Development of a driver information system based on onboard diagnostic II communication protocol

PERPUSTAKAAN 'JTHM

DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC II COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

By

M O H A M A D FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to my family especially my mother and wife who prayed all the

time for my success.

Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment

of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science

DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC II COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

By

M O H A M A D FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

July 2007

Chairman : Associate Professor Ishak bin Aris, PhD

Faculty : Engineering

An On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD-II) is a standard diagnostic software management

that is installed in a Powertrain Control Module (PCM). It provides some useful data

to the driver. There are four different devices using the OBD-II protocol exists in the

market that can be used as a driver information system. They are personal digital

assistant Dyno/OBD-II scan tool, CarChip Fleet, DriveRight 600, and ScanGauge II.

Each of these four devices has some limitation in term of supporting all features for

live data monitoring, diagnostic trouble code scanning, trip information, and data

logging system. Thus, there is a need for a device that supports all these features

together with scheduled service reminder. This thesis describes the design and

development of a driver information system based on OBD-II protocol. Its hardware

and software systems were designed based on four design considerations: upgrade

capability, high data storage capacity, back-up capability, and user friendly. The

proposed system consists of an 8-bit microcontroller, a buffer memory, a liquid

crystal display, a real time clock, a MultiMediaCard, an OBD-II interpreter unit, and

p o w e r s u p p l y unit. T h i s s y s t e m w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y interfaced and tested w i t h the P C M

o f H y u n d a i G e t z car.

Abstrak tesis y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n kepada Senat Universiti Putra M a l a y s i a sebagai m e m e n u h i keperluan untuk ijazah Master Sains

PEMBANGUNAN SATU SISTEM M A K L U M A T PEMANDU BERASASKAN

KOMUNIKASI PROTOKOL DIAGNOSTIK ATAS PAPAN II

O l e h

M O H A M A D FAUZI BIN ZAKARIA

Julai 2007

Pengerusi : Profesor Madya Ishak bin Aris, PhD

Fakulti : Kejuruteraan

D i a g n o s t i k atas p a p a n II ( O B D - I I ) m e r u p a k a n perisian p i a w a i a n pengurusan

diagnostik y a n g d i m a s u k k a n ke dalam m o d u l k a w a l a n kuasa enjin ( P C M ) . Ia

m e n y e d i a k a n m a k l u m a t tertentu k e p a d a p e m a n d u . Terdapat e m p a t peralatan di

pasaran y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n protokol O B D - I I ini y a n g b o l e h d i g u n a k a n sebagai

s i s t e m m a k l u m a t p e m a n d u a n . Peralatan-peralatan ini adalah D y n o / O B D - I I alat

p e n g e s a n berasaskan p e m b a n t u digital peribadi, CarChip Fleet, DriveRight 600, dan

ScanGauge II. Setiap peralatan ini m e m p u n y a i k e l e m a h a n dalam m e m a p a r k a n data

s e m a s a , m e n g e s a n k o d m a s a l a h diagnostik, m e l a p o r k a n m a k l u m a t perjalanan, dan

p e n y i m p a n a n s i s t e m data. O l e h itu, s e b u a h s i s t e m y a n g m e m p u n y a i ciri-ciri tersebut

beserta ciri t a m b a h a n p e n g i n g a t servis berjadual perlu dibangunkan. T h e s i s ini

m e m b i n c a n g k a n rekabentuk dan p e m b a n g u n a n s e b u a h sistem m a k l u m a t p e m a n d u a n

berasaskan protokol O B D - I I . Perkakas dan perisian s i s t e m ini direkabentuk

berdasarkan e m p a t pertimbangan iaitu kebolehnaiktarafan, p e n y i m p a n a n data

berkapasiti tinggi, k e m a m p u a n p e n y i m p a n a n kekal, dan m e s r a p e n g g u n a . S i s t e m

c a d a n g a n ini m e n g g u n a k a n satu unit m i k r o p e n g a w a l 8-bit. m e m o r i sementara.

paparan kristal cecair, j a m m a s a sebenar, kad m u l t i m e d i a , penterjemah O B D - I I , dan

bekalan kuasa. S i s t e m ini berjaya diuji d e n g a n P C M kereta H y u n d a i Getz.

