REPORTABLE REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE TE JURISDICTIONJURISDICTION
CRIMINAL
CRIMINAL APPEAL APPEAL NO. NO. 949 949 OF OF 20182018
(Arising out of Speci! Le"e Petition (Cri#in!$ No%&') of
(Arising out of Speci! Le"e Petition (Cri#in!$ No%&') of *+,$*+,$
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*% T/is T/is ppppee! c/! c/!!!!enengeges t/s t/e coe corrrrecectntnesess of Jus of Ju-g-g#e#ent nt n- On- Or-r-er -er -tte- e-*%*%*+) psse- 23 t/e Hig/ Court of Pun42 n- Hr3n t C/n-igr/ *%*%*+) psse- 23 t/e Hig/ Court of Pun42 n- Hr3n t C/n-igr/ in Cri#in! Appe! No%,&' of *+5 23 6/ic/ t/e Hig/ Court ffir#e- t/e in Cri#in! Appe! No%,&' of *+5 23 6/ic/ t/e Hig/ Court ffir#e- t/e con"iction of t/e ppe!!nt for t/e offences punis/2!e un-er Section *(c$ con"iction of t/e ppe!!nt for t/e offences punis/2!e un-er Section *(c$ Digitally signed by Digitally signed by ANITA MALHOTRA ANITA MALHOTRA Date: 2018.07.31 Date: 2018.07.31 13:20:43 IST 13:20:43 IST Reason: Reason:
Signature Not Verified Signature Not Verified
re- 6it/ Section *& of
re- 6it/ Section *& of T/ T/e e NrcotNrcotic ic Drugs Drugs n- n- Ps3c/Ps3c/otropotropic ic Su2stSu2stncencess
Act7 &'8 (9NDPC Act:7 for s/ort$%
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ccuse- 6ere ppre/en-e-7 t/e ppe!!nt 6s in touc/ 6it/ eit/er of t/e#%eit/er of t/e#%
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,%% For For tt//e e ppreresseennt t ppuurprpoosseess7 7 66e e 6i6i!!! ! pprorocceeee- - oon n tt//e e ffoooottiinng g tt//t t tt//ee stte#ents of co=ccuse- 6ere recor-e- un-er n- in ter#s of Section ), of stte#ents of co=ccuse- 6ere recor-e- un-er n- in ter#s of Section ), of t/e NDPS Act% As regr-s suc/ stte#ents7 2enc/ of t6o Ju-ges of t/is t/e NDPS Act% As regr-s suc/ stte#ents7 2enc/ of t6o Ju-ges of t/is Court fter referring to n- re!3ing upon t/e er!ier Ju-g#ents7 o2ser"e- in Court fter referring to n- re!3ing upon t/e er!ier Ju-g#ents7 o2ser"e- in Kanhaiyalal
Kanhaiyalal " "%% Union of IndiaUnion of India7 s un-er<7 s un-er<
4%.4%. Consi-ering t/e pro"isions of Section ), of t/e NDPS Act n- Consi-ering t/e pro"isions of Section ), of t/e NDPS Act n-t/e "ie6s eBpres
t/e "ie6s eBpresse- 23 se- 23 t/is Court int/is Court in Raj Raj Kumar Kumar Karwal Karwal casecase22 6it/ 6it/
6/ic/ 6e gree7 t/t n officer "este- 6it/ t/e po6ers of n officer 6/ic/ 6e gree7 t/t n officer "este- 6it/ t/e po6ers of n officer in c/rge of po!ice sttion un-er Section 8; of t/e 2o"e Act is not in c/rge of po!ice sttion un-er Section 8; of t/e 2o"e Act is not po!ice officerG 6it/in t/e #ening of Section *8 of t/e E"i-ence po!ice officerG 6it/in t/e #ening of Section *8 of t/e E"i-ence Act7 it is c!er t/t stte#ent #-e un-er Section ), of t/e NDPS Act7 it is c!er t/t stte#ent #-e un-er Section ), of t/e NDPS Act is not t/e s#e s stte#ent #-e un-er Section ) of t/e Act is not t/e s#e s stte#ent #-e un-er Section ) of t/e
1 1 (*++'$ 5 SCC ))' (*++'$ 5 SCC ))' 2 2 (&&+$ * SCC 5+& (&&+$ * SCC 5+&
Co-e7 un!ess #-e un-er t/ret or coercion% It
Co-e7 un!ess #-e un-er t/ret or coercion% It is t/is "it! -ifference7is t/is "it! -ifference7 6/ic/ !!o6s stte#ent #-e un-er Section ),
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fro# t/e opertion of Sections *5 to *, of t/e E"i-ence Actof t/e E"i-ence Act%G%G
'
'%% Ltteerr7 nL 7 noott//eer 2er 2enncc/ of t/ of t6o J6o Juu--ggees of ts of t//iis Cos Couurt irt inn Tofan SinghTofan Singh ""%% St
Statate e of of TTaamimil l NaNadduu;; 66s s oof f tt//e e ""iiee6 6 tt//t t tt//e e ##tttteer r rreeuuiirere- -reconsi-ertion n- t/erefore7 -irecte- t/t t/e #tter 2e p!ce- 2efore reconsi-ertion n- t/erefore7 -irecte- t/t t/e #tter 2e p!ce- 2efore !rger 2
!rger 2enc/% enc/% It 6s It 6s o2ser"e- ino2ser"e- in Tofan SinghTofan Singh (supr$ s un-er< (supr$ s un-er<
&40.
