PLANNING A NATIONAL INFORMATION CENTRE FOR MACHINE TOOLS : A CASE STUDY.
A RAHMAN, C e n t r a l Machine Tool Institute,Bangalore.
The plan for establishing a National Information Centre for Machine Tools is given as a case study- The need for such a Centre, the objectives and the c r i t e r i a to be considered in the establishment of an information system are mentioned. The subject profile of the field of machine tools, and the type of information required at the different stages of the development of a machine tool product are discussed. Details regarding the structure,
organi-sation, documentation services, manpower and finances required ere discussed- In conclusion, it has been suggested that for the development of an effective and
efficient system the dynamism of the organising and the responsiveness of the
users to the system arc required,
0 INTRODUCTION
01 Trigger for the Plan
The impetus and immediate trigger in formulating a plan for a National Information Centre for Machine Tools has been provided by the Ernergency_.Plan for Self-Reliance in Baching Tool Technology by the National Committee on Science and Technology (NCST) • It has put i t s finger on the pulse of the problem while it states in NCST Document NCST, Sec 6.9
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with f u l l complement of world information c o l l e c t i o n and dissemination f a c i l i t i e s and r e p r o d u c t i o n / r e p r o -graphy s e r v i c e s t h a t t h i s l i b r a r y should render t o the n a t i o n ' s machine t o o l i n d u s t r y . The e x i s t i n g l i b r a r y is too small for t h i s purpose. A s p e c i a l i s e d l i b r a r y for Machine t o o l s and a c c e s s o r i e s , complete with d a t a i n d i c e s and information r e t r i e v a l f a c i l i
-t i e s , may c a l l f o r a Rs 1.5 -to 2 c r o r e s budge-t for such a n a t i o n a l l e v e l l i b r a r y attached to CMTI. In I n d i a as y e t no proper l i b r a r y is e s t a b l i s h e d to
service the machine t o o l industry as such."
As a follow up of t h e above suggestion, a plan has been formulated. This paper provides some of the s a l i e n t f e a t u r e s of the plan, in b r i e f , as a case
study for planning a National Information Centre in a s p e c i a l i s e d subject f i e l d . This plan is presented for discussion and c o n s t r u c t i v e evaluation by t h e professional c o l l e a g u e s .
02 Need for a Machine Tool Information System Machine t o o l s form the backbone of a n a t i o n ' s i n d u s t r i a l p r o g r e s s . I n d i a i s f o r t u n a t e t o have l a i d the foundation, p a r t i c u l a r l y during t h e post i n d e -pendent period, for s e t t i n g up a sound and healthy machine t o o l i n d u s t r y . The i n d u s t r y is making rapid
s t r i d e s in r e c e n t y e a r s . P r e s e n t l y , t h e r e a r e more than 112 machine t o o l manufacturing u n i t s in t h e orga-nised s e c t o r with an i n s t a l l e d capacity of Rs 700 m i l l i o n . The production of machine t o o l s has gone
develop-ment and p r o d u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y of machine t o o l s ,
i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o b u i l d t h e r e q u i s i t e i n f r a - s t r u c t u r e . One of the b a s i c i n g r e d i e n t s of such an i n f r a
-s t r u c t u r e i -s a n i n f o r m a t i o n -s e r v i c e f a c i l i t y which keep-s t r a c k o f t h e l a t e s t technology i n t h e f i e l d o f
machine t o o l s a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d , and b r i n g s i t t o t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e m a n a g e r s , e n g i n e e r s and t e c h -n i c i a -n s i -n t h e i -n d u s t r i e s a-nd s c i e -n t i s t s i -n t h e
r e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t e s i n t h e c o u n t r y .
Machine t o o l , i n e s s e n c e , i s n o t merely a p i e c e of m a c h i n e r y b u t a package of t e c h n o l o g y . In f a c t , most o f t h e developments i n t h e f i e l d o f p r o d u c t i o n
technology i n t h e world a r e e p i t o m i z e d i n a m a c h i n e t o o l and made a v a i l a b l e t o t h e e n g i n e e r i n g i n d u s t r i e s t o i n c r e a s e p r o d u c t i o n o f v a r i o u s c o m m c c i t i e s . Theref o r e , t h e l a t e s t i n Theref o r m a t i o n o n e Theref Theref e c t i v e and p r o -d u c t i v e u t i l i s a t i o n o f machine t o o l s i s o f prime i m p o r t a n c e n o t o n l y t o h e machine t o o l i n d u s t r i e s b u t a l s o t o t h e e n t i r e g a m u t o f e n g i n e e r i n g i n d u s t -r i e s which u s e machine t o o l s in one fo-rm o-r a n o t h e -r . The p o i n t o f i n t e r e s t t o t h e e n g i n e e r i n g i n d u s t r y would b e t h e p r o d u c t i o n e n g i n e e r i n g a s p e c t s o f t h e machine t o o l s , where as in t h e c a s e of machine t o o l
i n d u s t r y i t w i l l b e t h e d e s i g n , development a n d p r o d u c t i o n o f machine t o o l s .
1 OBJECTIVES
The o b j e c t i v e s of t h e N a t i o n a l I n f o r m a t i o n C e n t r e f o r Machine Tools (NIOMT) may be s t a t e d a s f o l l o w s :
1 To f a c i l i t a t e t h e s e l e c t i o n and communication of i d e a s from t h e p o i n t s of t h e i r generation and
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a v a i l a b i l i t y t o t h e i r p o t e n t i a l u s e r s ;
2 To provide information a c c u r a t e l y , completely, q u i c k l y , and present it in a manner most convenient to the u s e r s , at a reasonable c o s t , with a view to achieve maximum p r o d u c t i v i t y ;
3 To provide f a c i l i t i e s for a continuous research in the f i e l d of l i b r a r y and information s c i e n c e , with a view to develop b e t t e r techniques end t o o l s f o r s e l e c t i o n , a c q u i s i t i o n , s t o r a g e , and dissemination of information.
2 FEATURES OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM
T o achieve t h e o b j e c t i v e s , i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o develop an information system which is responsive to t h e ever-dynamic information requirements of the u s e r s . Some of t h e f e a t u r e s t h a t should be considered in planning/developing such an information s y s t e m are t h e following:
1 The system should be designed for e f f i c i e n c y , speed, economy, relevance and usefulness in terms of information s e r v i c e s .
