Who fs It for
P
The book is designed primarily, but not exclusively, for adult students studying ESOL at schools and colleges in the United Kingdom.
It can be used to support topic- and function-based class work. Alternatively, students can use it for self-study or for their own reference.
The rationale underlying the book is to make grammar accessible, relevant and memorable. This is done by making use of step-by-step activities and clear contextualized language.
Level
The material takes the Key Grammatical Structures at Entry Levels 1/2 from the Adult ESOL core curriculum as its basis.
We know that the language profile of ESOL students at or around ‘pre-intermediate’ level is rarely an exact match for the Adult ESOL core curriculum level specifications. The book therefore attempts to take this
‘spiky profile’ of ESOL classes into account through accessible explanations and graded practice exercises.
Content
The book contains 30 units, followed by grammar notes, a database containing vocabulary notes and other information, an answer key and a pronunciation key.
Approach
The approach used in ESOL Practice Grammar asks students to infer the pattern or rule from context, rather than making overt statements about the language, to encourage genuine language development
The ‘Use in Context’ section in each unit presents the grammar point through a realistic scenario, usually a naturalistic dialogue involving characters that ESOL students can identify with. Students are asked to focus on key elements of the language to help them understand the pattern or rule. Further clarification is provided by referring the students to appropriate grammar notes at the back of the book.
A set of exercises practising the grammar point follows each ‘Use in Context’. These exercises are designed to account for differentiation within a class by offering a progressive degree of challenge. Where appropriate, the final exercise personalizes the grammar point with communicative interaction.
I would like to thank Sue Messenger and the ESOL students and teachers in the Skills for Life Department a t Central Sussex College. Also thanks to Lin for her support throughout.
The writing of a book like this necessarily involves reference to the corpus o f published ELT grammar books. In this respect, I would like to acknowledge in particular the work of R Murphy (CUP) and D Beaumont (Macmillan/Heinemann).
David King Author
6
8
11 14 1720
2 3 2 6 3 0 3 4 3 8 4 2 4 6 4 9 5 2 5 5 5 8 61 6 4 67 70 73 75 77 8 0 8 2 85 87 90 9 3 9 6am /is / are: the vert? be 1
there is
/
there are
/
it is / they are: the vert? be 2
The present continuous
/ / you / we / they: present simple 1
he / she / /£r: present simple 2
Imperatives
Question words
can / can't (cannot) / could / couldn't: modal verbs
have got
some / a n y: ciuantity 1
how much
/
how many
/
a lot
/
a few
/
a little: ciuantity 2
Making plurals: nouns
a / an / trAie: articles
the: the deFmite article
this / th at / these / those: demonstratives
Pronouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions o f time: in /
o n/ <=?£■
Prepositions o f place: in /
o n/
a tMore prepositions o f place
Prepositional phrases
Verbs + prepositions
Uses o f like
was / were: past simple 1
Regular verbs: past simple 2
Irregular verbs: past simple 3
Present continuous / will (won't) / going to: future
must / mustn't / have to: obligation
Comparative adjectives
Grammar notes
Database
Answer Key
U
se
in
c
o
n
te
x
t
oJV'-
How do we
use
m
am
/ f S /areP
(p a g e 9 6 ) Complete this table and then check your answers on page 123.Read about Deva.
"Hi. m y n a m e 's D e v a . I'm f r o m S r i L a n k a . I'm 3 2 y e a r s o l d a n d I'm m a r r ie d . / w o r k a t t h e l o c a l s u p e r m a r k e t — t o d a y I'm o n t h e c h e c k o u t b u t I'm n o t t h e r e e v e r y d a y . M y h u s b a n d 's n a m e 's R a fic i. H e 's 3€> a n d h e 's a t a x i d r i v e r . W e a r e a s m a ll f a m il y o f f o u r p e o p le . O u r s o n is e i g h t a n d o u r l i t t l e g i r l is o n ly f iv e . O u r f a m ilie s a r e n ' t in E n g la n d — t h e y ' r e in S r i L a n k a . S o m e t im e s l i f e i s n ' t e a s y b u t w e 'r e h a p p y ."
| Verb long form Negative form
1 1 am I’m not
You You are You’re / You’re not
He He’s He isn’t She It She is It’s She isn’t We They We are They’re
We aren’t / We’re not
/ ,
Complete this table with answers to the questions. JI Answers
Are you happy? Yes, 1 am.
Are you single? No, I’m not.
Are you a student? Yes, _________ .
Are you English? No.
How old are you? I’m
Where are you from? from
Is your friend English? Is your friend single?
Yes. she is. No.
Is your car new? No. it
Is your car very old? Yes. Are your children very young? Yes. the v Are your parents in England? No.
U nit 1: am / /s / are
& Database Z,
14, IS
am / is
/
are
Practice
Circle the correct option.
They isn’t /{aren^} American.
a I’m not / I amn’t married.
b Food in England isn’t /a re n ’t cheap.
c The teacher is /a re ill today.
d My name am / is Magda.
e The weather in England isn’t/a re n ’t very hot. 1 Buses and trains in England isn’t / aren’t cheap.
g I’m / I is sorry I’m / 1 is late.
h My girlfriend has / is 22 years old.
i We ’re / We’m students at the college.
j Is/A re your friend English?
k What is / are the capital city of your country?
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right.
i
a What’s your name? — 1 I ’m a chef.
b Are you English? 2 This is my wife, Nasra.
c Where are you from? \ 3 I’m 31.
d How old are you? \ 4 No, I’m married.
e Are you single? \ 5 It’s 34a Park Street.
f What’s your job? \ 6 I’m from Turkey.
g Who is this? x. 7 She’s Syrian.
h What’s her nationality? 8 My name’s Ismail.
i What’s your address? 9 No, I’m not.
