THE MINOANS: DEMOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL VARIATION

THE MINOANS: DEMOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL VARIATION AND AFFINITIES

VOLUME II ILLUSTRATIONS

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

by

PHOTINI J.P. McGEORGE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY

462

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

:Jh,' ,-; i., ~a.J lariation

Plate Cluster A Crania (modes)

Armenoi: 10-3 Face Pr of ile Base Ck:c ipi tal

"

201'

"

"

"

Vertical 2

"

20E

_"

_"

"

Ck:c ipi tal

"

24B

"

"

"

"

3

_"

32B

_"

"

"

"

"

67B

_"

"

"

"

4

_"

67E

_"

"

"

Vertical

"

69A

_"

"

"

CX::c ipi tal

5

_"

7lE

"

"

"

"

"

76A

"

"

"

Vertica 1 6

"

76/j "

"

"

Ck:cipital

"

77A

"

"

"

"

7

"

79i:f

"

"

"

"

"

79Z

"

"

"

"

8

_"

89f

_"

"

"

"

"

89H

_"

"

"

"

9

"

95LI

"

"

"

"

Pigi: III

"

"

"

"

10 Ailias VI/XA

"

"

"

"

Clus ter BI Crania (males)

II Armenoi: I 1 Face Pr of ile Base Occ ipi tal

"

19B

"

"

"

"

12

_"

27-1

"

"

"

"

"

31-1

"

"

"

"

13

_"

31-3

"

"

"

"

"

46-1

"

"

"

"

14

_"

55A

"

"

"

"

"

55

r

"

"

"

"

15

"

7~T

"

"

"

"

"

78B

"

"

"

Vertica 1 16

_"

78 Cl "

"

"

Ck:cipi tal

"

86

r

"

"

"

"

17

_"

89A

"

"

"

"

"

89B

"

"

"

"

463

Plate

19 Armenoi: 93B Face Pr of ile Base Gee ipi tal

"

93r "

"

"

"

20

_"

94~

"

"

"

"

"

95H

"

_"

_"

_"

21

_"

117B

"

_"

_"

"

"

118H "

_"

_"

"

Cluster B2 Crania (males)

22 Armenoi: 71 IJ Face Profile Base (£cipital

"

92 r

_"

"

"

"

23 Ailias v/lxXVll

_"

_"

_"

"

Cluster 1 Crania (females)

24 Armenoi: 31-2 Face Profile Base Vertical

"

73 Ll

_"

_"

_"

Dec ipi tal 25

_"

73H

_"

_"

_"

Vertical

"

74Z

_"

"

_"

Dcc ipi tal

26

_"

76

r

_"

"

"

"

"

86A

_"

11

"

"

27

_"

86B

_"

_"

_"

_"

"

86ZT

_"

_"

_"

_"

28

"

891

_"

"

"

"

"

89K

_"

_"

_"

_"

29

_"

89A

_"

_"

_"

_"

"

9211

_"

"

"

"

30

_"

117A

_"

_"

_"

_"

Koumaro: 4

"

H

_"

_"

31 Ailias VI/X"j,XVIA

_"

_"

_"

"

Pigi: IV

_"

"

_"

"

Cluster 2 Crania (females)

32 Arrnenoi: 10-2 Face Profile Base (£cipital

"

13A

_"

_"

"

"

33

_"

32A

_"

_"

_"

_"

"

69B

_"

_"

_"

_"

34

"

7IB

_"

_"

_"

_"

" 73r _"

_"

"

"

35 11

74~ 11

"

"

Vertical " 78A

_"

_"

_"

Occipi tal

36

_"

79

r

_"

_"

_"

"

Plate 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

.,

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

84l:T

89l:; T.

86E 89il 95E 95Z

9ar

I )7f 118r 118~ 46-2

77u

79B 86~ 801' 107E )3A 3)-3 89K 71E 95E 79Z 73E 86B 73C1 89H

SO i1

80 il

80 ~

80 ~

84H

95Z

55r

9Sr 9SA

Face Profile

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Base

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Ver tic al Occ ipi tal

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Cluster 3 Crania (females)

Face Profile Base Occipi tal

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Non-Metrical Variation

Osteoma on the occipital bone

Premature obliteration of sagittal suture Peculiar variation of basi-occipital

"

"

"

" "

Fusion of partially formed atlas to occipital Sacrum

&

5th lumbar : Spina bifida occulta Coronal ossic les

Sagittal ossicles Ossic Ie a t lambda Wormian ossic les Metopism

"

Parietal Notch bone

"

"

.,

Partially sacralised 5th lumbar

"

"

"

"

Sacralised 5th lumbar. exposed sacral canal Sacralised 5 th lumbar

"

"

"

465

Dental Pathology

Plate Caries

55 Armenoi: 10-2 Maxilla and Mani ible

"

13A Maxilla

"

20E Mand ible

Enamel Hypoplasia 56 Armenoi: 89B Right Mand ibular c anl.ne

"

89E

_"

