First Five
Voice Level Zero
Homework:
1.Study Evolution Notes to prepare for
upcoming comprehensive quiz
Engage
Fact vs. Theory
Fact vs. Theory Explained
One source of confusion about the status of the science or theory of evolution stems from the
difference between the "everyday" meaning of the word "theory" and the scientific meaning the word.
Below we list some common misconceptions about the term "theory" and describe a classroom activity that can help students rethink their understanding of this term.
•Misconception 1 "Evolution is 'just a theory'".
•Misconception 2 "Theories become facts when they are well supported and/or proven."
There are three important misconceptions propagated in the above statements.
1.The first statement implies that a theory should be interpreted as just a guess or a hunch, whereas in science, the term theory is used very differently.
2.The second statement implies that theories become facts, in some sort of linear progression. In science, theories never become facts. Rather, theories explain facts.
I. Evolution as Theory
and
Fact
•
Confusion sometimes arises as to
whether Evolution is a
theory
or a
fact
.
Actually it is both!
•
The theory of Evolution deals with
how
Evolution happens. Our
understanding of this process is
always changing.
•
Evolution is also a fact as there is a
huge amount of indisputable evidence
II. Evolution
The Tree of Life
•
All living things share a common
ancestor.
•
We can draw a Tree of Life to show
how every species is related.
•
Evolution
is the process by which
CFS for Nonfiction Texts
•
Use the title to make predictions and connections
to prior knowledge
•
Identify the main idea of each paragraph (writing it)
(Not underlining or highlighting it)
•
Summarize each paragraph/key paragraphs
•
Circle unknown vocabulary words and look them
up
III. Charles Darwin
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
•
Evolution
(change over time) is the
process by which modern organisms
have descended from ancient
organisms.
•
A scientific
theory
is a
well-supported testable explanation of
III.
A. Charles Darwin Contribution
Darwin’s Voyage
•From 1831-1836, a young naturalist
called Charles Darwin toured the
world in HMS Beagle.
• He was dazzled by the amazing
diversity of life and started to wonder
how it might have originated
Survival of the Fittest
•In his
Origin of Species
, published in
1859, Darwin proposed how one species
might give rise to another.
• Where food was limited, competition
meant that only the
fittest
would survive.
• This would lead to the
natural selection
of the best adapted individuals and
eventually the
evolution
of a new species.
Voyage of the Beagle
I have called this principle, by which
each slight variation, if useful, is preserved,
by the term Natural Selection.
—Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
How do you think Darwin
came up with his theory?
Voyage of the Beagle
Dates:
February 12th, 1831
Captain:
Charles Darwin
Ship
: H.M.S. Beagle
Destination:
Voyage around the
world.
IV. Evidence: The Galapagos Island
A.
The Island abiotic and biotic factors
•
The smallest, lowest islands were hot, dry,
and nearly barren-Hood Island-sparse
vegetation
•
The higher islands had greater rainfall and a
different assortment of plants and
animals-Isabela- Island had rich vegetation.
Darwin was fascinated in particular by the
land tortoises and marine iguanas in the
Galápagos.
Giant tortoises varied in predictable ways
from one island to another.
Charles Darwin Journey
V. A. Animals found on Galapagos Island
•
Land Tortoises
•
Darwin Finches
•
Blue-Footed Booby
VI. The Journey Home
Findings
•
Darwin Observed that characteristics
of many plants and animals vary
greatly among the islands
•
Hypothesis:
Separate species may
have arose from an original ancestor
Summary Darwin’s Theory
• Individuals in nature differ from one another • Organisms in nature produce more offspring
than can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not reproduce.
• Because more organisms are produced than
can survive, each species must struggle for resources
• Each organism is unique, each has advantages
and disadvantages in the struggle for existence
• Individuals best suited for the environment
survive and reproduce most successful
• Species change over time
• Species alive today descended with
modification from species that lived in the past
• All organisms on earth are united into a single
What is Natural Selection?
•
Is a process over time that
results in changes in inherited
characteristics of a population.
•
These changes increase a
Natural Selection vs. Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
•
differences among individuals of a
species
•
Organisms that are will adapted to
environment survive and reproduce
The Struggle for Existence
-members of
each species have to compete for food,
shelter, other life necessities
Survival of the Fittest
-Some individuals
better suited for the environment
Artificial Selection
•
nature provides the variation among
different organisms, and humans select
those variations they find useful.
I. Observations during his voyage
Patterns of Diversity
A. Darwin visited Argentina and Australia which had similar grassland ecosystems.
•those grasslands were inhabited by very different animals.
•neither Argentina nor Australia was home to the sorts of animals that lived in European grasslands.
B. Darwin posed challenging questions.
•Why were there no rabbits in Australia, despite the presence of habitats that seemed perfect for them?
• Why were there no kangaroos in England?
Living Organisms and Fossils
A. Darwin collected the preserved remains of ancient organisms, called fossils.
•Some of those fossils resembled organisms that
were still alive today.
•Others looked completely unlike any creature he had ever seen.
B. As Darwin studied fossils, new questions arose.
•Why had so many of these species disappeared?
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Evidence of Evolution
•
The Fossil Record
•
Geographic Distribution of Living Things
•
Homologous Body Structures
Evidence for Evolution
•
The Fossil Record
-Layer show change
•
Geographic
Distribution of Living
Things
•
Homologous Body
Structures
•
Similarities in Early
Evidence of Evolution
•
The Fossil Record
•
Geographic
Distribution of Living
Things-
similar
environments have
similar types of
organisms
•
Homologous Body
Structures
•
Similarities in Early
Homologous Structures
•
Homologous Structures
-structures that
