Proceeding ICST (2021)

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ICST conference, December 14th 2020, published online: June 1st 2021 141

Design of wireless data transmission tool using XBee

Noveri Lysbetti Marpaung*, Edy Ervianto, Rahyul Amri, Nurhalim, Dedy Nurahmadin

Departement of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Jalan Soebrantas Km 12,5, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Temperature and humidity are important things tobe considered because they can be

sensitive things to fulfill for certain conditions. To reach the certain conditions, both of them must be set in certain values to fulfill. Aim of research is to design a tool that can detect the of temperature and humidity from a box of eggs hatching and send the data readings wireless using XBee. The results of temperature and humidity are transmitted from different place to another in different distances from 1meter-50meter. DHT22-Sensor is used to detect temperature and humidity of eggs hatching box. All data are processed of ATMega-328P send it through XBee-Transmitter and XBee-Receiver, before display it on a monitor. In data transmission, system uses 9600kb/s baud rate. If temperature reading of DHT22-Sensor in range from 37.90C-38.60C and 50%-60% for range of humidity, so both of values are in set value. All of data detection are validated with Digital Sensor and Hygrometer. From results show that the range differences of temperature readings are 0.1oC-0.5oC, while humidity readings are 1%. All the results can be accepted because the different data are small and have no effect when those are applied to hatching box.

Keywords: ATMega-328P microcontroller; computer monitor; temperature sensor; XBee

module; XBee S2 transmitter – receiver

1. Introduction

Temperature is a key parameter to be set properly to maintain certain conditions in growing up plants. This research aim was to design a wireless data transmission tool to monitor indoor temperatures and humidity. If the system met the required temperature and humidity, a notification lamp should be OFF. Vice versa, if system did not meet the required ones, the lamp should be ON. This system can be applied in eggs hatching box.

Basically, the target of the research is to design a wireless data transmission tool to transmit temperature monitored by XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor from different places with different distances, indoor and outdoor, using XBee S2. The next aim of this research is also to compare the monitored temperatures between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor from different places with various distances, indoor and outdoor, using XBee S2. To achieve the goal, we used XH-W3001 Digital Sensor

The scopes of this research were :

Proceeding ICST (2021)

e-ISSN: 2722-7375

Vol. 2, June 2021

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1. The indoor and outdoor temperatures were transmitted using XBee S2. 2. The temperature values are in floating numbers.

3. A valid used sensor was XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and another one was DHT22 Sensor.

4. Distance ranges between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor for indoor were 1 to 50 meters.

5. Distance Ranges of read temperature between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor for outdoor were 1 to 350 meters.

6. The system was arranged to turn ON a LED if DHT22 Sensor detects the temperatures in range of 37.90C up to 38.60C, to show that the reading temperatures were not in the set values. If DHT22 Sensor detected the temperature in the range of 38.70C up to 38.90C, the LED was turned OFF, to show that the reading temperatures were in the set values.

Outputs of this research are the comparison of temperature readings between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor using XBee S2 with the various distances in indoor and outdoor.

2. Literature Review

2.1. Literature References

Mausa [1] produced wireless Sensor Network to monitor temperature and humidity of an environment from certain place. The monitoring was done in real time with error of 2.36%. Rachman [2] produced a monitoring system using SHT11 Sensor with 0.99% temperature error and humidity 1.16% errors. The use of star topology, the system performed very good communication when it was implemented in reached ranges between the end device and the coordinator. Najmurrokhman and Kusnandar [3] showed that cold storage temperature and humidity could be maintained on its reference value with 1⁰C of steady state error, 4% of humidity error, nine minutes time response for temperature and 15 minutes time response for humidity to reach set point. Wang [4] worked if the design of wireless sensor network, hardware, and wireless sensor network node software were combined with Arduino to produce a better function. Salleh et al. [5] produced a greenhouse monitoring system whereas data from the greenhouse were measured by sensor and displayed on LCD in range of up to 100 m on receiver side so the installation and maintenance of the monitoring process is easier and cheaper. Okpagu, and Nwosu [6] used many parameters of PID controller temperature to obtain the parameters set, when working in microcontroller to guarantee temperature stability di an incubator. Wicaksono [7] produced an egg incubator machine that has 93.3% success level, 52% - 55% humidity inside machine, and 180⁰ egg reversal system autoOFFcally in every two hours. Nugroho et al. [8] stated that a wireless data communication between transmitter and receiver used XBee series 2 in range of 1 meter - 100 meters outdoor. Istiqobudi et al. [9] produced a maximum distance between Wi-Fi Shield (Node Coordinator) and access point among buildings that could be reached less than 47 meters in a location. The condition of the location could affect QoS Values of communication such as delay, jitter, packet loss, and throughput, whereas more bars more influential toward communication system. The results of communication testing for access point placement on three locations with average values of delay, jitter, packet loss, and throughput were 103.904 ms, 153.917 ms, 0 %, and 1239.920 bps. Amri et al. [10] did on woody peat using LM35 Sensor for detection system. This sensor worked using characteristics of the heat generated by burnt peat, read from ATMega8 as the microcontroller and LCD 16*2 as the monitor of temperature sensor. Based on these results, the average of error percentage from the temperature sensor LM35 was around 0.22% with range of percentage error percentage from 0% up to 0.62%. There was no significant difference of the air temperature around the normal and burnt peat land area because burnt peat land does not really affect the changing of air temperature. Marpaung et al. [11] used LM35 Temperature Sensor to detect Peat-Land. They detected

