Orife,B (2003) further identified the structure of the paragraph to include:

ENGLISH LANGUAGE SS 2

TOPIC: Paragraph and paragraphing

The paragraph is a miniature of essay. Orife, B (2003) and Adegun, (2004) explained that the paragraph develops one single main idea, i.e. a central idea with supporting fact or details. Orife,B (2003) further identified the structure of the paragraph to include:

1. Topic sentence; The topic sentence state in general term the central idea of a paragraph. The central idea in turn is one of the points of an essay is basic organization, thus;

2. Supporting details; the topic sentence may be expanded in a number of ways, or it may come at the climax of a series of preparatory sentence supporting details may include examples, statistics and the opinion of authorities, thus; Because a paragraph contains one topic sentence but many supporting details it sentence will be found to vary in their levels of generality. This expression refers to the degree in which a sentence is either specific or general in the assertion it makes

TYPES OF PARAGRAH

The grammatical classification of paragraph is according to function: 1. Transitional paragraph

2. Defining paragraph 3. Explaining paragraph 4. Describing paragraph and 5. Narrative paragraph

They are for purpose of using the various techniques in locating ideas and understanding a particular paragraph. With those techniques, in a given comprehension passage, it is possible to identify the different level of paragraphs and help student to see relationships.

Suffice to mention that primarily, indentation is a grammatical feature and function of a paragraph it signifies that an idea has either started or ended and there is a pause before the next unit of expression begins.

ASSIGNMENT

Please submit to this E-MAIL. [email protected]

LIT. IN. ENGLISH SS 2 CAGED BIRD

BY

MAYA ANGELOU The poem

The free bird leaps On the back of the wind and floats downstream till the current ends and dips his wings in the orange sun rays and dares to claim the sky

But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage can seldom see through his wings are clipped and his feet are tied

so he opens his throat to sing.

The cage bird sings with fearful trill

of the things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the cage bird sings of freedom

The free bird thinks of another breeze and the trade winds soft through

the sighting trees and the fat worms waiting

on a dawn bright lawn and he names the sky his own.

But caged bird stands on the grave of dream his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream his wing are clipped and his feet are tired so he opens his throat to sing

The caged bird sings with a fearful trill of things unknown but longed for still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom

ASSIGNMENT

1. Narrate briefly the background of the poet” MAYA ANGELOU” 2. Carefully analyses the poem “ caged bird” by MAYA ANGELOU.

ACCOUNTING SS2

TOPIC: Method of rising funds from capital market.

1. Offer for sale: This whole issue of share allocated to an issuing house which offers them to the public by means of a document known as offer for sale.

2. By right issue: When a company is established, it may raise further capital by offering the share concerned to members on favorable terms.

3. By placing: This is the method of issuing securities through an intermediary such as a firm of stock brokers. The intermediary will endeavor to place the issue among its institutional

investors.

4. By prospectors: The company act requires a prospectus to be issued. The prospectus will show the relevant information about the company’s affairs, its development in past and future prospects.

Requirements for accessing capital market.

1.Base capital requirements : One must have designated amount as a deposit to operate in the capital market

2. To access the capital market one must be a corporation that is one must belong to large company or group of companies.( ie public company)

3. Registration requirement: A corporation that wants to access the capital market must first of all register with the security and exchange service commission

4. One must ensure that its holding company or related corporation where applicable has a good ranking in the country.

5. One must be subject to proper supervision by its home regulatory authority.

6. One must have the requirement that satisfies the monetary authority of the country that it will discharge its duties effectively, honestly and fairly.

ASSIGNMENT

Write short note on the following term 1. Debenture

2. Mortage 3. Interest

GEOGRAPHY SS 2

TOPIC: The evolution of landforms

Subtopic: Processes of landform( faulting) development.

Faulting explains tectonic ( geomorphic) force operating inside the earth crust which cause the lateral or vertical earth movements of the crustal plates causing tensional force on the crust resulting into significant formation of and evolution of interesting landforms.

Primarily among these landforms are block mountains, rift valleys and basins. Block mountains: The characteristics of block mountains includes

i. Made up of old hard rock with flat or slightly sloping surfaces ii. They have sleep sides

iii. They are associated with rift valleys iv. There is a block between two faults v. It has fairly steep, straight edges vi. They are usually very high.

vii. Examples include Huns truck, mountain, voges mountain, the black forest of the Rhineland and Ruwenzori.

