immediately shut off the hydrogen source.
• Report the fire and follow the fire response procedures for your laboratory.
• Leave escaping hydrogen to "burn down". The flame of burning hydrogen is not
visible!
• Use a class D fire extinguisher or dry sand to extinguish burning metal hydride powder. Do not use water or CO2 extinguishers. If smoldering metal hydride powder cannot ignite adjacent materials, it may be best to leave the hydride burning.
Other emergencies not involving hydrogen escape:
Immediately switch off the FC50, remove its hydrogen connecting tube and if necessary close the valve of the compressed hydrogen cylinder or the metal hydride storage canister.
1 Product Overview A.2
A.2 Product overview
1 Basic package
The Basic system package includes essential components of the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel
cell system. These are the minimum components needed to perform experiments 1 through 5 (basic experiments). Hydrogen is supplied using one of the three listed options.
Pressurized hydrogen cylinders needed for options I and II must be obtained from the local technical gas supplier.
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Component Item No.
Fuel Cell Module FC50
(including power supply, control software, documentation)
610
Electronic Load module EL200 620
Choice of Hydrogen Supply Options:
I Connection set for compressed gas cylinders II Metal hydride storage with refilling kit
III Hydrogen generator with metal hydride storage
630 642 652
Hydrogen Supply Option I, II or III
A.2 Product Overview 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 2 Off-grid package
In addition to essential components of the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system, the Off-grid
system package includes the additional devices which are necessary to build a
grid-independent fuel cell power supply. With this package the application-orientated experiments 6 through 9 can also be performed. Hydrogen is supplied using one of the three listed
options. Pressurized hydrogen cylinders needed for options I and II must be obtained from the local technical gas supplier.
Module FC50
+
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Component Item No.
Fuel Cell Module FC50
(including power supply, control software, documentation)
610
Electronic Load Module EL200 620
Voltage Converter Module VC100 621
Traffic Light Module TL10 622
Choice of Hydrogen Supply Options:
I Connection set for compressed gas cylinders II Metal hydride storage with refilling kit
III Hydrogen generator with metal hydride storage
630 642 652
Hydrogen Supply Option I, II or III
1 Fuel Cell Module FC50 A.3
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50
1 Use
The FC50 Fuel Cell Module is the central component of the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell
system. It must only be used with one of the hydrogen supply options sold by
Heliocentris.
2 Overview and parts list
+
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3 Control connection to hydrogen supply valve 4 RS232 connector to computer
5 Main switch
6 RS485 system data bus connector 7 12V DC power input
8 Fuel cell stack power output 9 Purge valve with hose connection 10 Fan power control
11 Fuel cell stack
12 Cooling and air supply fans 13 Hydrogen flow meter
2 12 10 8 9 1 3 5 4 6 7 11 13
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 3 Basic functions
The fuel cell stack is designed for hydrogen-air operation. Hydrogen is supplied through a gas-tight quick-coupler (1); air is blown into the cells at atmospheric pressure by the fans (12) attached to the cell stack (11). The fans provide air both for the electro-chemical cell reaction and for cooling.
In the fuel cell stack, 10 single cells are connected in series. The current is tapped via current collectors at the two end plates.
The fans (12) are controlled either by the user or the internal control. If the fan control knob (10) is in the position "AUTO", the fan speed is set automatically according to the stack power output, so that adequate cooling is ensured at all times. In positions other than
“AUTO”, the user has direct control of the fan speed. Detailed operating conditions are given in the experiment guides.
The purging valve (9) automatically opens at intervals to purge the system. This is necessary to clear inert gases and water vapor from the fuel cell stack (11).
The integrated microprocessor controls the fuel cell and monitors system status. It also communicates with modules EL200 and VC100, and your computer, if attached.
4 Hydrogen source
For operating the FC 50 the purity of supplied hydrogen gas must be at least 4.0 (99.99 % pure). The permissible hydrogen input pressure is 0.4…0.8 bar gauge.
3 Fuel Cell Module FC50 A.3
5 Operation directions
5.1 Start-up
Observe the safety instructions during installation and start-up. Provide adequate ventilation and keep away from sources of ignition.
5.2 Manual operation, powered by external AC power supply:
• Place the FC50 panel into the upper right area of the support frame.
• Plug the connection cable of the 12V DC regulated power supply into the “12V=” jack (7) of the FC50 and plug the power supply into an AC power outlet.
• Using the supplied test leads, connect a suitable load to the stack power output (8).
Observe correct polarity.
If you are using the Electronic Load Module EL200 as a load: (See chapter A.4 for details)
o Place the EL200 panel into the lower right area of the support frame.
o Using the supplied power cord, connect the EL200 to an AC power outlet, and turn on the power switch (located behind the front plate, right side).
o Using the short test leads, connect the stack power output (8) of the FC50 to the load input of the EL200. Observe correct polarity.
o Ensure that the multi-turn load potentiometer is set to zero (fully counterclockwise). o Turn the switch on the EL200 front plate to "ON".
• Attach your chosen hydrogen supply with the quick-coupler to the hydrogen input (1) of the FC50. Connect the cable of your hydrogen supply’s solenoid valve to connector "H2-supply" (3).
For the correct start-up of your hydrogen supply refer to the appropriate installation and operating instructions found in chapters A.8 to A.10 of this Guide.
