MS830

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MALAYSIAN

STANDARD

STAGE : PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20) DATE : 01/06/2012 – 31/07/2012

Code of practice for the storage, handling and

transportation of liquefied petroleum gases

(Third revision)

ICS: 75.200

Descriptors: liquefied petroleum gas, storage, handling, transportation, piping systems, dispensing stations

© Copyright 2010

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

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For Public Comment

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CONTENTS (continued)

Page

5.6 Accessibility to fittings ... 45

5.7 Signs and notices... 45

5.8 Illumination... 46

5.9 Conveyance... 46

SECTION 6: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND/MOUNDED STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST-STAGE REGULATOR... 47

6.2 Special requirements for underground/mounded containers ... 47

6.3 Container location and safety distances... 48

6.4 Installation... 53 SECTION 7: TRANSPORTATION OF LPG ... 56 7.1 Application ... 56 7.2 Vehicle design... 56 7.3 Accessories ... 56 7.4 Transportation of cylinders ... 57

7.5 Transportation in road tankers... 58

7.6 Parking ... 60

SECTION 8: TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS... 62

8.2 Operational safety ... 62

8.3 Venting LPG to the atmosphere ... 65

8.4 Pumps and compressors... 65

SECTION 9: FILLING CAPACITIES OF LPG CONTAINERS AND CYLINDERS... 66

9.2 LPG capacity of containers... 66

9.3 Compliance with maximum permitted filling ratio requirements ... 66

SECTION 10: CYLINDER FILLING ... 69

10.2 Cylinder filling locations and platforms... 69

10.3 Cylinder filling... 70

10.4 Handling and storage of cylinders... 72

10.5 Decanting ... 73

10.6 Cleanliness ... 75

For Public Comment

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CONTENTS (continued)

Page

SECTION 11: STORAGE OF CYLINDERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE ... 76

11.2 General requirements... 76

11.3 Storage within buildings ... 76

11.4 Storage outside of buildings ... 78

SECTION 12: CYLINDERS IN USE... 80

12.2 Cylinders in use, outdoor installations... 80

12.3 Cylinders in use, indoor installations... 84

SECTION 13: AUTOMOTIVE LPG DISPENSING STATION... 85

13.2 Storage containers ... 85

13.3 Piping ... 85

13.4 Dispensing point ... 85

13.5 Transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container ... 87

13.7 Procedure for dispensing of LPG into fuel containers of vehicles ... 87

SECTION 14: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROSTATIC HAZARD PRECAUTIONS ... 89

14.2 Classification of hazardous areas ... 89

14.3 Extent of classified areas... 89

14.4 Electrical equipment... 89

SECTION 15: FIRE PROTECTION ... 94

15.2 General... 94

15.3 Container storages and installations ... 97

15.4 Cylinder storages and installations ... 97

15.5 Gas leakage and detection... 98

15.6 Deflection wall... 98

SECTION 16: DESIGN AND USE OF MOBILE GAS-FIRED EQUIPMENT ... 100

16.1 General... 100

16.2 Position of LPG vessels on vehicles ... 100

16.3 Protection ... 101

16.4 Pipe work valves and fittings ... 101

For Public Comment

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CONTENTS (continued)

Page

16.5 Refuelling procedures ... 101

16.6 Maintenance ... 104

Table 1 Design pressures ... 11

Table 2 Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl ... 15

Table 3 Safety distances for direct-fired vaporisers ... 30

Table 4 Relief valve start-to-discharge setting for regulator ... 31

Table 5 Minimum separation between an LPG container and a storage of gas other than LPG ... 33

Table 6 Distance to any opening enclosed underground drain... 43

Table 7 Inspection of aboveground containers ... 45

Table 8 Maximum permitted filing ratio for LPG containers and cylinders... 67

Table 9 Maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to 8 kl water capacity ... 68

Table 10 Location of storage outside of building... 78

Table 11 Cylinder location and safety distances (see also Figure 10) ... 80

Table 12 Safety distance for special case ... 83

Table 13 Electrical equipment classified areas ... 92

Table 14 Fire Protection... 99

Table B1 Approximate properties of LPG ... 109

Table D1 Rate of discharge for discharge for safety relief valves on containers... 112

Table K1 Liquid volume correction factors ... 124

Table K2 Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers... 125

Table K3 Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers... 126

Table K4 Maximum filling percentage for underground/mounded containers... 127

Table L1 LPG cylinder damage limits... 134

For Public Comment

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CONTENTS (continued)

Page

Figure 1 Location of aboveground containers in refineries and bulk plants... 35

Figure 2 Location of aboveground containers for bulk storage at consumers’ premises .... 36

Figure 3 Installation of containers up to 0.5 kl... 37

Figure 4 Location of aboveground containers in automotive LPG dispensing stations ... 38

Figure 5 Location of underground/mounded containers for bulk storage at consumers’ premises ... 50

Figure 6 Location of underground/mounded containers for automotive LPG dispensing stations ... 51

Figure 7 Location of underground/mounded containers in refineries and bulk plants ... 52

Figure 8 Safety distances for cylinder filling and cylinder storage... 71

Figure 9 Check for gas leakage in cylinder ... 72

Figure 10 Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders ... 81

Figure 11 Extent of classified area (see Table 12) ... 91

Figure F1 Location of deflection walls... 114

Figure L1 Suggested method of measuring isolated pitting... 132

Figure L2 Suggested method of measuring general corrosion ... 133

Figure L3 Visual inspection report from ... 129

Figure N1 Protective bollard poles for dispenser ... 140

Annex A Normative references ... 105

Annex B Properties of LPG... 108

Annex C Pressure testing of pipe work at LPG installations ... 110

Annex D Rate of discharge for safety relief valves on containers... 111

Annex E Rate of discharge for safety relief valves for LPG vaporisers ... 113

Annex F Deflection walls ... 114

For Public Comment

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CONTENTS (concluded)

Page

Annex G Emergency procedure guide... 115

Annex H Emergency procedure guide... 118

Annex J Container filling procedures... 121

Annex K Method of calculating maximum permitted liquid volume which can be placed in a container at any liquid temperature... 123

Annex L Procedures for visual inspection and requalification of cylinders ... 128