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Peat-Land fireworks when it was burning. Therefore, the heat would spread through aluminium stalk and be read by Temperature-Sensor1 up to Temperature-Sensor4. Output of each sensor was sent to each control block of Arduino-ProMini in Transmitter-Module (FU1–FU4). Experimental results showed 0°C–21.9°C temperature was categorized SAFE, 22°C–28.4°C was BE-CAREFUL, and 28.4°C–50°C was DANGER. Marpaung, et al. [12] used LM35 Temperature-Sensor to detect Peat-land Fire. Output of the research showed that if the Green LED was active, it means Peat-Peat-land was not burned. Its temperature was 0°C–21.9°C, LCD displayed SAFE Condition and Buzzer was OFF. If the Yellow LED was ON, it means Peat-land burned underground. Its temperature was 22°C–28.4°C, LCD showed BE-CAREFUL, and Buzzer was ON. If Red LED was active, it means Peat-land burned on the ground. Its temperature was 28.5°C– 50°C, LCD displayed DANGER, and Buzzer was ON. 3. Methodology

Flowchart of the research can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Flowchart of the research

The experiment is started when XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor detect temperatures and Hygrometer and DHT22 Sensor detect humidity of eggs hatching box. The results of XH-W3001 Digital Sensor are used as valid readings of temperatures and Hygrometer is used as valid readings of humidity.

ATMega Arduino Uno Data accepted? No Display of Nothing Start Initialisation, set up DHT22 Sensor values

DetDetection of sensors of sensor

328P ATMega Arduino Uno

XBee Module Transmitter XBee Module Receiver Display of Sensor Readings

Yes

Display of Data from DHT22 Sensor

End

Are data in set values? LED is ON

No

Yes

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The results of DHT22 Sensor are transmitted to Arduino Uno ATMega 328P Microcontroller to be processed. Then, Arduino Uno ATMega 328P Microcontroller sends data to XBee S2 Module Transmitter. XBee S2 Module Transmitter transmits data to XBee S2 Module Receiver. From XBee S2 Module Receiver, data are sent to another Arduino Uno ATMega 328P Microcontroller. The second Arduino Uno ATMega 328P Microcontroller processes data and displays them on the computer monitor.

The temperatures in DHT22 Sensor are set in the range of 37.90C to 38.60C and humidity are set in the range of 50% - 60% because those conditions are suitable for the eggs in incubator. Data transmission using 9600 kb/s baud rate are measured in different distances for indoor scenario. Measuring distances are for 5 meters, 10 meters, 25 meters, and 50 meters.

If data are accepted well, the temperature values from DHT22 Sensor will be sent from XBee Module Transmitter to XBee Module Receiver and are shown on a monitor. If XBee Module Receiver cannot receive data from XBee Module Transmitter well in the range distances, the data will not appear on the monitor.

The system is arranged to turn OFF a lamp if DHT22 Sensor detects temperatures in the range of 37.90C to 38.60C and humidity in the range of 50% to 60%, because that reading temperatures and humidity are in the set values. Vice versa, if DHT22 Sensor detects the temperature out of 37.90C to 38.60C and humidity are not in the range of 50% to 60%, the lamp will be turned ON, to show that temperatures and humidity are not in the set values.

4. Results and Discussion

4.1. Testings of Temperatures

Testings of measuring distances of temperature readings between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor from 5 meter to 50 meters for indoor scenario, are shown in Figures 2 to 5.

Figure 2. Reading Sensors in the distance of 5 meters

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From figures 2 to 5, show the results of indoor measuring from 5 meters to 50 meters distances. When DHT22 Sensor detects 37.90C to 38.60C, the lamp is OFF. It means that detected temperatures are in the set values. On the other side, if DHT22 Sensor detects 38.70C to 38.90C, the lamp is ON because detected temperatures are not in the set values. The range differences of temperature between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor are 0.1oC to 0.5oC. These conditions are influenced by distances and delay. However, these can be ignored because the difference readings are too small. 4.2. Testing of Humidity

Testing of measuring distances of humidity readings between Hygrometer and DHT22 Sensor from 5 meter to 50 meters for indoor scenario are shown in Figure 6 to Figure 9.When DHT22 Sensor detects humidity in 50% to 60%, the lamp is OFF. It means that detected humidity are in the set values. On the other hand, if DHT22 Sensor detects that the humidity are not in 50% to 60%, the lamp is ON because detected humidity are not in the set values. The difference of humidity readings of Hygrometer and DHT22 Sensor is 1%. These conditions are influenced by the distances and delays. These also can be ignored because the difference reading is small.

Figure 6. Reading Humidity in the distance of 5 meters

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5. Conclusions

For indoor, if the temperature readings of DHT22 Sensor are between 37.90C and 38.60C and the humidity are in 50% - 60%, the lamp will be OFF because detected temperatures and humidity are in the set values.

For indoor, if the temperature readings of DHT22 Sensor are out of 38.70C to 38.90C and humidity are not set in the range of 50% - 60%, the lamp will be OFF because detected temperatures and humidity are not in the set values.

The range differences of temperature readings between XH-W3001 Digital Sensor and DHT22 Sensor are 0.1oC to 0.5oC and 1% for Hygrometer and DHT22 Sensor. These conditions are influenced by the distances and delays. These can be ignored because the difference readings are small and have no effect when those are applied to eggs hatching box.

Acknowledgement

Authors would give thanks to Institution of Research and Community Service (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat) Universitas Riau for funding this research in 2020.

References

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