SAM – a holistic process for managing infrastructure systems assets.
A violin is a systems infrastructure asset. It is made up of a closely knitted family of component assets — the body design and materials, front and back plates, the sides, F-holes, the belly, bass bar and sound post inside, the air inside that produces the Helmholtz resonance, the neck, fingerboard, pegbox, tailpiece, saddle, bridge, fine tuner, the strings, and so on, and the left fingers on the string together with the bow that produce the timbre vibrato — all are interrelated and interdependent. The violin is an essential physical asset that produces reliably a service, which is the musical sound the violin produces, when it’s played by a violinist. The master violin craftsmen produce and maintain such quality assets.
Infrastructure assets must perform like a violin – to deliver reliable public services &
enhance community’s quality of life.
SAM ensures an Asset performs more than the Sum of its Parts.
SAM
SYSTEMIC ASSET MANAGEMENT
SAMINTRO-WORKSHOP
.
EAROPH-APIGAM.
10 NOV 2011This Intro-Workshop prepared by KC Leong is based on his 2
ndSAM book:
“SAM for Human Settlement Sustainability – A Guide for Infrastructure Assets Management by Government Agencies”.
T
Page 2
CONTENTS
1. Infrastructure Assets since Ancient Times ... 2
2. Some Key Basics of Infrastructure Assets ... 3
3. Nature’s Living Systems — Humans must learn from Nature ... 5
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM ... 7
5. Asset Maintenance in SAM ... 14
6. The Holistic Process of SAM ... 15
7. SAM Applications and Conclusion ... 16
The ancients
learned that infrastructure could give them services and support human settlements.The Sumerians started
urbanization as early as during 4000 BC. They had the
infrastructure to do that, such as:
Canals for public transportation, trades and flood control.
Canals for irrigation to support farming and orchards.
Sun-dried bricks and timbers to construct buildings
Develop education and writing to support public admin
Sun-dried brick tablets to record
data including production of invoices, requisition orders, ration lists and real estate records.
The pictures below show how the Sumerians developed art, culture, architecture, political structures...
1.
INFRASTRUCTURE SINCE ANCIENT TIMES
Map of Mesopotamia during the old Babylonian Period, c. 2000-1600 BC
Urban Residential Area Layout in the ancient City of Ur
Economic Text of Ur during the Neo-Sumerian Period
Plan of Old Babylonian City Ur
The Ziggurat at Ur built by Ur-Nammu (2112-2095), founder of 3rdDynasty of Ur
Right: Courtyard Cluster-Layout of urban housing in Ur to provide security and natural ventilation.
Far Right: Aerial view of the Temenos area of Ur. Areas marked red is the Ziggurat, green the Giparu, yellow the royal tombs and blue the residential area of EG.
Source of the above photos &
graphics:
Odessey: Adventures in Archaeology - Ur in the Age of Hammurabi
1st 1/3 2nd 1/3 3rd 1/3 RED ZONE
2. Infrastructure Assets: Some Basics
Why are Infrastructure called Assets
Because when they don’t provide reliable and affordable public-services and enhances people’s quality of life, they are serious liabilities to the public.
That’s why they are called Assets, as they have to be Assets.
Infrastructure are Systems Assets
As systems assets, they are made up of sub-assets and sub-sub-assets, and each systems asset is interrelated and interdependent with other asset systems and the
communities they serve.
All Infrastructure Assets have Multiple-lifecycles
As assets are made up of systems, at times some of the components may cease to function. By renewing these components, the whole asset system will work again and continue to give reliable service. With planned
maintenance, the infrastructure asset can function for a long time having many lifecycles.
Roads, railway lines or canals died? Never. We never allow them to reach the end of their life. We renew or upgrade them; they perform as good as new.
What are the Asset Deterioration
Characteristics (Fig.-1) A physical asset of
infrastructure has three zones of deterioration. Deterioration in the Green Zone is very slow, in the Yellow Zone it’s faster but signs of deterioration become visible. In the Red
Zone, it is very fast. If nothingis done, it’s functionality will go from 72% to zero resulting in total breakdown.
So, keep the asset
performing in the Green Zone as long as possible. When it reaches the Yellow Zone, start planning for renewal or
upgrading.
Slow
deterioration
LIFE SPAN OF ASSET 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Lowest Function or Total Failure
Signs of deterioration start showing in this zone. Passing halfway they become noticeable
Fast
deterioration
Very fast deterioration
Once in this zone asset starts malfunctioning
Beginning If it has zero maintenance Ending
GREEN ZONE
YELLOW ZONE Max.