2 The system should co-operate and coordinate w i t h o t h e r N a t i o n a l Information Systems such as INSDOC, and o t h e r systems being developed in t h e country f o r
r e l a t e d subject f i e l d s and thus form an i n t e g r a l p a r t of a n a t i o n a l Information Grid.
3 The system should also be designed f o r
of UNISIST f o r d e v e l o p i n g t h e World S c i e n c e I n f o r m a t i o n System,
4 The system s h o u l d be d e s i g n e d , based on t h e s y s t e m a t i c s t u d y o f t h e u s e r s r e q u i r e m e n t o f i n f o r m a t i o n w i t h due c o n s i d e r a t i o n t o t h e t y p e o f i n s t i -t u -t i o n , i n d u s -t r y -t o which -t h e u s e r s b e l o n g and -t h e n a t u r e o f f u n c t i o n s t h e y perform and t h e i r b a c k g r o u n d and e x p e r i e n c e a s f a r e s p o s s i b l e .
5 The s y s t e m s s h a l l be d e s i g n e d as a t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n t r a n s f e r agency i n t h e s u b j e c t s c o v e r e d b y t h e s y s t e m ,
6 The system should be d e s i g n e d as a s e r v i c e
c e n t r e w i t h open a c c e s s system w i t h n e c e s s a r y mechanism t o s e r v e r e a d e r s i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y .
7 The system should be d e s i g n e d w i t h due s t r e s s on p r o c e s s i n g aid s e r v i c i n g , each i t e m of i n f o r m a t i o n p u t i n t o t h e system f o r q u i c k r e t r i e v a l and u s e b y p l a n n i n g a d e q u a t e and a p p r o p r i a t e s t a f f and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s commensurate w i t h t h e work l o a d i n v o l v e d .
8 V a r i o u s s e r v i c e s should be i n t r o d u c e d by t h e system i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e u s e r s and w i l l t a k e
a d v a n t a g e o f a l l t h e developments i n t h e f i e l d o f
l i b r a r y s c i e n c e , i n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e , and d o c u m e n t a t i o n and i n f o r m a t i o n r e t r i e v a l t e c h n i q u e s i n c l u d i n g c o m p u t e r i -z a t i o n and r e p r o g r a p h i c t e c h n i q u e s .
9 Any new f a c i l i t y o r s e r v i c e s t h a t w i l l b e i n t r o -duced s h o u l d e v o l v e s y n e r g i s t i c a l l y o u t o f t h e s t r e n g t h and e x p e r t i s e g a i n e d f r o m t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m .
10 The f u l l system s h o u l d f u n c t i o n as a dynamic
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and open ended system continuously evolving and developing to meet t h e ever growing demands of i n f o r -mation requirements with e f f i c i e n c y w i t h i n t h e
cons-t r a i n cons-t s of r e s o u r c e s , personnel and f a c i l i cons-t i e s a v a i l a b l e .
3 FUNCTIONS
The functions of t h e NICMT a r e as follows : 1 - It w i l l act as a n a t i o n a l c l e a r i n g house of information on machine t o o l s and production engineer-i n g .
2 I t w i l l c o l l e c t , s t o r e , organise, r e t r i e v e and disseminate information on machine t o o l s and production engineering appearing in d i f f e r e n t types of recorded media and in different; languages throughout the world.
3 It w i l l be organised e s s e n t i a l l y as a s e r v i c e c e n t r e . I t s s e r v i c e s w i l l be a v a i l a b l e to the managers, e n g i n e e r s , s c i e n t i s t s and t e c h n i c i a n s working in
machine t o o l and engineering i n d u s t r i e s , r e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t e s and c e n t r e s of l e a r n i n g in d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of t h e country. It w i l l organise v a r i o u s documenta-tion s e r v i c e s and informadocumenta-tion s e r v i c e s both on r e q u e s t and in a n t i c i p a t i o n a f t e r sensing the need f o r the l a t e s t information by u s e r s as a continuing support in t h e i r work i r r e s p e c t i v e of whether t h e information i s asked for o r n o t .
4 I t w i l l maintain c l o s e l i a i s o n w i t h a l l t h e
i n s t i t u t e s of r e s e a r c h and development in machine t o o l s and production engineering and r e l a t e d f i e l d s in the world for mutual exchange of information and p u b l i c a
5 I t w i l l provide reprographic s e r v i c e s t o enable the users to g e t the copies of the documents of t h e i r i n t e r e s t .
6 I t w i l l t r a n s l a t e technical l i t e r a t u r e r e l e v a n t to machine t o o l s from foreign languages such as Czech, German, French and Russian in which c o n s i d e r a b l e
l i t e r a t u r e o n machine t o o l s i s produced. I t w i l l a l s o undertake t r a n s l a t i o n of such l i t e r a t u r e to Indian languages. Programme of cover to cover translations of some leading Czech p e r i o d i c a l s on machine t o o l s w i l l a l s o be undertaken.
7 It w i l l o f f e r a data bank s e r v i c e based on the d a t a r e l a t i n g to t h e machine t o o l census and s u r v e y s ,
import, export and production s t a t i s t i c s , demand e s t i m a t e s , product s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , m a c h i n i n g d a t a , data r e l a t i n g
t o p a r t s survey e t c .
8 I t w i l l e d i t a n d publish p e r i o d i c a l s , handbooks, r e p o r t s , s t a n d a r d s , data s h e e t s , t r a i n i n g mannuals and d i r e c t o r i e s of use to machine tool and engineering i n d u s t r i e s based on t h e work done at CMTJ.
9 It w i l l organise production of f i l m s , s l i d e s and t r a i n i n g m a t e r i a l s , to disseminate information on new technology and on proper use and c a r e of machine t o o l s .
10 It w i l l maintain a r e g i s t e r of r e s e a r c h and development a c t i v i t y in the country on machine t o o l s and production engineering to disseminate the infor-mation to t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d p e r i o d i c a l l y , to avoid
d u p l i c a t i o n of research p o t e n t i a l and to encourage mutual c o n s u l t a t i o n .
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1 1 I t w i l l organise seminars, l e c t u r e s , conferences and film shows to promote communication of t e c h n i c a l information among u s e r s .