Write the correct form of be.
‘‘Hello, my name’s Myra. I (a ______a student in an English class at the local college. My English
1b)______very good, but I like my class because my teacher ( c )_______very nice! I (d )_______36 years old and I (e )______from Pakistan. I ( f ) _______not single, I (g )_______married. My husband’s name
h) _____Amir. He T : _______40 and he ( J ) _______a driver for a supermarket. Our children’s names ( k ) ______Adel and Answa. They V;_
m )______good at English - much better than me! We n _
pupils at the local primary school. They very rich but we (o';______happy!”
4 Work with a classmate. Talk about yourself, your friends and family. For example: A: My name’s Youssef. I’m 28 and I’m a cook. What’s your job?
B: I’m a bus driver.
there fs
/
there are
/
ft fs
/
t h e y a r e th e verb be z
Database \Z
-> v
When do we use
i j
there fe
/
there are /
It is /
they areP
(p a g e B€>)Complete these sentences.
1 ___________ lots of families with young children in our street.
2 ___________ all very friendly.
3 ___________ a supermarket.
4 ___________ a big shop with everything I need.
Look at the pictures and answer the B t f i questions using there are.
Are there any shops in picture 1 ?
Are there any shops in picture 2?
Cheng is talking about the street
where he lives.
'V liv e in a t?usy s t r e e t n e a r t h e c i t y c e n t r e . T h e r e a r e l o t s o f f a m ilie s w it h y o u n g c h ild r e n in o u r s t r e e t . T h e y a r e a ll v e r y f r i e n d ly . A t t h e e n d o f t h e r o a d t h e r e a r e s o m e s h o p s . T h e re ? s a s u p e r m a r k e t . I t ' s a b ig s h o p w it h e v e r y t h in g I n e e d . T h e r e 's a p u b a n d a c a f e . T h e r e 's a ls o a p o s t o f f i c e a n d a c a s h p o in t . T h e r e i s n 't a c in e m a n e a r m y h o u s e b u t t h e r e 's a b ig o n e in t h e c i t y c e n t r e . s o i t i s n 't f a r . T h e r e a r e a l w a y s l o t s o f c a r s p a r k e d in o u r s t r e e t . I t ' s a b ig p r o b le m ." 8 U n it Si th e r e is / th e r e a r e / i t is / th e y a r eCircle the correct option.
Thereby are a sandwich in the fridge. a There is / are a car outside.
b There is /a re three eggs in the fridge.
c There is / are some / any new students in our class.
d There isn’t /a re n ’t a phone in my flat.
e There isn’t / aren ’t some / any shops near here.
f There’s / There are some/ any people in the office. g Are /Is there some/any good films on at the cinema?
Look at the picture and make sentences with there is / there are.
There. V a te.le.vi£io»\ in the corner.
a ____________________________________on the wall.
b _______________________________________on the television. c ________________________________________under the chair.
d ___________________________________________on the table. e __________________________________________under the table.
f __________________________________________on the floor.
g _____________________________________________ under the television.
Match the sentences.
a There’s a TV in my bedroom. 1 It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk from here.
b There’s a bus stop at the end of this road. \ 2 He’s my brother.
c There are some people outside. \ 3 They are very good at English.
d There are some keys on the floor. \ 4 It’s a little shop. It sells cigarettes.
e There are only four women in my class. \ 5 It’s not far.
f There’s a post office in the town centre. 6 It’s old and the picture isn’t very good.
g There’s a boy in the photo. 7 I think they are police officers.
h There’s a newsagent’s on the corner. 8 They’re mine.
Work with a classmate. Talk about the place where you live: the town, the street, and the house, flat or room.
For example:
A: There’s a supermarket in my town. There isn’t a cinema.
B: Are there lots of young people in your street?
Think of your bedroom. Quickly draw the room and the things in it. Show your partner your drawing and ask and answer questions.
For example:
A: Where is the desk?
B: It’s under the window, next to the bed.
The present continuous
G 7 Database I
It’s Tuesday morning. What are
they doing? Cheng is talking.
Look at the green words.
T o d a y I'm l e a r n i n g E n g lis h . R a f ic i is w o r k in g . A m ir i s n ' t w o r k in g . H e 's lo o k in g f o r a Jo b . J e y a a n d D e v a a r e r f t w o r k in g . T h e y 'r e s h o p p in g . M a g d a i s n ' t t e a c h i n g . S h e 's m o v in g h o u s e . I t ' s s u n n y t o d a y . I t i s n 't r a in in g .
How do we use
m
the present
oontinuoueP
( page BB)Complete the words in this table.
1 am (I’m) I’m not learning English.
You are (You’re) You aren’t work
He (He’s) He look foraiob.
She (She ) She mov house.
It .... (It ) It rain
We are (We’re) We aren’t shop
They____ (They ) They studv
I j How do we write the ~ing form of these verbs? 1 shop = shopp_______
2 move = mov
3 study = study_______
Complete these questions.
1 What_______you do_____? 4 _______she mov_____house?
2 ____you study____ ? 5 When_______we eat_____?
3______he look_____for a job? 6 Where_____they shop_____?
She's moving house
Practice
Write the ~ing forms of these verbs.
speak
a talk b live c work
e take f walk g move
i come j use k study
m speak n have o do q go r listen s eat d get h drive I shop p phone t stay _
Complete these questions and sentences.
