LinkStation 441
User Manual
www.buffalotech.com
35020488-02 2014.09
Contents
Chapter 1 Getting Started ...6
Diagrams ...6
Changing Admin Password and Adding a Shared Folder ...7
Installing Applications ...8
NAS Navigator2 ...8
SmartPhone Navigator ...9
WebAccess ...9
Accessing Shared Folders ...9
Accessing from a Computer ...9
Accessing from a Mobile Device ...9
Turning the LinkStation On and Off ...9
Chapter 2 Configuration ... 11
Opening Settings from a Computer ... 11
Opening Settings from a Mobile Device ... 15
Settings That Can Be Changed from Your Mobile Device ...16
Chapter 3 Sharing Files ... 18
Adding Shared Folders ... 18
Configuration from a Computer ...18
Configuration from a Mobile Device ...19
Adding Users ... 20
Configuration from a Computer ...20
Configuration from a Mobile Device ...22
Access Restrictions ... 24
Local Users/Groups ...24
Active Directory ...26
NT Domain ...28
User Authentication with an External SMB Server ...30
Chapter 4 Managing Storage... 33
RAID Arrays ... 33
Working with RAID Arrays ... 34
Using JBOD ...34
Changing RAID Mode ...34
RMM (RAID Mode Manager) ...35
RAID Scanning...38
Adding an External Hard Drive ... 38
Connect an External Drive...38
Compatibility ...38
Dismounting Drives ... 39
Dismounting with the Function Button ...39
Dismounting from Settings on a Computer ...39
Dismounting from Settings on a Mobile Device ...40
Checking Drives ... 41
Formatting Drives ... 41
Erase Data on the LinkStation Completely ... 43
Disk Quotas ... 44
Quotas for Users ...44
Quotas for Groups ...44
Rebuilding the RAID Array from a Mobile Device ...48
Chapter 5 Remote Access ... 51
WebAccess ... 51
Configuring from a Computer ...51
Configuring from a Mobile Device ...54
FTP ... 58
Chapter 6 Backup ... 60
Back Up from the LinkStation ... 60
Preparing a Backup Destination ...60
Configuring a Backup Job ...62
Backing Up Your Mac with Time Machine ... 64
Copying from a USB Device ... 67
Configuring Direct Copy from a Computer ...67
Configuring Direct Copy from a Mobile Device ...68
Starting Direct Copy ...68
Chapter 7 Multimedia ... 70
DLNA ... 70
Configuration from a Computer ...70
Configuration from a Mobile Device ...72
Playing Files ...72
Connected DLNA-compatible Devices ...72
Streaming to DLNA-compatible Devices ...73
Disabling Playback from Specific Devices ...74
iTunes Server ... 74
Connecting a Printer ... 77
Setting Up a Printer from a Computer ...77
Setting Up a Printer from a Mobile Device ...79
USB Device Server ... 80
Connecting with Network-USB Navigator ...80
Disconnecting USB Devices ...81
Chapter 8 Advanced Features ... 82
Email Notification ... 82
Sleep Mode ... 83
Encrypting Data Transmission ... 84
Encrypting Settings Data ...84
Encrypting FTP Transfer Data ...84
SSL Encryption ...84
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) ... 85
Restoring Factory Defaults ... 86
Initializing from Settings ...86
Initializing with the Function Button ...86
Online Update ... 87
Name, Date, Time, and Language ... 87
Jumbo Frames ... 89
Changing the IP Address ... 90
Chapter 9 Utilities ... 91
NAS Navigator2 for Windows ... 91
NAS Navigator2 for Mac OS ... 94
Mount as Network Drive...95
Changing the IP Address ...96
Chapter 10 Appendix ... 98
When the Power LED Blinks ... 98
Default Settings ... 100
Specifications ... 100
Models ... 101
Chapter 11 Regulatory Compliance Information .... 102
For Customers in the United States ... 102
Chapter 1 Getting Started
Diagrams
LS441D/LS441DE
1
Status LEDsNormally, these LEDs blink green when hard drives are accessed. If a drive fails, its LED will turn red.
2
Power LEDThe white power LED will light up while the LinkStation is on. The white power LED blinks while booting or shutting down. The red power LED blinks when an error occurs.
If there is a status message, the power LED blinks amber. If there is new firmware available, the power LED glows amber.
3
Power ButtonTo power on, connect the power cable, then press the power button. To power off, hold down the power button for 3 seconds.
4
Function LEDThis LED glows white while the LinkStation is being initialized and while dismounting USB devices. It blinks white during Direct Copy.
For enclosure model, the red function LED glows when turning the LinkStation on to the initial hard drive installation and blinks after pushing the function button.
5
Function ButtonUse this button for Direct Copy, dismounting USB devices, and initializing settings.
6
USB 3.0 PortCompatible Buffalo USB 3.0 hard drives, USB flash drives, digital cameras, and USB printers can be connected. USB hubs are not supported.
8
Link and Activity LEDThis LED shows network activity. It blinks green when the LinkStation is accessed over the network.
9
LAN PortConnect to a router, hub, or switch on your Ethernet network with the included Ethernet cable.
10
Power Status LEDThe LED glows green when the power cable is connected.
11
Power ConnectorUse the included power cable to connect to a surge protector or outlet.
12
Anti-Theft Security SlotUse this slot to secure your LinkStation with a cable lock (not included).
13
FanDo not block the fan.
Changing Admin Password and Adding a Shared Folder
After initial setup, changing your password and creating other shared folders are recommended.
1
Double-click the icon to start NAS Navigator2.2
Right-click on your LinkStation's icon and select Settings. On the Mac, select the LinkStation's icon while holding down the control key, then select Settings.3
Changing the password from the default is recommended.Note: You can open this same screen by clicking Getting Started from Easy Admin.
