2018 - Volume 18 (Suppl. 1)

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ii

MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF

e-ISSN: 2590-3829

ISSN: 1675-0306 2018 – Volume 18 (Suppl. 1)

Official Publication of the

MALAYSIAN PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIANS’ ASSOCIATION

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iii

OfficialJournal ofMalaysian

Public Health Physicians’Association

MJPHM

EDITORIAL BOARD

Chief Editor

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Syed Mohamed Aljunid

International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia

Deputy Chief Editor

Prof. Dr. Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh

(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

Members:

Dato’ Prof. Dr Lokman Hakim Sulaiman Ministry of Health Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr Retneswari Masilamani UCSI University, Malaysia Assoc Prof. Dr. Mohamed Rusli Abdullah University Sains Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Saperi Sulong University Kebangsaan Malaysia Prof. Dr. Maznah Dahlui University Malaya

Dr. Roslan Johari Ministry of Health Malaysia Dr. Othman Warijo

Dr. Amin Sah bin Ahmad

Ministry of Health Malaysia Ministry of Health Malaysia Dr. Ghazali bin Chik Ministry of Health Malaysia Dr. Sabrina binti Che Abd Rahman Ministry of Health Malaysia

Dr. Mariam binti Mohamad Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Dr. Amrizal Muhd Nur National University of Malaysia

Chief Editor

Malaysian JournalofPublicHealthMedicine(MJPHM) International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding UniversitiKebangsaan MalaysiaMedicalCentre(UKMMC)

Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISSN:1675–0306

TheMalaysian JournalofPublic HealthMedicineispublishedtwiceayear

Copyright reserved @ 2001

Malaysian Public HealthPhysicians’ Association SecretariateAddress:

The Secretariate

International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding UniversitiKebangsaan MalaysiaMedicalCentre(UKMMC)

Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

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iv

OfficialJournal ofMalaysian

Public Health Physicians’Association

MJPHM

THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TROPICAL MEDICINE

AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES

15th – 17thAUGUST 2017

PREMIERA HOTEL, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

EDITORIAL BOARD

Members:

Prof. Dr. Osman Ali

Community Based Department, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Royal College of Medicine Perak

Masitah Ismail

Laboratory Based Department, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Royal College of Medicine Perak

Hikmah Mohamad Idi

Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kuala Lumpur

(4)

v

PLENARY

PL1-01

Microbes as Weapons of Mass Destruction –Potential Threats and

Preparedness

Byung-Il Yeh

Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea

(11)

2

SYMPOSIUM 1 - VACCINATION

SP1-01

Issues in Childhood Vaccination

Aminah Bee Mohd Kassim

Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia

(12)

3

SP1-02

Quality Control in Vaccines

B. Sekar

Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India

Vaccine, a biological product is derived from living organisms with a molecular composition too complex to be defined by physical or chemical means. The quality control in vaccine manufacturing always relied on three components: I. Control of the starting materials; II. Control of the production process; and III. Control of the final product; and these can be assured through implementation of the following principles:

i)Characterization of starting materials: The use of adequately characterized

homogeneous starting materials of defined origin and acceptable quality mainly relies heavily on testing and also on supplier audits to ensure that the relevant characteristics remain unaltered between lots.

ii)Validation of the production process: Validation is the establishment of

documented evidence that a system does what it is supposed to do. It involves the systematic study of systems, facilities and processes aimed at determining whether they perform their intended functions adequately and consistently, to provide a high degree of assurance that uniform batches of vaccine will be produced to meet the required specifications.

iii)Demonstration of consistency of production: A validated vaccine production

process will result in a consistent product. This means that the critical process parameters of the vaccine, usually measured by the in-process and final product specifications, are consistently met through validated analytical methods using standard testing procedures for different production runs, to ensure, that the vaccine concerned will be safe and effective when administered to the target population.

iv)Independent lot release: Independent lot release by a National Regulatory Authority provides a vital check on a manufacturer's performance in controlling a production process and the test methods. As a minimum, it is based on review of the summary lot protocols, which contain details of that particular lot. In addition, some selected laboratory testing can be carried out.

v)Post-marketing surveillance: Is an important tool for monitoring vaccine safety

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4

SYMPOSIUM 2 - ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE

SP2-01

Drug Resistant Bacteria in Health Care Setting and Community

Yuki Uehara

Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

(14)

5

SYMPOSIUM 3 - METHICILLIN RESISTANT

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

SP3-01

Emergence

of

Community-Associated

Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) in Indigenous Population with