Function
Figure-1 Asset Deterioration Characteristics within a Single Life Span
Page 4
Figure-3 Asset Failure Chain-Reactions within Multiple Asset Systems
View of Sampoong Department Store after its middle section had collapsed Source: Spreadia,
2. Infrastructure Assets: Some Basics
Quality of Life
of Commuters The POOR are affected most; they can’t afford
alternatives, & their livelihoods depend on reliable bus service – but they are not getting it
Social Costs start here
In developing countries, frequently road cracks and surface
deterioration due to poor design &
specification, bad workmanship, no planned maintenance, timely investigation and repairs.
Conditions worsen due to flooding caused by drainage failures.
Roads develop shoving, ripples, cracks, surface deterioration, potholes & other defects. Road foundation fails due to ground water, road may collapse suddenly
Roads in such a condition slow down traffic, cause accidents
& damage vehicles Road System
Management
Bad roads, slow traffic &
damaged buses Bus Transport
System
Buses are old, subject to heavy usage and over loading, lack regular and pro-active
maintenance and timely repairs.
There are frequent breakdowns, resulting in unreliable
bus transport service.
Environmental Management
Problems: poor surface water drainage management, constant environmental changes; flash flood damaging roads, culverts, bridges, railways, & building foundations; land developments letting soil and debris choking the drain systems
Drainage
System
Management Drainage systems
not proactively managed, flooding weakening road foundations Problems: indiscriminate deforestation,
hill-slope cutting, soil erosion, poor flood prevention & management
Floods stop bus services altogether The fissure of 5m wide by 10m deep
– highway near Gosford, NSW.
Source: ABC News.
When Infrastructure Assets fail, it’s
catastrophic
It should not have happened.
With SAM, we can prevent them from happening.
Asset Failure Chain- Reactions within Multiple Asset Systems
The community relying on the bus service are badly affected
Soil & debris choking up streams, wetlands, &
surface drainage systems;
uncontrolled flooding during monsoons
HUMANS’ CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM
3. Nature’s Living Systems—
Humans must learn from Nature
Nature’s Ecosystem Nature’s ecosystem is abiotic factors (air, water, rocks, energy) + biotic factors (plants, animals, and
microorganisms). Together this huge system of systems continually evolved over some three billion years to make the Mother Earth sustainable. Despite the intensity of creations, nature has no waste. When
infrastructure in the living world was right, humans were evolved.
Humans’ Cultural Ecosystem
When humans came, they became dominant in every aspect – worse today – population of 6 billion and growing. Humans try to fit in with Mother Earth. They created the Cultural Ecosystem and try hard to regulate its resources and wastes. But humans are too selfish!
With SAM, we learn from Nature to regulate, regenerate and manage systemically and holistically our infrastructure.
René Descartes Sir Issac Newton
Fritjof Capra OBJECT-THINKING SYSTEMS-THINKING
Systems Thinking (ST)
‘For every action there’s a equal & opposite reaction’.
This is rare unless in a head-on collision.
Infrastructure assets are all systems. Understand the systems of sub-systems and other systems, they are
interrelated and manage them accordingly. In ST we deal with chain reactions. We adapt to the process of
epistemology, which is ‘understanding the process of knowing’. We must learn from nature; we do that through SAM.
Figure-6: Shift from Object to Relationships Source: Fritjof Capra, 1997, “The Web of Life”
NATURE’S ECOSYSTEM
Herbivores Carnivores
Decomposers CONSUMPTION
RECYCLING PRODUCTION
Air, Water Energy (Sun)
Green Plants Minerals
Figure-4:! Natural Ecosystem
Source:! William and Ruth Eblen, 1977, Experiencing the Total Environment.
New York, Scholastic Book Service; p. 186 in Ruth and Willam Eblen, Eds., 1994, The Encyclopedia of the Environment, Houghton Mifflin Co., N.Y.
CONSUMPTION
DEMAND
PRODUCTION (Supply)
Natural Resources
Capital Human Resources
(People)
Labour
Nonrenewable Renewable
Air, Water, Soil, Forests
Fossil Fuels (Coal, Oil, Gas)
Minerals Rare Earths
Hydroelectric and Solar DISTRIBUTION (Communication,
Transportation)
Figure-5:! Cultural Ecosystem
Source: ! William and Ruth Eblen, 1977, Experiencing the Total Environment.
New York, Scholastic Book Service; p. 186 in Ruth and Willam Eblen, Eds., 1994, The Encyclopedia of the Environment, Houghton Mifflin Co., N.Y.