Annex M Fire safety signs... 137

Annex N Protective bollard poles ... 139

Annex P Refuelling procedures at automotive LPG dispensing stations ... 141

Annex Q LPG emergency procedures... 142

Annex R How to control LPG leaks and fires... 143

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Committee representation

The Petroleum and Gas Industry Standards Committee (ISC H) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Association of Malaysian Oil and Gas Engineering Consultants Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia

Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (Malaysian Industrial Gases Manufacturers Group) Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia

Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia Malaysian Gas Association

Malaysian Palm Oil Board

Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association

Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operative and Consumerism Ministry of International Trade and Industry

Petroliam Nasional Berhad

Petron Oil and Gas International Sdn Bhd Shell Trading Malaysia Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Suruhanjaya Tenaga

The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

The Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Related Products which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Boustead Petroleum Marketing Sdn Bhd

Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia

Gas Malaysia Berhad

Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia

Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia

Langsutra Sdn Bhd

Majugas Sdn Bhd

Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operative and Consumerism

PETRONAS Dagangan Berhad

Petron Oil and Gas International Sdn Bhd

Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd

SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)

Suruhanjaya Tenaga

Univerisiti Malaysia Pahang

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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FOREWORD

This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Related Products under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Petroleum and Gas.

This Malaysian Standard is the third revision of MS 830, Code of practice for the storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases.

Major modifications in this revision are as follows:

a) the definition on “zone 1”, “zone 2” and “zone 3” had been rephrased in inline with latest MS IEC 60079-10-1;

b) the requirements for the “qualification of personnel” had been clearly specified; c) Sections 2 and 3 had been rearranged in accordance to its application;

d) new table 2 on “Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl had been incorporated;

e) containers up to 0.5 kl water not more than four containers shall be permitted to be installed in a group with zero distances and maximum of two groups of containers are allowed for such purposes;

f) the diagram for “installation of containers up to 0.5 kl” had been incorporated as Figure 3; g) the requirements of fire extinguisher to be installed in the vehicle used for transport LPG

had been specified in Subclause 7.3.6;

h) the water capacity for the installation of cylinders had been changed from “not exceeding 125 L individual water capacity” to “not exceeding 150 L individual water capacity” which connected for use in commercial, industrial, residential, educational and institutional premises.;

i) the maximum of four numbers of manifolds permitted with zero distance to a building had been incorporated in 12.2.1 b);

j) the requirements for drain had been incorporated as in 12.2.1 e); and

k) the diagram for “illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders’ had been incorporated as Figure 10.

This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 830:2003.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

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Code of practice for the storage, handling and transportation of liquefied

petroleum gases (LPG)

(Third revision)

SECTION 1: SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 Scope

This Malaysian standard specifies requirements for the location, design, construction, commissioning and operation of installations for the storage and handling of LPG.

1.1.1 This standard shall not apply to the following:

a) Refrigerated storage of LPG or refrigeration systems.

b) Plant or equipment in which LPG is processed or produced, or vessels which form an integral part of that processing equipment (but do include post manufacturing storage). c) Industrial gas-consuming equipment (see MS 930).

d) Installation of consumer piping or appliances (see MS 930).

e) Marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants or petrochemical plants (excluding refineries).

1.1.2 LPG stored or used in systems within the scope of this standard shall not contain of

transportation ammonia. When such a possibility exists (such as may result from the dual use or storage equipment) the LPG shall be tested in accordance with B2.1.

1.2 Normative references (see Annex A).

1.3 General properties of LPG

1.3.1 LPG, as defined in this standard (see 1.5.33), are gases at normal room temperature

and atmospheric pressure. They liquefy under moderate pressure, readily vaporising upon release of this pressure. It is this property which permits transporting and storing them in concentrated liquid form, while normally using them in vapour form.

The potential fire hazard of LPG vapour is comparable to that of natural or manufactured gas, except that LPG vapours are heavier than air. The ranges of flammability are considerably narrower and lower than those of natural or manufactured gas. For example, the lower flammable limits of the more commonly used LPG are:

Propane: 2.15 % and butane: 1.55 %. These figures represent volumetric percentages of gas in gas-air mixture.

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1.3.2 The boiling point of pure normal butane is -0.56 C, of pure propane -42.2 C.Both products are liquids at atmospheric pressure at temperatures lower than their boiling points. Vaporisation is rapid at temperatures above the boiling point, thus liquid propane normally does not present a flammable liquid hazard, for additional information of these and other properties of the principle LPG see Annex B.

1.4 LPG odorisation

1.4.1 LPG to be odorised

LPG shall be odorised by the addition of a warning agent of such character that it is detectable by a distinct odour, down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth of the lower limit of flammability (see note) (see 1.3.1 and Annex B for flammable limits of the LPG). NOTE. It is recognised that no odorant will be completely effective as a warning agent in every circumstance. It is recommended that odorants be qualified to comply with 1.4.1 by test or experience. Experience has shown that ethyl mercaptan in the ratio of 1.2 kg per 100 kl of liquid LPG has been recognised as an effective odorant.

1.4.2 Omission of odorisation

a) When specially permitted by the relevant authority, odorisation may be omitted if harmful in the use or further processing of the LPG, or if odorisation will serve no useful purpose as a warning agent in such further use or processing. When so permitted, a large notice shall be prominently displayed on the container indicating that unodorised LPG is being stored or carried;

b) Unodorised LPG installations shall be equipped with an emergency shutdown system which will automatically stop the flow of gas if a gas detector senses the presence of a concentration of gas in air of more than 25 % of the lower explosive limit (LEL). Where more than one gas is stored the detector shall be set for that gas with the lowest LEL; c) Gas detectors shall be installed:

i) around the installation;

ii) at the loading point if direct fill is not being used; and iii) at the point of usage of the unodorised gas.

d) Gas detectors shall:

i) shut off the flow of gas as in b); and

ii) initiate an audible alarm of at least 105 decibels, and a visible alarm.

1.5 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

1.5.1 aboveground storage container

A storage container, no part of which is below ground level, and which is not covered by earth, sand or other similar material.

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1.5.2 approved

Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. In determining the acceptability of installations or procedures, equipment or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with appropriate standards. In the absence of such standard, said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labelling practices of nationally recognised testing laboratories, inspection, agencies, or other organisations concerned with product evaluations which are in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items and the satisfactory performance of such equipment or materials in actual usage.