4
Enter the new password (twice), then click Next.Note: The default username and password are "admin" and "password". To keep the defaults, leave both fields blank and click Next.
5
Configure levels of sharing for all existing shared folders (public or private) to finish the initial setup wizard.Note: Select "Set as private folder" to restrict access to the folder to specific users.
6
Click OK when the following message is displayed.Installing Applications
NAS Navigator2
1
Insert the LinkNavigator CD into your computer. You can also download the latest LinkNavigator from Buffalo's website. LinkNavigator will launch.3
Follow the screen instructions to install NAS Navigator2.4
When the installation finished, click Finish.SmartPhone Navigator
SmartPhone Navigator will allow to open LinkStation's Settings, change the IP address, and configure WebAccess settings. Follow the instructions below to install the application.
1
Open the App Store (iOS devices) or Google Play (Android devices).2
Install "SmartPhone Navigator".WebAccess
WebAccess will allow you access files in the LinkStation. Follow the instructions below to install WebAccess application.
1
Open the App Store (iOS devices) or Google Play (Android devices).2
Install "WebAccess".Accessing Shared Folders
Accessing from a Computer
1
Double-click the icon to start NAS Navigator2.2
In NAS Navigator2, double-click your LinkStation's icon. The Explorer will open with shared folders' lists. For Mac OS, the LinkStation is mounted as a drive icon on the desktop or it is displayed in the sidebar of the Finder.Accessing from a Mobile Device
To access shared folders from a mobile device with the following steps, you must configure WebAccess settings first. To configure WebAccess, see the "WebAccess" section in chapter 5.
1
Open SmartPhone Navigator.2
Tap your LinkStation from the NAS list.3
Tap Browse.Note: Alternatively, you can access shared folders from the WebAccess app. Open the application and tap your LinkStation's hostname in the NAS list.
Turning the LinkStation On and Off
3 seconds. The power LED will flash as the unit shuts down. Never unplug the AC adapter without properly shutting down the LinkStation first.
When all the LEDs on the front of the LinkStation turn off, the shutdown process is complete.
You can also shut down or restart the LinkStation remotely from Settings.
Shutting Down or Restarting from Settings
1
Double-click the icon to start NAS Navigator2.2
Right-click on your LinkStation's icon and choose Settings. For Mac OS, click your LinkStation's icon while holding down the control key, then select Settings.3
Settings will open.4
Click at the top right of Settings and choose either Restart or Shut Down. The power LED will flash.When the power LED stops flashing and glows white, the restart process is complete. When all the LEDs on the front of the LinkStation turn off, shutdown is complete.
Chapter 2 Configuration
Configure and manage your LinkStation using the Settings interface, accessible from a browser window. Open the interface using the procedure below or type the LinkStation's IP address in the URL field of your browser. Within Settings, the Easy Admin page gives you quick access to commonly used settings.
Opening Settings from a Computer
Note: Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 18, Google Chrome 24, Safari 5, and later are supported. If you have difficulty viewing Settings, check the following:
• If you have a proxy server enabled in the browser settings, disable the proxy server.
• With Internet Explorer, set security to Local intranet. On Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2008, higher-level security is configured by default. Set the security to a lower level temporarily.
Opening Easy Admin
The Easy Admin page makes it easy to change common settings. Follow the steps below to open Easy Admin.
1
Double-click the icon to start NAS Navigator2.2
Right-click on your LinkStation's icon and choose Settings. For Mac OS, click your LinkStation's icon while holding down the control key, then select Settings.3
The Easy Admin screen will open.Notes:
• If you click any buttons, you will need to enter a username and password.
• If the time-out period is set to "10 minutes", you will be logged out of Settings after 10 minutes of inactivity. You will also be logged out when you reboot the LinkStation or close the web browser, even if you select "Unlimited".
• Click Secure Connection to log in with an encrypted connection.
• You can also use Bonjour to log in to Settings from Mac OS. In Safari, click View - Show Bookmarks Bar. From Bookmarks, click Bonjour - LinkStation name.
Getting Started
The wizard lets you configure the following settings: • Changing administrator password
• Creating shared folders • Access restrictions
administrative password.
WebAccess
Configure WebAccess to access your LinkStation remotely. Refer to the WebAccess section in chapter 5 for more information.
BitTorrent
Configure BitTorrent to download large files efficiently. Refer to the BitTorrent section in chapter 7 for more information.
DLNA
Configure DLNA to stream media files to DLNA-compatible devices on the LAN. Refer to the DLNA section in chapter 7 for more information.
USB Device Server
Configure USB device server options. Refer to the USB Device Server section in chapter 7 for more information.
Opening Advanced Settings
1
Click Advanced Settings in Easy Admin.2
Enter the administrator username and password, then click OK.Notes:
• Username/Password Combinations:
Username Password Settings Available
admin password All
guest blank System information (read-only)
Your username Your password
If a user is assigned as an administrator, all settings are available. If assigned as a general user, the user can only access read-only system information and change their own password. If assigned as a power user, the user can create and edit shared folders, users, and general users groups.
• To go back to Easy Admin, click the Home icon.
Opening Settings from a Mobile Device
You can access your LinkStation's Settings from your iOS or Android device. Download and install "SmartPhone Navigator" from the App Store or Google Play.
Notes:
• If you have an older version of SmartPhone Navigator installed on your device, update it to the latest version. Your icons and software may be slightly different from the examples in this manual.
• You must be logged in as an administrator to change settings. To use SmartPhone Navigator, log in as a member of the administrators group.