What (kre. youdoi ^ ? (do)
a She______________television, (watch) e Amir is in bed. He_____________ . (work)
b Where_______he________? (go) f ____you__________ the computer? (use) c I________________ my mother, (phone) g They________________house this week, (move)
d It_________________to rain, (start) h We________________a party, (have)
3 Look at picture A. What are the people doing?
Winston iz d rirO d r^ a. cia^ o-f w<vter.
a Naomi___________________________. d Dee. b Jamie___________________________. e Jan _ c Ali and Malik________________________ . f Beatriz _
4 Look at picture B. What are the people doing now?
Winston i v_h drirvAcirva, he.V or^ -the. ^liDi\e..
a Naomi_______________________________ e Dee____________________________ b Jamie________________________________f Jan____________________________
c A li__________________________________ g Beatriz__________________________ d Malik_______________________________
Q Work with a classmate. Talk about what you are doing at the moment, today, this week.
For example:
A: I’m learning English at the moment.
B: So am I. What are you doing this evening?
/ /
you
/
we
/
they
p re se n t eim pie I
H a m id : D o y o u w o rk s * C h e n g : N o . 1 d o n 't . H a m id : W h a t d o y o u d o r * C h e n g : I s t u d y E n g lis h . H a m id : D o y o u k n o w R o m a nP C h e n g : Y e s . 1 d o . IV e g o t o t h e s a m e c o lle g e . D o y o u k n o w J e y a a n d D e v aP H a m id : Y e s , 1 d o . A r e t h e y h e r e t o d a y P C h e n g : N o . t h e y g o t o w o r k o n M o n d a y s a n d W e d n e s d a y s . T h e y w o r k p a r t - t im e . N o w d o w e u s e C h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e r * ( p a g e 9 6 )Complete the words in this table.
1 study 1 do not (don’t) study English.
You work You part-time.
(don’t) work
We go We to the same college.
( ... )go
They They to work.
( )go
Complete these questions and answers.
b o you go to college?
a Yes, I______ . e No, I______ . I______on Mondays and Wednesdays.
b What______you do? f What do_____________ ? They work at the supermarket.
c I_____ to work.
d ______you work full-time?
Circle the correct option.
What(^oyoudo) ' you do?
a What/ Where do you work?
b I don’t drive / drive not in England.
c Do you take / Take you sugar in coffee?
d We living / live in Birmingham.
e What language you speak / do you speak?
f Where they usually go / do they usually go shopping?
g They doesn’t / don’t eat meat.
h A: Do you studying / study English? B: Yes, I study/do.
i We don’t / doesn’t drinks / drink alcohol.
Put one of these words in each space.
jm iC do No do look Do jmotK like speak don’t drive don’t go They
A: Where do you work?
B: / work in a hotel.
a We________watch television very much.
b A: What do you________? B: I_________ to university. c A: Do you________apples?
B: Yes, I________ . d I __________ a taxi.
e Rafiq and Deva___go to college.______________work and f A: _______________you_many languages?
B:________ , I don’t.
after their children.
Write answers to these questions.
Where do you come from? I cowe. fro M TtaiU>\d. a Do you like the weather here? ____________________ b How many languages do you speak? ____________________ c Do you like English f o o d ? ____________________
d Where do you work? ____________________
e Do you live in a flat or a house? ____________________ f Do you drive a car in England? ____________________
Complete the questions to match the answers.
What kind of food d o you I ilce. ? I like Chinese food.
a Where_________________shopping? I go shopping in the city centre.
b What_________________at the weekend? I go out with my friends at the weekend.
c _________________ any sports? No, I don’t.
d Who_________________with? I live with my family.
e What time_________________? I get up at 7.30.
f _______ _________ the cooking at home? Yes, I usually do the cooking at home.
g What_________________for lunch? I usually have a sandwich.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about the things they usually do.
For example:
A: What do you do at the weekend?
B: I usually go shopping and meet my friends.
15
he
/
she
/
It
1
p re s e n t sim ple 2
Database 14
D o e s R a f ic i w o r k ? Y e s . h e d o e s . M e d r i v e s a t a x i . W h a t d o e s A m ir d o r * A m ir d o e s n ' t g o t o w o r k . H e d o e s n ' t h a v e a J o b . M o s t d a y s , h e g o e s i n t o t o w n . W h a t d o e s M a g d a d o r 9 S h e t e a c h e s a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y . D o e s i t r a i n a l o t in E n g la n d P Y e s , i t d o e s .How do we
use
the present simple with he
/
■
She
// 6 ?
(p a g e 9 6 )□
Complete the words in this table.He drives He has
She.
It
He does not (doesn’t) drive
He (doesn’t)
a taxi, a job.
---She (doesn’t) teach at university.
It ( ) rain a lot in England.
uJ
. He drives a taxi.
Complete these questions and answers. 1_____Rafiq work? Yes, he__ 2 Does Amir_____a job? No, he doesn’t.
3 Where_____Magda teach? She______at the university.
4 _____it rain a lot in England? Yes, i t_____ .
Write the he, she and it forms of these verbs by adding ~s or ~es.
work w o rk *
a like b teach c study d rain
e drive f QO g fly h learn
i move 1 do k carry 1 read
m live n finish o cry p listen
q come r wash s buy t take
How do we say the verbs ending in ~s or ~es? Complete the verbs from Practice 1 in the correct category. one sound I ike.*, r < K d ________, g________ , f________, I________ , m________ , d________ , r________, I________, c________ , c________ , b________ , t________ two sounds feAche.£, st________, c________ , I________ , w________ three sounds f______
Circle the correct option.
She teach /({eache^at the university.
a He always come / comes late.
b Does/Do Hamid like tea? c Jeya don’t/doesn’t like her job.
d Does she has/have breakfast every day?
e What time does he usually gets / get up?
f Amir doesn ’t play / plays football.
g When do / does the film start / starts?
h Takes he/Does he take sugar in his tea?
i My son listens not / doesn’t listen to me.
Rafiq is a taxi driver. Read about his typical day.