1.5.3 authority

The organisation, office or individual responsible for 'approving' equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

1.5.4 authorised person

A person specifically appointed by a LPG marketer to perform the duties of that position.

1.5.5 automotive LPG dispensing station

A facility open to the public which consists of LPG storage containers, piping and pertinent equipment, including pumps and dispensing devices, and any buildings, and in which LPG is stored and dispensed into permanently mounted fuel containers of vehicles.

1.5.6 basement

Any storey or storeys of a building which is or are at a level lower than the ground storey. In the context in which the term is used in this standard, where more than 50 % of the perimeter walls are open and of which one shall be the longest side, it shall not be classified as being a basement.

1.5.7 boundary (or site boundary or property boundary)

The boundary of the whole of the site under the same occupancy as that on which the installation is included.

1.5.8 bulk plant

See 1.5.17.

1.5.9 cargo tank

A container permanently mounted on a tank vehicle chassis for the purpose of carrying liquids.

1.5.10 charging

See 1.5.19.

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1.5.11 container

A pressure vessel for containing LPG, covering both vessels for bulk storage and transport and smaller vessels such as portable containers for the transporting or storing of the LPG. See also static storage container, portable container, portable storage container, cylinder, cargo tank and skid tank.

1.5.12 container appurtenances

Items connected to container openings needed to make a container a gas-tight entity. These include, but are not limited to safety relief valves, excess flow valves, non-return valves, shut-off valves, internal valves, liquid level gauges and pressure gauges.

1.5.13 container assembly

An assembly consisting essentially of the container and fittings for all container openings, these include safety relief valves, excess flow valves, shut off valves, liquid level gauges and protective housings.

1.5.14 cylinder

A portable container not exceeding 0.15 kl water capacity and used for the storage and transfer of LPG.

1.5.15 direct gas-fired container heater

A gas-fired device which applies hot gas from the heater combustion chamber directly to a portion of a container surface in contact with LPG liquid.

1.5.16 dispenser (or dispensing device)

A device normally used to transfer and measure LPG for engine fuel into a fuel container, serving the same purpose for an automotive LPG dispensing station as that served by a gasoline dispenser in a gasoline service station.

1.5.17 distributing plant

A facility, the primary purpose of which is the distribution of gas and which receives LPG in tanker lots, distributing this gas to the end user by portable container (package) delivery, by road or rail tanker, or through gas piping. Such plants have bulk storage and usually have container filling and tanker loading facilities on the premises. So called 'bulk plants' are considered as being in this category. Normally no persons other than the plant management or plant employees have access to these facilities.

1.5.18 excess-flow valve (or excess-flow check valve)

A valve designed to close when the liquid or vapour passing through it exceeds a prescribed flow rate as determined by pressure drop.

1.5.19 fill, filling

Transferring liquid LPG into a container.

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1.5.20 filling by mass

Filling a container by weighing the LPG in the container. No temperatures determination or correction is required as a unit of mass is a constant quantity regardless of temperature.

1.5.21 filling by volume

Filling a container by determination of the volume of LPG in the container. Unless a container is filled by a fixed maximum liquid level gauge, correction of the volume for liquid temperature is necessary.

1.5.22 filling ratio

The ratio between the greatest quantity of LPG permitted in a container and the quantity of water at 15 °C, which would completely fill the container. The filling ratio may be either: a) mass filling ratio: The LPG water mass ratio; it varies with the LPG composition but not

its temperature; or

b) volumetric filling ratio: The LPG/water volume ratio; it varies with both LPG composition and temperature.

1.5.23 fixed liquid level gauge

A type of liquid level gauge using a relatively small positive shut off valve and designed to indicate when the liquid level in a container being filled reaches the point at which this gauge or its connecting tube communicates with the interior of the container.

1.5.24 fixed maximum liquid levee gauge

A fixed liquid level gauge which indicates the liquid level at which the container is filled to its maximum permitted filling ratio.

1.5.25 flammable and combustible liquids

Liquids as defined in MS 761.

1.5.26 flexible connector

A short (not exceeding 1 m overall length) component of a piping system fabricated of flexible material (such as hose) and equipped with suitable connections on both ends. LPG resistant rubber and fabric (or metal), or combination of them, or flexible metal may be used. Flexible connectors are used where there is the need for, or the possibility of, greater relative movement between the points connected than is acceptable for rigid pipe.

1.5.27 float gauge

A gauge constructed with a float inside the container resting on the liquid surface which transmits its position through suitable leverage to a pointer and dial outside the container indicating the liquid level. Normally the motion is transmitted magnetically through a non-magnetic plate so that no LPG is released to the atmosphere, also called non-magnetic gauge.

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1.5.28 gas-free

A container or area is considered to be ‘gas free’ when the concentration of flammable and/or toxic gases in it is within safe prescribed limits for persons to enter.

1.5.29 ground storey (or ground floor)

The lowest storey of a building to which there is an entrance from the outside or above the level of the ground at the front of the building.

1.5.30 ignition source

See 1.5.54.

1.5.31 industrial plant

An industrial facility, which utilises LPG incident to plant operations, with bulk storages of LPG and which receives LPG in tanker lots. Normally LPG is used through piping systems in the plant, but may also be used to fill small containers, such as for engine fuel on industrial (i.e. forklift) trucks. Only plant employees have access to these filling facilities.

1.5.32 internal valve

A primary shut off valve for containers which has adequate means of actuation and which is constructed in such a manner that its seat is inside the container and that damage to parts exterior to the container or mating flange will not prevent effective seating of the valve.

1.5.33 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Any fluid having a vapour pressure not exceeding that allowed for commercial propane composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves or as mixture: propane, propylene, butane (normal butane or iso-butane) and butylenes (including isomers).

1.5.34 load, loading

See 1.5.19.

1.5.35 LPG marketer

A company which receives LPG in bulk for distribution to the general public or to agents, who in turn sell the LPG to the general public.

1.5.36 LPG system

An assembly consisting of one or more containers with a means for conveying LPG from the container(s) to dispensing or consuming devices (either continuously or intermittently) and which incorporates components intended to achieve control of quantity, flow, pressure, or state (either liquid or vapour).

1.5.37 magnetic gauge

See 1.5.27.

