Inflow-outflow infiltration measurement accuracy

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INFLOW-OUTFLOW INFILTRATION MEASUREMENT ACCURACY

By Thomas J. TroutO Member, ASCE, and Bruce E. Mackey 2 Ammar: •Furrow infiltration and Channel seepage are often measured With inflow-outflow measurements. Inaccuracy in the flow measurement •

will cause a larger uncertainty in the calculated infiltration. The infiltra-tion rate determinainfiltra-tion uncertainty increases rapidly as the percent of the inflow that is infiltrated decreases. The effect of meaSurernent uncertainty on infiltration measurements can be estimated so that the' confidence interval of a mean or the actual infiltration variability level can be determined.

INTRODUCTION

Soil infiltration rate is a critical parameter in the design and evaluation of irrigation systems.-A common method of measuring infiltration rate under graded surface irrigation is the inflow-outflow method, in which infiltration rate is calculated as the difference between measured water inflow and outflow rate from a furrow or border section. The technique is also used to determine water loss from conveyance channels. Inaccuracy inherent in flow measurement will cause uncertainty in the measured infiltration rate. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of measured infiltration to flow Mea-surement uncertainty and indicates' achievable infiltration meaMea-surement accuracy and procedures to maximike -accuracy. The analysis 'Provides engineers and soil scientists with the tools required to prdVide a statistical basis for the uncertainty in infiltration measurements.

FLOW 'MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

Scatter in a set of data, such as the random deviations of measured values around the true value, is described by the variance V or its,,squate root, the standard deviation s. The uncertainty of a measurement refers to the interval within which the true value lies with a certain confidence or

probability P. Uncertainty lithits E rare careidated froth :the Student's t-statistic, based on the desired probability level and the degrees-of-freedom involved in determining .5. and on n, the number of measurements

made as follows

ts

E= T1

'Agric. Engr., USDA-Agric. Res. Service. Route 1, Box 186, Kimberly, ID 83341.

2Statistician, USDA, Agric. Res. Service, Western Regional Res. Ctr., 8Q0 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710.

Note. Discussion open until October 1, 1988: Separate discussions should be submitted for the individual papers in this symposium. To extend the closing date one month, a written request must be filed with the ASCE Manager of Journals. The manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publicaliOn on

December 4, 1986. This paper is part of the Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

Engineering, Vol. 114, No. 2, May, 1988. ©ASCE, ISSN 0733 79437/88/0002

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(6)

Subscripts

D

1

IM IT Q1 ,Q2

R

R1

R2

1

2 = difference of two.

• infiltration;

-

measured infiltration;

• true, infiltration; },,

= inflow measurement;

=' 0utflow.measurement;

= reading;

= inflow; device reading;

= outflow device reading;

= inflow device or , measurentent;

and-= outflow device or measurement.

fluid flow: estimation of undertainty of a flow rate mgasurement.." International

Standard ISO 5168, 1978(E) (available from ANSI, New Xork, N.Y.).

Kendall, M. G., and

.

Stuart,.A. (1963). The advanced theory OfstatisticC. 2nd Ed.;

Vol. 1, Hafner, New York, N.Y.,'232.

Steele, R. G. D., and Torrie, J. J. (1960). Principles and procedures of statistics.