Review Class Day 9 Zionism
As nationalism/patriotism grew in Europe during the 1800s, many became ______________________ of those they saw as “outsiders”
__________________
__________________ (= violent attack on a Jewish community) in __________________ & ______________ Many began to move to ___________________ & establish farming communities
1896: first formal call for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine 1917: _______________________________
Letter written by a British Zionist calling for a _____________________________________
What was the main goal of Zionism?
(1) forming a representative government in China
(2) establishing a Jewish homeland in the region of Palestine
(3) improving the standard of living in developing countries
(4) creating an international peacekeeping organization to solve global conflicts
Which letter represents the location of a country created in part as a result of the
Zionist movement?
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
Imperialism in India
The company employed Indian soldiers called ________________
1857: Sepoy Munity: Hindu & Muslim soldiers angered by BEIC’s lack of respect for their religion, BEIC lost control, ___________________________ took direct command of the country = ______________________ The _______________________ was formed in 1885
Mostly ___________________ professionals & business leaders
At first, called for more equal opportunity for Indians to participate in a democratic government Hoped India would modernize & become more westernized
The ________________________ was formed in 1906
Muslims didn’t trust that the INC would serve in their best interests Many called for the formation of a ___________________ Muslim state Push for Indian self-rule & independence increased after _____________________
A goal of the Sepoy Rebellion in India and of the Zulu Resistance in South Africa was to
(1) divide their country
(2) establish theocratic governments
(3) oppose nationalist movements
(4) end foreign control
Prior to 1947, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League worked together
seeking to end (1) nonviolence
(2) foreign rule
(3) religious diversity
(4) nonalignment
Which goal was most important to the Indian nationalist movement?
(1) independence from British rule
(2) establishing a laissez-faire economy
(3) forming a totalitarian state
(4) expansion of territory
Turkey & Nationalism
In the 1800s-early 1900s, the Ottoman Empire was viewed as the “______________________________” by European nations. Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania & Bulgaria gained their independence
The Young Turks established a movement in the 1890s
Goals were to strengthen the Ottoman empire & end ____________________________ Overthrew the sultan in 1908 & took control of the government
Young Turks massacred more than _________________ Armenians (Christians) because they claimed that they had plotted with _____________ against the _____________________
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) Balkan Wars (1912-13) World War I (1914-1918)
The clothes worn by Mohandas Gandhi of India and by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk of
Turkey indicate the desire of these leaders to
(1) conform to traditional religious beliefs
(2) adapt to the cultural norms of urban life
(3) protest the oppression of communist rule
(4) make a political statement to their respective nations
Both leaders were known for their commitment to
(1) Islamic fundamentalism
(3) civil disobedience
(2) nationalist movements
(4) five-year plans
Japan & the Meiji Restoration
Japan had remained ___________________ from 1650-1850
In 1854 American ___________________________ presented a letter to the Japanese requesting that they open ports to trade
When the Shogun signed the treaty, the Japanese people had various reactions, from approval to strong disapproval; he ended up being overthrown
Government representatives traveled abroad to learn more about ____________________; foreigners also invited to Japan
Government-built factories Improved infrastructure =
Established a _______________ government modeled after ______________, some elected representatives Strengthened & modernized the army & navy
-Soon, the quickly growing industrial economy of Japan caused an increased need for natural resources Depended on trade to obtain raw materials as well as a markets = a place to sell finished products Sino-Japanese War v. ________________ (1894-95)
Gained Formosa (Taiwan) & ports in ________________ Russo-Japanese War v. _________________ (1904-05)
Gained control of _____________ & ________________________
Commodore Matthew Perry is best known for taking which action?
(1) leading the British East India Company
(2) rescuing Europeans during the Boxer Rebellion
(3) justifying European spheres of influence in China
(4) opening Japan to American and European influences
Which geographic characteristic of Japan most influenced its decision to engage in
imperialism in the early to mid-20th century?