• Set the fan power knob (10) to “AUTO”. • Turn the main switch (5) to “ON”. • Press the “Start” button (2).
• The system now performs a self-check for about 10 seconds. If no error occurs, the FC50 begins operating. If an error occurs the error message is displayed in the display “H2 flow”. In this case please refer to section 8 of this chapter “Error messages and causes”.
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50 4
© Heliocentris – Energizing education
5.3 Manual operation, self-powered by the VC100 module:
• Place the FC50 panel into the upper right area of the support frame, and the VC100 in the lower center area.
• Using the supplied test leads, connect the FC50 stack power output (8) to the voltage input of the VC100. Observe correct polarity.
• Using the provided 3-pin cable, connect the output marked "Parasitic load" of the VC100 to the "12V =" jack (7) of the FC50.
• Connect a load (e.g. EL200 or TL10) to the output marked "available power" of the VC100. Observe correct polarity. (In addition to the VC100, you can connect additional loads directly to the FC50 stack power output.) Use only the supplied test leads for connecting loads.
If you are using the Electronic Load Module EL200 as a load: (See chapter A.4 for details)
o Place the EL200 panel into the lower right area of the support frame.
o Using the supplied power cord, connect the EL200 to an AC power outlet, and turn on the power switch (located behind the front plate, right side).
o Using the short test leads, connect the stack power output (8) of the FC50 to the load input of the EL200. Observe correct polarity.
o Ensure that the multi-turn load potentiometer is set to zero (fully counterclockwise). o Turn the switch on the EL200 front plate to "ON".
• Attach your chosen hydrogen supply with the quick-coupler to the hydrogen input (1) of the FC50. Connect the cable of your hydrogen supply’s solenoid valve to connector "H2-supply" (3).
For the correct start-up of your hydrogen supply refer to the appropriate installation and operating instructions found in chapters A.8 to A.10 of this guide.
• Set the fan power knob (10) to “AUTO”. • Turn the main switch (5) to “ON”. • Press the “Start” button (2).
• Initially powered by the starting battery of the VC100, the FC50 system now performs a self-check for about 10 seconds. If no error occurs, the FC50 begins operating. The VC100, now receiving voltage from the fuel cell stack, continues to power the FC50 with regulated 12V DC. If an error message is displayed, please refer to section 8 of this chapter “Error messages and causes”.
5 Fuel Cell Module FC50 A.3
5.4 Computer-assisted operation:
Computer-assisted operation is available regardless of how the FC50 is powered. In computer-assisted operation, you can adjust the EL200 load current and FC50 fan power
only through the computer. The computer monitors and logs all system parameters of the
FC50 and also, through the RS485 data connections, the EL200 and VC100. Before you run the FC50 software, ensure the following conditions exist:
• The long 9-pin cable connects "RS232" (4) on the FC50 with a COM port on the computer.
• The short 9-pin cables connect "RS485" (6) on the FC50 with the EL200 and if necessary connect the EL200 and VC100.
• The provided experiment software has been correctly installed on the computer. • The FC50 is not yet started.
Then run the software and select one of the experiment programs. The program will ask you to start the FC50 by pressing the start button (2). When you do, the FC50 begins to run in a computer-assisted mode. See chapter A.7 “Control software” for details of the FC50
experiment software.
6 Shutting down
When you are through using the system, proceed as follows to shut down and turn off: • Turn off any attached load.
• If using the EL200:
Turn the potentiometer fully anti-clockwise, move the switch to the "OFF" position and turn off the power switch located on the side of the module. See chapter A.4 for details.
• Turn the fan control knob (10) to "AUTO" and turn the main switch (5) to "OFF".
• Shut down the hydrogen supply following the detailed descriptions found in chapters A.8 to A.10 in this Guide.
Compressed gas cylinder: Shut off cylinder main valve.
Metal hydride storage canister: Close shut-off valve of the storage canister.
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50 6
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 7 Factors affecting operation
The performance of a fuel cell system and the voltages of individual cells of the stack are affected by various factors. The most important are:
• Current • Temperature • Air supply
• Prior operating conditions, especially the wetness of the membrane.
Because of the complexity of the system, no universal rules for its management can be given. In the Experiments Guide detailed investigations are described, in which parameters can be varied, to demonstrate the relations and dependences of those parameters. Usually optimal operating parameters are achieved only after a series of tests.
We recommend using the experiment guide as the basis of your work, observing the guidelines contained there.
Before attempting your own experiments with the fuel cell system, become familiar with the system parameters as described in the Experiments Guide. Also, in order to avoid damage to the fuel cells and to achieve good electrical efficiency:
• Control the fan power so that the stack temperature does not exceed 45 °C. If the temperature exceeds 50 °C, the system automatically shuts down.
• The longer the fuel cell stack is in continuous operation, the more powerful the stack becomes. After long periods without use, the membranes can dry out and the stack may need a longer time to reach its full power.
8 Error messages and causes
The microprocessor control of the FC50 is responsible for the management of the fuel cell system, for the monitoring of limit values and for the safety shut down of the system. In case of an operation error, the system will go into an error state, in which it:
• Puts the system into a safe condition, switching off the hydrogen supply and disconnecting the power output from the stack;
• Displays an error code for 30 seconds in the top-left window—labeled "H2 flow"; • After 30 seconds turns off the system completely.