Particular Reference to Australia

Asha Bowen

Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and University of Western Australian

Indigenous Australians suffer a disproportionate burden of Staphylococcus aureus

(15)

6

SP3-02

Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

in the Community in

Malaysia

Cheah Tong Soon

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh

In Malaysia previous studies on community-acquired methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are mainly based on isolates from patients in

hospitals. In the present investigation, a cross sectional study was conducted and nasal swabs were collected from the individuals who were present at the collecting centres. The following populations were involved in the study: indigenous peoples (234), individuals in the urban poor community (164), people in the suburban community (184) and children from welfare homes (95) in Perak. Written consents were obtained from the individuals before the collection of samples. Nasal swab samples were collected from both anterior nares of the volunteers. The nasal swabs were placed in a transport medium and stored in an ice chest and brought back to the laboratory for microbiological investigations. The isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus based on the morphology, detection of clumping factor and protein A using a rapid slide agglutination test (BactiStaph Remel, USA). The methicillin-resistant phenotype of staphylococci was identified with penicillin binding protein (PBP2‟) latex agglutination test (Oxoid, UK) according to the manufacturer‟s instructions. Extraction of S. aureus DNA was conducted with Plasmid DNA kit (Bio Basics, USA) and mecA was detected using PCR. Detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) gene was conducted on the

S. aureus isolates. Fifty-eight out of 234 (24.8%) nasal swabs from the indigenous

people were positive for S. aureus, while 36 out of 164 (22%) of the urban poor community had S. aureus. A total of 6 S. aureus isolates from the indigenous people and another 3 isolates from the urban poor community had mecA gene respectively. One isolate from urban poor community had PVL gene. Twenty-five out of 184 (13.6%) nasal swabs from of the suburban community were positive for

S. aureus, while 22 out of 95 (23.2%) children from the welfare homes had S.

aureus. Three S. aureus isolates from the welfare homes carried mecA gene and

(16)

7

SYMPOSIUM 4

SP4-01

Western Australia Mumps Outbreak Highly Vaccinated Aboriginal

People; Lesson Learned

Darren Westphal

Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Public Health Division, Department of Health, Western Australia

(17)

8

SYMPOSIUM 5

SP5-01

Diarrhoeal Diseases in Children

Rashidul Haque

Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh

(18)

9

SYMPOSIUM 6

SP6-01

Influenza Surveillance in Southern Vietnam

Nguyen Vu Thuong

Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

(19)

10

SYMPOSIUM 7 - ZIKA VIRUS: SOUTH ASIA‟S EXPERIENCE

SP7-01

Zika Virus- Vietnam‟s Experience

Luong Chan Quang

Department for Diseases Control and Prevention, Vietnam

(20)

11

SP7-02

Zika Virus- Indonesia‟s Experience

Elizabeth Jane Soepardi

Surveillance and Health Quarantine, Ministry of Health (MOH), Indonesia

(21)

12

SYMPOSIUM 8 - ZIKA VIRUS: SOUTHEAST ASIA‟S AND SOUTH

AMERICA‟S EXPERIENCE

SP8-01

Zika Virus- Malaysia‟s Experience

Rose Nani Mudin

Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia

In March 2015, Brazil notifies WHO of an illness characterized by skin rash in north-eastern states. WHO came out with Epidemiological Alert in May 2015, on the outbreaks of Zika fever in different regions of the world, demonstrate potential spread of this arbovirus across territories. Since then, Brazil has reported thousands of Zika confirmed cases including microcephaly and Guillain Barre Syndrom related to Zika virus infection. On February 1st, 2016, the Director-General of WHO declared that the recent association of Zika infection with clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Following the WHO announcement, Malaysia has established the National Zika Experts committee which consists of Public Health Physicians, Infectious Disease Specialists, clinicians, virologist and Health Education officers. This committee is responsible for the development of guidelines and policy on management of Zika virus and giving advice to the top level management on issue related to Zika infection. Ministry of Health Malaysia has developed a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Surveillance and Management of Zika Virus Infection. In February 2016, through the Director General of Health instruction, the SOP has been distributed to all Health State Departments, Association of General Medical Practitioner, universities and the related agencies. The SOP includes strengthening the clinical surveillance in hospitals and clinics, lab surveillance, surveillance of Microcephaly and Guillain– Barré syndrome. Between 31st_{August 2016 until 14}th_{December 2016, there were}

(22)

13

SP8-02

Zika Virus- South America‟s Experience

Rodrigo Teixeira Amancio

Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus, first isolated from a serum specimen from a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947, transmitted by many Aedes spp. mosquitoes, including Ae. africanus, Ae. luteocephalus, Ae. hensilli and Ae.