“When I take people to the airport I get up at 5 o’clock, but I usually get up at 7 o’clock. I usually work in the city centre. I have a quick breakfast, drive into the city centre and start work at about 8 o’clock. I usually have a coffee break at about 10.30 and I go to a cafe for lunch at 1.00.1 take about 45 minutes for lunch. I finish work at about 6.00, but when it is busy I work late and I get up later the next day. Sometimes I don’t get home until 10.00 and I don’t have dinner. I like my work. It’s very interesting. ”
Now complete the text about Rafiq’s typical day using h e ...
Whenhe. t a X e £ people to the airport (a )_____________at 5 o’clock but b ___________________
at 7 o’clock. ■ c ) __________________in the city centre, (d ) _______________a quick breakfast,
(e )__________________into the city centre and (? )_______________work at about 8 o’clock.
( g ) ______________________a coffee break at about 10.30 and ( h ) _______________to a cafe for lunch at 1.00. (T )______________ about 45 minutes for lunch. 0 ___________________work at about 6.00 but when it is busy (k )______________ late and (T)_______________later the next day. Sometimes m ______________________home until 10.00 and ( n )___________________dinner.
( o ) ______________ his work. It’s very interesting.
Now write a short paragraph about a friend or family member using the third person. Use the paragraph about Rafiq as a guide.
For example:
^ h e w ^iA rtJIy ^ e .t£ wp 7 . 3 0 , *he. \\<k$ b r e ^ k - f ^ t & o 'c lo c k : <M\d le A ve .£ th e . how ^e. 3.l£.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about a friend or someone in your family.
For example:
A: Where does your brother live? B: He lives at home with my parents.
A: What time does he get up? B: He usually gets up at 8 o’clock.
a
Imperatives
& Database
10,13
Hamid wants to find a post
office. He asks someone in the
street. Read the conversation
and look at the green words.
Hamid: Excuse me. Where's the post office, please? Man: Go straight down this
road. Turn le ft a t the end and walk to the t r a ff ic lights. Cross over and take the second road on the right. Don't take the firs t road. The post o ffic e is on the left.
Hamid: 1 see. Thanks a lot.
s\ I /y
Now do we use fmpersitfveeP
(p a g e 9 7 )w
Look at the map. Where is the post office?
71
Complete these sentences with the verbs the man uses in the conversation.Cjo straight down this road._______left at the end and________
to the traffic lights._______over and________ the second road on the right.
__________________the first road. The post office is on the left.
Circle the correct verb form.
(Goy You going up this street.
c Please to answer / answer these questions. g Please you fill / fill in your personal details.
d Don’t take / You not take more than four tablets in 24 hours.
What are these people saying? Match the pictures with the sentences.
1 Tick the relevant boxes. 2 Don’t go near the dog. 3 Put the mixture in a bowl.
4 Drive carefully. 5 Put on your coat. 6 Work in pairs.
7 Do not exceed the stated dose. 8 Get me some eggs, please. 9 Turn off your mobile phones.
Put the correct verbs in the doctor’s instructions.
Don’t go Drink Take go Don’t get up Stay Call don’t eat J k f
“Qo home and a ) _____straight to bed. ( b . ______in bed for the next 24 hours, ( c )____________
if you still have a headache, (d) ______________________one of these tablets every three hours, ( e )_lots of water but (? )______________ anything solid for 24 hours, ( g ) _____________ to work for a week.
( h ) _____me if you don’t feel better. ”
Work with a classmate. Ask for and give directions to places on the map. Ask about the post office, supermarket, car park, cinema, cash point, newsagent’s, chemist’s and railway station.
For example:
A: Excuse me, where’s the post office, please?
B: Go straight down this road. Turn left at the end and walk to the traffic lights. Cross over and take the second road on the right. Don’t take the first road. The post office is on the left.
A: I see. Thanks a lot.
f t
7
Question words
-V*-
Now do we use
^
cyues&on words"?
( p a g e 9 7 )
Write the question words.
To ask about things generally: W hat?
1 To ask about places:________ ?
2 To ask about age, numbers or ‘in what way’: _______ ?
3 To ask about people or things if there is a small choice: _______ ?
4 To ask about times:_______ ? (or What time?)
5 To ask about people:________ ? 6 To ask about who things belong to: _ 7 To ask about reasons:_______ ?
Hamid is in the college
library. The librarian is asking
him some questions. Look at
the green words.
Librarian: What's your name? Hamid: Hamid Patel.
Librarian: Where do you live? Hamid: 23 Chapel Road. Librarian: How old are you? Hamid: I'm 26.
Librarian: Which class are you in?
Hamid: Class 306.
Librarian: How o ften do you come to college? Hamid: Twice a week. Librarian: Which evenings do
you come? Hamid: Tuesdays and
Thursdays. Librarian: When does your
class s ta rt? Hamid: At 6.30.
Jan and Magda are talking.
Look at the words in green.
Jan: What kind o f music do you like?
Magda: I like most kinds. Jan: Who's your
favourite singer? Magda: Enrique Iglesias. Jan: Whose iPod is th a t? Magda: It's my boyfriend's.
VJhy do you ask? Jan: No special reason.
U nit 71 Question words
W h a t k in d o f music:
d o y o u
//TceP
Circle the correct option.
What/ ($/her$ do you live?
a How old are / have you? e Which time / When does your class start?
b Which / What time is it? f Who’s / Whose mobile phone is that?
c How/ Who much does it cost? g How often / What times do you go to the cinema?
d Why / Which reason are you learning English?