While the system is in the error state, or after turning off, you can restart it by pressing the start button. If the reason for the error still exists, the system again displays the error code. The following table lists individual errors and appropriate responses.
7 Fuel Cell Module FC50 A.3
Error code
Description State: reason Response
Er 01 Hydrogen is missing
Starting: after three seconds of
purging the cell, the voltage of the last cell of the stack is still below 0.6 V
• See if hydrogen supply is empty, or improperly connected.
Er 02 Voltage of the fuel cell stack too low
Starting: < 7.5 V
Operation: < 4 V • Excessive load • Fan power set too low
• Reduce load on the fuel cell system
• Set fan power knob to "AUTO”
Er 03 Temperature of the fuel cell stack too high
Starting: > 45 °C
Operation: > 50 °C • Fan power set too low
• Ensure cooling fans are working • Set fan power higher or to
"AUTO”
• Ensure the ambient temperature is within range
Er 04 Load current too high
Current > 10.5 A
• In self-powered mode,
activating the purge valve briefly increases the load
• Ensure no short-circuit is present • Reduce the load
Er 05 Leaking in the system
Starting: Hydrogen flow > 60
ml/min with no current
Operation: Hydrogen flow > 40
ml/min over expected value
If this error occurs several times, the system has a hydrogen leak.
• Return FC50 to the manufacturer for examination.
Er 06 No voltage supply to FC50
In self-powered mode:
• Fuel cell stack power output not connected to VC100 input
• Ensure stack power output is connected to the input of VC100
Er 07 Communication with computer interrupted
Computer-assisted operation: • RS232-cable not connected • Control program not running • Computer too slow to respond
• Ensure RS232 cable attached • Start control software
• Ensure your computer meets requirements
Er 08 EL200 problem Temperature in Electronic Load too high
Voltage at the input of Electronic Load > 20 V
• Turn off the EL200
• Ensure cooling fans at the rear of the EL200 are working
Er 10 Cooling fan control
Starting: Cooling fan power not set
to "AUTO"
• Set fan power knob to "AUTO”
Er 11 No internal power in VC100
In self-powered mode: • Starting battery dead or
improperly installed
• Ensure cells are properly installed in the VC100.
A.3 Fuel Cell Module FC50 8
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 9 Improper modes of operation
The fuel cells must be sufficiently supplied with hydrogen at all times. Starving the stack of hydrogen while current is being drawn can lead to the destruction of the membranes or catalysts.
Never connect the fuel cell to an external power source (e.g. laboratory power supply or solar module). A current flow forced from outside can immediately destroy the fuel cell.
10 Technical data
Fuel cell stack
Rated power output 40 W
Maximum power output Approx. 50 W
Open circuit voltage Approx. 9 V
Current at rated power 8 A
Voltage at rated power 5 V
Maximum Current 10 A
Hydrogen consumption during rated output
Approx. 580 NmL/min
Hydrogen nominal pressure 0.6 ± 0.1 bar gauge
Max. permissible hydrogen pressure 0.4…0.8 bar gauge Max. permissible cell temperature Operation: 50 °C
Starting: 45 °C
Module FC50
Supply voltage 12V DC
Power consumption no-load operation: 5.2 W
at 10A load current: 6.4 W Hydrogen connection Swagelok® quick-coupler type QM2-S
Ambient operating temperature +5 …+35 °C
Dimensions 400 x 297 x 200 mm (WxHxD)
Weight 3.5 kg
Noise emissions < 70 dB(A)
1 Electronic Load Module EL200 A.4
A.4 Electronic Load Module EL200
1 Use
The EL200 Electronic Load Module is used as a variable load in the hy-ExpertTM Instructor
system. It is designed to work optimally with the FC50 fuel cell stack.
It is intended to be used only for educational and research purposes.
2 Overview and parts list
+
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3 Switch to connect/disconnect load 4 Load adjustment
5 Connection to load
6 (on the right side) Socket for power cord and main on/off switch
2 1 3 4 5 6
A.4 Electronic Load Module EL200 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 3 Basic function
When connected to a voltage source this electronic load functions as an electronically regulated resistance converting electrical energy into heat in a controlled way. The EL200 works in the so-called constant current mode compensating for voltage fluctuations in the load circuit and adjusting the resistance to maintain a constant current. A 10-turn
potentiometer on the front panel allows the load current to be precisely set.
4 Operation directions
4.1 Start-up
• Place the EL200 panel into the lower right area of the support frame. Ensure sufficient air circulation at the rear of the module, so heat produced in the device can be dissipated. In particular, do not block the vent openings.
• Attach the power cord to the AC power socket (6) at the right rear of the module and plug it into an AC power outlet.
• Set the load control (4) to zero (anti-clockwise) and the front panel switch (3) to “OFF”. This will prevent an uncontrolled load current flowing when the module is turned on. • Turn on the power switch (6) at the right rear of the module.
• Using two of the supplied 4mm test leads, connect the load input (5) to either the FC50 power output or the VC100 power output.
4.2 Manual operation
• Set the front panel load switch (3) to "ON".
• Use the potentiometer (4) to adjust the current flowing into the electronic load. The load current is shown in the “current” display of the FC50. The actual power drawn by the electronic load (load current times the clamp voltage) is shown in the “power” display of the EL200.