&40. In our "ie6 t/e foresi- -iscussion necessittes re=!oo? into In our "ie6 t/e foresi- -iscussion necessittes re=!oo? into t/
t/e rte rtio ofio of Kanhaiyalal Kanhaiyalal case case% It is #ore so 6/en t/is Court /s% It is #ore so 6/en t/is Court /s !re-3 -ou2te- t/e -ict in
!re-3 -ou2te- t/e -ict in Kanhaiyalal Kanhaiyalal in in Nirmal Singh Pehlwan Nirmal Singh Pehlwan44
6/ere
6/erein in fter noticifter noticing ng 2ot/2ot/ Kanhaiyalal Kanhaiyalal s 6e!! s s 6e!! s Noor Aga Noor Aga557 t/is7 t/is
Court o2ser"e- t/us< (
Court o2ser"e- t/us< ( Nirmal Nirmal Singh Singh PehlwanPehlwan case case7 SCC p% ;+*77 SCC p% ;+*7 pr 8$
pr 8$
1515% % e e !!sso o sseee e tt//t t tt//e e DDii""iissiioon n >>eenncc/ / iinn Kanhaiyalal
Kanhaiyalal case case /- not eB#ine- t/e princip!es n- /- not eB#ine- t/e princip!es n-t/e concepts un-er!3ing Section *8 of n-t/e E"i-ence t/e concepts un-er!3ing Section *8 of t/e E"i-ence Act7 ',* "is=K="is Section +' of t/e Custo#s Act Act7 ',* "is=K="is Section +' of t/e Custo#s Act n
n- - t/t/e e popo66erers s of of CuCuststo#o#s s OfOffificecer r 6/6/o o cocou!u!- -in"estigte n- 2ring for tri! n ccuse- in nrcotic in"estigte n- 2ring for tri! n ccuse- in nrcotic #
#tttterer% % T/T/e e ssi- i- ccse se rere!i!ie- e- eBeBc!c!ususi"i"e!e!3 3 on on t/t/ee 4u-g#ent
4u-g#ent inin Raj Raj Kumar Kumar case case%% T/e !test 4u-g#ent in T/e !test 4u-g#ent in point of ti#e is
point of ti#e is Noor Noor AgaAga case case 6/ic/ /s -e!t "er3 6/ic/ /s -e!t "er3 e!2orte!3 6it/ t/is #tter% e t/us fee! it 6ou!- 2e e!2orte!3 6it/ t/is #tter% e t/us fee! it 6ou!- 2e proper for us to fo!!o6 t/e rtio of t/e 4u-g#ent in proper for us to fo!!o6 t/e rtio of t/e 4u-g#ent in Noor
Noor AgaAga case case pprtrticicu!u!rr!3 !3 s s t/t/e e prpro"o"isisioions ns ofof Section 8+ of t/e Act 6/ic/ re #n-tor3 /"e !so Section 8+ of t/e Act 6/ic/ re #n-tor3 /"e !so not 2een co#p!ie- 6it/%G
not 2een co#p!ie- 6it/%G
3 3 (*+;$ ) SCC ; (*+;$ ) SCC ; 4 4 (*+$ * SCC *&' (*+$ * SCC *&' 5 5 (*++'$ ) SCC 5, (*++'$ ) SCC 5,
41.
41. For t/e foresi- resons7 6e re of t/e "ie6 t/t t/e #tter For t/e foresi- resons7 6e re of t/e "ie6 t/t t/e #tter nee-s to 2e referre- to
nee-s to 2e referre- to !rger >enc/ for reconsi-ertion of t/e issue!rger >enc/ for reconsi-ertion of t/e issue s to 6/et/er t/e officer in"estigting t/e #tter un-er t/e NDPS s to 6/et/er t/e officer in"estigting t/e #tter un-er t/e NDPS Act 6ou!- u!if3 s po!ice officer or not%
Act 6ou!- u!if3 s po!ice officer or not%
42.