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

T h a n k s to A l l a h S . W . T that finally I can c o m p l e t e m y thesis.

First and f o r e m o s t , I w o u l d like to e x p r e s s m y appreciation and gratitude to m y

supervisory c o m m i t t e e ; A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r Dr. Ishak b i n Aris (Chairman),

A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r Dr. S e n a n M a h m o d A b d u l l a h , and Dr. R o s l i n a S i d e k for their

c o n t i n u o u s trust and support throughout m y m a s t e r ' s research. I w o u l d a l s o like to

thank for their careful r e v i e w , corrections and s u g g e s t i o n s for the i m p r o v e m e n t o f

this thesis.

Special thanks to Mr. Khairul N i z a m for his support, and other m e m b e r s o f E C U

group that g i v e s o m e a d v i c e and v a l u a b l e ideas.

I c e r t i f y that an E x a m i n a t i o n C o m m i t t e e h a s m e t o n 20t h July 2 0 0 7 to c o n d u c t the final e x a m i n a t i o n o f M o h a m a d Fauzi bin Zakaria o n his Master o f S c i e n c e thesis entitled " D e v e l o p m e n t o f a D r i v e r I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m B a s e d on O n - B o a r d D i a g n o s t i c II C o m m u n i c a t i o n P r o t o c o l " in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h Universiti Pertanian M a l a y s i a ( H i g h e r D e g r e e ) A c t 1 9 8 0 and U n i v e r s i t i Pertanian M a l a y s i a ( H i g h e r D e g r e e ) R e g u l a t i o n s 1 9 8 1 . T h e C o m m i t t e e r e c o m m e n d s that the candidate be a w a r d e d the relevant degree. M e m b e r s o f the E x a m i n a t i o n C o m m i t t e e are as f o l l o w s :

Ir. Norman Mariun, PhD

F a c u l t y o f E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a ( C h a i r m a n )

Hashim Hizam, PhD

F a c u l t y o f E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Internal E x a m i n e r )

Syed Javaid Iqbal, PhD

F a c u l t y o f E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a (Internal E x a m i n e r )

Shamsudin Hj Mohd. Amin, PhD

F a c u l t y o f Electrical E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i T e k n o l o g i M a l a y s i a (External E x a m i n e r )

( ^

I

H A S A N M * ^ ?

flD. GHAZALI, PhD

S c h o o l o f Graduate Studies U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a

Date: 16 A u g u s t 2 0 0 7

T h i s t h e s i s submitted to the Senate o f Universiti Putra M a l a y s i a and has b e e n a c c e p t e d as f u l f i l m e n t o f the requirement for the d e g r e e o f Master o f S c i e n c e . T h e m e m b e r s o f the S u p e r v i s o r y C o m m i t t e e are as f o l l o w s :

Ishak Aris, PhD

Senan Mahmod Abdullah, PhD

F a c u l t y o f E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a ( M e m b e r )

Roslina Mohd Sidek, PhD

F a c u l t y o f E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t i Putra M a l a y s i a ( M e m b e r )

fl. J

-AINIIDERIS, PhD

S c h o o l o f Graduate Studies Universiti Putra M a l a y s i a

Date: 13 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 7

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis is based on m y original work e x c e p t for quotations and citations w h i c h h a v e b e e n duly a c k n o w l e d g e d . I also declare that it has not been p r e v i o u s l y or concurrently submitted for any other d e g r e e at U P M or other institutions.