Mode of formation of block mountain;

Block mountain are formed as a result of lateral or vertical movement of the earth crustal plates. They are formed when the earth crust(faulting) . The faulting itself results from the tensional or compressional force that the crustal plates may be subjected to.

Tensional forces are those that pulls the crust apart and this often result to a normal fault, while compressional force on the crustal plates forms reverse or thrust fault.

Rift valley: During faulting, there are times a block in between two faults may subside so that rift valley or graben is formed. The slopes and height of block mountain are often modified by agent of denudation.

Characteristics of rift valley:

ii. It has steep side walls

iii. It also has flat bud, at times, irregular floor iv. Rifts valley are usually very deep

Mode of formation: Rift valleys occurs when there are tensional and compressional force operating. Two parallel faults occur and these will be gravitational force leading to the sinking of the land between the faults

ASSIGNMENT

Explain with an aid of diagram, the characteristics and mode of formation of volcanic and residual mountains.

SS 2 Chemistry Home Tutorial

Week 5: Radioactivity contd

Rate of radioactive decay: Half-life

Half-life is the time it takes for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay or for the activity of the sample to halve or for the count rate to half.

The half-life of a radioactive carbon-14 is 5730years. If a sample of a tree (for sample) contains 64grams of radioactive carbon, after 5730years it will contain 32grams, after another 5730years that will have halve again to 16grams.

The process continues and although the activity might get very small it does not drop to zero completely.

Calculating the isotope remaining

The amount of a sample remaining after four half-lives could be expressed as:

 a fraction: a ½ of a ½ of a ½ of a ½ remains which is ½*½*½*½ =1/16 of the original sample

 a decimal: 1/16 = 0.0625 of the original sample Example:

The half-life of cobalt – 60 is 5years. If there are 100g of cobalt – 60 in a sample, how much will be left after 15years?

15years is three half-lives so the fraction remaining will be (½)3 = 1/8 * 100g = 12.5g

The shorter the half-life, the faster the isotope decays and the more unstable it is. On the other hand, the slower the decay process and the more unstable the isotope. Uranium – 238 isotope with t½ = 4.5 * 109years is almost stable while polonium – 212, with t½ = 3.0 *10-7sec is described as very unstable.

Assignment:

The half-life of molybdenum is 67.0 hours. How much of a 1.00 mg sample of the molybdenum. Types of radioactivity

a. natural radioactivity

The atoms of radioactive elements would change into atoms of another elements when they emit alpha particles or beta particles. This change is spontaneous and occurs due to

the instability of heavy nuclei. Such type of radioactive decay is called natural radioactive decay and the phenomenon is called natural radioactivity.

Natural radioactive elements decay naturally without any external influence until the convert is a stable nucleus.

Example: 238

92U 23490Th + 42He 234

90Th 23491Pa + 0-1e

Uranium series starts from U – 238 and finally converts to lead – 206 by the emission of eight alpha particles and six beta particls.

b. Artificial/induced radioactivity

Radioactivity is observed as a natural occurring process, It can also be artificially induced typically via the bombarding atoms of a specific element by radiating particles (fast

moving, energetic: α – particles, neutrons, protons, deuterons), thus creating new atoms. 14

7N + 42He 178O + 11H 9

4Be + 42He 126C + 10n Nuclear fission

Nuclear fission is a process of splitting a heavy nucleus such as uranium – 235 and plutonium – 239 into smaller fragments, usually as a result of the bombardment of the nucleus with fast neutrons.

235

92U + 10n 14156Ba + 9236Kr + 310n Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion involves the combination of nuclei of very lights atoms to form large nucleus. This is accompanied by the release of even much more energy than is obtained in fission reactions. 1

1H + 21H 32He + Energy Assignment 2:

State applications of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

BIOLOGY SS 2

TOPIC: LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution is the release of harmful substances, items, things on the surface of the land and in the soil, thereby making it unfit and unhealthy for survival of plants and animals.

Land pollutions Examples:

i. Improper disposal of refuse ii. metal scraps

iii. Untreated sewage iv. Oil spillage v. Excessive mining vi. deforestation

Effects of land pollutant. i. Kill soil micro- organisms

ii. generate offensive odor that cause air pollution, which may lead to an epidemic iii. Blocks the passage of gases

iv. Renders the soil infertile Water pollution

Water pollution is the release of toxic or harmful substance, item, things into water bodies that makes it unfit or unhealthy for survival of plants and animals.

