Chapter 17 -Rennaissance & Reformation (2).ppt

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Chapter 17

European Renaissance

& Reformation

1300- 1600

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Sectio

n 1

Italy:

Birthplace of the

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Italy’s

Advantages

_ _Renaissance_Renaissance

 Rebirth of art and _{Rebirth of art and} learning.

learning.

 Italy’s advantages Italy’s advantages

 Urban centers _{Urban centers}  Successful _Successful

independent merchants

 Medici family (ruled the _{Medici family (ruled the} economics of Florence)

economics of Florence)

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Classical &

Worldly Values

 HumanismHumanism

 Focused on human _{Focused on human}

potential &

achievements

achievements  No longer _{No longer}

connected to the

Christian teachings

Christian teachings  Popularized _Popularized

classical education.

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Classical &

Worldly Values

 Humanists suggest that a person could _{Humanists suggest that a person could}

enjoy life without offending God. enjoy life without offending God.

 The spirit of the Renaissance wasThe spirit of the Renaissance was secular.secular.

 Many popes & merchants becameMany popes & merchants became patronspatrons

of the arts. of the arts.

 Renaissance ManRenaissance Man

 Striving to be a master in all areas of _{Striving to be a master in all areas of}

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Donatello

David

Gattamelata

St. John the

Evangelist

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Renaissance

Revolutionizes Art

 Renaissance art became more realistic based Renaissance art became more realistic based on classical styles (even religious art).

on classical styles (even religious art).

 MichelangeloMichelangelo – – glorified the human body glorified the human body (page 420)

(page 420)

Creation of Man

Sistine Chapel

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Michelangelo

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Michelangelo

Pieta

Pieta

David

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Leonardo da

Vinci

 Painter, sculptor, Painter, sculptor,

inventor &

scientist, a true

“Renaissance

Man”

Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

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Leonardo da

Vinci

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Raphael

School of Athens

School of Athens

Madonna dell

Granduca

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Your Renaissance Men

Raphael

Raphael Leonardo

Leonardo

Michelangelo

Donatello

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Renaissance Writers

Change Literature

 Works were written in Works were written in the

the vernacular.vernacular.

 Wrote for self-expression Wrote for self-expression or the individuality of the

or the individuality of the

subject.

 _{Franciso Petrarch}_{Franciso Petrarch}

(wrote sonnets)

 Boccaccio _Boccaccio

(

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Renaissance Writers

Change Literature

 The Prince,The Prince, by by

Niccolo Machiavelli

Niccolo Machiavelli, , examines the

examines the

imperfect conduct of

human beings.

 Not concerned with Not concerned with

what was morally

right, but with what

was politically

effective.

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Section

2

The Northern

Renaissance

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Northern Renaissance

Begins

 By the 1450s, northern Europe began to By the 1450s, northern Europe began to recover from the plague & the Hundred

recover from the plague & the Hundred

Years’ War.

 The fact that England & France were _{The fact that England & France were} united under strong monarchs allowed

united under strong monarchs allowed

them to become

them to become patrons.patrons.

 Northern Europe combined with the _{Northern Europe combined with the} Italian ideals with more of a Christian

Italian ideals with more of a Christian

ideal.

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Artistic Ideas

Spread



German artists

Albrecht Durer

& Hans

Holbien

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Artistic Ideas

Spread

 FlandersFlanders will become will become

the artistic center of

northern Europe.

 Emphasis on realism Emphasis on realism

is shown by Flemish

painter

painter Jan van Eyck.Jan van Eyck.

 Van Eyck_{Van Eyck} perfected _perfected

oil painting.

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Writers Try to Reform

Society

 Christian Humanists Christian Humanists

 Erasmus (_{Erasmus (}The Praise of _{The Praise of}

Folly) Folly)

 Poked fun at greedy _{Poked fun at greedy} merchants, heartsick

merchants, heartsick

lovers, quarrelsome

lovers, & pompous

priests.

 Believed in a _{Believed in a}

Christianity of the heart.

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Writers Try to

Reform Society

Thomas More Thomas More

 Utopia_Utopia

 Imaginary land _{Imaginary land}

inhabited by a

peace-loving people.

peace-loving people.  Greed, corruption, _{Greed, corruption,}

war & crime were

eliminated

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Writers Try to Reform

Society

 William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare

 Masterful _Masterful

command of the

English language

 Deep _Deep

understanding of

human beings

 Macbeth, Romeo & _{Macbeth, Romeo &}

Juliet, Hamlet, Juliet, Hamlet,

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Printing Spreads

Ideas

 Johann GutenbergJohann Gutenberg

 Reinvented _Reinvented

movable type &

then invented the

printing press

printing press..

 Gutenberg Bible _{Gutenberg Bible}  First full-size _{First full-size}

book printed.

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Printing Spreads

Ideas

 Mass production of a single work allowed:Mass production of a single work allowed:

 Books to become cheaper_{Books to become cheaper}

 Presses appeared in other cities_{Presses appeared in other cities}

 Ideas spread quicker_{Ideas spread quicker}

 Encouraged people to learn to read _{Encouraged people to learn to read}

which increased literacy. which increased literacy.

 Writing in vernacular _{Writing in vernacular}

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Section 3

Luther

starts the

Reformatio

n

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Causes of the

Reformation

 Renaissance emphasis on the secular & Renaissance emphasis on the secular &

the individual challenged Church

authority.

 Rulers resented Church dominance.Rulers resented Church dominance.