• Changing the position of load switch (3) will make abrupt changes in the load. However, before you make large load changes in this way, make sure that the fuel cell has been in operation for a while. Sudden large changes in loading can damage cells that are not thoroughly wet.
3 Electronic Load Module EL200 A.4
4.3 Computer-assisted operation
Connection/disconnection of the load and a current setting can be externally controlled through the RS485 interface (1). Power values from the EL200 are also available through this interface. Thus the EL200 can be operated with the FC50 in computer-assisted mode. In order to control the EL200 through your computer, proceed as follows:
• Using the supplied data cable, connect the RS485 socket (1) on the EL200 with the RS485 plug on the FC50.
• Start computer-assisted operation of the FC50, as described in section 3.6. • Set the front panel load switch (3) to "ON".
4.4 Shutting down
• Set the load control potentiometer (4) to zero (anti-clockwise). • Set the front panel load switch (3) to "OFF".
• Turn off the power switch (6) at the right rear of the module • If appropriate, remove all cables from the equipment.
5 Possible malfunctions
Overloading the EL200 leads to excess temperatures and a temporary safety shutdown. When the temperature has returned to normal, operation is automatically restored. If the excess voltage protection activates, disconnect the load from the voltage source to restore operation.
All other malfunctions and irregularities can only be repaired by the manufacturer. In such cases please notify your dealer, who will advise you about further measures to be taken.
6 Improper modes of operation
The Electronic Load EL200 must not be connected to sources of alternating current. It must not be connected to sources of direct current that exceed 20 V.
Always operate the EL200 with the supplied test leads, in order to keep the contact resistances to a minimum and prevent heating of the supply terminals.
A.4 Electronic Load Module EL200 4
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 7 Technical data
Maximum continuous load 200 W (cooling by fans)
Load voltage 1.2…20 V DC
Load current 0…10 A
Control Manual by 10-turn potentiometer,
externally by RS485 data bus Stability (with ∆V load ± 20%) ≤ 0.1% of I max + 3 mA Overload protection Power limiter, cut-off at excess
temperatures, automatic power restore Protection against reverse polarity Diode and fuse
Overvoltage protection Disconnection at VLoad, max + 10% Insulation voltage 1,5 kVeff load input to cabinet
2,5 kVeff mains to load input
AC power supply 115/230 V AC, 50…60 Hz
Ambient operating temperature +5 … +35 °C
Noise emission < 70 dB(A)
Dimensions 400 x 297 x 135 mm
Weight 5.4 kg
1 Voltage Converter Module VC100 A.5
A.5 Voltage Converter Module VC100
1 Use
The VC100 Voltage Converter Module supplies regulated power for the FC50 module control and fans, so that you can operate the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system as a
“grid-independent” power supply. It can also provide power for other devices that need 12V DC.
It is intended to be used only for educational and research purposes.
2 Overview and parts list
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1 RS485 system data bus connectors 2 Start-up battery holders
3 12V DC power output for FC50 control system and fans 4 12V DC power output
5 Unregulated power input (2…10 V DC)
2 1
3 4
A.5 Voltage Converter Module VC100 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 3 Basic functions
The VC100 acts as a DC-to-DC converter or a kind of "step-up transformer". It converts an input voltage within the range of 2…10 V DC into a regulated 12 V DC output.
To avoid thermal overload caused by exceeding the output power level, the converter has integrated current regulation to limit the input current.
When the voltage converter is connected so it supplies the FC50 with control and fan power, (modeling a grid-independent system), an internal battery allows the VC100 to provide power to the system during the 10-second starting sequence until the fuel cell itself can generate power.
4 Operation directions
• Place the VC100 panel into the lower middle area of the support frame. Ensure sufficient air circulation at the rear of the module, so heat produced in the device can be dissipated. In particular, do not block the vent openings.
• Place the 8 supplied alkaline cells into the battery holders. Observe the polarity as indicated in the battery holders. Press the battery holders into the VC100 front panel until they positively engage.
• Use the 4mm test leads to connect the VC100 power input (5) with the FC50 stack power output.
• If you want to operate the system in self-powered (“grid-independent”) mode, use the provided cable to connect the output (3) of the VC100 (3pin socket) with the FC50 connector labeled "12V =".
• Use the provided test leads to attach suitable loads such as the traffic light module TL10 and/or the electronic load EL200 to the VC100 output. Pay attention to the voltage and power consumption of the attached loads.
• For computer-assisted operation, use the 9-pin data cable to connect the VC100 and the FC50 via its RS485 bus. If the EL200 is already connected to the FC50 data port, you can connect the VC100 to the EL200.
5 Technical data
Input voltage 2…10 V DC
Output voltage 12 V DC
Max. input current 10 A
Max. input power 100 W (with Vin = 10 V)
Power output max.40 W (with Vin = 5 V)
Starting battery 8 x 1.5 V cells in series, type AA
Operating ambient temperature + 5…+ 35 °C
Noise emission < 70 dB(A)
Dimensions, weight 200 x 297 x 95 mm, 1.0 kg
1 Traffic Light Module TL10 A.6
A.6 Traffic Light Module TL10
1 Use
The TL10 Traffic Light Module is a 12 V sample load for the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell
system. 2 Overview 21 (,1r + $872 1 LED arrays 2 Mode switch 3 12V DC power input
The operation mode switch (2) has three positions. In the middle position the TL10 is switched off. In the position “AUTO” the TL10 cycles as a traffic light. In position “ON” all three LED arrays are lit.