Aegypti. After 2007, a geographic expansion of the virus was observed, including

(23)

14

INDUSTRY SYMPOSIUM

IS1-01

Influenza Vaccination in High Risk Population

Wan Noraini Wan Mohamed Noor

Infectious Disease Surveillance Section Disease Control Division Ministry of Health Malaysia

(24)

15

IS1-02

Dengue: Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Petrick Periyasamy

Infectious Diseases Unit, Medical Department, UKM Medical Centre

(25)

16

ORAL PRESENTATION

OP1-01

Development and Validation of an In-House ELISA for Detection of

T. Gondii

Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Human Sera

Koganti K

Help Hospital, India

Urinary tract infections are common illness in the community. In India and many other low and middle income countries presumptive antibiotic therapy is given to majority of patients without performing urine cultures. This leads to alarming antibiotic resistance and significant economic burden to the patients when the initial presumptive antibiotic treatment fails. To assess antimicrobial resistance pattern of E.coli and the role of Polymyxin B in urinary tract infections. A prospective study was conducted at our hospital in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh over six months from November, 2016 to April, 2017. We collected isolates of E.coli

from patients with febrile urinary tract infection. Identification of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on Vitek 2 (automated identification and sensitivity equipment based on CLSI guidelines). Multi drug resistant E.coli were defined as strains resistant to at least two groups of antibiotics in addition to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positivity. Out of 249 positive urinary cultures, 177 were E.coli isolates. Among the total 177 cases, 73 were males and 104 were females. Of these 162 (91.5%) were ESBL positive. Further 93 (52.5%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Of these 177 patients, 108 patients had history of recent antibiotic usage. Multi drug resistance was proportionately higher (62%) in those who were exposed to recent antibiotic therapy when compared to those who didn‟t use antibiotics (37.6%). The most frequently encountered comorbidity is diabetes, seen in 45 (25.4%) patients. Pyelonephritis was observed in 29 (16.3%) cases and relatively more common in those who were exposed to antibiotics recently, 17 (58.6%) cases vs 12 (41.4%) cases, when there wasn‟t prior antibiotic usage. Polymyxin B appears to be the only single most effective antibiotic with almost 100% sensitivity in 16 tested multidrug resistant isolates. (Polymyxin B was tested only in those multidrug resistant cases, when only two or less than two antibiotics were sensitive in those

MDR E.coli isolates). There is an alarming increase of ESBL producing and multidrug

(26)

17

OP1 – 02

Computational

Structural,

Functional

Classification

and

Identification of Novel Drug Target in

Burkholderia cepacia

ATCC

25416

Revati K, Kumar S

Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia

Burkholderia cepacia is an aerobic and a bacillus shaped gram negative bacteria.

Burkholderia cepacia is known as opportunistic human pathogen since it causes

infection to immunocompromised patients with underlying disease such as cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease causing these patients to suffer from pneumonia. Due to constant evolution of this species, Burkholderia cepacia

became more resistant towards antibiotics and this made even more difficult to treat patients who are suffering from the infection of this species. The aim of our study is to functionally and structurally annotate 949 hypothetical proteins of

Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416as well as to identify novel drug targets by using

(27)

18

OP1 – 03

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Expired Oral Antibiotics

Alghasham Kawthar

Almoosa Hospital, Saudi Arabia

(28)

19

OP1- 04

Infection Due to “Brain-Eating

Amoebae

”: Novel Chemotherapeutic

Approach

Yu TYO, Khan NA, Siddiqui R

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia

Naegleria fowleri is a protist pathogen that can cause lethal brain infection known

(29)

20

OP1-05

Empirical Treatment and Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens

in Urosepsis: Does It Match? A Study from a Tertiary Care Center

Anandhalakshmi S, Sandhya Bhat K, Sudhagar M, Patricia Anitha K,Sangeetha A V, Desdemona Rasitha, Reba Kanungo

Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, India

(30)

21

OP1-06

Anti-Dermatophytosis and Anti-Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus

Aureus

(Anti-MRSA) Potential of

Quercus Infectoria

(Manjakani)

and

Cassia Alata

(Gelenggang)

Razak MFA1_{, Omar MH}2 _{and Wasiman MI}2

1_{Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia} 2_{Phytochemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