 Merchants resented paying Merchants resented paying

Church taxes.

 Popes too busy pursuing worldly affairs _{Popes too busy pursuing worldly affairs}

to have much time for spiritual duties.

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Luther Challenges the

Church

 Martin LutherMartin Luther

 Protested against the _{Protested against the}

selling of

indulgences.

 95 Theses _{95 Theses}

 Luther’s objections _{Luther’s objections}

posted on the

Wittenberg

Cathedral

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Church



Luther’s ideas



Salvation by

faith alone



Bible is the

true authority



All people

with faith

were equal

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Luther Challenges the

Church

 Charles V (Holy Charles V (Holy

Roman Emperor)

summoned

Luther to stand

trial & Luther

refused to give up

his teachings.

 Pope Leo XPope Leo X will will

excommunicate

Luther.

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Luther Challenges the

Church

 Frederick (Duke of Frederick (Duke of

Saxony)

Saxony) hid hid

Luther where he Luther where he

translated the translated the

Bible into German. Bible into German.

 His followers will His followers will

eventually be eventually be

known as the known as the

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Church

 Using Luther’s _{Using Luther’s}

teachings about

equality, the peasants of

Germany rose in bloody

revolt against their

masters and were

ruthlessly put down.

• Not even Luther _{Not even Luther}

backed this Peasants’

Revolt and he was

criticized for not

doing so.

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Luther Challenges the

Church

 Some German princes used Luther’s Some German princes used Luther’s

ideas as a means to free themselves from

Charles V.

Charles V. (Protestants) _{(Protestants)}

 Charles V will win the war, but failed to Charles V will win the war, but failed to reunite the Catholics & the Protestants.

reunite the Catholics & the Protestants.

 Settled by theSettled by the Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg..

 Religion was to be determined by _{Religion was to be determined by}

particular rulers.

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England Becomes

Protestant

 King Henry VIII_{King Henry VIII}

wanted a son and

when his wife,

Katherine of Aragon

(Charles V was her

nephew), didn’t give

him one after 22

years of marriage he

asked the pope for

an

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England Becomes

Protestant

 WhenWhen Pope Clement VIIPope Clement VII refused to grant the refused to grant the

annulment Henry declared himself supreme head

of the state sponsored Church of England and

granted himself a divorce.

 In _In1534, Parliament_{1534, Parliament} passed the_{passed the} Act of _{Act of}

Supremacy

Supremacy making Henry legally head of the making Henry legally head of the Church of England and requiring all clergy and

Church of England and requiring all clergy and

important nobles to take an oath to that effect

important nobles to take an oath to that effect..

 Henry’s marriage toHenry’s marriage to Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn did not did not

produce a male heir. His son is born to his third

wife.

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Wives ‘R’ US

Catherine of Aragon

m. 1509 - 1533 Divorced

Anne Boleyn

m. 1533 - 1536 Executed

Jane Seymour

m. 1536 - 1537 Died

Anne of Cleves

m. 1540 Jan. - July Divorced

Kathryn Howard

m. 1540 - 1542 Executed

Katherine Parr

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England Becomes

Protestant

 Elizabeth I _{Elizabeth I}

 _{Restores the}_{Restores the}

Protestant faith to

England after her

sister Mary

violently tried to

restore Catholicism.

 Made the_{Made the} Anglican _Anglican

Church

Church more more

moderate to appease

Catholics

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The Spanish

Armada

 1588 1588 – – The defeat of the Catholic king The defeat of the Catholic king

Philip II & the

Philip II & the Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada enabled enabled England to become a dominant force in

England to become a dominant force in

the seas.

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Section

4

The

Reformation

Continues

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John Calvin

 John CalvinJohn Calvin

 Institutes on the _{Institutes on the}

Christian Religion

Christian Religion  Men & women are _{Men & women are}

sinful by nature. sinful by nature.

 Predestination _{Predestination}

 God determines who _{God determines who}

goes to heaven or goes to heaven or

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John Calvin

 Calvin Founds aCalvin Founds a TheocracyTheocracy

• Invited by the city ofInvited by the city of Geneva,Geneva, he set up a he set up a

theocracy (a combination of Church and

State)

State) with very strict rules of behavior.with very strict rules of behavior.

There is There is

no no dancing dancing

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The Catholic

Reformation

 Ignatius of Loyola _{Ignatius of Loyola}

 _Wrote_Wrote _Spiritual_Spiritual

Exercises Exercises

 _{Founder of the}_{Founder of the} _Society_Society

of Jesus (Jesuits)

 _{Order was big on}_{Order was big on}

missionary work,

universities &

stopping the spread

of Protestantism.

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The Catholic

Reformation

 The Church The Church Reformed: The

Reformed: The

Council of Trent

(1545 to 1563)

 Pope Paul III_{Pope Paul III} decided _decided to hold an

to hold an

ecumenical Church

Council to which the

Protestants were

invited.

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The Catholic

Reformation

 Church had final say on interpretation of _{Church had final say on interpretation of}

Bible. Bible.

 Faith & good works for salvation.Faith & good works for salvation.

 Bible & Church tradition were proper Bible & Church tradition were proper

authority. authority.

 Indulgences were valid (can not sell them Indulgences were valid (can not sell them

however) however)

 Various books issued Various books issued (index of Forbidden (index of Forbidden

books)

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Legacy of

Reformation

 Protestant Churches flourish.Protestant Churches flourish.

Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves

Kathryn Howard

Katherine Parr