3 Technical data
Input voltage 12 V DC
Capacity approx. 8 W (position "ON")
Ambient operating temperature +5…+ 35 °C
Dimensions / weight 100 x 297 x 140 mm / 0.6 kg
1
2 3
1 Control software A.7
A.7 Control software
The FC50 system including integrated microprocessor can be operated manually through its fan power and load knobs. You can alternatively run a program to operate it in a computer-assisted mode, in which the physical knobs don’t work. It is necessary run a program before starting the FC50. (See section 5.4 of chapter A.3.)
1 Running an FC50 Program
To run a program and operate the system in computer-assisted mode, you must connect the FC50 module to your computer through the RS232 interface. Start a program as follows: • The FC50 ON/OFF switch can be ON, but the system must not be operating—that is, the
physical panel displays must not be illuminated. • On the Windows Start menu, select
Programs > FC50 Software > FC50 Software 1.2E. The following selection menu appears:
• In the item Serial Port select the port you are using to connect the computer to the FC50 fuel cell module.
• Click to expand the “Experiments” categories if needed, then select a program in one of the three program groups:
o User Interface: This application displays an image of the physical FC50 fuel cell panel on your computer’s monitor. It also controls the FC50 and the EL200 modules and displays actual data from the system. The most important parameters are displayed in a time-dependent graph.
o Experiments: Using the programs listed in this group, you can perform experiments and collect data. The collected data are not analyzed, but only stored in a file where they can be used in other programs or printed out for analysis. For additional
information, refer to the Experiments Guide.
o Automated Experiments: These programs are similar to some in the Experiments group, but they run and collect data automatically. Data points are plotted and saved for further examination.
• Click START.
A.7 Control software 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 2 Control window (left side)
A common control window appears at the left side of the screen in all the FC50 programs. It contains buttons to start and exit, system messages, names of the log file and data storage file, and program sequence controls. The actual appearance of the control window may vary in different programs.
The Messages text box contains requests and notes about the operation of the system.
If an error occurs in the system, for 30 seconds the
Error Messages text box displays an error code and
a short description. See section 8 “Error messages
and causes” of chapter A.3. In addition an error
message appears on the screen. You can click the displayed OK button after the Instructor is turned off (automatically after 30 seconds or by turning the main switch off). Then correct the cause of the error, restart the FC50 and continue with the experiment. The previously measured values are not lost.
The FC50 software can store measured data in two ways simultaneously: as an array of selected values particular to the experiment being performed, and as a continual stream of logged values. The item
Experiment Data specifies the name of a text file
containing the array of selected values. If the file already exists, new values are appended to the existing file.
The item Log File specifies the name of a text file containing a stream of measured values. Click Start
Logging to store values every 100 ms. This function
is particularly helpful when analyzing abrupt changes in the load. Log files can become very large, and should not be allowed to grow over long periods. It is better to save several smaller files.
The item Starting Temperature specifies a stack temperature that must be reached before some experiments can begin to make and save measurements.
Clicking the Start Measuring button begins the experiment. If the stack temperature is less than the specified minimum, the warm-up panel is displayed. Clicking the EXIT button terminates the current program and returns to the selection menu. Measurements already taken are retained.
3 Control software A.7
3 Warm-up panel
When you click Start Measuring in the control window, and the stack temperature is lower than the starting temperature you specified for that experiment, the warm-up panel appears. Use these controls to apply increased load to the system, raising the stack temperature. Setting a lower-than-normal fan power will raise the temperature more quickly. However you should watch carefully the system values shown in the background, particularly the stack voltage. In some experiments a similar panel appears when it is necessary to lower the system temperature. You can lower the temperature by increasing the fan speed.
4 User Interface program
If you selected the User Interface program, you will see on your computer screen a graphic representation of the physical system modules. In the Messages box, you will be asked to “press START on FC50”. At that time, ensure the FC50 main switch is ON, but the system is not operating. Then press the green START button on the (physical) front panel.
The FC50 and EL200 can then be controlled only through the computer; the physical knobs have no effect. The User Interface program lets you change the load and fan power, and display and log data. The Panel Display window shows the system layout and its most important parameters. Use the virtual Load Current and Fan Power knobs to change those values.
A.7 Control software 4
© Heliocentris – Energizing education
In addition to the Panel Display window, a Data Display window is available. As before, you can use the virtual Load Current and Fan Power knobs to change those values. The Data Display shows in a graph the changing values of
• Stack voltage • Stack current • Stack temperature • Fan Power
• Hydrogen flow.
Click and drag at any point on the graph to change the time segment or value range displayed.
To terminate the program, click the EXIT button at any time. The main selection menu is displayed.
5 Control software A.7
5 Experiment programs
If you selected one of the Experiment programs (see section 1), you will see instructions in the Messages box, beginning with “Press Start on FC50”. Ensure the FC50 main switch is ON, but the system is not operating. Then press the green START button on the (physical) front panel.