Extracts of Quercus infectoria (Manjakani) and Cassia alata (Gelenggang) have been known to show antifungal and antibacterial activities. There has been little or no report on anti-dermatophytes or anti-MRSA of Quercus infectoria and Cassia

alata. In this research work, anti-dermatophytosis and anti-MRSA activities of

Quercus infectoria and Cassia alata extracts were determined. Quercus infectoria

and Cassia alata were extracted with ethanol. The crude extracts were dried and

then reconstituted in ethanol as stock solution to the concentration of 40mg/ml. The extracts stock solutions were serially diluted in 100µl RPMI growth medium in 96-well microtiter plate and then each extract dilutions was inoculated with 5µl of cells or spores suspension of MRSA or dermatophytes fungus respectively. The microtiter plates were incubated until bacterial or fungal growth was visible and the minimum-inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the MRSA or dermatophytes was determined. Quercus infectoria extract inhibited growth of

Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and

Microsporum canis with the MIC range 62.5-125 µg/ml [0.006 – 0.01% (w/v)] while

the MIC on the two strains of MRSA was 62.5µg/ml [0.006% (w/v)]. Cassia alata

(31)

22

OP1-07

Prevalence of Hookworm in Stools of Negrito Orang Asli in Malaysia

Sakinah MOHD SOFIAN1_{, Azdayanti MUSLIM}2,3_{, Syahrul Azlin SHAARI}3_{, Zaini MOHD-ZAIN}3

1_{Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia} 2_{Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

3_{Cluster of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia}

Hookworm is a common soil transmitted helminth (STH) affecting approximately 600 million people worldwide. It is prevalent in tropical countries, whereby the climate, moisture and temperature are most suitable for the development of hookworm‟s eggs and larvae. Previous studies in Malaysia had shown that Necator

americanus is the main species responsible for infection in human. We conducted a

(32)

23

OP1-08

Species-Specific PCR for Detection of

Candida

Species in

Immunocompromised Patients

Harmal Nabil Saad1_{, Tajudin Tajmul Rizwan}1_{, Yong Rafidah Abd Rahman}1_{, Sekawi Zamberi}2_{, Chong Pei Pei}3 1_{Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia}

2_{Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia,}

Malaysia

3_{Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia,}

Malaysia

Candida species are a major cause of invasive infections in immunocompromised

patients with a mortality rate of 50%. The newly emerging antifungal-resistant

Candida species are increasingly common. Thus, rapid identification of these

pathogens will facilitate specific therapy and patient management. This study aims to develop a species-specific PCR for detection and identificationof the newly emerging Candida species. New PCRs have been developed with novel species-specific primers for five Candida species: C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C.

lusitaniae, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis. The newly designed primers

targeted the ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA gene cluster. The specificity and sensitivity of this method were evaluated using different ATCC strains of Candida

species (n=13), Aspergillus species (n=4), and two clinical isolates of Cryptococcus

species to confirm the specificity of the designed primers. In addition, 44 blood samples taken from BacT/Alert blood culture bottles of immunocompromised patients were used for validation of the new PCR method.The PCR method achieved highly specific identification of the selected species, with no cross-reaction to the other tested fungal species. This method was able to detect 1 cell/ml of culture broth when tested repeatedly for the five targeted species of

Candida in this study. Furthermore, the validation results using 44 blood samples

(33)

24

OP1-09

Prevalence Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Students

from UiTM Puncak Alam Campus

Yusof H1_{, Richard RL}1_{, Lim YAL}2

1_{Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA}

(UiTM),

Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia

2_{Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

Globally, intestinal parasitic infections are still considered as one of the major health concerns. Hence, various intervention measures had been carried out over the years to further eradicate this alarming issue. Although the infections are quite common in Malaysia and had been reported previously, there is still limited data on the occurrence of intestinal parasites among university students. Hence, the aim of this study was to monitor the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Puncak Alam Campus students. A total of 118 students from various courses in Faculty of Health Sciences had participated in this study. In addition, each participant was given sterile stool container together with questionnaires and consent forms. The sample was then thoroughly checked to determine the sufficiency of the sample to proceed for further analysis. Samples were analyzed using separate concentration techniques: formalin-ether concentration and trichrome staining via light microscope. Findings revealed

Blastocystis-like (39.8%), Entamoeba-like (2.5%) and Ascaris-like (0.8%) for

(34)

25

OP1-10

Prevalence and Burden of

Ascaris lumbricoides

among Orang Asli in

Kampung Kachau Luar, Ulu Semenyih Selangor

Mehru Nisha, Muhammad Aiman Bin Robani

Institute Of Medical Science Technology (Mestech), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworms), Trichuris trichuria (whipworms) and