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1.5.38 mounded storage container

A storage container, above or partly in the ground, completely covered on all sides by back-filling materials to prescribed requirements.

1.5.39 non-return valve (or check valve)

A valve which permits flow in one direction only.

1.5.40 permanent Installation

See 1.5.57.

1.5.41 piping, piping systems

Pipe, tubing, hose and flexible rubber or metallic hose connectors made up with valves and fittings into, complete systems for conveying LPG in either the liquid or vapour state at various pressures from one point to another.

1.5.42 portable container

A container designed to be readily moved, as distinguished from containers designed for stationary installations. Portable containers designed for transportation filled to their maximum filling ratio include ‘cylinders', 'cargo tanks' and 'skid tanks', all three of which are separately defined. Such containers have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that they can be safely transported in the filled or partly filled condition. Containers designed to be readily moved from one usage location to another, but substantially empty of product are 'portable storage container' and are separately defined.

1.5.43 portable storage container

A container similar to, but distinct from those designed and constructed for stationary installation, designed so that it can be readily moved over the highways, substantially empty of liquid, from one usage location to another. Such containers either have legs or other supports attached, or are mounted on running gear (such as trailer or semi-trailer chassis) with suitable supports, which may be of the fold-down type, permitting them to be placed or parked in a stable position on a reasonably firm and level surface. For large volume, limited duration product usage (such as at construction sites and normally for 12 months or less) portable storage containers function in permanently installed stationary containers.

1.5.44 quick-closing internal valve

An internal valve designed to be closed both automatically by the operation of one or more sensing devices (which may be fusible links) and manually from a remote position, by the release of the means of holding the valve open.

1.5.45 quick connectors

Devices used for quick connection of the Acme thread or lever cam types. This does not include devices used for cylinder-filling connections.

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1.5.46 rail tanker

A unit consisting of a railway vehicle with a container permanently attached to it, or forming an integral part of the vehicle.

1.5.47 regulator

A device which automatically regulates the outlet pressure of gas passing through it to a predetermined limit.

1.5.48 road tanker

A road tank vehicle designed for the transportation of LPG, the container being either chassis mounted or of semi-trailer construction.

1.5.49 rotary gauge

A variable liquid level gauge consisting of a small positive shut-off valve located at the outer end of a tube, the bent inner end of which communicates with the container interior. The tube is installed in a fitting designed so that the tube can be rotated with a pointer on the outside to indicate the relative position of the bent inlet end. The length of the tube and the configuration to which it is bent is suitable for the range of liquid levels to be gauged. By a suitable outside scale, the level in the container at which the inner end begins to receive liquid can be determined by the pointer position on the scale at which a liquid-vapour mixture is observed to be discharged from the valve.

1.5.50 safety relief valve

An automatic pressure-relieving device actuated by the pressure upstream of the valve and characterised by full opening pop action.

1.5.51 shut off valve

A manually operated stop valve.

1.5.52 skid tank

A container of more than 0.5 kl water capacity used to transport LPG handled as a ‘package’, that is, filled to its maximum permitted filling ratio. Such containers are mounted on skids or runners and have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that they can be safely handled as a ‘package’. Such containers might be used on an exchange fill basis, or might be left on-site for refilling from tankers.

1.5.53 slip tube gauge

A variable liquid level gauge, in which a relatively small positive shut off valve is located at the outside end of a straight tube, normally installed vertically and communicates with the container interior. The installation fitting for the tube is designed so that the tube can be slipped in and out of the container and the liquid level at the inner end determined by observing when the shut off valve vents a liquid vapour mixture.

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1.5.54 sources of ignition

Devices or equipment which, because of their modes of use or operation, are capable of providing sufficient thermal energy to ignite flammable LPG vapour-air mixture when introduced into such a mixture or when such a mixture comes into contact with them, and which will permit propagation of flame away from them. They include but are not limited to naked flames, exposed incandescent material, electrical welding arcs and electrical or mechanical equipment not approved for use in hazardous locations.

NOTE. In the context in which the term is used in this standard. A motor vehicle will not be treated as being an ignition source.

1.5.55 special protection

A means of limiting the temperature of a LPG container for purpose of minimising the possibility of failure of the container as the result of fire exposure. When required in this standard, special protection consists of any of the following: applied insulating coatings, mounding, burial, water spray fixed systems or fixed monitor nozzles, meeting the criteria specified in this standard, or by any means approved for this purpose.

1.5.56 static storage container

A container intended to remain permanently in place once installed.

1.5.57 stationary installation

An installation of LPG containers, piping and equipment for use indefinitely at a particular location; an installation not normally expected to change in status, condition or place, also called permanent installation.

1.5.58 underground storage container

A storage container, no part of which, except for the fittings attached to the container, is above ground level, and the excavation for which is back filled, after installation of the container, with back filling materials to prescribed requirements.

1.5.59 vaporiser

A device for converting liquid LPG to vapour.

1.5.60 vaporiser, atmospheric

A vaporiser in which heat from the surrounding air of the ground is transferred through the surface of the container.

1.5.61 vaporiser, direct-fired

A vaporiser in which heat furnished by a flame is directly applied to some form of heat exchange surface in contact with the liquid LPG to be vaporised.

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1.5.62 vaporiser, indirect-fired

A vaporiser in which heat furnished by steam, hot water or other heating medium is applied to a vaporising chamber or to tubing pipe, coils or other heat exchange surface containing the liquid LPG to be vaporised; the heating of the medium used being at a point remote from the vaporiser, also called vaporiser, indirect.

1.5.63 variable liquid level gauge

A device to indicate the liquid level in a container throughout a range of levels. See float, rotary and slip tube gauge.

1.5.64 volumetric filling

See 1.5.21.

1.5.65 water capacity

The amount of water, in either kilograms or litres at 15 C required to fill a container full of water.

1.5.66 Zone 0

An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently.

1.5.67 Zone 1

An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.

1.5.68 Zone 2

Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.

NOTE Indications of the frequency of the occurrence and duration may be taken from codes relating to specific industries or applications.

1.6 Qualification of personnel

Persons who transfer liquid LPG, who are employed to transport LPG, whose primary duties fall within the scope of this code shall be trained in proper handling procedures. Refresher training shall be provided every two years. The training records shall be documented.