M O H A M A D FAUZI ZAKARIA

Date: 2 7 July 2 0 0 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DEDICATION ii

ABSTRACT iii

ABSTRAK v

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S vii

APPROVAL viii

DECLARATION x

LIST OF TABLES xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xx

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1

1.3 O b j e c t i v e s 1.5 1.4 S c o p e s 1.6 1.5 Contributions 1.6 1.6 T h e s i s Outline 1.7

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1

2.1 Introduction 2.1 2 . 2 O B D - I I T e c h n o l o g y 2.1

2 . 2 . 1 D i a g n o s t i c Standards 2.1 2 . 2 . 2 D i a g n o s t i c C o m m u n i c a t i o n Protocol 2 . 2

2 . 2 . 3 D i a g n o s t i c C o n n e c t o r 2.3 2 . 2 . 4 D i a g n o s t i c M e s s a g e Format 2.3 2 . 2 . 5 Generic D i a g n o s t i c S e r v i c e M o d e s 2.5 2 . 2 . 6 E n h a n c e d D i a g n o s t i c S e r v i c e M o d e s 2 . 6

2 . 2 . 7 D i a g n o s t i c T r o u b l e C o d e 2 . 7 2 . 2 . 8 S c a n T o o l s T e c h n o l o g y 2 . 9 2.3 E x i s t i n g S y s t e m A n d Related W o r k 2.11

2.3.1 O v e r v i e w o f E x i s t i n g Product 2 . 1 1 2 . 3 . 2 O B D - I I S y s t e m Interface 2 . 1 6 2 . 3 . 3 D T C S c a n n i n g S y s t e m 2 . 1 7 2 . 3 . 4 Trip Information S y s t e m 2 . 1 8 2 . 3 . 5 Data L o g g i n g S y s t e m 2 . 2 3 2 . 4 Portable Flash Storage 2 . 2 4

2.4.1 Flash M e m o r y Card 2 . 2 5 2 . 4 . 2 M M C T e c h n o l o g y 2 . 2 8 2 . 4 . 3 File S y s t e m Format O v e r v i e w 2 . 3 3

2.5 S u m m a r y 2 . 3 5

3 M E T H O D O L O G Y 3.1

3.4.1 Microcontroller U n i t 3.8 3 . 4 . 2 B u f f e r M e m o r y U n i t 3.11 3 . 4 . 3 A l p h a n u m e r i c Liquid Crystal D i s p l a y U n i t 3 . 1 2

3 . 4 . 4 N a v i g a t i o n B u t t o n s U n i t 3 . 1 5 3 . 4 . 5 Real T i m e C l o c k U n i t 3 . 1 6 3 . 4 . 6 M u l t i M e d i a C a r d U n i t 3 . 1 7 3 . 4 . 7 O B D - I I Interface Unit 3 . 1 9 3 . 4 . 8 M a i n P o w e r S u p p l y U n i t 3 . 2 0

3.5 S o f t w a r e D e s i g n 3 . 2 2 3.5.1 L o w - L e v e l S o f t w a r e 3 . 2 2

3 . 5 . 2 H i g h - L e v e l S o f t w a r e 3 . 4 2

3 . 6 S u m m a r y 3 . 6 3

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1

4.1 Introduction 4.1 4 . 2 Hardware D e v e l o p m e n t 4.1

4.3 S o f t w a r e D e v e l o p m e n t 4.3 4 . 4 S y s t e m Interfacing T e s t i n g 4.3

4.4.1 N a v i g a t i o n B u t t o n s 4 . 4 4 . 4 . 2 B u f f e r M e m o r y and L C D 4.5

4 . 4 . 3 Real T i m e C l o c k 4 . 8 4 . 4 . 4 M u l t i M e d i a C a r d 4 . 9

4 . 4 . 5 O B D - I I 4 . 1 5 4 . 5 S y s t e m T e s t i n g 4 . 1 8 4 . 6 B e n c h m a r k and D i s c u s s i o n 4 . 2 3

4 . 7 S u m m a r y 4 . 2 6

5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE W O R K 5.1

5.1 C o n c l u s i o n s 5.1 5 . 2 R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for Future W o r k 5.3

5.2.1 O B D - I I D a t a 5.3 5 . 2 . 2 Operating S y s t e m I m p r o v e m e n t 5.3

5.2.3 D T C D e s c r i p t i o n 5.3 5 . 2 . 4 Graphical L C D 5 . 4 5 . 2 . 5 Prompt Warning 5 . 4 5 . 2 . 6 Fuel C o n s u m p t i o n 5 . 4 5.2.7 Data P e r f o r m a n c e L o g g i n g 5 . 4