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. a What’s your favourite sport? ---- 1 My teacher is very good.
b Which is your favourite day of the week? \ 2 He’s called Peter.
c How do you get to work? \ 3 One metre, 62 centimetres.
d When do you start work? I 4 Saturday.
e Where’s the nearest supermarket? I 5 1 usually take the bus. f Who’s your best friend? I 6 At 8.30.
g How tall are you? \ 7 It’s at the end of this road.
h Why do you like your class? \ 8 It belongs to Rafael.
i Whose car is that? ' 9 Football.
Complete these questions with the correct question word.
In the High Street. Chinese food.
It’s small, only two bedrooms. It’s mine.
Because it’s very interesting. At about 11.00.
Tea, please, In the town centre. Every Saturday. My mother
Where. V the nearest post office?
a __’s your favourite kind of food?
b _________ big is your house?
c _________mobile phone is this?
d _________ do you want this job?
e __________do you usually go to bed? f _________do you prefer, tea or coffee?
g __________do you do your shopping?
h ________often do you play football?
i ________is your next of kin?
Write the questions.
Wtare. do you live.? I live at 32 Goodman Street.
a __________________________________? I’m 27 years old.
b __________________________________? I’m a receptionist in a hotel.
c __________________________________? I get up at 7.00.
d __________________________________? I usually have coffee and toast for breakfast.
e __________________________________? I live with my family.
f __________________________________? I want to learn English to get a good job.
g __________________________________? I prefer the colour blue.
h _________________________________? I spell my name H-A-M-l-D, Hamid.
i __________________________________? Three days a week, Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays.
j __________________________________? That’s my brother’s car.
Some of these questions are right and some are wrong. Tick ( / ) questions that are right. Correct any mistakes.
J/jlherfbig is your garden? How bi^
a Why do you like tennis?______________________________________________________ b How’s car is that?_________________________________________________________ c Where does the class start?___________________________________________________ d What’s your favourite sport?__________________________________________________ e Who is the nearest chemist?__________________________________________________
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about your life.
For example:
A: Where do you live?
B: I live in Gossops Green, about 15 minutes from the town centre.
a
s
,
can
/
carft (cannot)
/
could
/
C O U ld r f
t
m odal verbs
When do we use
can
/
carft
/
couldP
m
(p a g e 9 7 )
Complete the examples in these sentences.
1 We use can to talk about present ability - 1 c*a speak.
The negative is can’t - _________ write. To ask a question we use can you - _________ speak English?
2 We use______ or could to say something is possible or OK:_________ make an appointment?
_________________4.45 but_______ ___
Amir is having an interview for a
job. Look at the green words.
Interviewer. Can you speak English?
Amin Yes, I can speak it quite well.
Interviewer: And can you write in English?
A bit. but I can't write very well.
Amir.
Jeya is phoning the doctor’s
surgery. Look at the green words.
Jeya: Receptionist: Jeya: Receptionist: Jeya: Receptionist:
This is Jeya Perera. Could I make an appointment to see the doctor this afternoon, please?
Just a moment. Now about 3.30? Sorry. I carft make that. Is there a later time?
Mm. The doctor could see you a t 4M5. or 5.20?
I can't make 4M5 but I could come a t 5.20. OK, Mrs. Perera, we'll see you then.
at 5.20.
The form of can / can’t (cannot) / could / couldn’t does not change.
I /You /We /They can/can’t (cannot)/ speak English. He / She / It could / couldn’t write very well.
Can/ Can’t / I/y o u /h e /s h e / it / we make an appointment?
Could / Couldn’t / they come at 5.20?
Unit 3t can / c a rft (cannot) / could / couldn't
Circle the correct option.
I do can {fear}) swim very well.
a I don’t think she can understand/ understands English.
b I’m can / / can meet you at 6.00 tomorrow.
c Do you can / Can you listen to me, please?
d He can to see/see you now.
e They can’t / don’t can come to the party. f Am I could / Could I borrow your pen?
g I’m sorry that the dentist doesn’t could / couldn’t see you yesterday afternoon.
h I can / I could use a computer very well now.
i Could I ask / to ask you a question ?
Complete these sentences with can or can’t. G*a we meet tomorrow?
a _______you phone me later tonight?
b There’s no more work so you_______leave early tonight. c I’m sorry but I______help you.
d You_______borrow my car if you are careful.
e I’m busy right now - 1_______talk to you.
f _______you speak up, please? I_______ hear you.
g I_______get a bus to work but I________get a train.
Complete these sentences with could or couldn’t. C ould I borrow your car?
a It was a shame he_______come to the party.
b I_____________do it now, if you like.
c I_hear what they were saying, it was so noisy.
d A: She_______be late on Monday. B:________she leave work earlier?
e He_______have let me know he was running late! f I’m so tired, I feel like I_______sleep for days.
What are these people saying? Use Could you...? or Could I...?
open /window a post /lette r
C ould you o^e.^ the, w indow , p i __ __________
b use /phone c repeat / address
d turn down / television e borrow / dictionary
Write questions and answers about these abilities.
O vA you -te .i\i\i£ ? N o , I CArv ~t.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with can and could.
For example:
A: Can you play the piano?
B: No, I can’t.
A: Could we meet for a coffee at the weekend?
B: Yes, we could.
have got
Read about some people.
Look at the green words.
Ismail: 1 can't- go to work today. I've got a bad headache. Magda\ Nave you got any
children?
Jeya: Yes, 1 have. I've got a son and a
daughter. Cheng: We haven't got
any milk, c o ffee or eggs.
Rafiq: We've got a new house. It's got three bedrooms and a garden.
~W
~ When do we use have got^F>
(page
97
)
Complete these examples.
We often use have got to talk about: • illn e s s - I've. ^o± a bad headache.
• family - _____________a son and a daughter. • shopping - ____________ any milk, coffee or eggs?
• things we have - ____________ a new house._____________three bedrooms and a garden.