42. In t/is conteBt7 t/e ot/er re!te- issue "i% 6/et/er t/e stte#ent In t/is conteBt7 t/e ot/er re!te- issue "i% 6/et/er t/e stte#ent recor-e- 23 t/e in"estigting officer un-er Section ), of t/e Act cn recor-e- 23 t/e in"estigting officer un-er Section ), of t/e Act cn 2e trete- s confession! stte#ent or not7 e"en if t/e officer is not 2e trete- s confession! stte#ent or not7 e"en if t/e officer is not trete- s po!ice officer !so nee-s to 2e referre- to t/e !rger >enc/7 trete- s po!ice officer !so nee-s to 2e referre- to t/e !rger >enc/7 ins#uc/ s it is inter#iBe- 6it/ fcet of t/e st issue s to ins#uc/ s it is inter#iBe- 6it/ fcet of t/e st issue s to 6/et/er suc/ stte#ent is to 2e trete- s stte#ent un-er Section 6/et/er suc/ stte#ent is to 2e trete- s stte#ent un-er Section ) of t/e Co-e or it prt?es t/e c/rcter of stte#ent un-er ) of t/e Co-e or it prt?es t/e c/rcter of stte#ent un-er Section )5 of t/e Co-e%G
Section )5 of t/e Co-e%G
&%
&% T/us t/T/us t/e isse issuue e 6/6/etet/e/er r ststttee#e#ent rent recocor-r-e- une- un--eer r SeSectctiion ), of t/on ), of t/ee NDPS Act cn 2e construe- s confession! stte#ent e"en if t/e officer NDPS Act cn 2e construe- s confession! stte#ent e"en if t/e officer 6/o recor-e- suc/ stte#ent 6s not to 2e trete- s po!ice officer7 /s 6/o recor-e- suc/ stte#ent 6s not to 2e trete- s po!ice officer7 /s no6 2een referre- to
no6 2een referre- to !rger >enc/%!rger >enc/%
+
+%% E"E"en ien if 6e rf 6e re to pe to procroceeee- on t/- on t/e pre pre#e#isise t/e t/t sut suc/ stc/ sttte#e#enent unt un-e-err Section ), of t/e NDPS Act #3 #ount to confession7 in our "ie67 certin Section ), of t/e NDPS Act #3 #ount to confession7 in our "ie67 certin --ition! fetures #ust 2e est2!is/e- 2efore suc/ confession! stte#ent --ition! fetures #ust 2e est2!is/e- 2efore suc/ confession! stte#ent cou
cou!- 2e !- 2e re!re!ie- upoie- upon ginn ginst st co=co=ccccuseuse-% -% It is It is notnote6oe6ort/rt/3 t/t un!i3 t/t un!i?e?e Se
Sectctioion n 8 8 of of TTererrororirist st nn- - DiDisrsrupuptiti"e "e AcActiti"i"itities es AcAct7 t7 &&',',)) 6/ic/ 6/ic/ spe
specifcificic!!3 !!3 #?#?es es conconfesfessiosion n of of co=co=ccccuseuse- - -#-#ississi2!i2!e e gginsinst t ot/ot/erer c
ccucusese- - in in cecertrtiin n e"e"enentutu!!ititieies s t/t/erere e is is no no susuc/ c/ sisi#i#i!!r r or or i-i-enentiticc!! pro"ision in t/e NDPS Act #?ing suc/ confession -#issi2!e ginst co= pro"ision in t/e NDPS Act #?ing suc/ confession -#issi2!e ginst co= 6
6
Si#i!r!3< Section ' of M/rs/tr Contro! of Orgnise- Cri#e Act7 &&& Si#i!r!3< Section ' of M/rs/tr Contro! of Orgnise- Cri#e Act7 &&&
cc
ccuseuse-% -% T/e #tT/e #tter t/eter t/ereforefore /s to 2e re /s to 2e seeseen in n in t/e !igt/e !ig/t of t/e !6 !i-/t of t/e !6 !i--o6n 23 t/is Court s regr-s gener! pp!iction of confession of co= -o6n 23 t/is Court s regr-s gener! pp!iction of confession of co= ccuse- s ginst ot/er ccuse-%
ccuse- s ginst ot/er ccuse-%
%% IInn Kashmira Kashmira SinghSingh ""%% State of Madhya PradeshState of Madhya Pradesh,,7 t/is Court re!ie-7 t/is Court re!ie-upon t/e -ecision of t/e Pri"3 Counci! in