Water pollutants.

i. Improper disposal of untreated sewage, ii. Improper disposal of refuse

iii. Oil spillage

iv. Chemical waste from industries factories dumped in water bodies v. Fertilizer, pesticides, insecticides washed by rain fall into water bodies

Effects of water pollutants

i. It triggers of aquatic plants which result in competition ii. occupies space, leading to migration

iii. Poisons the water, leading to death of aquatic animals iv. Blocks the passage of gases leading to suffocation and death. Control of water pollution.

i. Sewage should be properly treated and the water recycled.

ii. Laws should be enacted against indiscriminate dumping of waste in water bodies iii. proper use of insecticide, pesticide, etc. should be ensured.

iv. proper check and repair of oil pipes should be ensured

v. Chemicals that are aquatic friendly and not poisonous should be used for fishing by fishermen vi. Improper on light tenement against defecating and bathing in water bodies

vii. Illegal mining in water bodies should be avoided. Natural resources

Natural resources are gifts, assets, treasure, endowment, etc that God gave to man to explore and exploit for his betterment on the surface of the earth.

Natural resources examples i. Water plant ii. Forest animal

iii. Soil mineral resources iv. Air crude oil

v. Wildlife coal.

Natural resources can be grouped or classified into two 1. Renewable natural resources

These are the resources that can be replaced, recovered, redeemed, etc after usage or to make new again after use eg.

Water, forest, plants, animals, wildlife etc 2. Non- renewable natural resources.

These are the resources that cannot be recycled, replaced, recovered, redeem after usage or cannot be made new again e.g crude oil, mineral resources ect.

QUESTIONS

1. Highlight five ways you can employ to control land pollution I your community 2. Mention ten human activities that can pollute

a. the land b.The water

3. Define the following a. Forest

b. Wildlife

c. Endangered specie

4. Highlight ways you can conserve yourself as a natural resources.

COMMERCS SS 2

TOPIC: BANKING SYSTEM MEANING OF BANK

A bank is a commercial institution which performs various financial activities such as accepting and handling of deposit of its customers, create money and give out loan to people and kept other valuables such as jewellery, documents etc.

Origin of banking

Banking had its origin with the gold smiths in London in the seventeenth century. The gold smith had facilities for storing valuables for merchants such as money and other valuables. The gold smith began by accepting deposit of cash from merchants who had no place to keep their money the merchants in return pay some charges to the gold smiths.

Gradually receipts were designed to show evidence of payment by the merchants. The next stage of development of banking system was the development of money lending to customers with interest charged on it this yielded a lot of profit, thus inducing merchant to increase their deposit.

In recent times, banking system is developed that more sophisticated way of banking has been introduced.

Type of banks

There are several types of banks and they include. i. Commercial bank

ii. central bank iii. merchant bank iv. savings bank v. development bank Commercial banks

Meaning/ definition of commercial bank

Commercial bank are financial institutions and they are joint-stock companies liecenced by the central bank to accept deposits and other valuables from the public for safekeeping and giving out of loans to borrowers for the sole aim of making profit.

Features/ characteristics of commercial banks

1. Commercial banks are public limited liability companies act

2. They are licensed by the central bank to operate as commercial banks after meeting the central bank requirement.

3. They trade in money and securities

4. Being joint- stock companies they are owned by shareholders

5. They are network business ventures with multiple branches in all the state capital as well as major towns

6. There are profit oriented ventures.

FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

1. Accepting deposit: One of the oldest functions of the commercial bank is to accept deposit from the public for safekeeping. Money can be kept in current, fixed and saving accounts. 2. Grant loan: Commercial banks lend money to members of the public for personal or business purposes this is perhaps the most profitable functions of a commercial bank.

3. Safe keeping of valuables; Commercial banks accept valuables such as certificates, jewelries, wills etc. from customers for safekeeping.

4. Agent of payment: Commercial banks act as agent of their customers by a. Collecting and paying their cheques

b. Paying insurance premiums

c. Collecting rents, school and examination fee from members of the public on behave of their customers

5. Paying salaries, pension etc on behalf of corporate organizations whose staff maintain accounts with such banks.

6. Issuing of bank statement: At regular interval, the bank will prepare and send bank statement to their customers to show their transactions with them

7. Investment and stock exchange transaction: This is also known as brokerage services where banks act as agent for their customers in the purchase or sales of securities.

8. issuing of bank issue draft: Commercial banks issue bank cheques and bank draft on behalf of customers for payment in situation where physical cash or ordinary cheques are not required

9. Provide electronic credit transfer: Commercial banks make it possible for their customers and other members of the public to make payment to beneficiaries in distant location in a matter of hours through electronic transfer processes

10. Provide financial advice/ technical advices: Commercial banks encourage and advice businessmen on the type of project they should invest their money in.