In Experiment Data enter the name of a text file to contain the array of measured values. In
Starting Temperature enter the stack temperature that must be reached before you will
begin to save measurements. Click the Start Measuring button to begin the experiment. If the stack temperature is less than the specified minimum, the warm-up panel is displayed. A typical experiment, C.3.1 – Effect of Air Supply is shown below:
You should follow closely the detailed instructions for individual experiments as given in the
Experiments Guide. Specific instructions for measuring values may appear in the Messages
text box. In this example, when you click Take Pre-Set Values, the values you previously set with the virtual knobs Load Current and Fan Power are applied. The timing Clock begins to count. Click Store Measurement when you want to capture the current measurements. They are stored in the file as specified in Experiment Data, and displayed in the adjacent table. With the additional button Delete Last Row you can erase the last set of data in your data table. The data will be deleted in the screen table but not in the file named in Experiment
Data. Some experiments offer a Curve 2 button to save a second set of measurements.
When the experiment is complete, click EXIT to terminate the program and go back to the main selection menu. The values stored in the specified file can be analyzed.
A.7 Control software 6
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 6 Automated Experiment programs
If you selected one of the Automated Experiment programs, you will see instructions in the
Messages box, beginning with “Press Start on FC50”. Ensure the FC50 main switch is ON,
but the system is not operating. Then press the green START button on the (physical) front panel.
In Experiment Data enter the name of a text file to contain the array of measured values. In
Starting Temperature enter the stack temperature that must be reached before you will
begin to save measurements. Click the Start Measuring button to begin the experiment. If the stack temperature is less than the specified minimum, the warm-up panel is displayed. After the warm-up phase, the program automatically sets operating points, takes and displays measurements.
After the curve has been plotted, the Start Measuring button changes to Restart
Measuring. Clicking this button will repeat the measurements and plot another curve.
7 Control software A.7
At any time you can click EXIT to terminate the program and go back to the main selection menu. The values stored in the specified file can be analyzed.
If an error occurs during an automated experiment the software stops the experiment. The measurement can be restarted by clicking Restart Measuring.
7 Troubleshooting
Port naming
On some computers the list of interface ports in the “Serial Port” drop-down box may appear different. Instead of “COM1”, the port appears as “ASRL1::INSTR". On these computers, make your selection as follows:
To use this port … …Select this item in “Serial Port”
COM1 ASRL1::INSTR
COM2 ASRL2::INSTR
1 Hydrogen Supply Option I:
Connection set for compressed gas cylinders A.8
A.8 Hydrogen Supply I:
Connection set for compressed gas cylinders
1 UseThe connection set for compressed gas cylinders lets you connect standard cylinders of compressed hydrogen gas to the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system, supplying the FC50
with hydrogen at a constant operating pressure of approx. 0.6 bar gauge.
Its use is only to supply the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system with hydrogen for
educational or research purposes.
2 Overview and parts list
1 Two-stage regulator with pressure gauges for cylinder and delivery pressure
2 Inlet connection fitting for compressed hydrogen cylinder 3 Solenoid valve, normally closed
4 Control cable for solenoid valve
5 Hydrogen line 1/4" for supply to the FC50
6 Quick-coupler for connection to the FC50, closed when disconnected 7 Union nut for connecting hydrogen line to the solenoid valve (3) 8 Unattached coupling plug, to mate with quick-coupler (6)
9 Spare gaskets, for connection (2) to compressed hydrogen cylinder 10 Relief valve (1 bar)
Not shown: Support for user-supplied hydrogen cylinder
2 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 10
A.8 Hydrogen Supply Option I:
Connection set for compressed gas cylinders 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 3 Basic Function
The regulator (1) reduces the pressure of the hydrogen stored in the cylinder (max. 200 bar pressure) to a constant pressure of approx. 0.6 bar gauge necessary for the FC50. It is equipped with inlet and outlet pressure gauges and has a relief valve (10) on the outlet side, which opens at a gauge pressure of approx. 1 bar so that the attached components cannot be damaged by excessive pressure. The solenoid valve (3) is normally closed and opens only if the cable (4) is attached to the FC50 and energized. The connecting tube (5) with quick-coupler (6) delivers hydrogen to the FC50.
4 Special safety considerations for handling compressed hydrogen cylinders
You must be aware of and follow local safety regulations for handling compressed gas cylinders and hydrogen.
In a full compressed hydrogen cylinder, the pressure is approximately 200 bar.
Compressed hydrogen cylinders may not be stored in closed areas without appropriate installations. For indoor storage, special gas cylinder cabinets with a permanent explosion-proof exhaust are required. If this is not possible, cylinders must be stored outdoors. When using the cylinders in a laboratory area, the following precautions are recommended:
• Provide good ventilation of the area. • Smoking and open flame are forbidden.
• Avoid sources of heat near the compressed hydrogen cylinder and hydrogen piping. • Take measures to prevent electrostatic charges.
• Use the supplied cylinder support or appropriate equipment provided by your hydrogen supplier to prevent the cylinder from falling over.
• The cylinders must not be left unsupervised in the area.
• If no hydrogen is being used, always close the main valve on the cylinder.
In case of fire:
• Immediately report the fire and follow the fire response procedures for your laboratory. • Evacuate and secure the area and building
• Leave escaping hydrogen gas to "burn down".