upon t/e -ecision of t/e Pri"3 Counci! in Bhuboni Bhuboni SahuSahu ""%% The KingThe King'' n- n-!i- -o6n s un-er<
!i- -o6n s un-er<
@uru2c/ns confession /s p!3e- n i#portnt prt @uru2c/ns confession /s p!3e- n i#portnt prt inin i#p!i
i#p!ictincting g t/e ppe!!nt/e ppe!!nt7 n- t7 n- t/e uestion t t/e uestion t once rises7 /o6once rises7 /o6 fr n- in 6/t 63 t/e confession of n ccuse- person cn 2e fr n- in 6/t 63 t/e confession of n ccuse- person cn 2e use- ginst co=ccuse- It is
use- ginst co=ccuse- It is e"i-ent t/t it is not e"i-ence ine"i-ent t/t it is not e"i-ence in t/e or-inr3 sense of t/e ter# 2ecuse7 s t/e Pri"3 Counci! s3 t/e or-inr3 sense of t/e ter# 2ecuse7 s t/e Pri"3 Counci! s3 in
in Bhuboni Sahu Bhuboni Sahu ""%% The KingThe King It -oes not in-ee- co#e 6it/in It -oes not in-ee- co#e 6it/in t/
t/e e -e-efifininitition on ofof ee"i"i-e-encnce e cocontntiinene- - inin sesectctioion n ;; oof f tt//ee E"i-ence Act%7 It is not reuire- to 2e gi"en on ot/7 nor in t/e E"i-ence Act%7 It is not reuire- to 2e gi"en on ot/7 nor in t/e pre
presesencnce e of of t/t/e e cccucusese-7 -7 nn- - it it ccnnnnot ot 2e 2e tetestste- e- 23 23 crcrososs=s= eB
eB#i#innttioionn% % T/T/eieir r LoLor-r-ss/i/ipps s !s!so o ppoioinnt t oout ut tt//t t iit t iiss o2"ious!3 e"i-ence of "er3 6e? t3pe%%%%%%%%% It is #uc/ o2"ious!3 e"i-ence of "er3 6e? t3pe%%%%%%%%% It is #uc/ 6e
6e?er ?er t3pt3pe e of of e"ie"i-en-ence ce t/t/n n t/e t/e e"ie"i-en-ence ce of of n n ppppro"ro"erer77 6/ic/ is not su24ect to n3
6/ic/ is not su24ect to n3 of t/ose infir#ities%of t/ose infir#ities% T/e3 stte- in --ition t/t suc/
T/e3 stte- in --ition t/t suc/ confession cnnot 2e #-econfession cnnot 2e #-e ti!e foun-tion of con"iction n- cn on!3 2e use- in support of ti!e foun-tion of con"iction n- cn on!3 2e use- in support of ot/er e"i-ence% In "ie6 of t/ese re#r?s it 6ou!- 2e point!ess to ot/er e"i-ence% In "ie6 of t/ese re#r?s it 6ou!- 2e point!ess to co"er t/e s#e groun-7 2ut 6e fee! it is necessr3 to eBpoun- t/is co"er t/e s#e groun-7 2ut 6e fee! it is necessr3 to eBpoun- t/is furt/er s #isppre/ension sti!! eBists% T/e uestion is7 in 6/t 63 furt/er s #isppre/ension sti!! eBists% T/e uestion is7 in 6/t 63 cn it 2e use- in support of ot/er e"i-ence Cn it 2e use- to fi!! in cn it 2e use- in support of ot/er e"i-ence Cn it 2e use- to fi!! in #issing gps Cn it 2e use- to corro2orte n cco#p!ice or7 s in #issing gps Cn it 2e use- to corro2orte n cco#p!ice or7 s in t/e present cse7 6itness 6/o7 t/oug/ not n cco#p!ice7 is t/e present cse7 6itness 6/o7 t/oug/ not n cco#p!ice7 is p!ce-in t/e s#e ctegor3 regr-p!ce-ing cre-i2i!it3 2ecuse t/e 4u-ge refuses in t/e s#e ctegor3 regr-ing cre-i2i!it3 2ecuse t/e 4u-ge refuses to 2e!ie"e /i# eBcept in so fr s /e
to 2e!ie"e /i# eBcept in so fr s /e is corro2orte- is corro2orte-
7 7 (&8*$ SCR 8*) (&8*$ SCR 8*) 8 8
(&5&$ ,) In-in Appe! 5, t 88 (&5&$ ,) In-in Appe! 5, t 88
In