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SECTION 2: CONTAINER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

2.1 Application

This section includes design, fabrication and marking requirements for containers, and features normally associated with container fabrication, such as container openings, appurtenances required for these openings to make the containers gas-tight entities and physical damage protecting devices.

2.2 Design code

2.2.1 Containers up to 0.15 kl water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and tested in

accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT or other codes approved by the relevant authority. Such containers are commonly called LPG cylinders.

2.2.2 Containers exceeding 0.15 kl water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and tested

in accordance with the ASME Code or other codes approved by the relevant authority.

2.3 Design pressure

2.3.1 For aboveground containers up to 0.15 kl water capacity the design pressure shall be

in accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT or other codes approved by the relevant authority.

2.3.2 For aboveground containers exceeding 0.15 kl water capacity the minimum design

pressure shall be in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1. Design pressures For gases with vapour pressure in kPa

(gauge) at 37.8 °C not to exceed

Minimum design pressure kPa (gauge) 550 690 860 1 030 1 200 1 480 690 860 1 080 1 290 1 510 1 750

2.3.3 For underground and mounded containers the minimum design pressure shall be

1 750 kPa (gauge).

2.4 Marking of containers

2.4.1 Cylinders shall be marked in accordance with MS ISO 22991 or DOT.

2.4.2 Container exceeding 0.15 kl shall be conspicuously and permanently marked with the

following information:

a) manufacturer's name or trade-mark, serial number and year of manufacture;

For Public Comment

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b) pressure vessel code to which it is made; c) the water capacity in litres (L) or kilolitres (kl); d) outside surface area in square meter (m2); e) class of vessel (e.g. Class 1);

f) design pressure in kilopascals (kPa); g) date of initial hydrostatic test;

h) date of hydrostatic retest;

i) the maximum safe working pressure in kilopascal (kPa);

j) the tare mass in kilograms (kg) of container (for containers to be filled by mass); k) maximum permitted filling level in percent (%) (for containers to be filled by volume); l) the wording “This container shall not contain a product that has a vapour pressure in

excess of kPa at 36.7 °C”; and k) official stamp of the inspecting authority.

2.4.3 The appropriate class label in accordance with MS 1513: Part 5: Sub-part 2 or the

other relevant authority having jurisdiction shall also be marked on aboveground containers or displayed on a notice in the vicinity of underground/mounded containers.

2.5 Container openings

2.5.1 Containers shall be equipped with openings suitable for the service for which the

container is to be used. Such openings may be either in the container shell, heads or in the manhole cover.

2.5.2 Containers of more than 110 L water capacity, designed to be filled volumetrically

shall be equipped for filling into either the vapour space or liquid phase with a vapour return line. This requirement shall apply to installations at consumers’ premises and other locations except refineries and bulk plants.

2.5.3 Containers with water capacity of 8 kl or less shall not have more than two plugged

openings.

2.5.4 Connections for safety relief valves shall be installed and located in such a way as to

have direct communication with the vapour space, whether the container is in storage or in use.

a) If located in a well inside the container with piping to the vapour space, the design of the well and piping shall permit sufficient safety relief valve discharge capacity.

b) If located in a protecting enclosure, the enclosure shall be designed to protect against corrosion and allow inspection.

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2.5.5 Containers to be filled on a volumetric basis shall be fabricated so that they can be equipped with a fixed liquid level gauge(s) capable of indicating the maximum permitted filling level(s) computed in accordance with the procedures in Annex K.

2.6 Protection for container openings

2.6.1 Opening requiring protection

An opening through a container exceeding 0.15 kl to either liquid or vapour space shall be provided with protective valves in accordance with 2.6.2 except the following openings: a) An opening to which safety relief valves are fitted.

b) An opening not greater than 1.4 mm diameter or one provided with an internal flow limiting orifice of 1.4 mm diameter, as for a pressure gauge or liquid level gauge. c) A plug, blind flange or plugged companion flange.

d) A filling connection mounted directly on a container of not more than 8 kl capacity, provided that the opening is fitted with a double non-return valve.

e) An opening for which all the following conditions apply: i) the capacity of the container does not exceed 8 kl;

ii) the discharge from a withdrawal connection is controlled by a manually operated shut off valve which is attached directly into the withdrawal connection, or is an integral part of a substantial fitting attached to the withdrawal connection, or is attached directly into a substantial fitting attached to the withdrawal connection; iii) the shut off valve is equipped with an attached hand wheel or the equivalent; iv) the controlling orifice between the vapour space in the container and the outlet of

the shut off valve does not exceed 8 mm diameter; and

v) a regulator is attached to the outlet of the shut-off valve, either directly or by means of a flexible connector provided that the regulator is not more than 0.5 m from the container and is supported and protected on or at the container.

f) an actuated liquid withdrawal excess-flow valve normally closed and plugged with provision to allow external actuation.

2.6.2 Types of protection

The arrangement of protective valves required by 2.6.1 shall be one of the following: a) An internal excess-flow valve and an external manual shut-off valve.

b) An internal valve with excess-flow protection (see note).

NOTE. An internal valve is incorporated with excess-flow valve gives more positive protection in a container. c) An internal non-return valve and an external manual shut-off valve.

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d) An external emergency shut off valve directly attached to the vessel or the vessel outlet nozzle, plus a manual shut off valve, provided that this option may be used only where: i) the LPG installation, or the LPG portion of a composite installation, is

continuously manned by persons able to operate the shut off valves during that period when the tank is in service, i.e. when the valves are open;

ii) the tank is not smaller than 200 m3 capacity; and iii) the size of the attached pipe is not less than 100 mm.

The above protective valves shall comply with the requirements in ANSI/UL 125. Shutoff valves shall be located as close to the container as practical.

Shutoff valves shall be readily accessible for the operation and maintenance under normal and emergency condition.

Shutoff valves either shall be located in a readily accessible position less than 1.8 m above ground level, or shall have extension handles, stairs, ladders, or platforms for access, or shall be equipped for remote operation.

The connection or line that leads to or from any individual opening shall have a flow capacity greater than the rated flow of the excess-flow valve protecting the opening.

2.7 Container valves andappurtenances

Container appurtenances shall be fabricated of materials that are compatible with LPG and shall be resistant to the action of LPG under service condition. The following materials shall not be used:

a) Gray cast iron.

b) Non-metallic materials, for bonnets or bodies of valves.