5 . 2 . 8 S e r v i c e R e m i n d e r 5.5

REFERENCES R.1

APPENDICES A.l

BIODATA OF THE AUTHOR B. 1

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS B.2

LIST OF TABLES

Table

Page

2.1 S o m e o f O B D - I I Standards 2 . 2

2 . 2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n Protocol 2 . 2

2.3 M e s s a g e Format for I S O 9 1 4 2 - 2 , I S O 1 4 2 3 0 - 4 and S A E J 1 8 5 0 2 . 4

2 . 4 M e s s a g e Format for I S O 1 5 7 6 5 - 4 2.5

2.5 O B D - I I S e r v i c e M o d e 2 . 6

2 . 6 S u b s y s t e m G r o u p s for G e n e r i c D T C 2 . 9

2 . 7 G a u g e A b b r e v i a t i o n and Support 2 . 1 5

2.8 E L M 3 2 7 and O E 9 0 C 2 6 0 0 C o m p a r i s o n 2 . 1 7

2 . 9 D a t a T y p e and Triggering M o d e o f CarChip's Data R e c o r d i n g 2 . 2 4

2 . 1 0 Portable Flash M e m o r y Card ( N o r m a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n ) C o m p a r i s o n 2 . 2 7

2.11 M M C Product T e c h n o l o g y 2 . 2 8

2 . 1 2 S y s t e m S p e c i f i c a t i o n and P i n A r r a n g e m e n t C o m p a r i s o n 2 . 2 9

2 . 1 3 Operating S y s t e m Support for C o m m o n File S y s t e m 2 . 3 5

3.1 M a i n C o m p o n e n t s for E a c h U n i t 3.8

3 . 2 A T 8 9 S 8 2 5 2 S p e c i f i c a t i o n 3 . 9

3.3 U T 6 2 2 5 6 S p e c i f i c a t i o n 3.11

3 . 4 L C D S p e c i f i c a t i o n 3 . 1 3

3.5 L C D P i n F u n c t i o n 3 . 1 4

3.6 D S 1 3 0 7 S p e c i f i c a t i o n 3 . 1 7

3 . 7 M M C Pin C o n n e c t i o n o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 8

3.8 C o m p o n e n t ' s M a x i m u m P o w e r S u p p l y Current o f P r o p o s e d

S y s t e m 3.21

3.9 D S 1 3 0 7 T i m i n g D i a g r a m E x p l a n a t i o n

xiii

3 . 1 0 T h e S e l e c t e d C o m m a n d List 3 . 3 4

3.11 M M C C o m m a n d Format 3 . 3 4

3 . 1 2 R1 R e s p o n s e Format 3 . 3 4

3 . 1 3 Data T o k e n 3 . 3 5

3 . 1 4 Data R e s p o n s e 3 . 3 5

3 . 1 5 Data Error T o k e n 3 . 3 5

3 . 1 6 E v e n t s and S u b - T a s k s in R e a d y State Operation 3 . 5 7

3 . 1 7 O B D - I I D a t a for Data C o l l e c t i o n 3 . 5 8

3 . 1 8 Data L o g g i n g for C S V Format 3 . 6 2

4.1 Interface T e s t i n g T o o l s 4 . 4

4 . 2 S y s t e m T e s t i n g Status 4 . 2 1

4.3 P r o p o s e d S y s t e m S p e c i f i c a t i o n 4 . 2 4

4 . 4 T h e P r o p o s e d S y s t e m and Current S y s t e m s C o m p a r i s o n 4 . 2 5