11. Facilitate international trade:

a. Commercial banks provide credit to exporters and this facilitates payment in foreign trade b. Provide travelers cheques which enables travelers to collect local currency at countries of destination

c. Providing reference report on their customer. ASSIGNMENT

1. Explain clearly how people in your local community saved their valuables before the creation of bank

2. Discuss how bank are useful in modern time

PUNISHMENT AND HOPE S.S 2;CRS

This can be termed the suffering imposed on people as a result of their wrong doing. Hope on the other hand is what one expect or desire, which would eventually come in spite of obstacles.

Punishment and hope are two different lines which do not meet. They are dramatically opposite, yet in God's dealings with ISREAL, He brought this two seemingly incompatible words together, to go hand in hand throughout the Bible. Anytime God announces any punishment for his people, there would always be rays of hope somewhere provided there is repentance. This is clearly what this chapter is all about.

ISREALITES SINS

1. Israel has forsaken God and embraced Baal

2. Israel has forgotten the day's of old when God brought them out of Egypt. They have also forgotten how he sustained them and provided for them in the wilderness.

3. The former punishment Israel received from God failed to serve as a deterrent to them 4. There was injustice everywhere

5. There was falsehood people swearing falsely 6. There was the exploitation of the poor 7. There was sexual Immorality

8. There was adultery

9 people approached women in their period of impurity

10. There was oppression, robbery, wickedness and disobedience

11. There was blasphemy, and God and his Prophets were despised. These could be seen in the streets of Israel.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Why did JEREMIAH proclaim God's punishment on Judah? And mention 5 five things Jeremiah would have condemned in present day Nigeria

3. From your understanding of God. What do you consider as the nature of God in terms of punishment?

4. What lessons could be learnt from Israel’s experience? 5. Compare today with Israel. What similarities.

Economics

Class: SS2

Topic: Government revenue

Government revenue is the money received by a government from taxes and non-tax sources to enable it to undertake government expenditures.

Also is the total amount of money realized from taxes imposed?

Government revenue as well as government spending is components of the government budget and important tools of the government fiscal policy.

Some Budgetary concepts

1. Recurrent Revenue: money generated through taxes, fines, fees etc

2. Recurrent Expenditure: money spent by government on payment of salaries, wages of the government employees and payment of public debts and it interests.

3. Capital Receipt or Revenue: money generated by the government through loans, grants and aids from other countries and international financial institutions

4. Capital Expenditure: money spent by government on capital projects like construction of roads, bridges, dams, building of schools and hospital

Questions

Outline any six sources of government revenue in your country. - Summit To: [email protected]

CATERING CRAFT PRACTICE SS2.

TOPIC: continuation of method of making cake

General Rules for making cake.

Collect all cooking equipment and ingredients. Measure ingredients properly and sieve the flour. Buy good quality ingredients

Attend to the oven adequately. Handle cake mixture lightly

Add liquid (Egg or milk) to obtain correct consistency

Grease the tin with salt less fat. If it is a rich cake, line the tin with greased paper. Do not open the oven door, except when necessary

Test large cake by sticking the center with a skewer. If it comes out clean, then it is cooked. Creaming and turning is done in one direction to incorporate air.

Characteristics of a Good cake. The cake should be light in weight

The flavor should be pleasing and inviting.

It should be soft, golden brown in colour and no suggestions of sugar crystals. When cut, it should hold it’s shape without much crumbling.

Small cake (10 portions). 200g. Flour.

100g. Sugar. 100 g. Margarine. Eggs

Rock cake

Add 50g washed dried fruits ( sultanas, currants) and a little Grated into the basic cake mixture. Cut into 8 and place on a grease baking sheet.

Egg wash and bake in a fairly hot oven for 20 minutes. use rubbing in method. Other variations: Queen cake, Cherry cake Coconut cake assignment. try baking one of this cake you can use the internet to learn more or text book on cake making.

GARMENT MAKING SS 2

TOPIC: FIGURE TYPES.

An individual,s.body proportion determines the person s figure type. An individual body proportion can be viewed from both horizontal and vertical angles. Figure types are viewed from horizontal and vertical body. People physique can be used to describe Huge (tall and fat), Slender (tall and

slim),Stout(short and fat), petite (short and slim),teens, and Junior.