(35)

26

OP1-11

Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections among Negrito

Populations in Malaysia

MUSLIM Azdayanti1,2_{, MOHD SOFIAN Sakinah}3_{, SHAARI Syahrul AZLIN}2_{, LEONG Kok-Hoong}4_{, HOH Boon-Peng}5_,

LIM Yvonne Ai-Lian 1

1_{Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

2_{Cluster of Laboratory Medicine Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Sungai Buloh}

Campus),

Selangor, Malaysia

3_{Institute for Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (Sungai Buloh Campus),}

Selangor, Malaysia

4_{Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

5_{Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

(36)

27

OP1- 12

Brain-Eating

Amoebae

: Silver Nanoparticles Conjugation Enhanced

Efficacy of Anti-Amoebic Drugs against

Naegleria Fowleri

Rajendran K, Anwar A, Khan NA, Shah MR, Siddiqui R Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia

(37)

28

OP1-13

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Incidence and Drug-Resistant

Bacterial Preponderance; A Fact to Ponder

Asir GJ1_{, Vidya J}1_{, Vadivu S}2_{, Sujitha E}1_{, Kanungo R}1

1_{Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India} 2_{India Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry, India}

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common cause of nosocomial infection leading to mortality and morbidity. This study aims to identify microbial factors and infection control practices that influence the incidence of VAP.The incidence of VAP among patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) from January to December 2016 was calculated. The one year period was divided into 3 segments; 1st segment (January-April), 2nd segment (May-August), 3rd segment (September-December). Isolation rates of Gram Negative Bacteria (GNB) from respiratory samples and their resistance pattern were analyzed. A total of 14 patients had developed VAP during the study period. Incidence of VAP in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd segment of the year was 25.3, 15.2 and 4.1/1000 ventilator days respectively.

Acinetobacter baumannii was the causative agent of VAP (100%) in all the 14

patients. Among all GNB isolated from respiratory specimen the isolation rate of

A.baumannii was 84%, 64%, 59% during the 1st_{, 2}nd_{and 3}rd_{segment of the year.}

(38)

29

OP1-14

Pyrrolidone Compounds as Potentially Safe and Efficacious

Anti-MRSA Agents

Johari SA1,2_{, Mastura M}1_{, Sharifah Aminah SM}2_{, Mohd Fazli M}4_{, Azman M}3_{& Mohamad Jemain MR}5

1_{Antimicrobial Laboratory, Bioactivity Programme, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute}

Malaysia,

Selangor, Malaysia

2_{Faculty of Applied Sciences, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia} 3_{Biotherapeutic Branch, Bioactivity Programme, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia,}

Selangor, Malaysia,

4_{Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia} 5_{Sultan Azlan Shah Allied Health Sciences College, Perak, Malaysia}

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a nosocomial-related, Gram-positive bacteria that have been known to display multidrug-resistance (MDR) properties towards a wide range of structurally-unrelated antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Currently, only a handful of antibiotics could inhibit this dangerous pathogen. In our effort to find new antibacterial agents against MRSA, we have previously identified two synthetically-derived pyrrolidone alkaloids (MFM501 and MFM514) that showed good inhibitory activity (MIC value of 7.81 to 31.3 μg/ml) against 38 MDR MRSA and 13 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates with low cytotoxicity against three normal cell-lines (WRL-68, Vero and 3T3) with IC50 values at > 625 µg/ml. To determine the safety and efficacy of

MFM501 and MFM514 using in vivo techniques.An oral acute toxicity test in accordance to the OECD 420 guideline was carried out using against both derivatives using ICR mice. Additionally, a mice systemic infection model was applied to evaluate the efficacy of either active compound against a MRSA infection. In the acute toxicity test, MFM501 shows no toxicity effect on the treated mice at an estimated median acute toxicity value (LD50) of > 300 mg/kg

and < 2000 mg/kg. On the other hand, MFM514 displayed a lower toxicity activity with LD50 value of > 2000 mg/kg and < 5000 mg/kg. For the efficacy test, MFM501

revealed a mean effective does (ED50) of 87.2 mg/kg via a single dose oral

administration against MRSA-infected mice. In contrast, MFM514 exhibited better mice protection ability with ED50 value of 29.39 mg/kg in the similar experiment.