Pressure containing metal parts of appurtenances shall have a minimum melting point of 816 C, except for the following:

a) Fusible elements.

b) Approve or listed variable liquid level gauges used in containers. Container appurtenances shall have a service pressure of at list 1 750 kPa.

Valves, regulators, gauges and other container appurtenances shall be protected from physical damage.

Container above 0.15 kl shall be fitted with valves and appurtenances in accordance with Table 2.

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Table 2. Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl

Part Valves and

appurtenances

Container exceeded

0.15 kl water capacity Requirements

A Vapour inleta R Option A or B or C

B Vapour outleta R Option B or C

C Liquid inleta R Option A or B or C Option D or E (> 15.1 kl water capacity) D Liquid outleta R Option B or C Option E (> 15.1 kl water capacity)

E Pressure relief valve R

F Fixed maximum liquid

level gauge R

G Drain connection R

(> 0.5 kl water capacity) Option B or C or F

H Liquid level gauge R

I Double backflow check filler valve

R

(for filling connection mounted directly on container) J Pressure gauge R (> 2 kl water capacity) K Temperature gauge R (> 15.1 kl water capacity) a Where installed. R: Required.

Option A: Manual shutoff valve installed as close as practical to a non-return valve installed in the container.

Option B: Manual shutoff valve installed as close as practical to an excess-flow valve installed in the container.

Option C: Internal valve with excess flow protection installed in the container.

Option D: Manual shutoff valve install as close as practical to a non-return valve designed for the intended application and installed in the container.

Option E: Internal valve with excess flow protection installed in the container equipped for remote closure and automatic shutoff using thermal (fire) activation within 1.5 m.

Option F: Actuated liquid withdrawal Excess Flow Valve with a connection not smaller than ¾ inch NPT.

For Public Comment

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Gaskets shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to which they are subjected. Gaskets shall be made of metal having a melting point higher than 816 °C, or shall be confined within an assembly having a melting point higher than 816 °C. Aluminium 'O' rings and spiral wound metal gaskets are also acceptable. Where a flange is opened, the gasket shall be replaced.

Jointing compounds shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to which they are subjected.

2.7.1 Safety relief valves

Containers shall be equipped with one or more safety relief valves connected directly to the vapour space.

Every safety relief valve shall be in direct communication with the vapour space of the container at all times, except as provided in 2.7.1.5.

2.7.1.1 Design

Safety relief valves should preferably be of the spring-loaded type. Gravity loaded relief valves shall not be used. If pilot operated relief valves are used, the design of the valves should be such that the main valves will operate and protect the container in the event of any failure of the pilot system. Safety relief valves shall be so designed and constructed that the breakage of any part will not obstruct the free discharge of vapour under pressure, that they cannot be overloaded inadvertently, and that the possibility of tampering with their pressure setting will be minimised. Where the pressure setting or adjustment is external, the safety relief valve shall be provided with approved means of sealing the adjustment.

2.7.1.2 Set pressure

A safety relief valve shall be so set that it will start to discharge at container design pressure. Any additional safety relief valve fitted may be set to start-to-discharge at a pressure not exceeding 105 % of the design pressure provided that the aggregate valve capacity shall be sufficient to allow the discharge of the maximum quantity without a rise in pressure to more than 110 % of the design pressure.

2.7.1.3 Rate of discharge

The rate of discharge of safety relief valve for aboveground containers shall be in accordance with Annex D except that for refineries the rate of discharge for safety relief valves shall comply with API RP 520 and the testing of safety relief valves shall be in accordance with ISO 23251. For underground/mounded containers other than those located in refineries the rate of discharge of safety relief valves shall be not less than 30 % of the prescribed value in Annex D.

2.7.1.4 Testing

Safety relief valves shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority. Safety relief valves shall be retested at periods not exceeding five years.

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2.7.1.5 Valve between safety relief valve and container

Preferably each container should have more than one safety relief valve. To permit removal for testing and maintenance, shut off valves may be installed between each safety relief valve and the container, provided that shut off valves so used are normally fully open and are fitted with a mechanical device linking all such valves on one container in such a manner that any one shut off valve can be closed only when all other valves are fully open. The capacity and number of safety relief valves so used on each container shall provide full relief capacity when any one is inoperative. Alternatively, a proprietary multi-valve arrangement may be used. When a container has only one safety relief valve, a manual shut off valve shall not be installed.

2.7.1.6 Marking

Each container safety relief valve shall be plainly and permanently marked with the following information:

a) manufacturer's name or trade-mark; b) catalogue number;

c) pressure at which the valve is set to discharge (set pressure), in kilopascals; and d) actual rate of discharge of the valve in cubic metres per minute of air at 15 °C and

101.325 kPa (absolute).

The date of the last test shall be marked on a tag attached to the valve. 2.7.2 Safely relief valve discharge lines

2.7.2.1 General

All safety relief valve discharge outlets shall be so located as to provide protection against physical damage, and discharge pipes shall be fitted with loose rain caps. Return bends and restrictive pipe fittings shall not be used.

The discharge from the safety relief valve shall be vented away from the container upward and unobstructed to open air (except for light rain cap), in such a manner as will prevent impingement of escaping gas upon the container or other equipment. The vent pipe shall be not less than the nominal size of the safety relief valve discharge outlet.

Suitable provision shall be made either by a weep hole deflector or a drain so that any liquid or condensate that may accumulate inside the safety relief valve or its discharge pipe will not render the valve inoperative.

If a drainpipe is used, means shall be provided to protect the container, adjacent containers, piping or equipment against impingement of flame resulting from ignition of LPG escaping from the drain.

Any cover that is provided for the protection of the safely relief valve of a portable skid tank shall be designed to allow free discharge of gas from the valve so that a flame will burn clear of the tank and valve in the event of ignition. The cover shall be designed to prevent retention of moisture.

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2.7.2.2 Common discharge header

If desired, discharge lines from two or more safety relief valves on the same or on different units may be run to a common discharge header, provided that the flow capacity of the header is greater than the total flow capacity of the individual discharge lines and that the setting of all safety relief valves is nominally the same.