The horizontal body types are hourglass, inverted triangle, triangle rectangle, diamond and oval. Vertical figure Types are based on the proportion of the half of the body compared to the top half. Vertical body figure include: short legs and long torso, balanced body and long legs and short body. Variations of the Figure Types(Horizontal body)

1 Hourglass figure: This is an ideal perfect figure, the full hip line and full bust line are the same ,the woman is balanced on top and bottom .

2 . Inverted Triangle. This is the second best female shape, a proportionally large bust or broad shoulders or both.*, Narrow hips with a well defined waist line, flat button, long vertical body shape with slim legs.

3TriangleFigure.itis often refered to as pear-shaped figure*full bust line proportionally narrow full hip line, narrow shoulder.

4Rectangle Figure. Your bustline and full hip line are about the same width and you have little waist definition.

5DiamondFigure.Thebody shape is referred to as apple shape, the waist is undefined, large, high stomach, have “love handles' full or flat button.

6 Oval Figure: it is often referred to as an apple shape, you have an oval horizontal box figure. You have an overall appearance of been round, waist line undefined, large or low stomach. Assignment: write two characteristics of four (4) horizontal figure Types 1)

Inverted Triangle (2) Rectangle figure (3) Diamond figure (4) Oval Figure. Email [email protected].

SS 2B; FRENCH.

Sujet: mes activités de l’école

Devoir (Assignment)

Répondez aux questions.

4e semaine: mèes activites de l’ecole

Je m’appele Amadi Williams. Je suis èléve á l’ècole secondaire notre Dame. Je

suis en classe de SS2 Glorie. Voice mes activites á l’ècole. Tous les jours sauf le

weekend, je vais á l’ècole. Les activites de mon ècole commencent chaque jour

avec, l’assemblee á sept heures et dèmie. Tout le monde se prèsente a l’assemblèe

ou on prie á Dieu. Lá on chante, danse et prie pour trente minutes.

Ensuite le directeur salue tous les professeurs et les èléves avant d’aller en classe.

Les cours commencent a huit heures dans toutes les classes. La duree de chaque

matiére est quarante minutes.

Dans mon école, it y a deux récréations. La petite dure quinze minutes, et la longue

dure 30 minutes. L’école termine á quatorze heures et les éléves quittent l’école.

Répondez aux question.

1.

Commencent s’appelle l’école dans le texte? Elle s’appelle______________

(a) I’école primaire notre dame

(b) I’école notre dame

(c) I’école maternell notre dame

(d) I’école secondaire notre dame

2.

Le narrateur est un garcon. II s’appelle comment? II s’appelle___________

(a) Amadi Williams (b)amada (c) Williams (d) Amadi et Williams

3.

Les activities de l’école commencent avec quoi?(a) la classe (b)l’assemblee

(c) la récreation (d) les cours

4.

La petite récréation de l’école dure_______ minutes.

(a) trente (b) vingt (c) dix (d) quinze

(a) le samedi et jeudi (b)le dimeche et le vendredi

(c) le samedi et le dimache (d) le lundi et le mardi

6. Qui salue tout le monde á l’assemblee?

(a) le professeur de francais (b) le proviseur (c) le responsible

(d) le supérieur

L’école termine á quelle heure?

(a)

Ả

treize heures (b)

Ả

quatorze (c)

Ả

quinze heures (d)

Ả

midi

SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES CLASS: SS2

TOPIC: E - MAIL ADDRESS

An e-mail address looks like this: name @ address. The” name” is the person’s unique user name on whatever system they are using e.g Eunice ,kcee,Judith etc. Then @sign is the domain name e.g yahoo.com, gmail.com, hotmail.com.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN E-MAIL AND WEBSITE FEATURES

s/n E-mail Website

1 Has @ sign with a username Does not contain @sign

2 Start with a username Contain www and start with http:// 3 Is a personal address Could be address of an organisation

CHAT

Chat in computer science is an online communication between two or more people through the computer

STARTING A CHAT

1. You can chat with anyone who has a colored ball icon next to his or her name. 2. Find the name of the person you would like to chat with.

3. Click the name of the person to open a chat with the person 4. Enter your message in the text field and press “enter”

wait for your contact to respond.

ASSIGNMENT 1. Define e-mail

2. State services available in e-mail 3. How do you create e-mail account? 4. How do you send and receive e-mail? 5. Give example of e-mail address

6. What are the differences between the features of e-mail address and website address? 7. Define charting and steps to chatting

8. How has chatting been beneficial to you as a student in this lock down period? Please submit your work to this email address [email protected]