I/Y ou/W e/They h a v e /’ve got a headache.
have not/haven’t a daughter.
a house.
H e /S h e /It h a s /’s a garden.
has not / hasn’t
Complete these questions and answers using have got. 1 ____ you_______any children? Yes, I__ 2 ____she_______any children? No, she _
Pra ctice
Circle the correct form.
(FvTgop/1 do have two brothers.
a They don’t have got / haven’t got many friends.
b He has got /have got a new car.
c Do you got/Have you got backache?
d Have you got the time, please? Yes, I have got /have, e The house doesn’t got / hasn’t got a garage.
f Has she got a mobile phone? No, she hasn’t / hasn’t got.
g Do you know if they’s g o t/th e y’ve got any children?
h Has he got /Have he got a cold?
i I think he is / has got a dog.
Hc.V ^ o t b^ck^che.. a
2
Look at these pictures. What’s the matter with these people? (See Database 13, pages 116-117.),f
3 Complete these questions and answers.
A: Have. you q o t any sisters? B: Yes, I tave.. I've, ^ o t one.
a A :_______________ any brothers? B: Yes, I __________ . __________three.
b A :________________ any eggs? B: Yes, we__________ .
c A:_______________ a house?
B: Yes, she_________ . ___________a nice house.
d A :_______________ a garden? B: No, i t__________a garden. e A :_______________ a girlfriend? B: No, I__________ . f A :_______________ an iPod? B: No, he_________ . g A :_______________ flu? B: No, they__________ .
Complete these sentences with the correct form of have ( ’ve) / haven’t / has ( ’s) / h asn’t g o t
She's <jot two cats and a dog.
a They_____________a house with four bedrooms.
b I can’t work at home because I________________ a computer. c He gets the bus because he________________ a car.
d He’s not very well. He_______a bad cold but I don’t think he_______flu.
e We__________some milk but we__________ any bread.
f You________two phone messages but you__________any e-mails.
g We_________a new TV but i t_____________ a very good picture.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions. Ask about family, things you have, shopping you need or illnesses you have.
For example:
A: Have you got a big family?
B: Yes, I have. I’ve got three brothers and four sisters.
B: Have you got a cold?
A: No, I haven’t.
70
some
/
any
q u a n tity 1
^ D a t a b a s e 11
Ling and Cheng are going shopping. Look
at the green words.
Cheng: We've got: some bread, some b u tter and some tomatoes. We haven't got any milk, c o ffe e or eggs.
Ling: Do we need any cornflakes?
Cheng: No, it's OK. we've got some.
Ling: Nave we got any meat? Cheng: No. we haven't got any. Ling: Do we need to get some
cash? Cheng: Yes. we do.
When do we use some and any
P
(p a g e 9 7 )Complete these sentences.
1 In positive sentences, we usually use £om£.
We’ve got_____bread,______butter and______tomatoes. 2 In negative sentences, we usually use_____ .
We haven’t got_____milk, coffee or eggs.
3 In questions, we often use_____ . Do we need_______cornflakes? 4 We can also use_____ if we expect a Yes answer.
Ling: Do we need to get_____cash? Cheng:_____ , we do.
Circle the correct option: some or any.
We’ve got(somey any eggs.
a There are some / any people in the restaurant.
b I haven’t got some / any money.
c There isn’t some/any petrol in the car.
d A: Have you got some/any change you can give me? B: No, I haven’t.
e I’ve got some / any work I must do. f A: Can I have some / any more potatoes?
B: Yes, of course.
g Don’t get some / any more apples. We don’t need some / any.
h There isn’t something / anything on the television tonight.
i A: Is there some / any post? B: No, there isn’t some/any today.
2 This is Amir’s fridge. Write some or any. (See Database 11, pages 110-112.)
There is ^om£ butter.
a There are_______eggs.
b He hasn’t got_______vegetables.
c There aren’t. d He’s got__ e There isn’t f He hasn’t got _ g There’s____ h He’s got___ i He hasn’t got_ tomatoes. milk. _ chicken, beef. orange juice. _ apples, salad. U n it 10x so m e / a n y
Here is Amir’s street. Write sentences using some or any and the words given.
shops children playing trees houses gardens cats people talking
There are ^owe. c<kr$.
a There are b There are c There are d There aren’t e There aren’t f There aren’t q There aren’t
4 Complete the sentences using some or any.
I’d like fresh flowers, please.
a I need to get__ b They haven’t got
c There isn’t____
new jeans. _ children.
d You must put______ e I don’t think we’ve got 1 A: Are there_______
hot water so you can’t have a bath. _ new batteries in the radio.
bread. e-mails for me? B: No, there aren’t
g A: Can you put__ more milk in my coffee, please? B: Sure, here you are.
h That boy is getting fat because he never takes exercise.
A: Do you want cash back?
B: No, thanks. I don’t need_________ .
5 Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with some or any. Talk about things like shopping, where you live, and your family.
For example:
A: Do you need to get any shopping?
B: Yes, I need to get some fruit.
A: Are there any shops in your street?
B: No, there aren’t any.
11
how much
/ h o w
many
/
a lot
/
a few
/
a Iftzfcle
q u a n tity
z
// Database 11
Ling and Cheng are at the supermarket. Look
at the green words.
Cheng: blow many eggs shall we get?
Ling: A lot. 1 want to make a lot o f cakes.
Cheng: And tomatoes, how many do we need?
Ling: Only a few. We don't need many.
Cheng: Now much milk shall we get?
Ling: We need a lot. so get a couple o f big bottles. Cheng: Now much b u tter do we
need?
Ling: Just a little. We don't use much.
