CONTENT
•INTRODUCTION
•OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
•SCOPE OF STUDY
•WORK DONE
•LITERATURE REVIEW
•FUTURISTIC USE OF STUDY
•PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
What is Green Building?
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings
and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing building
impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting,
design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — taking
into account every aspect of the complete building life cycle.
Most characteristics of the composite zone are similar to that of the hot and dry climate zone, except that composite regions
experience higher humidity levels during
monsoons. In this type of climate two seasons occur normally. Approximately two-thirds of the year is hot-dry and the other third is warm-humid. Localities further north and south often have a third season,best described as cool-dry.
In India most of the region comes under two types of climate that is composite and hot and dry
HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS
HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS DEFINITION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS. – In this section, the term “high
performance building” means a building that integrates and optimizes all major high-performance building attributes, including
energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and occupant productivity.
Orientation
Orientation: NE, SW
This helps in receiving less radiation which
results in lesser heat gains and reduced the
overall air-conditioning requirement and
hence saves energy. Proper orientation also
helps in receiving natural light and
ventilation
APPROPRIATE HEIGHT AND RECESSED WINDOWS
Minimum height above the ground level to limit exposure to
external conditions. Recessed windows to reduce external
solar heat gains.
Water Body
USE OF WATERBODIES FOR EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Fountain to flow over extensive surfaces to maximize
evaporation. Water evaporation has a cooling effect in the
surroundings.
POSITION OF OPENINGS
In buildings air movements must be ensured through the space mostly used by occupants: through the ‘living zone’(up to 2m high).
SIZE OF OPENINGS
The largest air velocity will be obtained through a small inlet opening with a large outlet.
The best arrangement is full wall openings on both the sides , with adjustable sashes or closing devices which can assist in channelling the air flow in the required direction , following the change of wind.
CONTROLS OF OPENINGS
A gap left between the building face and canopy would ensure a downward pressure ,thus a flow is directed into the living zone.
•Deciduous plants can serve a useful purpose.
TREATMENT TO THE EXTERNAL SPACES
•Large projecting eaves and wide verandahs are needed in composite climate as out-door living areas, to reduce sky glare, keep out the rain and provide shade.
•Brise-soleils, louvers and other sun breaks used to protect openings during the hot-dry periods ,are also advantageous in the rainy season, serving as protection against dust and thermal winds.
•A courtyard is the most pleasant out-door spaces for most of the year, because it excludes the winds and traps the sun. It should be
designed in such a way so as to allow sun penetration during the winter months, but provides shading in the hot season.
The U-value which is much higher incase of normal glass increases the solar heat gain and the energy consumption
WALL WITHOUT INSULATION
WALL WITH INSULATION
Insulation helps retain cool in summer and heat in winter, and acts as sound proof. This can create a major impact on indoor thermal comfort of the building.
Insulation
Insulation is very important in green construction because it helps conserve energy.
In the past, ASBESTOS was used for insulation, but it has since been banned or restricted in many countries because of health hazards.
Good sustainable choices for insulation are those made from recycled newspaper and wood pulp, soy, cotton, recycled plastic or cork.
Roofing
An important feature of green roofing is its durability; sustainability can often be as simple as avoiding or limiting waste. Composite cedar shingles resist moisture, mildew and insects, which extends their life.
Metal roofing materials that have solar reflective qualities also have
advantages, especially in hot climates.
Glass
Windows constructed of layered panes separated by sealed, gas-filled compartments provide insulation that conserves energy. windows and doors can also be covered in special low-emissivity coatings that use or block natural solar rays to help regulate indoor temperatures.
Properly designed roof gardens help to reduce heat
loads in a building
Landscaping
Landscaping is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place. Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up of building surfaces. It prevents reflected light carrying heat into a building from the
USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS
Eco friendly materials are describe as :a product that has been designed to the least
possible damage to the environment.
Why eco friendly materials?
Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY Use of appliances that consume less energyPlanting trees helps in maintaining ecological balance thus reducing energy consumption Use of water bodies for evaporative cooling Use of reflective surfaces for minimum heat gain
Use of Passive means rather than active means
Traditional Jharokha in Jaipur, Rajasthan provides light, & ventilation while avoiding dust and glare
Passive design strategies Indirect cooling includes ventilation and stack effect and
venture effect, belvedere, roof pond, earth air tunnel, courtyards and Malkaafs, wind scoops and wind towers.
Evaporative cooling systems uses evaporation as a cooling method in cooling the
surrounding air by adding moisture in the air hence increasing humidity. It is a low energy passive system. The following sections are categorized into sections stating the required conditions, implementation considerations and other issues. Case studies are listed as reference to discuss on how these systems are implemented and the implication they have on architecture design.
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key
objectives in sustainable building.
One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the
demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself.
To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their
dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused
on-site.
The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a
building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that
recycles water in toilet flushing
WASTE REDUCTION
Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water
and materials used during construction.
During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the
amount of material going to landfills.
Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste
generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions
such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.
•Use of locally available materials and sustainable energy sources have been used extensively in the building.
•Natural lighting and ventilation enhance the energy-efficiency of the building. •Adequate green spaces help in controlling the micro-climate providing visual delight at the same time.
Aerial view of CII-Godrej GBC, Hyderabad showing wind towers, solar photovoltaic panels and
green roofs.
Architectural Design
•The building is designed to maximize usage of natural light for
day-lighting without getting unwanted heat inside.
•The ground surface covered by the building is replaced through
roof gardens which play a major role in insulating the building.
•Unwanted gain of heat is reduced
through simple design principles like earth
berming.
•Heat gain through openings is also
reduced through intelligent design of
windows.
Roof gardens insulate the building from solar heat
•An effective combination of closed and
open spaces help in modulating the
micro-climate so that it keeps the
building cool and well-ventilated.
•There is ease of access throughout the
site.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
•Solar energy is used to generate electricity
that is used in the building.
Solar photovoltaic panels on the roof generate electricity for the building
Wind towers
Wind towers carry air through an earth air
tunnel to cool it before being supplied to the
AHU’s.
‘Jaalis’ on the outer façade of the building also help in cooling, shading and ventilation of the building.
Use of Renewable source of Energy
•Effective measures are taken to properly
ventilate the building while saving energy
at the same time.
•Air caught by the wind towers is carried
through an earth-air tunnel which pre-
cools the air entering into the AHU’s. This
saves energy required in the cooling
Day lighting
•Emphasis is laid on providing adequate day-lighting.
•Intelligent design of windows such as different windows for views and for light reduce the heat gain.
Materials & Appliances
•Use of local materials and materials
with is visible at various places.
•For instance, local stone and waste
construction materials are used for
external cladding. low-embodied
energy
There is a vast difference in the amount of glazed areas on the northern and western sides of the building. Such features
Futuristic use of study
With increasing population human needs are also increasing day by day which has resulted in various ecological problems. Now a days with advancement in technology there is increase in basic needs of people and there is no more the time when people
required only three things for living that is “roti, kapda or makan” they don’t want normal roti nor normal kapda and neither makan. People now a days are more addicted to active means which has resulted in more and more consumption and thus disturbing
ecological balance. An ideal citizen’s duty is to not only think about his generation but also for future and thus there isv a great need of buildings which are dependent mostly on passive means and studying this topic makes us aware of the methods by which we can create an environment which is eco-friendly.
•Two types of windows designed:
peep windows for possible cross ventilation and view, the other being for day lighting •Shading by vegetation
(trees and creepers)
•cooling through evaporation by water surfaces and plants (except
during monsoon)
•cooling through earth tunnel system
EARTH TUNNEL SYSTEM COURTYARD