2.7.3 Liquid level gauging devices

Container designed to be filled on a volumetric basis shall be equipped with a fixed maximum liquid level gauge to indicate the maximum filling level for the service.

Liquid level gauging devices shall be provided on all containers filled by volume. Variable gauges of the slip tube, rotary tube or float types shall be used to comply with this requirement.

2.7.4 Pressure gauges

2.7.4.1 Pressure gauges shall be attached directly to the vapour space for containers

exceeding 2 kl water capacity.

2.7.4.2 If the cross sectional area of the opening into the container in 2.7.4.1 is greater than of the 1.4 mm diameter, an excess-flow valve shall be provided for the container connection.

2.7.5 Drains in containers

2.7.5.1 A container of above 0.5 kl water capacity shall be provided with a drain connection

to permit drainage to atmosphere. Each drain connection shall be provided with a shut off valve. This shut off valve shall be provided with a length of piping terminating with a second shut off valve. The drain valve adjacent to the container connection shall be of a quick shut off type and the second valve shall be of a throttling type. The length of the piping between the two valves shall be such that the risk of simultaneous obstruction of both valves, e.g. by the freezing of any accumulated water, is minimised.

A sufficient length of piping shall be provided downstream of the second valve to ensure that the discharge will not take place beneath the container. The second valve and the piping shall be adequately supported and secured to prevent mechanical damage or breakage by jet forces. Both valves on the drain system shall have a means of actuation which cannot be readily removed or moved from the closed position except by intentional operation. No drain or blow off line shall discharge into or be in the proximity of any public drainage system or any other drainage system where this would be liable to create a hazard.

2.7.5.2 The additional pipe work and second valve required downstream of the drain

valve by 2.7.5.1 may be fitted at the time of drainage provided that the fixed drain valve is protected by an excess-flow valve fitted upstream or the container opening is fitted with an actuated liquid withdrawal excess-flow valve, normally close and plugged.

2.7.5.3 The outlet of the drain valve system shall be blank-flanged, orplugged.

2.7.5.4 Pipe work between the drain system valves and between any valve and a blank

flanged or plug, etc. shall be protected by hydrostatic safety relief valves (3.3.3).

For Public Comment

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2.7.6 Temperature gauge

A temperature gauge shall be fitted for the container greater than 15.1 kl water capacity, the sensing device shall be installed in a pocket that is located in the lower section of the container and is permanently attached to the container to prevent accidental removal of the pocket when removing the gauge.

2.7.7 Filling connection

2.7.7.1 Container mounted filling connection

A filling connection mounted directly on a container shall be provided with a doublenon-return valve.

2.7.7.2 Remote filling connection

A filling connection which is remote from the container shall comply with the following requirements:

a) An internal non-return valve or an internal excess-flow valve with external manual shutoff valve, or an internal valve with excess-flow protectionshall be provided at the container.

b) An external excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve shall be provided at the outer end of the rigid portion of the extension piping.

c) Any vapour return line incorporated in the system shall be provided with an excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve close to the filling connection.

d) A remote filling connection shall be anchored and designed so that the protective valves and piping to the container remain intact should the tanker be moved without disconnecting. Shear fittings and concrete anchorages or bulkheads may be used.

2.7.7.3 During the filling operation, a pressure increase may occur and consideration

should be given to either fitting internal spray pipes or the use of vapour balancing lines for pressure equalisation between the delivery tanker and the storage container.

2.7.8 Excess-flow valves

An excess-flow valve shall comply with the following requirements:

a) The flow rate for closure of an excess-flow valve should be below that likely to result from complete fracture of the line it is protecting but should, to prevent premature closing, be substantially above the normal service flow rate expected.

NOTE. If because of system complexity, a single excess-flow valve at the container is unable to protect against a downstream pipe failure, one or more additional valves may be installed downstream, but is not usual to install such protection beyond the first pump, compressor or regulator after the container outlet.

b) An excess-flow valve shall incorporate a bypass that has an opening not greater than 1 mm in diameter to allow equalisation of pressure, except where an excess-flow valve is integral with an internal quick-closing valve and a manual means for equalisation of pressure is incorporated. An excess-flow valve shall be marked with the manufacturer's identity, model identification and the closing flow rate.

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Where two or more containers are grouped with common liquid and vapour connections, the common liquid and vapour lines shall be fitted with excess-flow valves, unless the common line has a cross-sectional area equal to, or in excess of, the combined areas of the individual container lines, in which case the excess-flow valve in the container shall suffice.

Installation of excess-flow valves in liquid and vapour lines shall be made in such a manner that any undue strain beyond the excess-flow valve will not cause breakage between the container and such valve.

2.7.9 Internal valve

Internal valve shall be incorporated with the following features:

a) the seat and seat disc remain inside the container so that damage to the parts exterior to the container or mating flange does not prevent effective sealing of the valve;

b) designed for automatic shutoff when flow through the valve exceeds its maximum rated flow capacity (excess-flow valve); and

c) designed for the additional of means for remote closure and automatic shutoff using thermal (fire) activation.

2.8 Protection against physical damage to portable container appurtenances

2.8.1 Portable containers of 0.15 kl, water capacity or less shall incorporate protection

against physical damage to container appurtenances and immediate connections to these while in transit, storage and while being moved into position for use. The protection features required shall be in accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT or other codes approved by the relevant authority.

2.8.2 Portable containers of more than 0.15 kl water capacity, including skid tanks or for

use as cargo tanks shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container appurtenances by recessing, protective housing, or by location on the vehicle. Such protection shall comply with the provisions under which the containers are fabricated and shall be designed to withstand static loadings in any direction equal to twice the mass of the container and attachments when filled with LPG, using a safety factor of not less than 4, based on the ultimate strength of the material to be used.

For Public Comment

(30)

SECTION 3: PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS

3.1 Application

This section includes basic design requirements and material specifications for pipe, tubing, pipe and tubing fittings, valves (including hydrostatic relief valves), hose, hose connections and flexible connectors used to connect container appurtenances with the balance of the LPG system.

3.2 Piping

3.2.1 Design

All pipe work shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the pipe work and container and also to ensure that such pipe work does not cause stress to the container, container fittings or pipe work.

3.2.2 Welding and brazing

Welding and brazing shall comply with the requirements of the inspecting authority.