Complete these sentences. Use examples from Ling and Cheng’s conversation. 1 With nouns we can coun t we use taw M^Ay?________________ eggs shall we get?
We use________ for a large quantity. I want to make_________ of cakes. We use________ or not_________ for a small quantity. Only_________.
We don’t need________ .
2 With nouns we can’t count, we use how________ ? ________________ milk shall we get? We use__ for a large quantity. We need_______________ , so get a couple of big bottles. We use________ or not_________ for a small quantity. Just_________ . We don’t use________ .
Write these words in the correct column of the table.
j p o m f lessons times time coffee students children petrol tables oranges orange juice cash pounds sugar information English sports sport cola meat exercise onions salad flowers
Complete the questions using the words from Exercise 1. In some cases, more than one word is possible.
How much co-P-Tee do you drink?
a How many________are in your class?
b How much________do you spend a week?
c How many________are there in this room?
d How much_________do you know?
e How much_________do you eat?
f How many________do you eat?
g How much_________do you do every week?
h How many_________a week do you go to college?
i How much_________do you spend watching television?
Look at Jeya’s fridge. What has she got?
She’s got a lot of po±<ktoe.*.
a She’s got a few_______ b There’s a little________ c She hasn’t got much____ d There aren’t many_____
e There is a lot of _
f She’s got a little
g There are a few.
Write one word in each space - much, many, lot, few or little. 1 A: How Much milk do you take in your tea?
B: Just a______ , half a spoonful.
2 A: How_____________people do you know in England? B: I know a_______of people; from my work, my college,
my neighbours, and my children’s friends.
3 A: How______petrol does your car use? B: It uses a________. It’s very expensive to run. 4 A: How_______e-mails do you send every day?
B: I only send a______ , not______ ; maybe two or three.
5 A: How______fruit do you eat every day?
B: Just a______ , not______ . I know I should eat more.
6 A: How______times a week do you go shopping? B: Not_____ ; maybe once or twice.
Circle the correct option.
(JjmTmucJ)/How many sugar should I use?
a There is a little /a few coffee left in the jar.
b How many/How much information do you need?
c There is a lo t/a little of sugar in cola.
d Jeya has a fe w /a little tomatoes in her fridge.
e How much/How many lessons do you have on Monday?
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with How much and How many. Look at Exercise 2 and Exercise 4 in this unit.
For example:
A: How much coffee do you drink?
B: I drink a lot - four or five cups a day.
Making plurals
nouna
& Database S, II
Read about the town centre. Look at the
green words.
There are some shops in the town centre. There is a lot o f t r a f f ic We can see some cars and two buses. There are a lot o f people on the streets. We can see two men with their wives and children There is a woman wearing jeans and
sunglasses.
l - l o w d o w e m a k e p l u r a l s P (p a g e 9 7 )
w
Complete these examples. Some of the answers can be found in the yellow box.
1 Most nouns + shop- » car - »____ , street ->________ .
2 Nouns ending ~s / ~sh / ~ch / ~x + -es: bus - »_____ .
3 Nouns ending ~y change to ~ies: baby - >_____ .
But for ~ay / ~ey / ~oy + ~s: boy _____.
4 Nouns ending ~fe change to -ves: wife - »_______ .
5 Some nouns have special plurals: man - >___, person - >________, child - >___
6 Some nouns are always plural: jeans, s____________ .
7 Uncountable nouns are always singular: t_____________.
Write the plurals of these nouns. If there is no plural, leave a space.
umm
plural singular pluralpen k city a watch I mouse b lady m sandwich c day n egg d knife o church e tooth P week f trousers
q
milk g weather r shorts h bag s camera i bank t family j box u gentlemanWrite the singular of these nouns.
■ B
B
plural singular plural I^-twde.iv.'t students f people
a women 9 loaves
b houses h parties
c dishes i feet
d fish j sheep
e classes k children
Some of these sentences are right and some are wrong. Tick ( / ) sentences that are right. Correct any mistakes.
She’s got threejMcfs. children
a The men are asking him questions.__________________________________
b I can’t find the keis to my house.____________________________________
c I don’t like English foods._________________________________________ d Please put some knives and forks on the table.
e Please can you give me some informations? __ f My wife gave me a new pyjama for Christmas. g I love to eat all kinds of fish.____________
h There is a lot of sheep in the English countryside. i There are twelve persons in my class._______
Look at the pictures and circle the correct plural form to complete the phrases.
a Some milk / milks. Two bottle / bottles of milk / milks.
b Some eggs/egges. A dozen/A dozen of eggs/egges.
c A pyjama /Some pyjamas. Two /A pair of pyjama / pyjamas.
d Some sugar / sugars. Two spoonsful / spoonfuls of sugar / sugars.
e Some feet/feets. Two/Two pairs of feet /feets.
f Some persons / people. A group o f / Groups of people / peoples.
Work with a classmate. Think of ten nouns and then ask your partner to write the plurals.
a
/
an
/
the
a rtic le s
12 /Database 4,14
Read about where these people live and
work. Look at the green words.
Cheng is a student a t City College. Me lives in a fla t. The fla t is near the college.
Jasmeena is a university teacher. She works a t Sussex University. The university is in the countryside.
Ismail is an engineer. He works in an office. The o ffice is in the city centre. It takes an hour and ten minutes to get to work.
When do we use a
/an
/Che?
(p a g e 9 3 )m
Complete the examples.
1 We use a before a noun. The noun is not special: <k student,____flat.
2 We use an before a. e. i. o. u: ____ engineer,______office.
3 We use an before a silent h :_______________ and ten minutes. 4 We use a before u pronounced fy x \/:_______________ teacher.