In our our opiopinionion7 n7 t/e #ttet/e #tter r 66s s put put susucciccinctnct!3 !3 23 23 SiSir r LL6r6rencencee Jen?ins in
Jen?ins in m!eror m!eror ""%% "alit "alit Mohan Mohan #hu$%erbut#hu$%erbuttyty&& 6/ere /e si- 6/ere /e
si-t/t suc/ confession cn on!3 2e use- to !en- ssurnce to ot/er t/t suc/ confession cn on!3 2e use- to !en- ssurnce to ot/er e"i-ence ginst co=ccuse- or7 to put it in not/er 637 s Rei!!3 e"i-ence ginst co=ccuse- or7 to put it in not/er 637 s Rei!!3 J% -i- in In
J% -i- in In re Periyaswami Moo!anre Periyaswami Moo!an++
t/e pro"ision goes no furt/er t/n t/is==6/ere t/ere is t/e pro"ision goes no furt/er t/n t/is==6/ere t/ere is e"i-ence ginst t/e co=ccuse- sufficient7 if 2e!ie"e-7 e"i-ence ginst t/e co=ccuse- sufficient7 if 2e!ie"e-7 to support /is con"iction7 t/en t/e ?in- of confession to support /is con"iction7 t/en t/e ?in- of confession -e= scri2e- in
-e= scri2e- in section ;+section ;+ #3 2e t/ro6n into t/e sc!e #3 2e t/ro6n into t/e sc!e s n --ition! reson for
s n --ition! reson for 2e!ie"ing t/t e"i-ence%2e!ie"ing t/t e"i-ence%
Trns!ting t/ese o2ser"tions into concrete ter#s t/e3 co#e Trns!ting t/ese o2ser"tions into concrete ter#s t/e3 co#e to t/is% T/e proper 63 to pproc/ cse of t/is ?in- is7 first7 to to t/is% T/e proper 63 to pproc/ cse of t/is ?in- is7 first7 to #rs/! t/e e"i-ence ginst t/e ccuse- eBc!u-ing t/e confession #rs/! t/e e"i-ence ginst t/e ccuse- eBc!u-ing t/e confession !toget/er fro# consi-ertion n- see 6/et/er7 if it is 2e!ie"e-7 !toget/er fro# consi-ertion n- see 6/et/er7 if it is 2e!ie"e-7 con"iction cou!- sfe!3 2e 2se- on it% If it is cp2!e of 2e!ief con"iction cou!- sfe!3 2e 2se- on it% If it is cp2!e of 2e!ief in-epen-ent!3 of t/e confession7 t/en of course it is not necessr3 to in-epen-ent!3 of t/e confession7 t/en of course it is not necessr3 to c!! t/e confession in i-% >ut cses #3 rise 6/ere t/e 4u-ge is not c!! t/e confession in i-% >ut cses #3 rise 6/ere t/e 4u-ge is not prepre- to ct on t/e ot/er e"i-ence s it stn-s e"en t/oug/7 if prepre- to ct on t/e ot/er e"i-ence s it stn-s e"en t/oug/7 if 2e!ie"e-7 it 6ou!- 2e sufficient to sustin con"iction% In suc/ n 2e!ie"e-7 it 6ou!- 2e sufficient to sustin con"iction% In suc/ n e"ent t/e 4u-ge #3 c!! in i- t/e confession n- use it to e"ent t/e 4u-ge #3 c!! in i- t/e confession n- use it to !en-ssurnce to t/e ot/er e"i-ence n- t/us fortif3 /i#se!f in 2e!ie"ing ssurnce to t/e ot/er e"i-ence n- t/us fortif3 /i#se!f in 2e!ie"ing 6/t 6it/out t/e i- of t/e confession /e 6ou!- not 2e prepre- to 6/t 6it/out t/e i- of t/e confession /e 6ou!- not 2e prepre- to ccept%G
ccept%G
**%% TT//e !e !6 !6 !ii- -- -oo66n in inn Kashmira Kashmira SinghSingh (supra)(supra) 6s ppro"e- 23 6s ppro"e- 23 Constitution >enc/ of t/is Court in
Constitution >enc/ of t/is Court in &ari &ari #haran #haran Kurmi Kurmi and and 'ogia &'ogia &ajamajam "
"%% State of Bihar State of Bihar 6/erein it 6s o2ser"e-< 6/erein it 6s o2ser"e-<
&