(39)

30

OP1-15

Alarming Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolones Resistance of

Salmonella

in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Koganti K

Help Hospital, India

Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi, is an endemic infection in many low and middle income countries like India. Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones have been the drugs of choice for the past decade for enteric fever. This study was done to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella enteric serovars. A prospective study was conducted at our hospital in South India for three months from March, 2017 to May, 2017. 42 blood culture positive isolates of Salmonella species were studied. Blood cultures were performed on Versatrek (automated blood culture system) and identification and sensitivity performed on Vitek2 (automated identification and sensitivity system based on CLSI guidelines). Out of the 42 isolates studied, 39 are S.typhi and 3 are

S.paratyphi. Alarming resistance was observed for three major cephalosporins

(40)

31

OP1-16

The 2015 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Epidemic in South

Korea: How to Reduce Transmission in Case of Epidemics

Lee, W1_{, Choo, D}2_{, Chung, D}3_{, Kim, E}4_{, Lee, J}5_{, Chung, S}6_{, and Park, S}7

1_{Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong}

2_{University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, United States of America} 3_{Brown University, United States of America}

4_{Tufts University,}_{Massachusetts,}_{United States of America} 5_{Cornell University, New York, United States of America} 6_{Marymount University, Virginia, United States of America}

7_{University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America}

(41)

32

OP1-17

Screening for Latent TB Infection in Children: A Review of Current

Practice in North Central London TB Screening Service

Nazi, N

St Georges’ Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

(42)

33

OP1-18

Mark Release and Recapture of Malaysian Strains

Aedes albopictus

(Skuse)

Rozilawati H1_{, Mohd Masri S}2_{, Tanaselvi K}1_{, Nazni WA}1_{, Lee HL}1

1_{Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

2_{Strategic Resource Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur,}

Malaysia

(43)

34

OP1-19

Evaluation of a Field-deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated

Isothermal PCR for Rapid and Sensitive On-site Detection of Zika

Virus

Carossino, M1_{, Li, Y.}1_{, Lee, P.A.}2_{, Tsai, C.}2_{, Chou, P.}2_{, Williams, D.}3_{, Skillman, A.}1_{, Cook, F.}1_{, Brown, G.}4_,

Chang, H. G.2_{, Wang, H.T.}2_{, Balasuriya, U.R.B.}1

1_{Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food}

and

Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

2_{GeneReach Biotechnology, Taichung, Taiwan}

3_{University of Kentucky Medical Center, Chandler Hospital, Kentucky Blood Center, University of Kentucky,}

Lexington, KY, USA

4_{Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky,}

Lexington, KY, USA

(44)

35

OP1-20

Occurrences of Animal Allergens among Laboratory Workers and

Researchers

Vellayan Subramaniam1_{, Qurratu Aini Aniqah Binti Sekaria}1_{, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh}2

1_{Department of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak}

Alam

Campus, Selangor, Malaysia

2_{Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak}

Alam

(45)

36

OP1-21

The Risk Factors of Tuberculosis (TB) Coinfection among HIV/AIDS

Patients in Badung Regional General Hospital

Krisnahari KL1_{, Citrajaya H}1_{*, Sawitri AA}2

1_{Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia}

2_{Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia}

(46)

37

OP2-01

Strategies for Improved Management of

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Abjani F, Siddiqui R, Khan NA

Acanthamoeba species has been well recognized as human pathogens to cause life

threatening infection such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK is a serious vision threatening infection, mostly

(47)

38

OP2-02

Rabies: What Needs to Be Done to Prevent Outbreak

Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh1,2_{,Vellayan Subramaniam}3

1_{Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak}

Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia

2_{Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research,}

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia

3_{Department of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak}

Alam

(48)

39

OP2-03

Prevalence of

Leptospira

in Abattoir Workers, Slaughtered Animals

and Abattoir Environment in Cavite, Philippines

Tabo, N.A.1,2_{, Villanueva, S.Y.A.M.}2_{, and Gloriani, N.G.}2

1_{Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmariñas,}

Philippines

2_{Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines-Manila,}

Philippines

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Leptospira

among abattoir workers and slaughtered animals, and Leptospira serovars in slaughtered animals and abattoir environment in Cavite, Philippines.Serum samples obtained from 46 abattoir workers and 69 slaughtered animals were subjected to microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The MAT-screening positive sera were further subjected to MAT quantitation with a cut-off titer of 400 in humans and 20 in animals. The urine of 69 slaughtered animals and 72 environmental samples were subjected to culture. Culture-positive samples were subjected to rrl-PCR, flaB-PCR and serotyping using monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies. The results showed that 15.2% of abattoir workers in selected abattoirs of Cavite province were positive for