• Mobile devices that support mobile-optimized Settings display are listed below: iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch*
Android smartphones and tablets**
*iOS 5 or later **Android 2.3 or later
2
Tap Open Settings.3
Settings will be displayed.Notes:
• The first time you go through setup, you'll be given a chance to change the default password, correct the time zone settings, and select the RAID mode. Step though the wizard to change these settings.
• If you tap any buttons, you will need to enter a username and password.
• Tap Desktop to show Advanced Settings. This screen gives the full array of settings that could be changed from a computer, but is not optimized for mobile devices.
Settings That Can Be Changed from Your Mobile Device
You can change the following settings from your mobile device: • Create users, change usernames and passwords.
• Create shared folders.
• Configure WebAccess settings to remotely access your LinkStation.
• Update the firmware.
• Recover the RAID array when a drive fails. • Configure UPS synchronization.
Chapter 3 Sharing Files
Adding Shared Folders
Configuration from a Computer
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".3
Click Create Folder.Notes:
• Names may contain up to 27 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), and underscores (_). Do not use a symbol as the first character in a name.
• The description may contain up to 75 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), underscores (_), and spaces. Do not use a symbol or space as the first character.
• You may create up to 400 shared folders.
• The names of shared folders should not use characters from more than one language. For example, mixing Japanese and Korean characters in names is not supported.
• If multi-byte characters are used in shared folder names, configure the client language to match the characters in Management - Name/Time/Language.
Recycle Bin
To protect your data from accidental deletion, you may configure your LinkStation to use a recycle bin instead of deleting files immediately. The recycle bin will only work with SMB connections.
Read-only Shares
By default, new shares are set with read & write access, but you may change the attribute to "Read Only" in
"Attribute". Read-only shares and HFS+ formatted USB hard drives will have "Read-only" added to the shared folder description.
Hidden Shares
To hide a shared SMB folder, select "Hidden Share (SMB Only)" and click OK. To open a hidden folder, click Start -
Search programs and files and enter "\\LinkStation's name\Shared folder names$\" for the name. For example, if the LinkStation name is "LSXXX001" and shared folder name is "share", enter "\\LSXXX001\share$\" to open it.
Note: AFP and FTP folders cannot be hidden.
Configuration from a Mobile Device
1
In Settings, tap Folder Setup.2
Tap Create Folder.3
Enter a folder name and description and tap Apply.Note: Folder names may contain up to 27 alphanumeric characters and symbols. The description may contain up to 75 alphanumeric characters.
Adding Users
Note: The LinkStation can register a maximum of 300 users, which includes the default users "admin" and "guest".
Configuration from a Computer
1
In Settings, click File Sharing.3
Click Create User.4
Enter the desired settings, then click OK.Notes:
• Usernames may contain up to 128 characters, including hyphens (-), underscores (_), periods (.), !, #, &, @, $, *, ^, and %. Do not use a symbol as the first character.
• The user ID should be a number from 1000 to 1999. Each user ID should be unique. If this field is left blank, a user ID is assigned automatically.
• When you log in to Settings as a registered user, you can see the LinkStation's name, IP address, workgroup, and disk status, and modify the password.
• Do not duplicate user IDs, group IDs, usernames, or group names. Each should be distinct and unique. • The description may contain up to 75 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), underscores (_), and spaces. Do
not use a symbol or space as the first character.
• Passwords may contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters and the following characters: - _ @ ! # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / ; < > = ? " [ ] ^ { } | ~. Do not use a symbol other than an underscore (_) as the first character.
• Use the same username and password for both Windows and the LinkStation or you may not be able to access shared folders.
• If a user belongs to multiple groups, the most strict access restrictions will apply. For example, if a user is added to a group with read and write access, and also to a read-only group, the user will effectively have read-only access.
Configuration from a Mobile Device
1
In Settings, tap Users.3
Enter the desired username, password, and description, and tap Apply.Note: Usernames may contain up to 128 alphanumeric characters and symbols. Passwords may contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters and symbols.
Adding Groups
1
In Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Groups".4
Enter the desired settings, then click OK.Notes:
• Group names may contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), underscores (_), and periods (.). Do not use a symbol other than an underscore (_) as the first character.
• Group descriptions may contain up to 75 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), underscores (_), and spaces. Do not use a symbol or space as the first character.
• If the group ID field is left blank, a group ID is automatically assigned. Use numbers between 1000 and 1999 to set a group ID manually. Don't use duplicate group IDs.
• You may register up to 300 groups with the LinkStation.
• If you are logged in as a member of the general users group, you can only change your own password. If you're logged in as an administrator, you can change any settings, including other users' passwords. If you are logged in as a member of the power users group, you can create and edit shared folders, users, and groups.
Access Restrictions
You may restrict access to specific shared folders, including external USB drives.
Notes:
• Access restrictions can be set separately for each shared folder, but not for subfolders within the shared folders.
• Configure access restrictions through Settings. Configuring access restrictions through Windows is not supported and may cause unexpected behavior.
Local Users/Groups
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".3
Click the shared folder that you want to set access restrictions for.4
Click Edit.5
Enable "Access Restrictions".6
Select the level of access for the user or group you added.: Read and write access allowed : Read access allowed : Access prohibited
Notes:
• An example of access restrictions by user is shown in the screen. To apply access restrictions by group, click the Local Groups tab and select group permissions.
• If both read-only and read & write permissions are given to a user, the user will have read-only access.
7
Click OK.Notes
• The following characters are handled differently by Mac OS and Windows. Avoid using these characters when sharing data between Mac OS and Windows:
• Windows does not support some characters that Mac OS and the LinkStation allow. If you create a filename on a Mac with any of the following characters, it will not display correctly on a Windows computer and you may have to connect to the LinkStation via AFP in order to display or copy any of the following characters on a Mac computer.