&As As 6e 6e //"e "e !!rere--3 3 inin-i-icctete-7 -7 t/t/is is uuesestition on //s s 2e2eenen consi-ere- on se"er! occsions 23 4u-ici! -ecisions n- it /s consi-ere- on se"er! occsions 23 4u-ici! -ecisions n- it /s 2een2een consistent!3 /e!- t/t confession cnnot 2e trete- s e"i-ence consistent!3 /e!- t/t confession cnnot 2e trete- s e"i-ence 6/i
6/ic/ c/ is is su2su2ststntinti"e "e e"ie"i-en-ence ce ggininst st co=co=ccccuseuse- - perpersonson% % InIn -e!ing 6it/ cri#in! cse 6/ere t/e prosecution re!ies upon t/e -e!ing 6it/ cri#in! cse 6/ere t/e prosecution re!ies upon t/e confession of one ccuse- person ginst not/er ccuse- person7 confession of one ccuse- person ginst not/er ccuse- person7
9 9
& I%L%R% ;' CA!% 88& t 8'' & I%L%R% ;' CA!% 88& t 8''
10 10 &; I%L%R% 85 M-% ,8 t ,,% &; I%L%R% 85 M-% ,8 t ,,% 11 11 (&)5$ ) SCR )*; t );=);; (&)5$ ) SCR )*; t );=);;
t/
t/e e prpropoper er ppprprooc/ c/ to to --opopt t is is to to coconsnsi-i-er er t/t/e e otot/e/er r e"e"i-i-enencece ginst suc/ n ccuse- person7 n- if t/e si- e"i-ence ppers to ginst suc/ n ccuse- person7 n- if t/e si- e"i-ence ppers to 2e stisfctor3 n- t/e court is
2e stisfctor3 n- t/e court is inc!ine- to /o!- t/t t/e inc!ine- to /o!- t/t t/e si- e"i-encesi- e"i-ence #3 sustin t/e c/rge fr#e- ginst t/e si- ccuse- person7 t/e #3 sustin t/e c/rge fr#e- ginst t/e si- ccuse- person7 t/e court turns to t/e confession 6it/ "ie6 to ssure itse!f t/t t/e court turns to t/e confession 6it/ "ie6 to ssure itse!f t/t t/e conc!usion 6/ic/ it is inc!ine- to -r6 fro# t/e ot/er e"i-ence is conc!usion 6/ic/ it is inc!ine- to -r6 fro# t/e ot/er e"i-ence is rig/t% As 6s o2ser"e- 23 Sir L6rence Jen?ins in
rig/t% As 6s o2ser"e- 23 Sir L6rence Jen?ins in m!eror m!eror "% "% "alit "alit Mohan
Mohan #hu$%erburt#hu$%erburtyy confession cn on!3 2e use- to !en- confession cn on!3 2e use- to !en-ssssuurrnncce e tto o oott//eer r ee""ii--eenncce e ggiinnsst t ccoo==ccccuussee--GG% % IInn rere Peri
Periyaswayaswami mi Moo!aMoo!ann Re"!!y Re"!!y% % J%J%7 7 o2o2seser"r"e- e- t/t/t t t/t/e e prpro"o"isisioion n ofof Section ;+ goes not furt/er t/n t/is< 6/ere t/ere is e"i-ence Section ;+ goes not furt/er t/n t/is< 6/ere t/ere is e"i-ence g
giinsnst t t/t/e e coco==ccccususe- e- susufffficicieientnt7 7 if if 2e2e!i!ie"e"e-e-7 7 to to susupppporort t /i/iss con"iction7 t/en t/e ?in- of confession -escri2e- in Section ;+ #3 con"iction7 t/en t/e ?in- of confession -escri2e- in Section ;+ #3 2e t/ro6n into t/e sc!e s n --ition! reson for 2e!ie"ing t/t 2e t/ro6n into t/e sc!e s n --ition! reson for 2e!ie"ing t/t e"
e"ii-e-ennceceGG% % InIn Bhuboni Bhuboni SahuSahu ""%% King King t/t/e e PrPri"i"3 3 CoCoununcici! ! //ss eBpresse- t/e s#e "ie6% Sir Jo/n >eu#ont 6/o spo?e for t/e eBpresse- t/e s#e "ie6% Sir Jo/n >eu#ont 6/o spo?e for t/e >or-7 o2ser"e- t/t confession of co=ccuse- is o2"ious!3 >or-7 o2ser"e- t/t confession of co=ccuse- is o2"ious!3 e"i-ence of "er3 6e? t3pe% It -oes not in-ee- co#e 6it/in t/e e"i-ence of "er3 6e? t3pe% It -oes not in-ee- co#e 6it/in t/e -efinition of e"i-enceG contine- in Section ; of t/e E"i-ence Act% -efinition of e"i-enceG contine- in Section ; of t/e E"i-ence Act% It is not reuire- to 2e gi"en on ot/7 nor in t/e presence of t/e It is not reuire- to 2e gi"en on ot/7 nor in t/e presence of t/e ccuse-7 n- it cnnot 2e teste- 23 cross=eB#intion% It is #uc/ ccuse-7 n- it cnnot 2e teste- 23 cross=eB#intion% It is #uc/ 6e?er t3pe of e"i-ence t/n t/e e"i-ence of n ppro"er7 6/ic/ is 6e?er t3pe of e"i-ence t/n t/e e"i-ence of n ppro"er7 6/ic/ is not su24ect to n3 of