3.2.3 Flexible piping

Provision shall be made, in design or by provision of flexible piping, to compensate for stresses and vibration in the piping system. Flexible connectors, if used, shall comply with the relevant requirements of 3.2.7. Flexible piping shall be as short as possible and in any case shall not exceed 1 m in length.

3.2.4 Pipe

Pipe shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following or other equivalent specifications approved by the authority:

a) Steel pipe: ASTM A106 or MS 863. b) Copper pipe: EN 1057 or ASTM B 42.

c) Polyethylene pipe: ASTM D2513 or ISO 4437 or MS 1086 (series). Polyethylene pipes made to other standards shall include the ISO method of determination of long-term hydrostatic strength at 20 °C derived from 80 °C testing.

3.2.5 Tubing

Tubing shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following or other approved equivalent specifications:

a) Steel tubing: ASTM A539;

b) Copper tubing: EN 1057 or Type K or Type L of ASTM B 88 or ASTM B 280. c) Polyethylene tubing: ASTM D2513 or MS 1086 (series).

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3.2.6 Pipe and tubing fittings

Fittings shall be steel, copper or polyethylene and shall comply with 3.2.6.1, 3.2.6.2 and 3.2.6.3. Cast iron pipe fittings (elbows, tees, crosses, couplings, unions, flanges or plugs) shall not be used.

3.2.6.1 Pipe joints in steel or copper pipe may be screwed, welded or brazed.

a) Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 2 410 kPa (gauge).

b) Except as provided in 3.2.6.1 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG at operating pressure over 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge).

c) Fittings for use with vapour LPG at pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge).

d) Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 °C.

3.2.6.2 Tubing joints in steel or copper tubing shall be made with approved gas tubing

fittings and may be flared or brazed.

a) Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 2 410 kPa (gauge).

b) Except as provided in 3.2.6.2 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG at operating pressure over 860 kPa (gauge), shall be suitable for a working pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge).

c) Fittings for use with vapour LPG at pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge).

d) Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 °C.

3.2.6.3 Joints in polyethylene pipe and tubing shall be made by heat fusion in accordance

with the manufacturers' instructions. Polyethylene fittings shall conform to ASTM D2683 or ASTM D3261.

For the purpose of this standard, methods of heat fusion shall mean butt fusion, socket or electro fusion and methods other than these shall first be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

3.2.7 Hoses, hose connections, quick connectors and flexible connectors

3.2.7.1 Materials

Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors shall be fabricated of materials resistant to the action of LPG both as liquid and vapour. If wire braid is used for reinforcement it shall be of corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel. Where a hose is provided with an inbuilt earthing wire, this shall be of stainless steel.

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3.2.7.2 Hoses and quick connectors shall be approved by the relevant authority

3.2.7.3 Design and working pressures

Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors used for conveying LPG in liquid or vapour phase at pressures in excess of 35 kPa (gauge) shall comply with:

a) Hoses shall be designed for a minimum bursting pressure of 8 750 kPa (gauge) and shall be permanently and clearly marked 'LPG' not greater than 3 m intervals.

b) Hoses assemblies, after the application of connections, shall be capable of withstanding, without leakage, a test pressure of 2 410 kPa (gauge) for 10 min when tested hydrostatically.

3.2.7.4 Hose couplings

Any hose that requires to be connected and disconnected frequently during normal operation shall be provided with either a threaded Acme-form coupling or a POL coupling. Any other hose connection shall be permanent threaded or flanged connections. The following sizes of Acme thread are recommended:

a) For liquid: 3¼ in or 1¾ in; and b) For vapour: 2¼ in or 1¾ in.

3.2.7.5 Electrical continuity

The electrical resistance measured overall on each length of hose complete with end connections shall not exceed 0.75 /m.

3.2.7.6 Inspection and testing

After being brought into use, hoses shall be periodically inspected and tested as follows: a) visually inspected at intervals not exceeding one month for damage over the whole

length in use;

b) hydrostatically tested at intervals not exceeding one year at a pressure of 2 410 kPa (gauge) for 10 min, including the connections; and

c) tested for electrical continuity, the frequency of tests depending on the extent of use to which the hoses are put. A record of these tests shall be kept.

Hoses which fail inspection or testing under a), b) and c) shall be discarded.

3.2.8 Piping within buildings

LPG vapour at pressures exceeding 140 kPa (gauge) or LPG liquid shall not be piped into any building except that approval may be given by the authority having jurisdiction for the following situations.

c) Buildings used exclusively to house equipment for vaporisation pressure reduction, gas mixing, gas manufacturing or distribution.

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b) Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively to house internal combustion engines.

c) Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for industrial purposes. d) Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for research and experimental

laboratories.

e) Buildings, structures, or equipment under construction or repair.

NOTE. Separate areas in b), c) and d), means fire-isolated areas unless otherwise approved by the relevant authority.

3.2.9 Testing of piping installations

The testing of LPG piping installations shall be carried out by the installer in accordance with the relevant procedures detailed in Annex C.

The installer shall certify in writing that the complete installation so tested is proved free of leaks, before the installation is put into service.

3.3 Valves

3.3.1 Materials

Pressure containing metal parts of valves (except appliance valves), including excess-flow valves, non return valves, safety relief valves, and manual shut off valve used in piping systems, shall be of steel, ductile (nodular) iron, malleable iron or brass. Steel shall meet the requirements of ASTM A182. Ductile iron shall meet the requirements of ASTM A395 or equivalent. Malleable iron shall meet the requirement of ASTM A47 or equivalent. All materials used, including valve seat discs, packing, seals and diaphragms shall be resistant to the action of LPG under service conditions. Any valve external to the container shall be of ‘fire-safe’ type, i.e. one which incorporates secondary provisions to prevent leakage if the primary seat or seal has been damaged by heat.

3.3.2 Design

3.3.2.1 All valves shall be suitable for the appropriate working pressure, as follows:

a) valves used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for working pressure of at least 2 410 kPa (gauge);

b) except as provided in 3.3.2.1 a), valves to be used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG a pressure in excess of 860 kPa (gauge), but not to exceed 1 750 kPa (gauge), shall be suitable for working pressure of at least 1 750 kPa (gauge); and

c) valves (except appliance valves) to be used with vapour LPG at pressures not to exceed 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 860 kPa (gauge).