(1) mountainous terrain
(2) lack of natural resources
(3) abundance of rivers
(4) island location
Which action did Japan take during the Meiji Restoration?
(1) established a social system to benefit the samurai
(2) sent experts to learn from modern Western nations
(3) allowed communist ideas to dominate its government
(4) started an ambitious program to expel foreign manufacturers
• Sino-Japanese War 1894–1895
• Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
• Annexation of Korea 1910
These events in the history of Japan reflect its
(1) resistance to trade
(4) emergence as an imperialistic country
What is the primary focus of this map?
(1) population density
(2) imperialism
(3) resource distribution
(4) urbanization
New Imperialism
1870-1914, focused mainly on ____________ & _____________
Vulnerable because of declining empires, local wars & the slave trade Nationalism & ______________________
Attitude that nations had the right to take over weaker nations
Charles Darwin’s theory of “____________________________” was applied to competition between nations “_______________________” = based on a poem, the idea that white imperialists had a moral duty to educate people in nations they considered less developed
Military motives
Power, security, base to re-supply ships (GEOPOLITICS) Economic Motives
Need for __________________ & __________________ to support industrial production Imperialism in Africa
Started in the ____________
King Leopold II of Belgium lied to local chiefs, claiming that he was getting involved in order to abolish the slave trade
__________________ = belief that one race is superior to others
Europeans believed they were better because of their advanced technology
White Man’s Burden = Europeans believed they had the right & duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries
___________________________ -1884-85
Any country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims & showing they could control the area
Gave ______________________ thought to how African _________________________ groups were distributed ______ African rulers attended this conference
By 1914 only ______________ & ________________ remained free from European control
Lesson Quiz
The “Middle East” is not a term Middle Easterners gave themselves, but a British term
borne of a colonial, European perspective. The term’s origins are seeped [steeped] in
controversy for having originally been a European imposition of geographic perspective
according to European spheres of influence. East from where? From London. Why
“Middle”? Because it was half-way between the United Kingdom and India, the FarEast.
…
— Pierre Tristam, “What is the Middle East?”
1. Which term is most closely associated with the main idea of this passage?
(1) interdependence
(3) containment
(2) pacifism
(4) ethnocentrism
2. Early exploration of Africa by Europeans was hindered by the
(1) lack of natural resources in Africa
(2) alliances between African kingdoms
(3) isolationist policies of European monarchs
(4) many different physical features of Africa
3. The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it
(1) promoted Belgium as a world power
(2) established rules for the European division of Africa
(3) called for a war against England
(4) ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East
4. Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three?
(1) Rival tribal groups fought wars.
(2) The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.
(3) Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented.
China: Isolation & Imperialism
_______________ rulers refused to adopt ___________________ ways (1644-late 1700s) _______________________ (1839)
Fought against the _________________ over _________________________ Britain had superior power, won quickly
______________________________ (1842) China had to pay for Britain's war costs Gave Britain Hong Kong
China forced to sign ___________________________ Western powers carved out __________________________ ____________________________ (1850-64)
Chinese peasants revolted against the Qing government Millions died, __________________ China
______________________________ (1900)
Chinese rebellion against ____________________________ Put down by the Japanese & westerners
Led to more Chinese calling for ________________________ reforms The Chinese Revolution
Led by ___________________
Goals were to end _______________________, form a _______________________________ Create __________________________ for the Chinese people
2.
*Opium War (1839-1842)
*Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
*Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901)
This series of events is most closely associated with the
(1)Spread of communism to China and Korea
(2)Growing concerns about the influence of the West in China
(3)Alliance formed between Vietnam and China
(4)Increasing expansion of civil and political rights in China
What was an immediate result of the Opium War described in this passage?
(1) signing the Treaty of Nanking
The terms spheres of influence, extraterritoriality, and mandates are most closely
associated with
(1) collective security
(2) imperialism
(3) militarism
(4) self-sufficiency
Colonizer’s Logic
These natives are unintelligent
— We can’t understand their language.