_"

_"

57

_"

89i:T Left

_"

_"

II

8~t:T Right

_"

_"

"

89H Left

_"

_"

58

_"

86E Right

_"

_"

"

806 Right

_"

2nd premolar

"

89Ll Left

_"

_"

molar

"

86E Left II

"

"

59

_"

86 L Right Maxillary 3rd molar

"

89ZT Left Marrl ibular lateral incisor

Calculus Armenoi: 24B Mand ible

59

_"

Periodontosis Armenoi: 20E Marrl ible

59

_"

Periodontal Disease 60 Armenoi: 19B Maxilla and Mand ib le

"

10-3 Maxilla

Abcesses 61 Armenoi: 95r;T Maxilla

"

78B Maxilla and Mand ible 62

_"

67E Maxilla

"

7611 "

63

_"

946

_"

"

93

r

_"

64

"

95l::r It

466

Plate Attrition

65 Armenoi: 73E Maxilla

"

79b.

_"

Impac ted Teeth 66 Armenoi: 74Z Maxilla

"

71A Mandible 67

"

67B Man:l ible

"

84b. Mand ible

Bite

68 Armenoi: 2~ Maxilla and Mand ible

"

SSf

_"

_"

_"

Skeletal PatholoSl Frac tures 69 Armenoi: 89A Right and left tibia

"

89A Right tibia

"

89A

_"

_"

"

89A Right and left tibia 70

_"

89A Right tibia and fibula

"

89A Distal right fibula

"

89A Distal right tibia 71

_"

76A Left tibia

"

79i."T Tibia

"

31-1 Right tibia

"

95M Tibia

"

98Z Left tibia

"

84-2 Left tibia 72

_"

67A Right tibia

"

77[;. _{Left humerus, left and right radius}

"

776, _"

_"

_"

_"

_"

_"

"

77b. Left scapula

73

_"

93A Left humerus

"

86l)' Right rad ius

"

100-5 Ulna

"

98B Left humerus, radius and ulna

74

_"

llBil Right radius

"

108e Tibia

"

76

.a

Left innominate

"

76 ij Left innominate, acetabulum detail

467

Plate

75 Armenoi: 92B Left innominate

"

92B

_"

"

"

32B Cranium 76

_"

31-2

_"

Exostose s

76 Armenoi: 782 Calcaneum

"

782 Humerus

"

55A Calcanea

77 pigi: IV Sacrum and calcanea Armenoi: 71E 4th lumbar

"

?IE 4th lumbar and sec tion of vertebral column

"

800 Sacrum and lumbars

"

78B Lumbars

"

78B 5th lumbar

"

78B

"

"

78

"

67B Tibia

"

85r

"

"

77f' Right innominate

"

89 il' Tibia

79

_"

892..! II

"

II Left tibia

"

32B

_"

"

"

32B Right tibia

"

20r Right tibia 80

_"

93A Femur

"

103Ll Left tibia

"

92~ Tibia

"

IIOA Left tibia

Osteoporosis

80 Armenoi: 742 Tibia

"

78H

_"

81

_"

952

"

"

95E

"

"

95~

"

"

77E II

"

89K

"

Plate 82 83 84 85 86

87

88

Armenoi: 14-1

"

"

"

"

"

"

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

Armenoi:

"

"

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Pigi: Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

I07E 92£> 92B 92B 92B I08A 94E 671 671 671 64E 79A 73E 19A 19A 19A 78Z 78Z 100B 73H 7m

92f

76 b.

84B 67Z 20A I 1 27 V 92B 95A 103f I03E 98-8 Tibia

"

"

Right 5th metatarsal, atlas Thoracic

Lumbars Right tibia

Avi~aminosis

Femur

Right feIlll r

"

"

Tibia

" _{Osteochondritis}

Right femur Femur

Poliomyelitis

Tibia Sacrum

1st - 5th lumbars

Osteomyelitis Right and left tibia Left tibia

Fenur

Right and left femur, tibia Tibia

Clavic le

Right and left tibiae Tibia

"

Left tibia Right tibia Tibia

Left tibia " 11 Tibia

"

"

"

Plate 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Armenoi: 98-1

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

" 98-5 74Z 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E 67E

Armenoi: 69A

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

86f 86f 86f 86iT 71B

7IB

71B 71B 71B 71A 7lA

7IA

71A 118Bl 118~ 118Z 118HJ 118H 118R 76Y Tibia

"

_Brucellosis

Lumbars Thorac ic s

"

"

Talus

Talus and long bones Femur (chopping marks)

"

"

"

Tibia

_"

"

Humerus" " Cranium (bloodstains) Tibia

"

Tuberculosis

Tibia Pelvis Thoracics

"

5th lumbar

"

"

Thoracics

Vertebral column (a-p and lateral views) Right scapula

"

"

Right humerus

Thoracics and lumbars Lumbars

7th cervical. 3rd & 6th thoracics Lumbars

"

"