? [ ] / \ = + < > ; : " , | *
sync, shutdown, halt, operator, nobody, mail, news, uucp, ftp, kmem, utmp, shadow, users, nogroup, all, none, hdusers, admin, guest, man, www, sshd, administrator, ftpuser, apache, mysql
• Do not use any of the following words as the name of a shared folder. These words are reserved for internal use by the LinkStation: info, spool, lost+found, global, printers, homes, lp, authtest, ram, msdfs_root, mt-daapd, usbdisk# (where # is a number, for example: usbdisk1)
• Don't use the following unsupported characters in shared folder names, workgroup names, or filenames:
• File and folder names may contain up to 255 single-byte characters.
• Configure hidden and read-only file attributes in Settings. Configuring them from within Windows is not supported and may cause unexpected behavior.
• Folder and workgroup names whose names contain non-Roman characters may not be displayed correctly. • If shared folders are accessed from a Macintosh, information files for the Macintosh may be generated
automatically. Do not delete these files. If they are deleted using Windows, this may prevent further access from a Macintosh.
• If an SMB connection is used with OS X 10.3.9, the names of mounted volumes may appear as unreadable characters in Finder and other applications. This is not a problem with the filename or data.
• The LinkStation belongs to the default zone in AppleShare Server; the zone cannot be specified.
• When files are copied to the LinkStation or to a USB drive connected to the LinkStation, file information such as date created, date modified, and other date information may be updated or changed.
• Hard drive capacity is shown in Settings in actual gigabytes. The Properties window in Windows may show GiB instead, which will be a smaller number.
• If any settings are changed during a file transfer, the transfer process may abort.
• File copying to the LinkStation is protected by a journaling file system. If the Ethernet cable is disconnected or a power outage occurs while copying data, the following may occur:
- Preset data such as the LinkStation name, users, and groups may be erased.
- An incomplete file may be copied and the file can no longer be deleted. If this happens, restart the LinkStation, delete the file, and perform the copy operation again.
• After a drive is formatted, the "% Used" and "Amount Used" in Settings will not be 0. This is because some drive space is used for the system area.
Active Directory
If an Active Directory environment, the LinkStation uses account information from the Active Directory domain controller to set access restrictions for LinkStation's shared folders. There is no need to perform individual account management for the LinkStation. If multiple LinkStations are installed on the network, the account information is centrally managed in Active Directory, greatly reducing the operations required for installation and management.
Note: The LinkStation supports a domain environment with a maximum 1000 users and 1000 groups. 10,000 users and 10,000 groups can be downloaded from the domain controller but are not supported.
2
Click to the right of "Workgroup/Domain".3
Click Edit.4
Select "Active Directory" and click Next.5
Click Yes.6
Enter the desired settings, then click OK.7
In Advanced Settings, navigate to File Sharing - Folder Setup.8
Click a shared folder that you want to set access restrictions for.10
Enable "Access Restrictions".11
Select the level of access for the user or group:: Read and write access allowed : Read access allowed : Access prohibited
12
Click OK.Notes:
• If you change the LinkStation's name, you will no longer be able to use domain users and groups or access restrictions. To repair this, rejoin the domain.
• To have the LinkStation join an Active Directory domain, configure it to use a DNS server that can resolve names for the Active Directory domain.
• After building an Active Directory domain, the administrator password for joining the domain must be changed at least once, or joining the Active Directory domain will fail.
• The DNS name and NetBIOS name of Active Directory domains should be identical.
• If both read-only and read & write permissions are given, the user will have read-only access. The most restrictive access setting will apply.
• If there are more than 5 minutes difference between the LinkStation's clock and the domain controller's clock, joining the domain or authenticating domain users and groups may fail. For best results, use an NTP server to set the time for all network devices.
• To use the LinkStation as a member server in an Active Directory domain, the LinkStation should be logged in to the domain and accessed from a computer that is not a member of the domain with a valid domain account.
• If the LinkStation is a member server of an Active Directory domain, you cannot connect as a guest user via AFP.
• If your LinkStation is a member server in an Active Directory domain and you change the authentication method to "Workgroup", the account on the domain controller will not be deleted automatically.
• When the LinkStation joins an Active Directory domain, FTP is disabled. Before using FTP, move the FTP switch back to the position.
• Don't disable the SMB protocol while Active Directory is used for access restrictions. If you do, you will need to enable SMB again and reconfigure AD from scratch.
• After configuring access restrictions, it takes about 30 seconds for the new settings to take effect. If you try to access a restricted folder during this period, you may get the message "No reply from NAS". If this happens, wait 30 seconds and try again.
NT Domain
In an NT domain environment, the LinkStation uses account information from the NT domain server to set access restrictions for files and folders on the LinkStation. There's no need to perform individual account management for the LinkStation. If multiple LinkStations are installed on the network, the account information is centrally managed in the NT domain, greatly reducing the operations required for installation and management.
Note: The LinkStation supports a domain environment with a maximum of 1000 domain users and 1000 groups. 10,000 users and 10,000 groups can be downloaded from the domain controller but are not supported.
1
Create an account on the domain controller for the LinkStation.3
Click to the right of "Workgroup/Domain".4
Click Edit.5
Select "NT Domain", then click Next.Note: To use Active Directory from Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003, select "Active Directory" instead of "NT Domain".
6
Click Yes.7
Enter the desired settings, then click OK.8
In Advanced Settings, navigate to File Sharing - Folder Setup.9
Click a shared folder for which you want to set access restrictions.11
Enable "Access Restrictions".12
Select the level of access for "Domain Users" or "Domain Groups" you added.: Read and write access allowed : Read access allowed : Access prohibited
13
Click OK.Notes:
• If you change the LinkStation's name, you will no longer be able to use domain users and groups or access restrictions. To repair this, rejoin the domain.