RECYCLING
Page 6
Ground & Front Staff organism
CEO
Figure-8: The conventional top down hierarchical pyramid structure of
organizations
EXTERNALITIES CLIENTS EXTERNALITIES Figure-7:
Capra’s Systems Tree which draws
nourishments
from top (leaves) and bottom (roots)
Source: Compiled from Fritjof Capra, 1983, The Turning Point - Science, Society and the Rising Culture
Mid-Management
cells tissues organs
organ systems Leaf
Nourishmen t
LIVING SYSTEMS
Root Nourishme nt
3. Nature’s Living Systems—
Humans must learn from Nature
Capra’s Systems Tree
In living systems, such as a tree, it takes nourishment from the top (the leaves) and the bottom (the roots). Fritjof Capra calls this the “Systems Tree” as show in Figure-7.In nature, all systems co-exist.
They work in interrelationships.
They work top-down as much as bottom-up, and horizontally too, in all directions depending on the environment.
The Community of Practice
In SAM, the staff at the bottom is the facing the front line.They know the assets’
performance; they know the asset end-users’ reactions and why;
they know which of their colleagues are doing the right thing and which are having internal and/or external problems.
They are the most important community in an asset
management organization. When such a community is in positive practice and enjoying recognition by the top management, the entity is enjoying a win-win situation.
Figure-8 is nature’s structure of organization.
Nature’s Autopoiesis
Nature always changes with the environment; this is the process with which a natural asset restructures itself to maintain the vitality of the living world. SAM learns from that.
Through SAM holistic process, everything works with everything as a community in practice.
They regulate themselves to stay healthy and grow; they restructure themselves so that the community can manage each other for the benefit of the whole, which is more than the sum of the parts.
Senior Management
CEO
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
E E c o n o m i c P r o s p e r i t y Economic-
system
Biosphere
Social System
Mother Earth is our only Home
Mother Earth is the only planet that we can call HOME. So don’t rubbish it and don’t knock it.
Figure-9 shows the realistic relationship between the 3 Systems – Nature’s ecosystem is the largest that supports Earth.
The Social System is the next most important in the relationship.
The Economic System is the smallest but which can destroy even the Ecosystem. All living systems will not survive.
But the Economic System Dominates
Figure-10 shows where we are heading. The Global-capitalism of a relative few want maximum profit making. They let the Social System in the middle because they need them to get super rich.
The Ecosystem? Well, who cares?
It is the least important, let the future generations worry about it.
Here comes SAM
SAM embraces Nature, it therefore thinks differently.
Without a healthy Ecosystem, Mother Earth will not survive;
neither will all living systems, including humans, be able to do so.
SAM goes for the 3-E Dynamic Balance for Human Settlement Sustainability. See Figure-11 below.
Figure-11! Systemic Asset Management’s System Network extending to 3-Es’ Dynamic Balance
for Human Settlement Sustainability − APIGAM APIGAM’s
SAM with 3-E Dynamic Balance
for Human Settlement
Sustainability Environmental
Integrity
Social Equity Economic
Prosperity
Nature created the only Living System on Mother Earth;
don’t knock it down!
Global-capitalism of a relatively few Social-
system Biosphere ?
Ecosystem
Figure-9: The Relationships between
the Ecosystem, Social-system & Economic-system
Figure-10: The Unsustainable Reversed
Relationships between the Global-capitalism, Social- system, and Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Page 8
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
1. Issues Relevant at an Infrastructure Asset’s Planning Stage
2. Site & External Factors &
Conditions Relevant to an Asset
3. Choice of a Non-asset or a New Asset Strategy
4. Criteria Influencing Asset Design & Construction
5. Financial Matters that are Crucial at the Planning Stage 6. Other Factors
First : Interrelationships & Interdependencies
1. All physical assets’
environmental, social and economic conditions and human needs are always changing
2. We learn Epistemology &
put the knowledge into actions
3. We establish a living
Asset Register4. The Register contains an Asset’s Whole-of-life
Databank
5. Asset Conditions 6. Asset Performance
7. Records of Whole-of-life Asset Operation and
Maintenance
8. Whole-of-life Financial Management Records 5. User-Complaints 6. Other Factors
Second : Epistemology – understanding the process of knowing
ASSET REGISTER
It is one the most important systems process of SAM. It contains the whole-of-life data of an asset that we are managing.
Remember, no information, no management? Well, this is it, whether the
information is positive or negative, human problems or natural disasters, financial problems or accounting systems failures…. Unless we know, we can’t overcome the crises.