Leptospira-agglutinating antibodies that reacted with serovars Canicola,

Hurtsbridge, Losbanos, Poi and Ratnapura. These workers were assigned in dehairing, abattoir cleaning and butchering of pigs, and gut removal, gut cleaning, hide removal, and butchering in cows. On the other hand, the overall

Leptospira-seropositivity in slaughtered animals was 58.0%, 61.7% of which was in

(49)

40

OP2-04

In-Silico Functional and Structural Classification of Hypothetical

Proteins from

Streptococcus Pyogens

Farina W, Kumar S

Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Streptococcus pyogenes also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) which grows in

chain and cause infections to human especially in respiratory tract for example pharyngitis, tonsillitis and more. Recently, there are several reports against the development of resistant of S. pyogenes strains against the current usage of antibiotics. The aim of this study is to identify the potential drug target among hypothetical protein of Streptococcus pyogenes by functional classification and structural prediction. Out of 520 hypothetical protein of Streptococcus pyogenes,

(50)

41

OP2-05

Prevalence of “Brain-Eating

Amoebae

” in Public Water Supplies in

Malaysia

Khan, Naveed Ahmed; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Gabriel, Shobana

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Free-living amoebae (Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria

fowleri) have gained increasing attention owing to their capacity to produce

(51)

42

OP2-06

Acute Febrile Illness in West Pahang - An Analysis of 341

Hospitalized Patients

Mohd Thabit AA1_{, Wan Ahmad Kamil WMR}1_{, Mohd Din MR}2_{, Arumugam M}2_{, Wan Azman SS}2_{, Gian Singh SS}3_,

Abdullah R2_{, Rosli NA}4

1_{Department of Medicine, Bentong Hospital, Pahang, Malaysia}

2_{Department of Medicine, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia} 3_{Department of Medicine, Kuala Lipis Hospital, Pahang, Malaysia}

4_{Department of Public Health, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

(52)

43

OP2-07

Animals Living in Polluted Environments are Potential Source of

Antibacterial

Foo YMW, Siddiqui R, Khan NA

Infectious diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality contributing to more than 15 million deaths annually. The emergence of multiple-drug resistant bacteria has further exacerbated the problem. The hypothesis is animals living in polluted environments are potential source of novel antimicrobials. Under polluted milieus, organisms such as cockroaches encounter different types of microbes, including superbugs. Such creatures survive the onslaught of superbugs and are able to ward off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antibacterial activity in various tissues of animals living in polluted environments. Thus, the discovery of novel antibacterial from animals/pests living in polluted environments is a promising avenue of research. Among various animals, we selected snakes that feed on germ-infested rodents and rats that thrive in unhygienic conditions. Organ lysates were prepared and their bactericidal effects were determined against neuropathogenic E. coli K1, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

(53)

44

OP2-08

Temperature Effect on the Adult

Aedes albopictus

(Skuse) Life

Demographic

Rozilawati H1_{, Mohd Masri S}2_{, Tanaselvi K}1_{, Nazni WA}1_{, and Lee HL}1

1_{Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

2_{Strategic Resource Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur,}

Malaysia

Aedes albopictus Skuse is the main vector transmitting chikungunya virus during

recent outbreaks and is also the secondary vector for dengue and Zika viruses. As in other mosquito vectors, the bionomics of Ae. albopictus is subject to environmental factors such as temperature, which is the main environmental factor influencing the population growth. In this study, the effects of several constant temperatures at controlled relative humidity on the life demographics of

Ae. albopictus were evaluated. The adult mosquitoes were exposed to several

(54)

45

OP2-09

Human Rights and Social Stigma Review for Leprosy Patients in

Korea

Park, SY

University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America

(55)

46

POSTER PRESENTATION

PP1-01

Precise Identification of Different Stages of a Tick,

Ixodes

granulatus

Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodidae)

Ernieenor FCL1_{, Yaakop S}2_{, Mariana A}1_{, Ernna G}1_{, Shukor MN}2

1_{Acarology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia} 2_{Centre for Insect Systematic, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and}

Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

Identification of a local species of tick, Ixodes granulatusis essential because it has potential to be a vector for spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia and tick typhus. The objective of this study is to identify different stages of I. granulatus based on morphological characters prior TO molecular identification, that aim significantly in confirming and identifying the nymphal stages of I. granulatus. Total of 14 individuals of adult, engorged and nymphal ticks collected from three different localities were examined morphologically using taxonomic keys, then was continue with Polymerase Chain Reaction using Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Clustering analysis based on COI sequences was carried out by constructing Neighbor-joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) tree to clarify the genetic variation and diversity of local I. granulatus. Based on external morphological characterizations, nine individuals (64.3%) were successfully identified as I.