• If both read-only and read & write permissions are given to a user, the user will have read-only access. The most restrictive attribute will apply.
• If a domain username is more than 20 bytes long, the LinkStation truncates it to 20 bytes.
• The LinkStation supports a domain environment with a maximum of 1000 users and 1000 groups. 10,000 users and 10,000 groups can be downloaded from the domain controller but are not supported.
• To use the LinkStation as a member server in an NT domain, the LinkStation should be logged in to the domain and accessed from a computer that is not a member of the domain with a valid domain account. • If the LinkStation is a member server of an NT domain, you cannot connect as a guest user via AFP. • When you change the user or group settings on the domain controller, these changes may not take effect
immediately on the LinkStation until it is rebooted.
• If your LinkStation is a member server in an NT domain and you change the authentication method to "Workgroup", the account on the domain controller will not be deleted automatically.
• If the LinkStation has joined a domain network, you cannot connect to it via FTP.
• Don't disable the SMB protocol while an NT domain server is used for access restrictions. If you do, you will need to enable SMB again and reconfigure the NT domain settings from scratch.
• At this time, only global groups are imported from the NT domain. Local groups on the NT server are not imported. This behavior will be corrected in a future firmware update.
User Authentication with an External SMB Server
LinkStations on your network can be linked to an authentication server for centralized management of user accounts and passwords. The authentication server should be another TeraStation or LinkStation. Other external SMB authentication servers are not supported.
Notes:
• Disable SMB2 before using external authentication.
• Access restrictions for local users and groups will still apply to shared folders if an external SMB server is used for authentication.
• The procedure below contains methods to automatically register external users. You can also manually add external users by converting them from local users. Refer to the “Converting Local Users into External Users” section above for more details on converting local users.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Network.4
Select "Workgroup" and click Next.5
If a prompt appears, click Yes.6
Enter a workgroup name. Select "Assign authorization to external SMB server" and enter the authentication server's IP address (recommended) or name. Check "Automatic user registration" and "Use shared folder for authorization testing". Enter the shared folder name for authorization testing and click OK.7
A shared folder for authentication has been created on the LinkStation. Users registered to the specified authentication server are automatically registered as users on the LinkStation when they open the shared folder for authentication. You can also register users directly. Connect to the authentication folder via SMB, not FTP or AFP.8
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".9
Click a shared folder to set access restrictions on.11
Enable "Access Restrictions".12
Click on the External Users tab and select the level of access for each external user. : Read and write access allowed : Read access allowed : Access prohibited13
Click OK.Notes:
• Users that are automatically registered belong to the "hdusers" group. They can be added to other groups from within groups settings. Added users will be listed in "Users" - "External Users". To delete a user that was registered automatically, select that user and click Delete External User.
• If both read-only and read & write permissions are given to a user, the user will have read-only access. The most restrictive attribute will apply.
• Use OS X 10.5 or later with external authentication. Earlier versions of OS X aren't supported.
• To access access-limited shared folders from OS X 10.7, use AFP instead of SMB, under “LAN Protocol Support”, check "AFP (Mac)" on the destination folders to use AFP.
• If access restrictions are set for users and groups from the authentication server, guest and anonymous connections will not be possible with AFP connections.
• FTP connections do not support authentication with an external SMB server.
• If using a Windows PC for external authentication, the default Windows SMB security settings may need to be changed. An easy way to do this is to run the File Sharing Security Level Change Tool, available from this product’s download page on www.buffalotech.com. This utility will let you easily change or restore your Windows security settings to work with external authentication.
Converting Local Users into External Users
If using an external SMB server for authentication, you may convert any local users into external users. This way, the LinkStation will have a user list that matches the users in the external SMB server, and access restrictions for this LinkStation’s shared folders may be assigned to the converted “external” users.
Follow the steps below to convert a local user into an external user. If a local user is converted, their user information (including passwords) will be removed from the LinkStation. External users cannot be reverted to local users.
Note: External authentication should be enabled before local users can be converted. For more information on external authentication, refer to the “User Authentication with an External SMB Server” section.
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Users".3
In the user list screen, check any users to be converted to an external user, then click Convert to External User.4
Click OK.5
Enter the confirmation number and click OK.Converted users are displayed under the "External Users" tab. You can then configure access restrictions for external users.
Chapter 4 Managing Storage
RAID Arrays
The default RAID mode is RAID 5.
Notes:
• If you change the RAID mode, all data on the array is deleted. This is true for every procedure in this chapter. Always back up any important data before performing actions that affect your RAID.
• After the RAID mode is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array or JBOD), the LinkStation performs a RAID check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers are slower during this period. While the I17 message is displayed in NAS Navigator2, do not turn off the LinkStation. If you do, the RAID check will start over.
RAID 5
RAID 5 arrays are available for LinkStations with 3 or more hard drives. RAID 5 combines 3 or more drives into a single array. The usable space is equal to the sum of the capacity of the hard drives minus the capacity of one drive. For example, if 4 drives are combined into a RAID 5 array, the usable space is the sum of 3 drives. If one drive in the array is damaged, you can recover data by replacing the damaged drive. If two or more drives are damaged at the same time, your data is lost.
RAID 10
RAID 10 arrays are available for LinkStations with 4 or more hard drives. In this mode, mirrored pairs of drives in RAID 1 arrays are combined into a RAID 0 array. The usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by the number of hard drives divided by 2.
RAID 1
Combines 2 drives into a mirrored array. The available space in the array is the capacity of a single drive. Identical data is written to each drive. If a drive is damaged, data can be recovered by replacing the damaged drive. As long as one drive in the array remains undamaged, all data in the array can be recovered.