not su24ect to n3 of t/ose infir#ities% Section ;+7 /o6e"ert/ose infir#ities% Section ;+7 /o6e"er7 pro"i-es7 pro"i-es t/
t/t t t/t/e e cocoururt t ##3 3 tt?e ?e t/t/e e coconfnfesessision on ininto to coconsnsi-i-ererttioion n nn- -t/ere23
t/ere237 no -ou2t7 #?es it 7 no -ou2t7 #?es it e"i-ence on 6/ic/ t/e court #3 ct 2ute"i-ence on 6/ic/ t/e court #3 ct 2ut t/e section -oes not s3 t/t t/e confession is to #ount to proof% t/e section -oes not s3 t/t t/e confession is to #ount to proof% C!er!3 t/ere #ust 2e ot/er e"i-ence% T/e confession is on!3 one C!er!3 t/ere #ust 2e ot/er e"i-ence% T/e confession is on!3 one e!e#ent in t/e consi-ertion of !! t/e fcts pro"e- t/e
e!e#ent in t/e consi-ertion of !! t/e fcts pro"e- t/e cse it cn 2ecse it cn 2e put into t/e sc!e n- 6eig/e- 6it/ t/e ot/er e"i-enceG% It 6ou!- 2e put into t/e sc!e n- 6eig/e- 6it/ t/e ot/er e"i-enceG% It 6ou!- 2e notice- t/t s resu!t of t/e pro"isions contine- in Section ;+7 t/e notice- t/t s resu!t of t/e pro"isions contine- in Section ;+7 t/e confession /s no -ou2t to 2e regr-e- s #ounting to e"i-ence in confession /s no -ou2t to 2e regr-e- s #ounting to e"i-ence in
gegenenerr! ! 66337 7 2e2eccususe e 6/6/tte"e"er er is is coconsnsi-i-erere- e- 23 23 t/t/e e cocoururt t isis e"i-ence circu#stnce
e"i-ence circu#stnces 6/ic/ re s 6/ic/ re consi-ere- 23 t/e court consi-ere- 23 t/e court s 6e!! ss 6e!! s pro22i!ities -o #ount to e"i-ence in t/t generic sense% T/us7 pro22i!ities -o #ount to e"i-ence in t/t generic sense% T/us7 t/oug/ confession #3 2e regr-e- s
t/oug/ confession #3 2e regr-e- s e"i-ence in t/t generic sensee"i-ence in t/t generic sense 2ecuse of t/e pro"isions of Section ;+7 t/e
2ecuse of t/e pro"isions of Section ;+7 t/e fct re#ins t/t it is notfct re#ins t/t it is not e"i-ence s -efine- 23 Section ; of t/e Act% T/e resu!t7 t/erefore7 is e"i-ence s -efine- 23 Section ; of t/e Act% T/e resu!t7 t/erefore7 is t/t in -e!ing 6it/ cse ginst n ccuse- person7 t/e court t/t in -e!ing 6it/ cse ginst n ccuse- person7 t/e court cnnot strt 6it/ t/e confession of co=ccuse- person it #ust cnnot strt 6it/ t/e confession of co=ccuse- person it #ust 2egin 6it/ ot/er e"i-ence --uce- 23 t/e prosecution n- fter it 2egin 6it/ ot/er e"i-ence --uce- 23 t/e prosecution n- fter it /s for#e- its opinion 6it/ regr- to t/e u!it3 n- effect of t/e /s for#e- its opinion 6it/ regr- to t/e u!it3 n- effect of t/e si- e"i-ence7 t/en it is per#issi2!e to turn to t/e confession in or-er si- e"i-ence7 t/en it is per#issi2!e to turn to t/e confession in or-er to recei"e ssurnce to t/e conc!usion of gui!t 6/ic/ t/e 4u-ici! to recei"e ssurnce to t/e conc!usion of gui!t 6/ic/ t/e 4u-ici!