1 2 I t w i l l o f f e r consultancy s e r v i c e s i n o r g a n i s i n g documentation s e r v i c e on machine t o o l s to small s c a l e f a c t o r i e s and i n s t i t u t e s of l e a r n i n g where such
f a c i l i t i e s d o not e x i s t .
13 It w i l l have a continuous t r a i n i n g programme f o r the document at ion p e r s c n n e l employed at t h e c e n t r e . I t w i l l also extend such t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o
personnel engaged in s i m i l a r work in i n d u s t r i e s .
1 4 I t w i l l take such o t h e r s t e p s t h a t a r e n e c e s s a r y to o r g a n i s e a r e s e r v o i r of information on machine
t o o l s and production engineering and to disseminate t h e information t o the u s e r s d i r e c t l y and through i t s
r e g i o n a l c e n t r e s and o t h e r s i s t e r agencies a c t i v e i n the f i e l d .
4 SUBJECT FILLLD OF MACHINE TOOLS
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5 PRODUCT-DEVLOPMENT CYCLE FOR MACHINE TOOLS
Even w i t h i n a p a r t i c u l a r o r g a n i s a t i o n t h e type of information r e q u i r e d by v a r i o u s users depends upon
the v a r i o u s s t a g e s through which the machine t o o l development is t a k i n g p l a c e . The following t a b l e gives t h e v a r i o u s s t a g e s in t h e development cycle of a product as applied to machine t o o l s and i n d i c a t e s t h e type of information required by d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of personnel at each s t a g e of development r i g h t from t h e i n i t i a t i o n of t h e product up to i t s commercial p r o -duction and marketing. In designing t h e information system as a whole, t h e s e f a c t o r s of s u b j e c t i n t e r e s t • at d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s and u s e r s of t h e information should be recognised.
Table: Product Development Cycle and Machine Tool Information
SN
a ;
Stage of Pro-duct development
b
Information
On
c
For
d
1 I n i t i a t i o n of t h e product
2 Formulation of p r e c i s e product goals
M a r k e t t r e n d s Management Current product develop- R & D
ments s t a f f Current Technological
developments
P r i o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s M a r k e t p o s i t i o n f o r
t h e product
Trends in development of t h e product a b r o a d / comnetition
Management R & D
l i t e r a t u r e S e a r -ch and p r o d u c t p r o p o s a l
D e t a i l Draw-i n g
P r o t o t y p e Pro-duction. and t e s t i n g
Commercial S c a l e p r o d u c t i o n f e a -s i b i l i t y -s t u d y
P a t e n t s i t u a t i o n C o m p e t i t i v e p r o d u c t
s p e c i f i c a t i o n
S p e c i f i c a t i o n and a v a i l a -b i l i t y o f -bought o u t items c u r r e n t and back-ground l i t e r a t u r e on product d e s i g n and development s t a n d a r d s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s S p e c i f i c a t i o n and a v a i
-l a b i -l i t y of bought out c o m p o n e n t s / s p a r e s and a c c e s s o r i e s
Model Drawings and S t a n d a r d s and s p e c i -f i c a t i o n
Mechanisms and d e v i c e s M e t h o d o l o g y / T e c h n i q u e s
used i n e a r l i e r p r o j e c t s
Components and a c c e s -s o r i e -s
M a t e r i a l s and manufac-t u r i n g manufac-t e c h n i q u e s T e s t i n g Techniques
and Equipment
Cost s t u d i e s of m a t e r i a l s equipment
E c n o m i e s o f s c a l e . P a t e n t p o s s i b i l i t i e s and r o y a l -t i e s
R & D S t a f f ( D e s i g n e r s )
E H S t a f f ( D e s i g n e r s )
R & D S t a f f ( D e s i g n e r s )
R & D , M a n a -gemcnt Cost Accounts P r o j e c t Engi-n e e r i Engi-n g
s t a f f
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Commercial s c a l e . production proje-c t r e p o r t
8 Commercial scale production
9 Marketing
10 Sales promotion and 3ervice Product impro-vement
Cost Studies of mate-t i a l s , equipmenmate-t, p l a n mate-t and machinery
Economies of s c a l e
Patent p o s s i b i l i t i e s and Royalti es
Production Engineering A v a i l a b i l i t y of Raw
m a t e r i a l s and Compo-nents and p a r t s S p e c i f i c a t i o n s and
Standards
F i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s Competing products Techniques of
produc-t i o n and produc-t o o l i n g , Quality c o n t r o l M a r k e t i n g Techniqu es Competitive Techniques D i s t r i b u t i o n Channels Export market
New areas of a p p l i c a t i o n Market reaction
Sales promotion t e c h -niqueo
User complaints, Ser-v i c i n g
Defects end r e c t i f i c a -t i o n s
Competitor product improvements
R & D Manage-ment Cost Accounts and P r o j e c t Engi-n e e r i Engi-n g s t a f f
Production Engineer P l a n t
Engineer
Marketing Management
6 ORGANISATION OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM 61 Functional Organisation
To achieve the objectives conforming to the f e a t u r e s mentioned i n the e a r l i e r s e c t i o n s t h e r e i s a need f o r designing and developing an i n t e g r a t e d
f u n c t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n . The o r g a n i s a t i o n should a l s o conform to t h e c o - o r d i n a l management p r i n c i p l e s of planning, s t a f f i n g , d i r e c t i o n , d e l e g a t i o n , co-ordina-t i o n and c o n co-ordina-t r o l . In developing such an o r g a n i s a co-ordina-t i o n due care should be taken f o r systematic and balanced growth of the v a r i o u s functional u n i t s in unison, t r a i n -ing and development of personnel required to nan each section of the functional areas and maximum u t i l i s a -t i o n of -t h e i n p u -t -to -the sys-tem in a s y n e r g i s -t i c maxi-misation of the output in t h e form of s e r v i c e s to t h e l a r g e s t number of u s e r s . The system should a l s o
provide for o p e r a t i n g the s e r v i c e s in a manner t h a t t h e users get personal a t t e n t i o n t o t h e i r needs, a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e .