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Page

2.1 Data Link C o n n e c t o r 2.3

2 . 2 O B D - I I D T C Identification Format 2 . 8

2.3 P D A - D y n o S c a n T o o l C o n n e c t i o n 2 . 1 2

2 . 4 S c r e e n s h o o t s o f P D A S c a n T o o l 2 . 1 2

2.5 CarChip Fleet and D r i v e R i g h t 6 0 0 2 . 1 3

2 . 6 R P M D a t a L o g g i n g 2 . 1 4

2.7 S c a n G a u g e II 2 . 1 5

2.8 G a u g e D a t a D i s p l a y 2 . 1 5

2 . 9 D T C Report u s i n g CarChip Fleet 2 . 1 8

2 . 1 0 Graphical U s e r Interface for S c a n G a u g e ' s D T C D i s p l a y 2 . 1 8

2 . 1 1 S c a n G a u g e ' s Trip Information D i s p l a y 2 . 2 0

2 . 1 2 Trip Information S y s t e m in the S e l e c t e d H y u n d a i G e t z 2.21

2 . 1 3 A V R - B a s e d Fuel C o n s u m p t i o n S y s t e m 2.21

2 . 1 4 M M C Architecture and Register D e s c r i p t i o n 2 . 3 0

2 . 1 5 O v e r v i e w o f M u l t i M e d i a C a r d B u s P r o t o c o l s 2.31

2 . 1 6 T w o Clusters and Eight Sectors 2 . 3 4

3.1 S y s t e m O v e r v i e w o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3.1

3 . 2 Project A c t i v i t i e s 3 . 2

3.3 P r o p o s e d S y s t e m Features 3.3

3 . 4 S y s t e m Architecture o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 6

3.5 B a s i c Microcontroller Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 0

3 . 6 B u f f e r M e m o r y Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 2

3.7 A l p h a n u m e r i c L C D Architecture 3 . 1 3

3.8 T i m i n g C o m p a r i s o n B e t w e e n L C D and Microcontroller 3 . 1 4

3.9 S c h e m a t i c o f L C D o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 5

3 . 1 0 N a v i g a t i o n B u t t o n s Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 6

3.11 D S 1 3 0 7 Real T i m e C l o c k S c h e m a t i c D i a g r a m o f P r o p o s e d

S y s t e m 3 . 1 7

3 . 1 2 M M C Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 1 9

3 . 1 3 O B D - I I Interface Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3 . 2 0

3 . 1 4 M a i n P o w e r S u p p l y Circuit o f P r o p o s e d S y s t e m 3.21

3 . 1 5 A d d r e s s M a p p i n g for B u f f e r M e m o r y and L C D o f the P r o p o s e d

S y s t e m 3 . 2 3

3 . 1 6 Initialization, Write C o m m a n d and Write Data Subroutines o f

L C D 3 . 2 4

3 . 1 7 Data and M e n u A r e a for 2 0 x 4 L C D 3 . 2 4

3 . 1 8 L C D Subroutines for Graphical U s e r Interface D i s p l a y 3 . 2 5

3 . 1 9 N a v i g a t i o n Buttons F l o w Chart 3 . 2 6

3 . 2 0 D S 1 3 0 7 T i m i n g D i a g r a m 3 . 2 7

3.21 I2C Start and Stop Condition F l o w Chart 3 . 2 8

3 . 2 2 I2C Transmit and R e c e i v e F l o w Chart 3 . 2 9

3 . 2 3 Data Write M o d e 3 . 3 0

3 . 2 4 Data Read M o d e 3.31

3 . 2 5 D S 1 3 0 7 Register A d d r e s s 3.31

3 . 2 6 Write and Read M o d e o f R T C L o w - L e v e l F l o w Chart 3 . 3 2

3 . 2 7 SPI M a s t e r - S l a v e Interconnection and C o m m u n i c a t i o n F l o w

Chart 3 . 3 6

3 . 2 8 Send C o m m a n d , Set, Write, and R e a d a B l o c k Subroutine 3 . 3 7