RAID 0
Combines 2 or more hard drives into a single array. The usable disk space is the total space of all drives used. This simple RAID mode offers faster performance than RAID modes that include parity. If a single drive in the array fails, then all data in the array is lost.
JBOD
This mode uses the hard drives inside the LinkStation as individual drives. The disk space you can use is the total capacity of all drives in the LinkStation. If any drive is damaged, then the data on that drive is lost.
Working with RAID Arrays
To change RAID settings, navigate to Drives - RAID in Advanced Settings.
Using JBOD
With JBOD, each hard drive in the LinkStation is addressed separately. To put drives from an array into JBOD mode, follow the steps below.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Click to the right of "RAID".3
Click the array to delete.4
Click Delete RAID Array.Note: If RAID array deletion fails, restart the LinkStation and try again.
5
The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number, then click OK. Once JBOD is configured, create shared folders on each drive to use them.Changing RAID Mode
To change the RAID mode, first put the drives in JBOD.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.3
Click the array to delete. If the "RAID Mode" is blank, the array is already in JBOD. Proceed to step 7.4
Click Delete RAID Array.Note: If RAID array deletion fails, restart the LinkStation and try again.
5
The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number, then click OK.6
Click OK.7
Choose a RAID array.8
Select a RAID mode and the drives to be used, then click Create RAID Array.Note: Normally, after a RAID array is created, it is "resynced", which optimizes the array, making it more stable. The resyncing process takes about 1 hour per terabyte of space in the array. File transfers will be slower during this period, but the array will remain fully usable. "RAID Array x Resycncing" will be shown in NAS Navigator2 during the resync. If you uncheck "Resync after creating the RAID array", the resync will be skipped. If the LinkStation is rebooted during the resyncing process, the resync will begin again from the beginning.
9
Step through the wizard to create the array. After changing the RAID mode, create a shared folder.RMM (RAID Mode Manager)
Changing from JBOD to RAID 1
Hard drives that aren't in a RAID array will have the status "Normal". You must have at least two drives that are not in a RAID array to build a new RAID 1 array with RMM. Building the RAID 1 array will save the data on one of the drives and overwrite the data on the other drive. You will be able to choose which drive's data to keep.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Click to the right of "RAID".3
Choose a RAID array.4
Set the RAID mode to "RAID 1".5
Check "Add a disk to RAID array with RMM. Your data will be preserved.".6
Select the drive whose data will be saved from the drop-down menu.7
Select the drive to add to the RAID array.8
Click Create RAID Array.Adding a Drive to an Existing RAID Array
You can add a drive to a RAID 1 or RAID 5 array. Drives that can be added to the RAID array will have the status "Normal". Adding a drive to the array in this fashion will preserve the data on the array but overwrite all data on thenew drive that you add.
Note: RMM can be used to expand an array by one drive per operation. To expand by two or more drives, RMM must be performed multiple times.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Click to the right of "RAID".3
Choose a RAID array.4
Select the drive to add the RAID array.5
Click Create RAID Array.6
The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number, then click OK.Changing the RAID Mode While Adding a Drive
Select the drive you want to add the RAID array and choose the mode for the array. The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number, then click OK.
RAID Scanning
A RAID scan checks your RAID array for bad sectors and if it finds any it automatically repairs them. RAID 1, RAID 10, and RAID 5 arrays are supported. For best result, run RAID scans regularly.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Move the RAID scanning switch to the position to enable RAID scanning.3
Click to the right of "RAID Scanning".4
Click Edit.5
Select the schedule for running RAID maintenance, then click OK.Notes:
• Check "Immediately" to run a RAID scan immediately. • To stop a RAID scan, click Cancel RAID Scan.
Adding an External Hard Drive
Connect an External Drive
Your LinkStation includes a USB port and you can connect an external drive to this port. It will appear as a shared folder on the LinkStation. Formatted drives are detected automatically. Unformatted drives should be formatted in Settings.
After a USB drive is recognized, Windows adds "usbdisk X" under the LinkStation in "Network", where "X" is the USB port where the hard drive is connected.
Notes:
• Hubs are not supported. Connect a single USB drive to the USB port.
• Backup data from Mac OS may include characters that cannot be written to FAT16 or FAT32 drives such as ".DS_Store". For best results, reformat the drive before using it as a backup target.
Compatibility
• Digital cameras • USB-connected UPSs • USB printers
Buffalo external USB drives are recommended. These devices are not supported:
• DUB and DIU series drives • Hubs, mice, and keyboards
Connect only one device to a USB port. Some external drives with automatic power-on don't turn on automatically when connected to the LinkStation. Use their manual switch to turn them on. Be sure to connect only one bus-powered drive at a time. If there is insufficient bus power for your USB drive, connect its AC adapter. Note that only the first partition of a connected USB hard drive is mounted. Additional partitions are not recognized.
Note: Hard drives formatted with NTFS, exFAT, ext3, or HFS+ will have read-only access.
Dismounting Drives
If the LinkStation is powered on, dismount external drives before unplugging them. You may dismount external drives with the function button, or any drives from Settings. If the LinkStation is off, then all drives are already dismounted and may be unplugged safely.
Note: If you unplug your external drives without dismounting them, Settings may still show "usbdisk" in File Sharing - Folder Setup. Reboot your LinkStation to clear it.
Dismounting with the Function Button
If the LinkStation is on, hold down the function button for 3 seconds. The white function LED will go out as all attached USB drives are dismounted. You may now unplug them safely.
Dismounting from Settings on a Computer
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Click to the right of "USB Drives".4
The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number and click OK.5
When the following message is displayed, it is safe to unplug the drive.Note: To remount the drive, unplug it and then plug it back again.