62 Organisation Chart
Annexure 1 gives the f u n c t i o n a l o r g a n i s a t i o n
c h a r t f o r the information c e n t r e . The c h a r t i n d i c a t e s 6 d i r e c t functions and 2 supporting functions as
follows:
A Direct Functions : 1 Library s e r v i c e s
2 Documentation Services 3 P a t e n t information s e r v i c e
4 Reprographic, audio v i s u a l end p r i n t i n g f a c i l i t i e s
5 Public r e l a t i o n and p u b l i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s
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6 Data processing and information r e t r i e v a l 7 Data Centre
B Supporting S e r v i c e s :
1 Training and personnel development 2 Information and documentation systems
development
The scope of functions of each of the above
a r e a s i s described b r i e f l y i n t h e succeeding s e c t i o n s . 63 Library
Organising a comprehensive l i b r a r y of world l i t e -r a t u -r e on machine t o o l s and p-roduction enginee-ring is an e s s e n t i a l p r e - r e q u i s i t a for o f f e r i n g information and documentation s e r v i c e s from t h e C e n t r e , The l i b r a r y w i l l have at l e a s t one copy each of a l l the major works in machine t o o l s and production engineering published in English language, I n d i a n languages and o t h e r major European languages such as German, Russian, Czech, and French languages. The l i b r a r y w i l l orga-n i s e s y s t e m a t i c a l l y a l l t h e major types o f documeorga-nts such as books, r e p o r t s , r e p r i n t s , p e r i o d i c a l s , stan-d a r stan-d s , p a t e n t s , t e c h n i c a l f i l m s , t r a stan-d e c a t a l o g u e s ,
microfilms and other microforms b e s i d e s a l l t h e i n t e r n a l r e p o r t s published within CMTI. I t w i l l a l s o t r y t o
acquire copies of the important r e s e a r c h t h e s e s on t h e s u b j e c t both from I n d i a n and foreign Univer-s i t i e Univer-s . I t w i l l a l Univer-s o c o l l e c t t a p e Univer-s o f important l e c t u r e s and seminar proceedings a v a i l a b l e on t h e s u b j e c t .
a c q u i s i t i o n t o the l i b r a r y but a l s o f o r p r o c e s s i n g -c l a s s i f i -c a t i o n , -c a t a l o g u i n g and p r e p a r a t i o n of t h e documeits - for use of t h e documents as well as f o r n o t i f y i n g t h e u s e r s about the new a d d i t i o n s to the l i b r a r y p e r i o d i c a l l y ,
64 Documentation S e r v i c e s
The Documentation d i v i s i o n w i l l be concerned with p r e p a r a t i o n of s e r v i c e s mentioned in Sec 7 to t h e u s e r s to a p p r a i s e them of t h e l a t e s t developments. This d i v i s i o n w i l l a l s o be concerned with t r a n s l a t i o n of f o r e i g n language p u b l i c a t i o n s , d i s s e m i n a t i o n .
This d i v i s i o r i w i l l have maximum personnel with adequate t r a i n i n g and knowledge to prepare t h e v a r i o u s s e r v i c e s , and they w i l l be equipped, with necessary r e f e r e n c e t o o l s , i n d e x i n g and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n systems. They w i l l a l s o have f a c i l i t y to get continuous feedback from t h e u s e r s and to provide information s e r v i c e s based on the d o c u m e n t a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . This d i v i s i o n w i l l a l s o o p e r a t e an. Enquiry S e r v i c e to answer s p e c i f i c i n f o r -mation requirements from I n d u s t r y — t h e s e r v i c e being
of t h e n a t u r e of c o n s u l t a n c y services. S e r v i c e s of e x p e r t s from d i f f e r e n t d i v i s i o n s of CMTI w i l l be u t i l i s e d f o r t h i 3 purpose.
65 P a t e n t Information S e r v i c e
In a d d i t i o n to t h e normal l i b r a r y and docu-mentation s e r v i c e s t h e r e w i l l be a d i v i s i o n ex-c l u s i v e l y t o provide p a t e n t information s e r v i ex-c e . This d i v i s i o n w i l l k e e p t r a c k o f a l l c u r r e n t p a t e n t s on machine t o o l s and r e l a t e d d e v i c e s f i l e d not.
Information Centre f o r Machine Tool J66
n n l y in I n d i a but abroad and w i l l t r y to acquire a copy each of them It w i l l also t r y to acquire some of t h e important old p a t e n t s which may be required in connection with research and development a c t i v i t y in the country. The d i v i s i o n w i l l have adequately
q u a l i f i e d patent documentation s t a f f . This s t a f f w i l l have to deal with
1 Selection and accession of p a t e n t s ,
2 Technical processing f o r o r g a n i s a t i o n of p a t e n t c o l l e c t i o n , p a t e n t information s e r v i c e , and even
applying for patent r e g i s t r a t i o n f o r the new deve-lopments in CMTI.
I t w i l l a l s o maintain a comprehensive c o l l e c t i o n of p a t e n t s f i l e d in I n d i a on machine t o o l s and r e l a t e d d e v i c e s . I t w i l l a l s o scan the patent a b s t r a c t i n g p e r i o d i c a l s i n . t h e f i e l d end s e l e c t r e l e v a n t p a t e n t a b s t r a c t s f o r f a r t h e r disreminetion t o t h e u s e r s . 66 P u b l i c Relation and P u b l i c a t i o n Services
This d i v i s i o n w i l l be concerned with e d i t i n g and publishing of v a r i o u s p u b l i c a t i o n s a r i s i n g as a r e s u l t of the documentation s e r v i c e s , as w e l l as p u b l i c a t i o n s of CMTI. It w i l l e d i t and publish r e s e a r c h r e p o r t s , monographs, t r a i n i n g manuals, c a t a l o g u e s about products developed by CMTI, informaticn brochures, t r a n s l a t i o n s and such of t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s as a r e intended to d i s s e -minate information to the i n d u s t r y and r e s e a r c h
The d i v i s i o n w i l l also perform public r e l a t i o n func-tions to promote the use of the s e r v i c e s of t h e Centre, send w r i t e ups f o r t h e press end e d i t a r t i c l e s
by t h e CMTI s t a f f f o r publication in p e r i o d i c a l s end conferences. I t w i l l a l s o organise, coordinate and cooperate with conferences, seminars, l e c t u r e s and film shows on machine t o o l s and production engineering in addition to such programmes on machine t o o l docu-mentation.