5 We use the when the noun is special or we know the person, place or thing:
_________flat is near________college.___________________________is in
_______________________. ____________________is in__________________centre.
Practice
Write a or an. a bus
a lesson b egg c university d son
e __ _ apple f bottle
q
umbrella h computeri hour j ___ hospital k __insect I woman
m European city n old car o orange room P new book
q
question r house s actor2 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
A dog is a animal, a * aiumaI
a Pawel works as a electrician.___________________________ b A food at Mario’s restaurant is very good._______________________ c The train is a hour late.__________________________
d Excuse me, can you tell me a time?______________________ e Aisha works at an University Hospital. She is the nurse.______________ f Hamid lives in an nice house. An house has three bedrooms and the garden.
g I want to see a new film at a cinema.__________________________
3 Match the two parts of each sentence. Write a, an or the in each space.
animal. ___sea. ____hospital. ____restaurant. ____airport. doctor ____bird. 8 works in studio. Unit 13: a / an / the 47
4 Jeya and Deva are in a snack bar. Complete the conversation with a, an or the.
Assistant: What are you going to have?
Jeya: I’ll have_____sandwich, please._egg sandwich. Deva: And I’ll have____piece of cake and______apple. Assistant: Which cake would you like?
Deva:_____chocolate cake, I think. Assistant: And would you like____drink? Jeya:____cup of black coffee for me.
Deva: And ju st____orange juice for me, please. Assistant: Where are you sitting?
Jeya: A t____table in_____window, by_____door.
Assistant: OK, I’ll bring__________sandwich over to you when it’s ready.
3 Work with a classmate. Write down ten nouns. Ask your partner to tell you if we use a, an or the.
the
th e d e fin ite a rtic le
EDPatabaee 3, 6
V I /
When do we use ther
m ( p a g e 9 3 )
F
\ Put the correct words in the spaces.stations and airports jitee& aft& w zcJs' schools and colleges countriestowns and cities college subjects
We don’t usually use the before: s t r e e t * ^rvd ro^d^: 35 Hurst Road
____________________ ; Islamabad, Crawley
____________________ ; Pakistan, England
____________________ ; Gatwick Airport
____________________ ; Central Sussex College
____________________ ; English There are a few exceptions to these rules (see page 98): for example, the United Kingdom.
Complete the examples.
Hamid is talking about where he lives.
Look at the green words.
"/ come from Islamabad in Pakistan
but now I live in England. My
address is 35 Hurst Road. Crawley, not fa r from Gatwick Airport. I study English a t Central Sussex College. I like living in the United Kingdom.*
Now read what Hamid says about food.
Look at the green words.
"/ don't e a t meat. I like fish and I
have a lo t o f fru it and vegetables. I don't think the food in England is very good. The children here e a t a lot o f salt, f a t and sugar"
1 We don’t usually use the when we talk about things or people generally: me(k±, f___t, v_________ , s______ , f______, s______ .
2 We use the when we talk about specific things or people: -the. -Tood in England, here.
_____North Street The. United Kingdom
Write the if necessary.
a Birminaham f River Nile k European Union
b mathematics g Paris 1 Heathrow Airport
c Victoria Station h Buckingham Road m United Arab Emirates
d United States i Asia n London City University
e India j business studies
Write these sentences in the correct order.
sun / The / shining/ is Une. zlni
a The / interesting / talk / was
b road / car / the / The / drove / up c flowers / beautiful / The / were
d I / window / by / the / sat
e ate / She / cake / the
Write the if necessary.
a I love___hamburgers. g
b Can you turn off the. television, please? h c He doesn’t drink____wine. \
d What do you usually have for___breakfast? j e ____breakfast in our hotel is fantastic. k
f I like taking____photos. I
____photos of your wedding are really good. My favourite hobby is____shopping. I don’t like_____sport.
______weather in Yorkshire is wonderful. I am studying______history.
Write about yourself.
I come from (a )_____________in (b ) _____________ but now I live in ( c )_____________ .
My address is (d )_____________in (e )___________ . My nearest station is ® ______________
My nearest airport is (g )____________ . I study (h )__________at (T)____________ . I work as a
0 __________in ( k ) ___________ . I would like to visit ® _____________ .
Now work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about your answers to Exercise 4.
For example:
A: What city do you come from?
B: I come from Krackow in Poland.
Work with a classmate. You should each choose one general subject from A and talk about it for 30 seconds. Then talk about a special subject from B.
A B
shopping the weather at the moment
football the latest news
smoking the places to go in town
work the local trains and buses
15
this
/
that
/
these
/ C h o s e
dem onstratives
& Database \2
Jasmeena is showing Ling some family
photographs. Look at the green words.
Ling: Jasmeena:
Who's this?
This is my mother and these are my two sisters.
And what about th at old photo over there? Who's that?
Jasmeena: Oh, those two people are my grandparents, and th a t young girl is my mother/
\ i /
-Cj5-
When do we use this
/
that
/
these
/
thoseP
m (p a g e 9 3 )
□
Complete the sentences using this, that, these or those.1 For things and people near to us, we use for one thing or person and______ for two or more things or people.
2 For things and people not very near to us, we use _ for one thing or person and_________ for two or more things or people.
Please give me(thaty those plate.
a Can you move this / these chair for me, please?
b Whose are that/those glasses?
c Do you like this / these jeans?
d What’s the name of this / these vegetable?
e This / These is my friend Ibrahim. f A: Hello, who’s that/ those?
13: This / These is Petra here. May I speak to Jan?
g I’d like one of that/those cakes, please.
h This / These fish isn’t fresh.
i I like this / that car over there on the other side of the road.
Surinder works with old people in a care home. Write the correct word: this / that / these / those. Circle the correct option.
Can you help me with ±W\$ coat? a Are___________your glasses?
b Can you get me stick? c Would you like some of_ soup?