With the Asset Register acting as a true data bank we can analyze any situations
or conditions, we can manage any risks, and we can make sound decisions. We
know how, when, and how much we are enhancing the people’s Q-O-L.
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
Third : Homeostasis – Nature’s self regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to maintain themselves in a state of dynamic balance with their variables fluctuating between tolerance limits.
Homeostasis Process – An Example : Cradle-to-Cradle
Nature does it through the cells of metabolism. Humans do it by deliberate intervention using Planned Asset Maintenance to keep the assets’ conditions in the Green Zone as long as possible.
Figure-12 below shows the asset benefits as a result. Asset has longer service life with little breakdowns, after a long service life, the asset gets components renewals through life-cycle management, its cycle of life is
‘cradle-to-cradle, it has better depreciation values based on asset condition enhancement …..
Figure-12: Homeostasis (Self-regulating) Process in SAM to Maximize Asset’s Functional (Service) Life Span and Residual Value of Investment
Scenario−2: Cradle−to−Adult-Grave With No Planned Asset Maintenance
Designed Life Span is much longer Green
Zone Yellow
Zone Red
Zone
Good Level Just Tolerable Level
Intolerable Level
Green
Zone Yellow
Zone Red
Zone 100
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Designed Life Span is much longer Actual Functional Life Span Improved Actual Functional Life Span
Scenario−1: Cradle−to−Early Grave With near-zero asset maintenance
Scenario−3: Cradle−to−Cradle
With Planned Preventive Asset Maintenance to Attain Maximal Functional (Service) Life Span, while Maintaining True-Fair-Asset-Value with Condition-based Depreciation.
Notice 2nd Lifecycle must start before 1st Lifecyle ends completely.
Infrastructure Assets are not allowed to deteriorate to Zero Value for public safety sake.
Zero Value Line of Asset
Green
Zone Yellow
Yellow Zone Green Zone
Zone
ZoneRed Induced Self-Regulation to Slow Down Deterioration Rate
Straight-line Depreciation − wrong (disregarding continual asset condition maintenance)
Use this True Depreciation
− Condition-based depreciation
Asset is Obsolete
− Dispose of it based on economic considerations
Sell it at this value
NOT at straight-line depreciation residual value Asset Renewal to
start 2nd Lifecycle
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Actual Span of Asset’s 2nd Lifecycle
Actual Span of Asset’s 1st Lifecycle
Designed Functional (Service) Life Span of Asset
Asset’s Total Designed Functional (Service) Life Span True Residual Value when 1st Lifecycle ends
− Condition-based depreciation
In the book, there are other practical examples of dynamic homeostatic balance in the face of
multiple, interdependent fluctuations, such as that in storm-water drainage management, etc.
Page 10
<robjsoftware.org> give the most simple and enlightening definition:
“Autopoietic system creates itself, sustains itself, and produces itself, whereas an allopoietic system is externally created and produces something other than itself.
“A living amoeba is a dynamic autopoietic system— its continued existence … [is a process] of self-sustainment.
“A watch [is an allopoietic system] … no ability to sustain itself. Its sole purpose is to tell time … only useful to the users … not to the watch itself if the watch
malfunctions, it must be repaired externally.”
Fourth : Autopoiesis – A Greek word meaning “self-making”.
Allopoiesis – The opposite word.
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
Find out more when you have more time The process of AUTOPOIESIS is important to SAM:
1
stis its “self-renewal”; 2
ndis its ability to create new organizational structure in order to maintain a dynamic balance with external factors as well as its internal dynamics.
Translating this to SAM and we have the following Autopoietic Processes in SAM:
Process 1: Self-renewal
(a) Planned Systems-Asset Renewal (b) SAM Guidelines
a. Asset Data
b. Records of Planned and Unplanned Maintenance records c. Records of Condition Assessments
d. Records of Asset Performance Audit
e. Capital costs and length of asset’s service life f. Annual Depreciation Value
g. Current Asset Residual Value h. And more …
Process 2: Self-generation & Self-regeneration
(a) Systemic Regeneration of a Meaningful Asset Management Organization
(b) Generation of a “Learning Organization”
(c) The problems of an organization being too hierarchical
(d) The rank and file of an organization knows the external forces as well as the internal dynamics – how the top management can learn from them as a “Community of Practice”?
(e) Establishing the Community of Practice.