3 Hydrogen Supply Option I:
Connection set for compressed gas cylinders A.8
5 Operation directions
5.1 Installation
• Place the compressed hydrogen cylinder on the floor beside the experimental set-up, and use the supplied cylinder support or appropriate equipment provided by your hydrogen supplier to prevent the cylinder from falling over.
• Before attaching the regulator, in order to clear out impurities, carefully open the main valve of the hydrogen cylinder for one second.
The cylinder is at high pressure. Do not direct escaping gas toward personnel.
• Remove protective cap from the inlet connection (2).
• Screw the regulator onto the gas cylinder, and hand-tighten (left-hand threads). • On the initial setup:
Screw union nut (7) of the hydrogen connecting line (5) onto the output of the solenoid valve (3) finger-tight only. Then further tighten 1/8 turn with a 9/16" wrench.
• Slowly open the main valve of the compressed hydrogen cylinder.
Do not attempt to adjust the output pressure, as the regulator is preset to the correct 0.6 bar output pressure, and is not adjustable.
5.2 Pausing and shutting down
When you are not using hydrogen, even during rest breaks, you should close the main valve of the compressed hydrogen cylinder.
To shut down operation, proceed as follows:
• Close the main valve of the compressed hydrogen cylinder.
• Relieve pressure in the regulator so that the pressure gauge reads zero. To do this, disconnect the quick-coupler (6) from the FC50 and instead connect it to the unattached coupling plug (8) allowing residual gas in the regulator to leak out.
• Remove the regulator from the hydrogen cylinder.
Pressure in the regulator must be relieved before unscrewing it, else the gasket at the cylinder connection can be destroyed.
A.8 Hydrogen Supply Option I:
Connection set for compressed gas cylinders 4
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 6 Technical data
Regulator 2 stage, Hydrogen gas
Input connector cylinder connection,
appropriate for national standard Max. permissible input pressure 200 bar gauge
Outlet pressure 0.6 ± 0.1 bar gauge (depending on flow), preset
Relief valve opening pressure 1.5 bar gauge
Power to operate solenoid valve 2 W (at 12 V DC) Hydrogen connecting tube PFA, outside diameter 1/4"
Quick-coupler Swagelok® type QM2-B
Ambient temperature operating range + 5 … +35 °C
Dimensions, without connecting cable 190 x 115 x 110 mm (LxWxH)
1 Hydrogen Supply Option II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit A.9
A.9 Hydrogen Supply II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit
1 Use
The HS150 Hydrogen Storage Module supplies the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system
with hydrogen from a metal hydride storage canister. Using the supplied refilling kit, this panel-mounted canister can be refilled from a standard compressed hydrogen cylinder.
Its use is only to supply the hy-ExpertTM Instructor fuel cell system with hydrogen for
educational or research purposes.
2 Overview and parts list
1 Single-stage regulator with pressure gauges 2 Relief valve (1 bar)
3 Connecting tube 1/4" with coupler for connecting to metal hydride storage canister
4 Shut off valve for metal hydride storage canister
5 Metal hydride storage canister with shut off valve and quick-coupler 6 Mounting plate with screw-down clamps for storage canister
7 Hydrogen line 1/8" with quick-coupler for supply to the FC50 8 Solenoid valve, normally closed
9 Control cable for solenoid valve
3 8 5 6 4 7 9 2 1
A.9 Hydrogen Supply Option II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit 2
© Heliocentris – Energizing education 3 Basic function
The storage canister (5) is filled with a special metal hydride alloy. It has a shut-off valve (4) and a gas outlet with quick-coupler.
The pressure in the storage canister is indicated on the gauge of the regulator (1). The regulator reduces the storage pressure to a set operating pressure of approximately 0.6 bar gauge. It has a relief valve (9), which opens if the outlet pressure exceeds 1.4 bar, so that the attached components cannot be damaged by excessive pressure. The solenoid valve (8) is normally closed and opens only if the cable (9) is attached at the operating FC50. The connecting line with quick-coupler (7) delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell of the FC50.
Using regulator (10) the metal hydride storage can be re-filled from commercial compressed hydrogen cylinders.
Metal hydride storage is based on the chemical reaction of hydrogen with certain metal alloys which are able to chemically bind hydrogen in a reversible reaction. The absorption of
hydrogen is an exothermic process; the hydrogen delivery is an endothermic process. Both procedures are influenced by the thermodynamic properties of the chemical reactions between hydrogen and the respective metal alloys. The hydrogen pressure in the storage canister mainly depends on the temperature of the metal alloy.
4 Special safety considerations for metal hydride storage canisters
The storage canister is equipped with a temperature and pressure-sensitive relief valve. This valve provides pressure release of the canister in case of unexpected extreme operation or storage conditions e.g. open fire. The release conditions of the valve are specified in section
7 “Technical Data”.The storage canister must be installed and stored in a position such
that no danger results from a possible opening of the relief valve. Do not block the relief valve.