Dismounting from Settings on a Mobile Device
1
In Settings, tap USB Device.2
Tap Dismount.Checking Drives
A disk check tests the data on a drive in the LinkStation or connected via USB for integrity. Errors are fixed
automatically. With large drives, a disk check may run for many hours. Shared folders cannot be accessed during a disk check. Do not turn off the LinkStation until the disk check is finished. Follow the procedure below to run a disk check.
1
In Advanced Settings, click Drives.2
Click Drives to check an internal drive or USB Drives to check an external drive.3
Select the drive to test and click Check Disk.4
Click Check. You have the option of deleting information files from Mac OS during the check if desired.Formatting Drives
Note: Under some circumstances, data deleted when a drive is formatted can be recovered. To ensure that data is "gone forever", a format might not be sufficient. See the "Erase Data on the LinkStation Completely" section below.
2
Click Drives to format an internal drive or USB Drives to format an external drive.3
Select the drive to format, then click Format Disk.Note: If you connect an external drive to the LinkStation and the drive status is still shown as "Unformatted", refresh the status by clicking Rediscover Disk. If the status doesn't change, disconnect and reconnect the USB drive.
4
Select a format type and click Format.5
The "Confirm Operation" screen will open. Enter the confirmation number and click OK.LinkStation until the disk format is finished.
Notes:
• Do not turn off or disconnect power to the LinkStation while formatting a hard drive.
• For drives of 2.2 TB or larger, make sure that the "GPT Partition" checkbox is selected. If you accidentally format a larger drive without GPT, disconnect and then reconnect it before reformatting with GPT.
• The following format types are supported to format from Settings: FAT32 (recommended for connecting to computers) and XFS (recommended for adding additional external storage to a LinkStation).
Erase Data on the LinkStation Completely
Under some circumstances, data from formatted drives can be recovered. The disk erasure process in this section does a much more thorough job of erasing data. This procedure is recommended for removing all data from a drive in a way that makes it nearly impossible to recover with current tools. All data on the drives is completely erased. The LinkStation will then be in the following state:
• All drives in JBOD
• An empty shared folder on each drive • All settings returned to their default values • All logs deleted
1
In Advanced Settings, click Management.2
Click to the right of "Restore/Erase".3
Click Erase LinkStation.5
All data on the LinkStation will be permanently erased.Disk Quotas
Disk quota will limit drive space for each user or group. You can also configure alert space which will send a notification email when the drive space exceeded the alert space. To spend a notification, configure email notification referring to chapter 8, "Email Notification" section.
Notes:
• When using quotas, disable the recycle bin or empty the trash folder often. The limited space includes the space used for trash.
• Quotas apply per drive or per array. If a quota is set to 1 GB, each array or drive can use a maximum of 1 GB. • Quotas cannot be set for external drives connected to the LinkStation.
• If both user and group quotas are configured for a user, the most restrictive quota will always apply.
Quotas for Users
Follow this procedure to limit the shared folder disk space available for a user.
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Users".3
Select the user whose space will be limited.4
Enable quotas, choose the maximum space the user will be allowed to use, and click OK.Note: If you change the primary group, restart the LinkStation to apply the quota settings.
5
Click OK.6
Click the icon and select Restart to apply the quota settings.Quotas for Groups
Follow the procedure below to limit the space for shared folders that each group can use.
2
Click to the right of "Groups".3
Select the group whose space will be limited.4
Enable quotas, choose the maximum space the group is allowed, and click OK.5
Click OK.6
In Advanced Settings, click to the right of "Users".7
Select the user who will inherit the group quota settings.8
Change the user's primary group to the group with the quota, then click OK.9
Click OK.10
Click the icon and select Restart to apply the quota settings.Hard Drive Replacement
If a drive fails, NAS Navigator2 and Settings will show an error message.
Notes:
• Do not replace a running drive while the LinkStation is turned on. Power down the LinkStation before changing the drive. While the LinkStation is running, never unplug or remove drives without dismounting them first.
• The replacement drive should be a OP-HD/LS series drive, available from Buffalo. Using a different drive might cause your LinkStation to malfunction.
• Use a Buffalo OP-HD/LS series drive of the same size or larger for the replacement drive. If a larger drive is used, the extra space will not be usable in a mirrored RAID array.
• To avoid damaging the LinkStation with static electricity, ground yourself by touching something made of metal before handling any sensitive electronic parts.
• After a drive is replaced, it will take about 30 minutes before normal file reading and writing are restored. Settings may not be accessible during this period.
• Do not change the order of the hard drives in the LinkStation. For example, pulling out drive 1 and replacing it with drive 2 may cause data to be corrupted or lost.
Rebuilding the RAID Array from a Computer
Before turning off the LinkStation, determine which hard drive has failed. The failed drive's status LED will be glowing red.
1
Turn the LinkStation off and remove all cables.2
Squeeze the left side of the front panel and swing it open.3
Pull the failed drive's cartridge out of the LinkStation.Notes:
• Do not press hard on the top of the LinkStation. • Pull the drive straight out the front of the chassis.
5
Install a new Buffalo OP-HD/LS series drive in the cartridge.6
Replace the four screws.7
Insert the new drive in the empty slot.8
Close the front panel.9
Connect all cables, then turn on the LinkStation.10
For RAID 0
After 5 minutes, the power LED will light up white. Navigate to Drives - RAID in Advanced Settings. Select the array with the error, then click Delete RAID Array.
the drive, change the RAID mode.
For RAID 1, 5, 10
After 5 minutes, the power LED will light up amber. Navigate to Drives - RAID in Advanced Settings. Select the array with the error, then click Recover RAID Array. Follow the procedure on the screen to complete the hard drive replacement.
For JBOD
Navigate to Drives - Drives in Advanced Settings. Format the new drive and create a shared folder before use.