67 Reprographic P r i n t i n g and Audiovisual Aids
The success of the dissemination s e r v i c e s depends l a r g e l y on a f a s t and wellequipped reprographic f a c i -l i t y . This division wi-l-l have a -l -l the e s s e n t i a -l and uptodate equipment to provide prompt copying s e r -v i c e s . I t w i l l also ha-ve communication f a c i l i t i e s necessary to organise seminars, conferences, l e c t u r e s ,
d i s c u s s i o n s , e t c . I t m a y also develop p r i n t i n g faci-l i t y f o r production of the p u b faci-l i c a t i o n s of t h e
I n s t i t u t e . ' This division may a l s o undertake produc-t i o n of films and oproduc-ther i l l u s produc-t r a produc-t i v e m a produc-t e r i a l s wiproduc-th a view to disseminate information on t h e new techniques
and machines based on research and development a c t i -v i t i e s in CMTI.
68 Data Processing and Information R e t r i e v a l
E f f i c i e n t information r e t r i e v a l is the basis for t h e e n t i r e operation of the information system. This division w i l l be concerned with developing or a c q u i r ing the necessary software in the form of c l a s s i f i -cation and cataloguing systems, programs as well as the hard-ware, such as data processing equipment. necessary for f a 3 t , r e l e v a n t and accurate r e t r i e v a l
Information Centre f o r Machine Tool J691 o f i n f o r m a t i o n . I n i t i a l l y i t w i l l b e convenient t o
have a punched card equipment on h i r e f o r d a t a process-i n g . When the volume of process-informatprocess-ion to be processed becomes more and r e a c h e s a v i a b l e l e v e l , it would be e s s e n t i a l to go in f o r computerisation of t h e e n t i r e information r e t r i e v a l a c t i v i t y . For t h i s purpose, t h e n e c e s s a r y computer f a c i l i t y w i l l e i t h e r have t o be acquired or n e c e s s a r y t e r m i n a l s from e a s i l y
a c c e s s i b l e computer bureaux s e r v i c e s such as t h e p r o -posed Regional Computer Centre under UNDP programme should be o b t a i n e d .
The flow c h a r t of t h e computerised information r e t r i e v a l system t h a t may u l t i m a t e l y be introduced is given in Annexure 2.
691 Data Centre
The d a t a c e n t r e w i l l compile and s t o r e data r e l e -vant to machine t o o l indue t r y a p a r t from t h e d a t a r e l a t i n g t o machine t o o l l i t e r a t u r e such a s indexes t o a r t i c l e s , s t a n d a r d s , p a t e n t s , r e p o r t s and o t h e r documents. The data t h a t may be s t o r e d in t h e c e n t r e w i l l i n c l u d e s t a t i s t i c s r e l a t i n g t o i m p o r t , export and production of machine; t o o l s by types and. s i z e s ,
data obtained from the quinquennial census of machine t o o l s planned by the government; d a t a relating to any o t h e r census r e l e t i n g to t h e i n d u s t r y that may
l i t e r a t u r e as well as data on m a t e r i a l s , products, a c c e s s o r i e s and spares required by machine t o o l i n d u s t r y . The data c e n t r e may e i t h e r appoint specia-l i s e d s t a f f f o r the purpose or may get a s s i e t e n c e from o t h e r departments of CMTI engaged in s i m i l a r work such as machine t o o l census d i v i s i o n , production technology d i v i s i o n , techno-economic department, e t c . The t a s k of s t o r a g e , processing and r e t r i e v a l of t h e data c o l l e c t e d and organised by t h e d a t a c e n t r e w i l l be taken c a r e of by t h e Data Processing D i v i s i o n , 692 Training and Personnel Development
Since t h e operation of t h e e n t i r e system would need a well k n i t team of dedicated personnel s p e c i a -l i s e d in each of t h e a r e a s of the functions of t h e C e n t r e , i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o have a continuous t r a i n i n g and development programme for the p e r s o n n e l . This d i v i s i o n w i l l look a f t e r the personnel development
both through i n t e r n a l t r a i n i n g programmes and through e x t e r n a l t r a i n i n g programmes. It may a l s o organise study c i r c l e s , seminars, and symposia f o r bringing about b e t t e r i n t e r a c t i o n and exchange of information among the s t a f f as well as between the s t a f f and users of t h e s e r v i c e s .
693. Information & Documentation Systems Development The success of the information r e t r i e v a l and dissemination s e r v i c e s depends upon t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y of proper information system involving c l a s s i f i c a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s , indexing methods and dissemination tech-niques based on t h e l a t e s t developments in t h e f i e l d and taking i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h e changing r e q u i r e -ments of t h e u s e r s . Thorough and s y s t e m a t i c e f f o r t s
Information Centre for Machine Tool J694
at development of such a system on a continuous b a s i s is e s s e n t i a l to ensure t h e usefulness of t h e e n t i r e information s e r v i c e a c t i v i t i e s . This d i v i s i o n w i l l be concerned with such development work.
The two supporting d i v i s i o n s mentioned above need not n e c e s s a r i l y be independent d i v i s i o n s , but t h e func-t i o n s may be c a r r i e d on cooperafunc-tively by persons desig-nated for t h e purpose from d i f f e r e n t functional a r e a s . 694 Flow Chart
To get a p e r s p e c t i v e view of t h e functioning of t h e e n t i r e system and to i d e n t i f y t h e various
a d d i t i o n a l s e r v i c e s t o b e o p e r a t e d i n due c o u r s e a r e t h e SDI s e r v i c e and t h e P r o j e c t - o r i e n t e d documentation s e r v i c e s . The p u b l i c a t i o n s e r v i c e s w i l l i n c l u d e n o t only the p u b l i c a t i o n s o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n c e n t r e , but a l s o t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s of CMTI. The p r o d u c t i o n of t h e v a r i o u s s e r v i c e s would n e c e s s i t a t e t h e n e c e s s a r y r e p r o g r a p h i c a n d p r i n t i n g f a c i l i t i e s which w i l l a l s o form a p a r t of t h e flow f u n c t i o n . When t h e s e r v i c e s g o t o t h e u s e r s c o n t i n u o u s f e e d back from t h e u s e r s has to be o b t a i n e d both t h r o u g h formal and i n f o r m a l methods t o improve and s t r e g t h e n t h e s e r v i c e s . T h i s
flow c h a r t i s a n e x c e l l e n t t o o l f o r t h e e n t i r e p l a n -n i -n g p r o c e s s a-nd would e-nable u s -n o t t o l o s e e i g h t o f
any of t h e f u n c t i o n a l e l e m e n t s .