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
Fifth : Formal and Informal Organizational Structures that deal best the Entity’s Change and Continuity
Figure-13:! Conventional topdown hierarchical pyramid organization structure creating a Pressure Cooker at Ground Zero. This is not a Learning Organization that Asset Management critically needs
Demands from the Public-Service End-Users and Environmental Factors (Ecological, Social & Economic)
Top Level Decision Making
➡ Commanding
High Level
⇧Decision Processing
➡ Instructing
Mid Level
⇧Analyzing & Reporting
➡Instruction Downwards
Ground Zero
➡Implementing Commands
⇧Facing Public Demands
& other Externalities
Internal Structural Conflict Dynamics
Rank & File Staff Members In the ‘Pressure Cooker’
Mid-Management Senior Management
CEO
Formal StructureInformal Structure
Remember, we are dealing with Infrastructure Assets. These assets are ‘living systems’,
meaning they can change and adapt to external factors and internal dynamics. But we
must help asset to know where, when and how change and continuity takes place. The
ground staff members know it. Through them the organization becomes a LEARNING
ORGANIZATION. Its top-half management remains formal but the bottom-half becomes
informal and acts as a COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE. Through SAM, we ensure the asset
management organization practices it.
Page 12
Sixth : Financial Management in SAM
• Economic & Financial Appraisal of Assets
• Accounting Standards – Traditional Cash-based Vs IPSAS Accrual- based Standards
• The Four Bases of Public Accounting Systems
• Department of Treasury and Ministry of Finance
• Non-asset Solutions to Public-service Delivery
• The Infrastructure Relativity of the Rich and the Poor
• Intergeneration Distribution of Infrastructure Asset Creation and Maintenance without causing a Burden on Future Generations
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
Asset Life Cycle Management incorporating Financial Management under SAM
1. Asset Life Cycle Cost Management 2. Asset Life Cycle Budgeting
3. Asset Life Cycle Cost Recoveries
Seventh : Systematic Vs Systemic
To put it simply
Systematic – done or acting to a fixed plan or system Standards.
Systemic – of or relating to a system as a whole.
Systematic – processes or systems that are repeatable and predictable, producing the same result each time, every time.
Systemic – multi-disciplinary, multi-sectoral, holistic, integrative and interdependent nature of each part of a ‘whole’, system of systems, each influences and interacts with the whole.
Systematic – focuses on predetermined results.
Systemic – focuses on interrelatedness from which the results are meeting the continually changing external factors
Systematic – Rigid, rely on a prepared manual, top-down; just do what you have been told.
Systemic – Get the essence from networking, learn from other systems to minimize chain-reactions, make sure results are based on real
needs, learn from past experience, if you need a manual, create or
modify a standard one to suit your environment.
Eight : SAM Framework for Sustainability Outcomes
4. Fundamental Principles of SAM
NEEDS
Living Envirnmt Community Human Setlmt
Environmental Social Equity Economic
Public Services Delivery Human Settlement Sustainability Enhancement
Peop
le’s Q-‐O-‐L Enhancement
Maintaining 3-‐E
to Ensure Sustainability
Managing Change &
Continuity To External Factors &
Internal Dynamics
Asset Knowledge
2
1 Asset Objectives Asset Skills 3
Asset Tools 4
5 Asset Decisions
St ep Po w er©
Page 14 Asset Management has
Two Streams
They are the Planned
Maintenance (PM) Stream and the Unplanned Maintenance (UM) Stream SAM and PM
SAM focuses on Planned Maintenance. Scheduled Inspection is the main feature of this stream. It is through regular inspection that the organization can decide whether an asset should proceed to the sub- stream of Preventive Maintenance or that for Condition-based
Maintenance (CbM). The Inspection may require the CbM to investigate whether certain assets require Critical Asset Defects Diagnosis (CADD) by Specialists. If it is YES, then it is referred to the Management for funds to carry out the CADD, and a
calamity may be avoided.
Corrective Maintenance In addition to the 2 Streams, there is a 3rd – The Corrective Maintenance (CM) or Breakdown Condition-based Maintenance (BCbM) which is for breakdown or
emergency maintenance works.
Unplanned Maintenance
This ad hoc is the most common way in maintenance works. ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’. Unfortunately, it is a kind of ‘fire-fighting’ effort, as it invariably caused collateral damages.
In the long run UM costs more and results in many work interruptions.
For the sake of short-term profit showing, big businesses go for this approach. The Public Sector must not.