Chinweizu (Nigeria) — Voices from Twentieth-Century Africa: Griots and Towncriers
The “logic” of the colonizers described in this Nigerian poem reflects their
(1) utopian plan
(2) educational goals
(3) militaristic behavior
(4) ethnocentric attitude
Causes of World War I ___________________
the scramble for colonies caused rivalries ___________________
aggressive buildup of a nation’s armed forces in preparation for war ___________________
countries acted in their own self-interests AND longing of an ethnic minority for independence often caused violence
root of the war = a _________________ dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia over Bosnia ___________________
______________________ (1815) meeting of European leaders that attempted to create a
“______________________________________” in Europe to establish long-term peace, but German unification in the 1870s threw this off
In an attempt to protect themselves, European powers formed alliances that bound the great powers to come to other’s aid in the event of an attack: “Triple Alliance” & “Triple Entente”
The Chain Reaction
a Bosnian terrorist _______________________ Archduke Francis (Franz) Ferdinand in 1914 because he believed that Austria-Hungary had no right to rule Bosnia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, allies joined in The War in in Europe
Allies =
Relatively equal in size & strength; soon reached a stalemate modern warfare techniques:
_____________________________________________________________(charging into no man’s land was a death wish, but generals often called for such tactics)
Global “Peace”
Wilson’s Fourteen Points called for an end to entangling alliances & dealt with issues regarding keeping the peace after WWI
He hoped it would form the basis for peace negotiations, but it began to unravel ___________________________
The allies were interested in spoils = _____________________ of war Wanted to divide up Germany’s colonies
The French wanted ________________________ of Germany
___________________: $33 billion for economic injury during the war This laid the foundation for Hitler’s rise to power & later WW2
______________________________
An organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure _______________ & ________________ for all members
Some argued it would weaken American independence; the US did not join Lesson Quiz
1. Before 1914, nationalism in the Balkan Peninsula contributed to (1) resistance by ethnic groups to Austrian rule
(2) campaigns by foreign diplomats against the use of trench warfare (3) the inability of countries to make reparation payments
(4) the rejection of the Versailles Treaty by Combatants
2. The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente contributed to the start of World War I by (1) failing to include Germany and France as members
(2) threatening countries in the Western Hemisphere (3) allowing Japanese aggression in Korea
(4) increasing tensions between European Countries 3. The immediate cause of World War I was the (1) assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
(2) Japanese alliance with Germany (3) treaty agreement at Versailles (4) German invasion of Poland
Private Archie Surfleet, February 8th, 1918 — We have been in camp near the wood at Écurie for some days now and a more miserable existence it would be hard to imagine. There is nothing but unrest and uncertainty and everyone here is absolutely fed up to the teeth.
— Malcolm Brown, Tommy Goes to War Which hypothesis can best be supported by this passage?
(1) Allied forces were on the verge of winning the war. (2) Technology had created a military stalemate. (3) Revolution in Russia hastened the end of the war. (4) Conditions contributed to low troop morale.
5. Which term is defined as payment for war damages? (1) Mandate (3) reparation
(2) Armistice (4) militarism
6.
This World War I poster is an example of (1) diversity (3) toleration (2) dissent (4) propaganda
7. Disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, creation of new nation-states in central Europe, and Germany’s loss of colonies were all consequences of
(1) the Napoleonic Wars (2) the Franco-Prussian War (3) World War I
(4) World War II
8. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points influenced many colonial peoples in Asia and Africa to (1) create military alliances
(2) seek self-determination (3) reject terrorism (4) extend extraterritoriality
9. One reason the League of Nations failed as a world organization was that it (1) supported the rise of fascist states
(2) lacked a military force to settle conflicts
10. The establishment of the independent countries of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia was the result of (1) the Franco-Prussian War
(2) the Berlin Conference (3) World War I