7 LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES
The f o l l o w i n g v a r i e t i e s of l i b r a r y and docu-m e n t a t i o n s e r v i c e s w i l l b e provided b y t h e N I C M T .
(a) C u r r e n t c o n t e n t s l i s t .
(b) Documentation l i s t w i t h a b s t r a c t s .
( c ) C u r r e n t r e p o r t s , t h e s e s and c o n f e r e n c e proceed-i n g s .
(d) P r o d u c t i n f o r m a t i o n b u l l e t i n . ( e ) P a t e n t a b s t r a c t s .
( f ) S t a n d a r d s a b s t r a c t s . ( g ) N e w s b r i e f i n g s . (h) T e c h n i c a l d i g e s t .
( i ) M a r k e t / c e n s u s d a t a s e r v i c e .
( j ) S t a t c - o f - a r t r e p o r t / T r e n d r e p o r t . (k) B i b l i o g r a p h i c a l s e r v i c e s .
( 1 ) Data c o m p i l a t i o n s .
(m) L i s t of a d d i t i o n s and r e v i e w s . (n) L i s t o f t r a n s l a t i o n s .
I n f o r m a t i o n C e n t r e f o r Machine Tool J81
(p) R e p r i n t / D i g e s t c o m p i l a t i o n s e r v i c e . ( q ) P r e s s c l i p p i n g s e r v i c e ,
( r ) B u l l e t i n of R e s e a r c h and Development in p r o g r e s s .
( s ) P r o d u c t - s o u r c e s e r v i c e .
( t ) P r o j e c t - o r i e n t e d documentation s e r v i c e . (u) S e l e c t i v e d i s s e m i n a t i o n s e r v i c e .
(v) Reprographic s e r v i c e .
D e t a i l s o f t h e s e r v i c e s have been d i s c u s s e d i n P a p e r G s u b m i t t e d t o t h i s S e m i n a r .
8 PHYSICAL PLAN 81 C a p i t a l Cost
h i r e d , t h i s cost w i l l be i n c u r r e d as a r e c u r r i n g e x p e n d i t u r e .
82 Manpower Plan
The success in e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e Centre on e f f i c i e n t l i n e s depends upon the a v a i l a b i l i t y of properly q u a l i f i e d and competent s t a f f f o r each of
the f u n c t i o n a l u n i t s of t h e C e n t r e . All t h e u n i t s should be coordinated under able l e a d e r s h i p at d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s so t h a t a l l of then work in conso-nance to achieve t h e o b j e c t i v e s of t h e C e n t r e ,
The major component of t h e s t a f f working at t h e Centre w i l l be comprised of the p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f f o r a b s t r a c t i n g , d i g e s t i n g , p r e p a r i n g trend r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l t r a n s l a t i o n work, depth c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , information r e t r i e v a l and o t h e r r e l a t e d documentation work. This s t a f f w i l l have t h e combined e x p e r t i s e in
the f i e l d of documentation and in t h e f i e l d of
machine t o o l s and production e n g i n e e r i n g . One import a n import problem in manpower planning is import h e n o n a v a i l a -b i l i t y of adequate personnel t r a i n e d in documentation. At p r e s e n t t h e r e are only two c e n t r e s in I n d i a
offer-ing s p e c i a l i s e d t r a i n i n g in documentation. They a r e (1) Documentation Research and Training C e n t r e ,
Bangalore, and (2) Indian National S c i e n t i f i c Docu-mentation C e n t r e , New Delhi. The t o t a l number of candidates admitted f o r t h e above two i n s t i t u t i o n s per course is only about 20 and most of the candid a t e s are sponsorecandid by v a r i o u s i n s t i t u t i o n s , " h e r e -f o r e , t h e r e a r e v e r y -few c a n d i d a t e s a v a i l a b l e -f o r r e c r u i t m e n t .
The Documentation Research and Training C e n t r e , which is a f u l l - t i m e r e s e a r c h and t r a i n i n g c e n t r e
Information Centre for Machine Tool J81 f o r documentation should be given necessary funds
and f a c i l i t i e s to expand i n t o a National Training and Research Centre f o r documentation to t r a i n t h e personnel required for manning the various docu-mentation c e n t r e s coming up in the country. It
should also be able to o f f e r t r a i n i n g not only to t h e fresh c a n d i d a t e s , but a l s o to candidates who are already working in documentation c e n t r e s . This f a c t o r needs s e r i o u s consideration and immediate a c t i o n , so t h a t a l l our plans of s e t t i n g up s e v e r a l documentation c e n t r e s including the one discussed in t h i s paper can be implemented on schedule. For, the biggest c o n s t r a i n t in implementing t h e plan w i l l be the a v a i l a b i l i t y of properly t r a i n e d s t a f f .
While the above two c e n t r e s should be urged t o augment t h e i r t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s , t o i n c r e a s e the i n t a k e of c a n d i d a t e s to meet t h e requirements of. d i f f e r e n t documentation c e n t r e s coning up in the country, the National Information and documentation Centre should have i t s own programme of t r a i n i n g the personnel. For t h i s purpose, the t r a i n i n g programme should include t h e following two f a c t s : (1) Training in documentation work; and (2) Training in machine t o o l s and p r o d u c t i o n . e n g i n e e r s .
Where as the s t a f f f o r a b s t r a c t i n g , p r e p a r a t i o n of trend r e p o r t s and t r a n s l a t i o n work should have 60und t r a i n i n g in machine tool3 and production e n g i -neering with a b a s i c t r a i n i n g in documentation
y e a r s of t r a i n i n g before the personnel become effec-t i v e i n r e n d e r i n g effec-t h e v a r i o u s s e r v i c e s o f effec-t h e C e n effec-t r e . Therefore, i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o r e c r u i t t h e n e c e s s a r y component o f t h e personnel i n t h e i n i t i a l s t a r e s i t s e l f and r i v e them n e c e s s a r y t r a i n i n g . The appro-p r i a t e appro-programme of t r a i n i n g can be worked out by CMTI in c o l l a b o r a t i o n with t h e Documentation Research
and Training C e n t r e , which is a l s o s i t u a t e d in Bangalore.