3 . 2 9 S i n g l e B l o c k Write and Read Operation in SPI M o d e 3 . 3 8

3.31 Data B y t e frame o f T r a n s m i s s i o n and R e c e i v i n g Format 3 . 4 0

3 . 3 2 U A R T Setup and R e c e i v e Subroutines 3.41

3 . 3 3 U A R T Transmit and B u s y C h e c k i n g Subroutine 3 . 4 2

3 . 3 4 H i g h - L e v e l Operation 3 . 4 3

3 . 3 5 F l o w Control o f B a s i c S o f t w a r e 3 . 4 5

3 . 3 6 F A T Structure on a M M C 3 . 4 6

3 . 3 7 F A T 16 B o o t R e c o r d 3 . 4 7

3 . 3 8 F A T T a b l e 3 . 4 8

3 . 3 9 Directory Table 3 . 4 9

3 . 4 0 Intel, hex File Format 3.51

3.41 Stage 1 Operation F l o w Chart 3 . 5 3

3 . 4 2 Tasks States 3 . 5 6

3.43 D e f a u l t to M e n u D i s p l a y Operation 3 . 5 9

3 . 4 4 L i v e Data D i s p l a y Operation 3 . 5 9

3 . 4 5 D i a g n o s t i c Trouble C o d e ( D T C ) D i s p l a y Operation 3 . 6 0

3 . 4 6 Trip Information D i s p l a y Operation 3.61

3 . 4 7 Service R e m i n d e r D i s p l a y Operation 3.61

3 . 4 8 C l o c k Setting D i s p l a y Operation 3.61

3 . 4 9 A b o u t D i s p l a y Operation 3.61

3 . 5 0 Stage 3 Operation F l o w Chart 3 . 6 3

4.1 Board 1 4 . 2

4 . 2 Board 2 4 . 2

4.3 C o m p l e t e S y s t e m in a B o x 4 . 2

4 . 4 Interfacing Test with L o g i c A n a l y z e r 4 . 4

4.5 B o u n c i n g Signal o f the Button 4.5

4 . 6 Z o o m - i n o f First 2 2 . 8 4 m s Area 4.5

4 . 7 Simulation Snapshot 4 . 6

4.8 L C D Output D i s p l a y 4 . 7

4 . 9 L C D Data C o m m u n i c a t i o n 4 . 7

4 . 1 0 B u f f e r M e m o r y Content in Simulation Software 4.8

4.11 Write and Read Operation in External R A M 4.8

4 . 1 2 Write M o d e Operation 4 . 9

4 . 1 3 Write and R e a d Operation 4 . 9

4 . 1 4 Generate 8 C l o c k for 10 T i m e s with S S A c t i v e L o w 4 . 1 0

4 . 1 5 CMDO and R e s p o n s e ( Olh) 4 . 1 0

4 . 1 6 M M C in Idle M o d e 4.11

4 . 1 7 C M D 1 and R e s p o n s e (OOh) 4.11

4 . 1 8 Write Operation 4 . 1 2

4 . 1 9 Write C o m m a n d and R e s p o n s e 4 . 1 2

4 . 2 0 Start Data T o k e n (FEh) and Data 4 . 1 2

4.21 C h e c k s u m Transmission and R e s p o n s e from Card 4 . 1 2

4 . 2 2 B u s y Signal After Write Operation for 1200 Clock Pulses 4 . 1 3

4 . 2 3 M M C Data V i e w in the W i n H e x Software 4 . 1 3

4 . 2 4 Read Operation 4 . 1 4

4 . 2 5 C M D 1 7 and R e s p o n s e 4 . 1 4

4 . 2 6 C l o c k Pulses D e l a y For Data T o k e n Start Signal 4 . 1 4

4 . 2 7 Read Operation Data and C h e c k s u m B y t e s 4 . 1 4

4 . 2 8 O B D - I I Connector and Pin D e s i g n a t i o n 4 . 1 5

4 . 2 9 O B D - I I Testing Setup in Hyundai Getz 4 . 1 6

4 . 3 0 Battery V o l t a g e Reading 4 . 1 6

4.31 Searching D a t a M e s s a g e 4 . 1 7

4 . 3 2 O B D - I I Data 4 . 1 7

4 . 3 3 N o Data M e s s a g e 4 . 1 8

4 . 3 4 U n a b l e to C o n n e c t M e s s a g e 4 . 1 8

4 . 3 5 S y s t e m T e s t i n g 4 . 1 9

4 . 3 6 Pattern 1 o f C o o p e r a t i v e Kernel 4 . 1 9

4 . 3 7 Pattern 2, 3, 4 and 5 o f C o o p e r a t i v e Kernel 4 . 2 0

4 . 3 8 Trip Information S u m m a r y in M i c r o s o f t E x c e l and N o t e p a d 4 . 2 2