(56)

47

PP1-02

A Scoping Review on the Association of

Burkholderia Pseudomallei

with Environmental and Climatic Factors

Yuvaneswary Veloo, Lim Kuang Hock, Siti Hajar Shahruddin, Ameerah Su’ad Abdul Shakor, Noor Safiza Mohammad Nor

Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram negative bacillus and an environmental

(57)

48

PP1-03

Effectiveness of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Prevention of

Malaria in Pregnancy:

In Silico

Pharmacological Model

Htay, Mila Nu Nu1_{,Hastings, Ian M}2_{; Hodel, Eva Maria}2_{; Kay, Katherine}3 1_{Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia}

2_{Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom}

3_{State University of New York at Buffalo, United States of America}

Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in sub-Saharan African countries to reduce the complications. In silico

(58)

49

PP1-04

Preliminary Analysis on the Effect of Prolonged Incubation Period in

Blood on the Gene Expression of

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Hii SYF, Ahmad N, Amran F.

Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Burkholderia pseudomallei (B.pseudomallei) is the agent that causes melioidosis, a

(59)

50

PP1-05

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus

aureus

Clinical Isolates Collected from a Tertiary Teaching Hospital

in Kuala Lumpur over Two Year Period

Niek, W.K.1_{,Teh, S.J.}1_{, Kamarulzaman, A.}1_{, Sam, I.C}.1_{, Syed Omar, S.F.}1_{, Sulaiman, H.}1_{, Thong, K.L.}2_,

Ponnampalavanar, S.1

1_{Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

2_{Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}

(60)

51

PP1-06

Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance among Invasive

Pneumococcal Isolated from Children Less than 5 Years Old

Revathy Arushothy, Norazah Ahmad, Rohaidah Hashim, Nazirah Samsudin, Sakina Zainal Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2018 - Volume 18 (Suppl. 1)

MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF

MALAYSIAN PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIANS’ ASSOCIATION

OfficialJournal ofMalaysian

Public Health Physicians’Association

MJPHM

EDITORIAL BOARD

OfficialJournal ofMalaysian

Public Health Physicians’Association

MJPHM

THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TROPICAL MEDICINE

AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES

EDITORIAL BOARD

CONTENTS

PLENARY

Microbes as Weapons of Mass Destruction –Potential Threats and

Preparedness

SYMPOSIUM 1 - VACCINATION

Issues in Childhood Vaccination

Quality Control in Vaccines

SYMPOSIUM 2 - ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE

Drug Resistant Bacteria in Health Care Setting and Community

SYMPOSIUM 3 - METHICILLIN RESISTANT

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Emergence

of

Community-Associated

Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA) in Indigenous Population with

Particular Reference to Australia

Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

in the Community in

Malaysia

SYMPOSIUM 4

Western Australia Mumps Outbreak Highly Vaccinated Aboriginal

People; Lesson Learned

SYMPOSIUM 5

Diarrhoeal Diseases in Children

SYMPOSIUM 6

Influenza Surveillance in Southern Vietnam

SYMPOSIUM 7 - ZIKA VIRUS: SOUTH ASIA‟S EXPERIENCE

Zika Virus- Vietnam‟s Experience

Zika Virus- Indonesia‟s Experience

SYMPOSIUM 8 - ZIKA VIRUS: SOUTHEAST ASIA‟S AND SOUTH

AMERICA‟S EXPERIENCE

Zika Virus- Malaysia‟s Experience

Zika Virus- South America‟s Experience

INDUSTRY SYMPOSIUM

Influenza Vaccination in High Risk Population

Dengue: Vaccine Preventable Diseases

ORAL PRESENTATION

Development and Validation of an In-House ELISA for Detection of

T.

Gondii

Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Human Sera

Computational

Structural,

Functional

Classification

and

Identification of Novel Drug Target in

Burkholderia cepacia

ATCC

25416

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Expired Oral Antibiotics

Infection Due to “Brain-Eating

Amoebae

”: Novel Chemotherapeutic

Approach

Empirical Treatment and Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens

in Urosepsis: Does It Match? A Study from a Tertiary Care Center

Anti-Dermatophytosis and Anti-Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus

Aureus

(Anti-MRSA) Potential of

Quercus Infectoria

(Manjakani)

and