The connections of the storage system must be regularly examined for tightness. The storage canister must be checked regularly for damage, deformation, etc. If irregularities
are found, immediately stop using the storage system and inform Heliocentris. In case of leakage or canister damage, hydrogen may be released. Due to the nature of
metal hydrides, only a small portion of the stored hydrogen will be released spontaneously. The canister temperature will decrease and further hydrogen release will occur at a fairly low rate. Therefore it is recommended to put the leaking canister in a well ventilated place (if possible outside of the building) until the canister is completely empty. During this time the canister should be on a fire-proof base away from any sources of ignition. The area should be marked in a suitable way. Only the manufacturer can repair a damaged storage
3 Hydrogen Supply Option II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit A.9
Source of danger
Possible consequences Preventive measures
Storage canister contains
Hydrogen
Danger of fire and ignition when opening the canister
• Do not open the canister. Do not remove the valve
• Store the canister in a well-ventilated place
• Keep away from sources of ignition • Take precautions against
electrostatic charge • No open fire • No smoking Storage canister contains pyrophoric / self heating metal powder
Danger of fire when opening the canister
• Do not open the canister. Do not remove the valve
• In case of fire use class D powder extinguisher; do not use carbon
dioxide extinguisher or water
Canister is under pressure. Pressure rises with increasing temperature. Unauthorized excess pressure
• Do not expose to sunlight; protect the canister from temperatures above 50°C
• Do not heat a filled storage canister without releasing hydrogen at the same time
• The maximum working pressure of the canister must not be exceeded at any time (see technical data)
5 In case of fire
Immediately inform the fire department
Hydrogen burning: Note: Hydrogen flames are not visible!
• Evacuate and secure the area and building • Leave escaping hydrogen gas to "burn down". Metal hydride powder burning:
• Evacuate and secure the area and building
• Suffocate fires with class D fire extinguisher or dry sand • Do not use water or CO2 extinguishers
• If smoldering metal hydride powder cannot ignite adjacent materials, it may be best to leave the hydride burning.
A.9 Hydrogen Supply Option II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit 4
© Heliocentris – Energizing education Operation directions
5.1 Installation of the metal hydride storage canister on its panel
• Loosen the knurled nuts of the storage canister mounting (6) a few turns.
• From the right side, slide the filled metal hydride storage canister into the mounting and align it.
• Connect the tube (3) to the quick-coupler of the storage canister (5).
• Align the canister and evenly tighten the knurled nuts of the storage mounting plate (6) finger-tight only.
• Connect the hydrogen connecting tube (7) to the quick-coupler and the control cable for the solenoid valve to the FC50.
When the two sides of the quick-coupler are connected and under pressure do not rotate them!
5.2 Using hydrogen from the metal hydride storage canister
After successful installation and having made all connections the shut-off valve (4) of the storage canister needs to be opened. When the FC50 fuel cell system has been started as described in 4.5 and the system is in operation, hydrogen flows from the storage canister (5) through the regulator (1) and the solenoid valve (8) into the fuel cell system.
The fuel cell system must be operated with a pressure of 0.6 ± 0.1 bar gauge. The setting of the regulator on the mounting panel is fixed and must not be changed.
While the storage canister is delivering hydrogen (discharging), the canister temperature decreases and the pressure in the canister decreases correspondingly. To keep the hydrogen pressure constant, the storage canister needs to absorb heat from the
environment. Normal air circulation is generally enough. Take care that while operating the fuel cell, the storage canister pressure does not decrease below 1 bar gauge. If it does, reduce the load on the fuel cell until the storage canister again warms to room temperature and shows higher pressure.
If the pressure within the storage canister falls below 1.0 bar gauge while the canister is at room temperature, the storage canister needs to be refilled.
You should keep some pressure in the storage canister at all times. If the canister has little or no pressure at a particular temperature, and the canister becomes further cooled, a negative pressure can develop, sucking air into the canister through the open valve.
5.3 Pausing and shutting down
When you are not using hydrogen, and the FC50 is switched off, you should close the shut-off valve (4) of the metal hydride storage canister. Otherwise over time pressure may rise at the regulator so that the relief valve can open and empty the canister.
5 Hydrogen Supply Option II:
Metal hydride storage, with refilling kit A.9
6 Technical data
Storage Canister
Intended gas specification Dry Hydrogen, purity 5.0 or higher Storage capacity:
• if charging @ 10 bar gauge
Max. 225 standard liters approx. 150 standard liters
Gas connection Quick-coupler Parker, type Q4CY
Discharge operation: • Discharging pressure • Max. canister temperature
Approx. 8 bar gauge @ 20°C (initially higher) +50 °C
Charge operation:
• recommended charging pressure • Max. charging pressure
• Allowed canister temperature
10 bar gauge @ +20 °C 17 bar gauge +15 ... +30 °C
Max. storage temperature +50 °C
Opening conditions of relief valve P ≈ 82 bar / T ≈ +88 °C
Dimensions (∅ x length) 64 mm x 305 mm
Weight 2.2 kg
Module HS150
Regulator Single stage, Hydrogen gas
Max. allowed input pressure 19 bar gauge @ +20 °C
Delivery pressure 0.7 ± 0.1 bar gauge (flow depending), preset Relief valve opening pressure 1.5 bar gauge
Connection to storage canister Parker quick-coupler, type Q4VY Hydrogen connecting tube PFA, outside diameter 1/8" Connection to fuel cell system Swagelok® quick-coupler, Type QM2-B Power consumption single solenoid
valve
2 W @ 12 V DC
Recommended operating temp. + 5 … +35 °C
Dimensions (w x h x d) 400 mm x 297 mm x 95 mm