4 . 3 9 S e r v i c e R e m i n d e r D a t a in M i c r o s o f t E x c e l and N o t e p a d 4 . 2 2

4 . 4 0 Folder A l l o c a t i o n in M M C 4 . 2 3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A B S A n t i l o c k Braking S y s t e m

C A N Controller A r e a N e t w o r k

C R C C y c l i c R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k

D T C D i a g n o s t i c T r o u b l e C o d e s

D y n o D y n a m o m e t e r

E C G Electrocardiogram

E C U E l e c t r o n i c Control Unit

E E G E l e c t r o e n c e p h a l o g r a p h i c

E O B D E u r o p e a n On-board D i a g n o s t i c S y s t e m s

E R R Error D e t e c t i o n B y t e

F A T File A l l o c a t i o n T a b l e

G U I Graphical U s e r Interface

I S O International Standards Organization

M A F M a s s Air F l o w

M I L M a l f u n c t i o n Indicator Light

M M C M u l t i M e d i a C a r d

M M C A M u l t i M e d i a C a r d A s s o c i a t i o n

M P G M i l e s per G a l l o n

M S B M o s t S i g n i f i c a n t B i t s

N T F S N e w Table File S y s t e m

O B D - I On-board D i a g n o s t i c Generation - I

O B D - I I On-board D i a g n o s t i c Generation - I I

O E M Original E q u i p m e n t Manufacturer

P C M Powertrain Control M o d u l e

P D A Persona] Digital A s s i s t a n t

R T C Real T i m e C l o c k

S A E S o c i e t y o f A u t o m o t i v e Engineers

S D Secure Digital

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

S R A M Static R a n d o m A c c e s s M e m o r y

S R S S u p p l e m e n t a l Restraint S y s t e m

U A R T U n i v e r s a l A s y n c h r o n o u s R e c e i v e r Transmitter

V P M Variable P u l s e M o d u l a t i o n

V S S V e h i c l e S p e e d S e n s o r

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

E v e r y a u t o m o b i l e is e q u i p p e d w i t h electrical instrumentation panel as a driver

information centre, formerly k n o w n as a dashboard. It contains various g a u g e s ,

indicators and warning lights that provide valuable information to the driver [1].

G a u g e s provide scaled indication o f the s y s t e m condition. N o r m a l l y , they c o m e w i t h

f i v e basic g a u g e s that are f o u n d on all instrumentation panels: a s p e e d o m e t e r , an

odometer, a tachometer, a fuel level g a u g e , and a temperature g a u g e . Whereas, the

indicator lights supply information o f s o m e t h i n g that has b e e n turned on, s u c h as

high b e a m and turn signal. W h i l e , warning lights g i v e notification to the driver about

the f u n c t i o n i n g p r o b l e m s in s o m e s y s t e m s or there is a situation exists that m u s t be

f i x e d . T h e e x a m p l e s o f the s y s t e m s that h a v e warning lights are an e n g i n e

m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m ( e m i s s i o n related s y s t e m ) , an airbag o f supplemental restraint

s y s t e m ( S R S ) , an antilock braking s y s t e m ( A B S ) , an oil pressure, a brake fluid level

and a charging s y s t e m .

A n o t h e r s y s t e m that has b e e n integrated in s o m e o f instrumentation panel is a trip

information s y s t e m . This s y s t e m p r o v i d e s vital data such as a v e r a g e or instantaneous

fuel c o n s u m p t i o n , fuel remaining, average speed, m i l e s to e m p t y fuel tank, estimated

t i m e o f arrival, time, and date [2]. W i t h this t e c h n o l o g y , the driver can k n o w the

j o u r n e y cost and try to m i n i m i z e fuel c o n s u m p t i o n by controlling the acceleration