By a study of t h e quantum of work involved in d i f f e r e n t s e c t i o n s a t t h e a n d o f s t a g e I I I , the f o l l o w i n g manpower has been estimated as e s s e n t i a l t o o p e r a t e t h e system and t o r e n d e r t h e v a r i o u s s e r -v i c e s o u t l i n e d i n t h i s r e p o r t :
(a) P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l s t a f f .. 95 (b) S e m i - p r o f e s s i o r . e l c / o p e r a t o r s , etc .. 50 (c) T y p i s t s , s t e n o g r a p h e r s , e t c and
o t h e r s ' . . . , 2 5 Total .. .. 150 The d e t a i l s of s t a f f p a t t e r n are given in Annexure 6.
The c o s t of t r a i n i n g is an important f a c t o r to be taken i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the implementation of t h e p l a n . The s t a f f may have to be t r a i n e d both
i n t e r n a l l y and through e x t e r n a l t r a i n i n g programme and in some of t h e s p e c i a l i s e d f i e l d s l i k e compute-r i z e d infocompute-rmation compute-r e t compute-r i e v a l , t h e pecompute-rsonnel nay even have to be s e n t abroad f o r t r a i n i n g . An e x p e n d i t u r e of Rs 5 lakhs is proposed f o r t r a i n i n g and development o f personnel during t h e f i r s t seven y e a r s .
Information for Machine Tool J84
83 Recurring Expenditure
The r e c u r r i n g expenditure towards s t a f f s a l a r y , a c q u i s i t i o n of documents, s u b s c r i p t i o n to periodi-c a l s and learned s o periodi-c i e t i e s and the expenditure on s t a t i o n e r y and other consumable s t o r e s have a l s o been worked out in t h r e e phases, confomirg to t h e a c t i v i t i e s and s e r v i c e s . The r e c u r r i n g expenditure i s given i n A n n e x u r e 7 . I t i s estimated t h a t t h e r e c u r r i n g expenditure w i l l go up from Rs 6 lakhs in stage I to Rs 18 lakhs in s t a g e I I I . The t o t a l cost over a period of seven y e a r s , including the c a p i t a l cost and r e c u r r i n g expenditure, i s e s t i -mated to be about Rs 2 c r o r e s .
84 Sources of Revenue
The finance of the magnitude indicated in t h i s plan has to be provided by the government in view of i t s o v e r a l l b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t on the machine t o o l industry in p a r t i c u l a r and the entire engineer-ing industry in g e n e r a l . However, it has been found t h a t any s e r v i c e offered free of charge is not recognised as something v a l u a b l e . To make t h e users to take cognizance of and demand q u a l i t y and efficiency i n t h e information s e r v i c e s , i t i s e s -s e n t i a l t h a t they -should al-so have -some -stake in the operation of the system. Therefore, in financ-ing the plan, i t i s proposed t h a t the p a r t i c i p a t i o n of the user i n d u s t r i e s in p a r t i c u l a r is ensured by introducing an annual s u b s c r i p t i o n f o r the s e r v i c e s
value of t h e s e r v i c e s , nominal s u b s c r i p t i o n s may a l s o be introduced f o r s p e c i f i c s e r v i c e s . I n i t i a l l y , a beginning may have to be made by offering the s e r v i c e s f r e e of charge, and p r o g r e s s i v e l y , i n s t i t u t i o n a l and i n d i v i d u a l s u b s c r i p t i o n s should be introduced f o r s p e c i f i c s e r v i c e s and then f o r the o v e r a l l s e r v i c e s . I t i s expected t h a t t h e Centre w i l l obtain a t l e a s t
10 per cent of i t s r e c u r r i n g expenditure through such income b y the t i n e i t reaches t h e f i n a l s t a g e .
91 CONCLUSION
The emphasis in t h e plan proposed in this paper i s o n t h e o b j e c t i v e s , t h e c r i t e r i a f o r developing the system, t h e types of s e r v i c e s and the d i r e c t i o n s of growth. The t a r g e t s and the outlays of the physical plan a r e t e n t a t i v e end may have to be modified and r e v i s e d in t h e l i g h t of the experience gained in the a c t u a l implementation of the plan as well as based on any changes in the environment and the i n d u s t r y as a whole. The scope and a c t i v i t i e s of the Information Centre w i l l expand in tune with the response and the i n t e r e s t shown by the i n d u s t r y in u t i l i s i n g i t s s e r -v i c e s + It is a good augury t h a t the s e r v i c e s
rendered at our Centre have been a p p r e c i a t e d by
production engineers and i n d u s t r i a l i s t s . However, we must say t h a t t h e s e r v i c e s are r e a c h i n g only a small range of p e r s o n s . In order to reach a l a r g e r number of persons engaged in a v a r i e t y of i n d u s t r i e s , d i r e c t l y or i n d i r e c t l y connected with machine t o o l production, the proposed plan has to be put into action with enlightened enthusiasm.
92 ANNEXURE
In the succeeding pages, seven annexure3 are given.
SN a
A c t i v i t i e s / S e r v i c e s
b
Units
cTotal Quantity
Stage I
dStage I I
e
Stage I I I
f
1 Circulation of documents
in-cluding i n t e r - l i b r a r y loan
(Issues and r e t u r n s )