#in- is 2out to rec/ on t/e si- ot/er e"i-ence% T/t7 2rief!3 #in- is 2out to rec/ on t/e si- ot/er e"i-ence% T/t7 2rief!3 stte-7 is t/e effect of t/e pro"isions contine- in Section ;+% T/e stte-7 is t/e effect of t/e pro"isions contine- in Section ;+% T/e s#e "ie6 /s 2een eBpresse- 23 t/is Court in
s#e "ie6 /s 2een eBpresse- 23 t/is Court in Kashmira Kashmira SinghSingh ""%% State of Madhya Pradesh
State of Madhya Pradesh 6/ere t/e -ecision of t/e Pri"3 Counci! in 6/ere t/e -ecision of t/e Pri"3 Counci! in Bhuboni Sahu
Bhuboni Sahu case case /s 2een cite- 6it/ ppro"!%G /s 2een cite- 6it/ ppro"!%G
;
;%% T/T/e !6 se !6 so !io !i- -o- -o6n /6n /s !6s !633s 2ees 2een fo!n fo!!o!o6e6e- 23 t/- 23 t/is Cois Coururt eBt eBceceptpt in cses 6/ere t/ere is
in cses 6/ere t/ere is specific pro"ision in !6 #?ing suc/ confession ofspecific pro"ision in !6 #?ing suc/ confession of co=ccuse- -#issi2!e ginst not/er ccuse-%
co=ccuse- -#issi2!e ginst not/er ccuse-%**
55%% In In tt//e e pprreesseennt t ccsse e iit t iis s cccceeppttee- - tt//t t pprt rt ffroro# # tt//e e ffooreressii- -stte#ents of co=ccuse- t/ere is no #teri! suggesting in"o!"e#ent of t/e stte#ents of co=ccuse- t/ere is no #teri! suggesting in"o!"e#ent of t/e ppe!
ppe!!nt in t/e cri#e in uestio!nt in t/e cri#e in uestion% n% e re t/us !eft 6it/ on!3 one piece ofe re t/us !eft 6it/ on!3 one piece of #t
#terieri! ! t/t/t t is is t/e t/e conconfesfessiosion! n! ststte#te#entents s of of t/e t/e co=co=ccccuseuse- - s s ststte- te-2
2o"o"ee% % On On t/t/e e ttououcc/s/sttonone e of of !!6 6 !!ii- - -o-o6n 6n 23 t/i23 t/is s CCouourt rt susuc/ c/ co
confenfessssioionn! ! ststtte#e#enent t of of coco==ccccususe- e- ccnnnnot ot 23 23 ititsese!f !f 2e 2e tt?e?en n s s su2stnti"e piece of e"i-ence ginst not/er co=ccuse- n- cn t 2est 2e su2stnti"e piece of e"i-ence ginst not/er co=ccuse- n- cn t 2est 2e use- or uti!
use- or uti!ie- in or-eie- in or-er to !en- ssurr to !en- ssurnce to t/e Courtnce to t/e Court% % In t/e 2senIn t/e 2sence ofce of n3 su2stnti"e e"i-ence it 6ou!- 2e inpproprite to 2se t/e con"iction of n3 su2stnti"e e"i-ence it 6ou!- 2e inpproprite to 2se t/e con"iction of t/e ppe
t/e ppe!!!!nt pure!nt pure!3 3 on t/e on t/e ststte#te#entents s of co=cof co=ccuscuse-% e-% T/e ppeT/e ppe!!!!nt isnt is t/ere
t/erefore entit!fore entit!e- to 2e e- to 2e cuicuitte- of t/e c/rgette- of t/e c/rges !e"e!e- gins !e"e!e- ginst /i#% st /i#% e7e7 t/erefore7 ccept t/is ppe!7 set si-e t/e or-ers of con"iction n- sentence t/erefore7 ccept t/is ppe!7 set si-e t/e or-ers of con"iction n- sentence
12 12
For eB#p!e< Stte "s% N!ini7 (&&&$ 8 SCC *8;7 prs 5*5 n- ,+5 For eB#p!e< Stte "s% N!ini7 (&&&$ 8 SCC *8;7 prs 5*5 n- ,+5
n- cuit t/e pp
n- cuit t/e ppe!!nt% e!!nt% T/e ppe!!nt s/!! 2T/e ppe!!nt s/!! 2e re!ese- fort/6it/ un!ess /ise re!ese- fort/6it/ un!ess /is custo-3 is reuire- in connection 6it/ n3 ot/er offence%
custo-3 is reuire- in connection 6it/ n3 ot/er offence%
0%%%00%%00000%J% 0%%%00%%00000%J%
(A2/3
(A2/3 Mno/r Mno/r Spre$Spre$
%%0%%0000%000%J% %%0%%0000%000%J% (U-3 U#es/ L!it$
(U-3 U#es/ L!it$ Ne6 De!/i7
Ne6 De!/i7 Ju!3 ;7 *+' Ju!3 ;7 *+'