5. Asset Maintenance in SAM
Figure-15:! Types of Asset Maintenance
Maintenance Types in Two Streams
Unplanned Maintenance Stream
Planned Maintenance Stream
Corrective Maintenance
(Breakdown Condition-
based Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
(Shutdown Maintenance)
Scheduled Maintenance
Report back to Management for Upgrading,
Renewal or Condemned Condition -
based Maintenance
Includes Predictive Maintenance Preventive
Maintenance (Operational /
Running Maintenance)
Non- critical, back to CBM
In-house Investigation
Call Back Maintenance
Deferred Maintenance Emergency
Maintenance Emergency
Maintenance Time-
based Sub-Stream
Condition- based Sub-Stream Scheduled INSPECTIONS
Critical Asset Defects
Diagnosis by Specialists
Asset Maintenance is a key action-packed process under SAM. Read the Book to find out more.
6. The Holistic Process of SAM
Figure-16:! Flow Chart SAM with Total Transparency & Accountability − An Integrated Process from Asset Needs Requirement through to SAM Outcomes of Enhancement of People’s Q-O-L
Public Service Delivery Human Settlement
Sustainability People’s Quality-of-Life Enhancement
Public-Service Plans & Strategies
Infrastructure Creation with SAM For People & Mother Earth’s Needs
ECONOMIC NEEDS SOCIAL
NEEDS ECOLOGICAL
NEEDS
ASSET REQUISITION
TO PROVIDE PUBLIC SERVICES
Infrastructure Creation through SAM By People for meet HS Needs & Mother Earth’s
Federal Finance Min.
& Treasury GOVT ENTITY / AGENCY
CORPORATE PLANNING Empowered by Community Practice
& Smart Structural Changes Within National
Government Policy
STATE Master Asset
Register Agency
SAM Planning Stakeholders &
Community Reps
SAM Check Lists &
Sensitivity Tests ICT Network
Intelligence
Good Governance Community Stakeholders
Participation Simulation Games support Network
Analysis
Full Planned Maintenance
1
3 Lifecycle
4 SAM 2
Agency Asset Register
SAM Financial Management Asset Performance Audit &
Condition-based Depreciation
4
ToolsSAMFeedback for Structural Change &
Overall Management
SAM Skills
3
SAM Decisions
5
SAM StepPower Starts
2
KnowledgeAsset1
ObjectivesAsset4
Homeostasis
Autopoiesis Epistemology Asset-Community Interrelationships
Asset-&- other-assets Interrelationships
3-E Dynamic Balance Managing Change &
Continuity caused by
External Factors
& Internal Dynamics
Community Stakeholders Participation Community
Development &
Enhancement
Public Complaints
& Public-Service Performance Audit Led to long-term continual
Condition Maintenance
Putting them
altogether in a Flow Chart, this is what you get. It is not rocket science, but rather simple and straight forward – full of common sense. That’s how Nature does it. So can you.
Page 16
SAM Applications
This morning you saw Kerry McGovern presented a SAM application. It is the presentation on “Public Housing with Community Developing under SAM –
Enhancing the Resident Families’ Q-O-L”.Similarly we can also develop SAM applications for :
•
School Buildings with Teacher-Student Community Development under SAM.
•
Public Hospital Buildings with Medical-Staff and Patient Community Development under SAM.
•
Public Libraries with Librarian Staff and Public Reader Community Development under SAM.
•
Rural Roads and Drainage Systems with Road Management and Community Development under SAM.
•
Water Supply System with Water Management & Users Community Development under SAM.
•
So on and so forth.
Great, you have some applications in mind. Let’s have them. Together we can develop them using the principles and process of SAM
CONCLUSION
The new SAM book
“SAM for Human Settlement Sustainability – A Guide for Infrastructure Asset Management by Government Agencies”
In this workshop conducted by Kerry McGovern you saw an Introductory
Presentation of SAM based on KC Leong’s 2
ndbook: “SAM for Human Settlement Sustainability – A Guide for Infrastructure Assets Management by Government Agencies.”
This book will be published on-line during 2012. It will be launched together with the APIGAM’s Certificate SAM on-line Courses. It will be a pre-requisite for all those attending the courses to read the book for the purpose of saving time in technology transfer. Those interested to get a copy of the book may give your name, place of work, current job description, full details of your address, including telephone numbers and email address. When they are ready, APIGAM will alert you.
Hard copies will be published when a publisher is contracted.
7. SAM Applications & Conclusion
THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION & INTEREST MY HEARTFELT THANKS ALSO GO TO
KERRY MCGOVERN
WHO HAS BEEN SO KIND TO CONDUCT THIS WORKSHOP