Vertebrae Vertebrae Sacrum

Lumbar vertebrae

Plate 96 97 98 98 99 100 101 102 Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

76Y 76X 76x 76f 118r 20B 20B 20B 35f 10-1 Spondylitis

Armenoi: 67B

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

77A 77A 20E 20E 20E 55A 55A 101

r

101

r

101 f

101

r

101

r

101

r

95H

103E 103E

103E

Pigi: IV Armenoi: 77

r

"

"

32A

958

Lumbar ver tebr ae

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

"

"

Lumbar vertebrae 4th lumbar

Right fe1lllr

"

"

5th lumbar

"

2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbars

"

1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbars

Rheumatic, Degenerative and Ankylosing

1st - 5th lumbars Thoracic vertebrae

"

"

4th and 5th lumbars Pelvis

"

Vertebral column Sacrum

Lumbars 7th cPI'vical Thorac ic Thoracic s Sacrum Thoracic Cervical Phalange s Vertebr ae Phalanges Vertebr ae 3rd lumbar Sacrum

Vertebral column

Anatomical Variations of the Vertebral Column

•

Plate 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

Armenoi: 69B

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

73iT 79H 78Z 77A 77E 84a 7613 78i:T 79Z 79A 89H 85A 55f Platyvola Armenoi: 46-2

"

"

"

"

"

"

14-1 IO-I 31-3 118B 108B II&:;T Sacrum

"

"

Sacrum

"

"

"

"

"

"

Sacrum and 5th lumbar Sacrum

"

Sacrum and 4th lumbar Sacrum

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Congenital Dislocation of the Hip

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

78 f

84B 86A 84B 84B 84B 84B

35

r

35

r

Armenoi: 27

"

"

17.2

7IH

FemurS Right femur

II

"

Right innominate

"

"

Right femur Right innominate

II

"

Left innominate

Head Injuries

Cranium (profile view) Cranium ( " " ) Cranium (frontal view)

Plate

110

I I I

112

112

113

I 14

Armenoi: 73t')

"

78E

Armenoi: 78B

"

78B

Platyvola

Armenoi: 95K

"

"

Armenoi:

"

"

"

"

"

95K 95K 1030.

103 f.1

103 ti

103~

89 A

74Z

Hydrocephaly Cranium (profile view)

"

"

"

) F r on ta 1 S i nu sit i s Cr anium (F ron t view)

"

(Pr of ile view) Paget's Disease Tibia

Osteoblastic Sarcoma Right ulna

Tibia Metacarpal

Metastatic Cancer to Bone Lumbar s

Sac.rum

"

"

Cranium (Occipital view)

"

"

" )

115 Votive figurines and limbs found at peak sanctuar ies

116 117 118 119 120 M M 2

M 3

M 4

M 5

M 6

Tamata: modern Armenoi: 32B

"

32B

"

67B

"

86B

Ailias: V L.V.c

"

"

Armenoi:

Age gr oups'

equivalents of Minoan votives Cranium (Fron t view)

"

(Profile view)

"

(

_"

"

)

"

(CX:cipital view)

"

(Vertic al view) Drawn de tail of cut marks Fenur with textile impression

TOOTH ATTRITION ILLUSTRATIONS

15-20 20-25 20-25 c25 c25 20-25

Armenoi Males

Plate

M 7 M 8

M 9 MIO MIl Ml2 MI3 MI4 MI5 MI6

F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8

F 9

FlO F II FI2

A I A 2 A 3 A 4-6 A 7 A 8 A 9

AlO All AI2

C 1-5

C 5

C 5

Age groops; c25 30+ 30+ 30+ 30-40 30-40 30-40 40+ 40+ 50+ 80+

Armenoi Females

Age groups: 16-20 17-20 20-25 20-25 20-25 20-25 c26 25-30 25-30 30+ 30-40 50+

Adult Males and Females Aghios Ioannis, Gerani, Koumaro

Koumaro, Platyvola, Palaikastro, Knossos Chryssolakkos, Isle of Christ

Ailias Pyrgos

Sellopoulo Tomb IV Pigi, Deliana

Galia, Aghios Syllas, Sellopoulo Tomb II

Aghia Pelagia, Kakodiki, Aghia Pavlos, Fournes KSM, KFF, Maria-Theresa Wrec k

Armenoi Platyvola

KFF

Sub-Adults

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Variations

13A

:

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PLA TE 46

Pecul iar variation of basi--occipital

8

9K

5

PLATE

47

PLATE

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PLATE

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738

:

oss

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lambda

PLATE

50

Metopism:

80~

PLATE

51

Parietal notch bone

8011

PLATE

52

11:

part ialy sacral ised

lumbar

9SZ

:

p3rtially sacralised

5th

lumbar

PLATE

53

P

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gSA

:

sacralised

5th

PLATE

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PLA

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IMPACTED TEETH

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Osteoporosis of the cranial

vault

surtaces

89A

· ~..'

PAGE

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AS ORIGINAL

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CENTIMETRES

INCHES

PLATE 120

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