2 P e r i o d i c a l subscription ..
3 Reference s e r v i c e
4 Technical processing of
documents
5 Documentation s e r v i c e s
5a Abstract s e r v i c e
5b Current contents l i s t s
5c Current r e p o r t s and t h e s e s
5d Express information s e r v i c e
5e News b r i e f i n g s services
5f Bibliographic services
5g New a d d i t i o n s l i s t s and
reviews
• »Documents
P e r i o d i c a l s
Enquiries
documents
Abstracts
I s s u e s
I s s u e s
B u l l e t i n s
B u l l e t i n s
5h P r e s s c l i p p i n g s s e r v i c e
5j B u l l e t i n of R & D in p r o g r e s s • • 5k Product information b u l l e t i n 5m' Product enquiry s e r v i c e
5n S t a t e - o f - a r t r e p o r t s 5p T r a n s l a t i o n s e r v i c e
5q P r o j e c t o r i e n t e d documentation s e r v i c e
5r S e l e c t i v e Dissemination of I n f 5s P a t e n t information .service
5 t Standards Information s e r v i c e . . 5u Technical d a t a s e r v i c e
5v M a r k e t / c e n s u s / s t a t i s t i c a l s e r v i c e s 6 Reprographic s e r v i c e s
7 Film s h o w s / l e c t u r e s 0 CMTI p u b l i c a t i o n s
9 CMTI p e r i o d i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s and documentation s e r v i c e p u b l i c a t i o n s 10 Seminars and conferences
C l i p p i n g s I s s u e s I s s u e s E n q u i r i e s R e p o r t s
P e r i o d i c a l a r t i c l e P r o j e c t s
U s e r s E n q u i r y E n q u i r y Q u e r i e s
P a g e s 10 S h o w s / L e c t u r e s
Number Nunber Number 500 2 50 500 5 100 5 50 25 100 • • 10 ,000 12 10 12 4 1,000 12 50 1,000 5 200 10 100 50 500 100 25 2 0 , 0 0 0 20 20 20 6 1,0o0 12 50 5,000 10 50C 2 5 500 500 2 , 0 c 0
5,000
500 1 0 0 , 0 0
Tangett C a p i t a l Items
1 B u i l d i n g .. Sq, M 2 Documents ( B o o k s . r e p o r t s .
bound v o l of p e r i o d i c a l s ) Number 3 S t a n d a r d s & S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Number
4 P a t e n t s ... .. Number .5 M i c r o f i l m / m i c r o f i s c h e and
p h o t o c o p i e s . . Item 6 T e c h n i c a l f i l m s
7 Reprographic equipment ( i n -c l u d i n g a u d i o v i s u a l and p r i n t i n g equipment) 8 F u r n i t u r e and equipment 9 Data p r o c e s s i n g equipment
Total
1,600 8,50,000 15,000 15,00,000
5,000 25,000 1,000 10,000
1,000 25,000
2,44,300 3,12,250
29,66,550
10,000 10,00,0C0 5,000 25,000 1,000 10,000 2,000 50,000
925 Annexure 5': T a r g e t : C a p i t a l Items (contd)
1 B u i l d i n g .. .. Sq M 2 Documents ( b o o k s , r e p o r t s ,
bound v o l of p e r i o d i c a l s ) Number 3 Standards and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s "
4 P a t e n t s .. . . " 5 M i c r o f i l m / m i c r o f i s c h e and
photocopies . . . . I t e m s
6 T e c h n i c a l f i l m s
7 Reprographic equipment ( i n c l u d i n g a u d i o v i s u a l and p r i n t i n g equipment)
8 F u r n i t u r e and equipement 9 Data p r o c e s s i n g equipment
T o t a l
1,000 5,00,000 2,600 1 3 , 5 0 , 0 0 25,000
10,000 3,000 7,000 500
25,00,000 50,000 30,000
50,000 20,000 5,000 1,75.000 10,000 5,00,000 500
12,500 2,97,000 25,00,000 65,64,500 Approximately
50,00,000 1,00,000 50,000 2 , 5 0 , 0 0 0 5,00,000
4,59,100 7 , 7 7 , 9 7 5 25,00,000 109,87,075
a 10 11 12 A B C D E P
b c
P r o j e c t o r i e n t e d 5 p r o
-documentation j e c t s s e r v i c e
SDI s e r v i c e .. 25 persons Supervisory 1 f o r each f u n c
-t i o n a l u n i -t
T r a n s l a t o r s 100 a r t i c l e s ' Public r e l a t i o n s
and p u b l i c a t i o n s Reprography p r i n t
-ing and audio-v i s u a l a i d s
Data p r o c e s s i n g u n i t Stenos and t y p i s t s H e l p e r s . Cleaners
T o t a l
d 5 50 3. 00 e 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 8.0 2.0 8.0 5.0 52.2 f 10 100 5 200 g 2.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 7-0 15.0 5.0 15.0 8.0 99.1 h 25 500* 7 500 .1 5.0
6 . 0
7.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 10.0 18.0 10.0 149.9
52.0 99.0 150.0
Tools and Production Engineering
1
2
3 4
T a r g e t : R e c u r r i n g Items
S e r v i c e s S t a f f
P e r i o d i c a l s u b s c r i p t i o n (Current) : Secondary
Primary I n s t i t u t i o n a l membership Hire & maintenance charges f o r d a t a p r o c e s s i n g equip-ment
S t a t i o n e r y and adminis-t r a adminis-t i v e expenses
Total
Stage I
Quan-t i Quan-t y 50 10 250 10 Cost Rs 360,000 10,000 50,000 70,000 100,000 590,000
Stage I I . .
Quan-t i Quan-t y 100 15 335 15 Cost Rs 720,000 15;000 67,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 1,202,000 Stage III
Quan-t i Quan-t y 150
25 475 • 2 5
Cost Rs 1,080,000 25,000 95,000 175,000 100,000 500,000 1,775 ,000 93 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author i s g r a t e f u l t o t h e D i r e c t o r , CMTI, f o r permission t o p r e s e n t t h i s paper to t h e DRTC Seminar (11)(1974) The plan is based on t h e methodology
924 Annexure 4 : National Information Centre for Machine
Tools and Production Engineering.
Annual A c t i v i t i e s and Services
SN
a
A c t i v i t i e s / S e r v i c e s
b
Units
C
c
T o t a l Q u a n t i t y Stage I S t r g e I I
d | e
Stage I I I
f
1
Circulation of documents
in-cluding i n t e r - l i b r a r y loan
(Issues and r e t u r n s )
Periodical subscription . .
Reference service
Technical processing of
documents
5 Documentation Services
5a Abstract service
5b Current contents l i s t s
5c Current reports and theses
5d Express information service
5e News briefings services
5f Bibliographic services
5g New additions l i s t s and
reviews
Documents P e r i o d i c a l s E n q u i r i e s 7>ociments A b s t r a c t s I s s u e s I s s u e s B u l l e t i n s B u l l e t i n s
B i b l i o g r a p h i e s I s s u e s