Rebuilding the RAID Array from a Mobile Device
You can also initiate the RAID rebuild from your mobile device. Before turning off the LinkStation, determine which hard drive has failed. The failed drive's status LED will be glowing red.
1
Open Settings and tap the blinking red information icon.3
Check the status of the drive that failed. Follow the instructions to shut down the LinkStation.4
Squeeze the left side of the front panel and swing it open.5
Push the failed drive's cartridge up and remove it from the LinkStation.6
Remove the drive from the cartridge.7
Install a new Buffalo OP-HD/LS series drive in the cartridge.8
Replace the four screws.9
Insert the new drive in the empty slot.10
Close the front panel.11
Connect all cables, then turn on the LinkStation.12
In Settings, tap the blinking yellow information icon.14
Click Yes.Chapter 5 Remote Access
WebAccess
WebAccess is a program for accessing the files in the shared folder of your LinkStation from your computer or mobile device through the Internet. Be careful when configuring WebAccess. Certain settings can make the files in the shared folder available to anyone on the Internet, without any access restrictions.
Configuring from a Computer
Configuration from Easy Admin
Note: Use compatibility mode to use WebAccess with Internet Explorer on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1.
1
Click WebAccess in Easy Admin.2
Move the WebAccess switch to the position to enable WebAccess.3
Select the level of access for each shared folder from the drop-down list.4
Enter a BuffaloNAS.com name for your BuffaloNAS account.hyphens (-). The BuffaloNAS.com name is case-sensitive.
5
Click Apply.6
Continue with the procedure at http://buffalonas.com/manual/setup/en/.Configuration from Advanced Settings
Note: Use compatibility mode to use WebAccess with Internet Explorer on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1.
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "WebAccess".3
Click Edit.4
Configure the desired settings, then click OK.• To use SSL encryption for more secure data transfers, enable "HTTPS/SSL Encryption".
• Choose a "BuffaloNAS.com name" and "BuffaloNAS.com key" for your WebAccess account. Names and keys may use 3 to 20 alphanumeric characters, underscores (_), and hyphens (-).
• If "Exclusive Session" is enabled, users cannot log multiple computers in to WebAccess. Only the last login will be active.
• Enter a time in minutes (1 to 120 or "Unlimited") before inactive users are logged out of WebAccess.
5
Click OK.6
Move the switch to the position to enable WebAccess.7
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".8
Select a shared folder to publish.Notes:
• For best results, create a new dedicated share for WebAccess.
• When accessing shared folders through WebAccess from a remote location, the username and password may be required for certain operations. For best results, create a user account with permissions on the WebAccess share before using WebAccess.
9
Click Edit.10
Under "LAN Protocol Support", check "WebAccess" and click OK.Notes:
• The following levels of security are available:
"Allow Anonymous" - Anyone can access (view) shared folders.
"Allow All Groups and Users" - All groups and users registered on the LinkStation or TeraStation can use WebAccess.
"Use Inherited Folder Permissions" - Users and groups have the same access permissions with WebAccess that they do locally. If access restrictions are not set for the shared folder, then this option will not be shown. • When a user or group can access a folder through WebAccess depends on a combination of WebAccess
settings and the shared folder's settings. Folder Setup
WebAccess Public
Mode Allow Anonymous Allow All Groups and Users Use Inherited Folder Permissions Folder Attribute Read & Write Read Only Read & Write Read Only Read & Write Read Only
WebAccess Account
Not logged in R R - - -
-User with read &
write access R/W R R/W R R/W R User with read-only
access R/W R R/W R R R
Group with read &
write access R/W R R/W R R/W R Group with
read-only access R/W R R/W R R R
Other users R/W R R/W R -
-R: Read only, R/W: Read and write, -: No access
11
Continue with the procedure at http://buffalonas.com/manual/setup/en/.longer work properly. If this happens, disable and then re-enable WebAccess.
Configuring from a Mobile Device
Notes:
• On your mobile device, download and install the "SmartPhone Navigator" and "WebAccess" applications from the App Store (iOS devices) or Google Play (Android devices).
• You can also configure WebAccess settings from Settings.
1
Open "SP Navigator" on your iOS device or "SmartPhone Navigator" on your Android device.2
Select the LinkStation to configure WebAccess.4
Enter a username and password. This will create a new user. Tap Next.5
Enter the password from the previous step again and tap Next.Note: If UPnP is not enabled on your network, you will only be able to access your NAS from the local network. To use WebAccess from outside your home, either enable UPnP in the router or open port 9000 for WebAccess in
your router's settings.
7
Tap Open WebAccess.8
WebAccess will launch.9
Tap OK if the following message is displayed.10
Tap your LinkStation's hostname to open the shared folder.If Creating BuffaloNAS.com Name Failed
If UPnP is disabled in your router, creating the BuffaloNAS.com name from SmartPhone Navigator may fail. If this happens, try the following procedure.
1
Tap the "SmartPhone Navigator" icon on your mobile device.2
Tap Open Settings.3
Tap WebAccess.4
Select the access level from the drop-down list and tap Apply.5
Tap OK.6
Enter the desired BuffaloNAS.com name.7
Select "Configure router's port settings manually", enter the router's port number, and tap Apply.FTP
By default, the LinkStation's shares are only accessible by users connected to the same network or router as the LinkStation. The optional FTP server allows users outside the local network to access the LinkStation.
Note: FTP is intended for users who already have FTP client software and have experience with it.
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Move the FTP switch to the position to enable FTP.3
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".5
Click Edit.6
Select read-only or read & write for the shared folder's attribute; under "LAN Protocol Support", check "FTP" and click OK.Accessing the LinkStation with an FTP client
• To access the LinkStation via FTP, configure your FTP client software with the following settings: Hostname: IP address of the LinkStation
Username: The LinkStation's username Password: The LinkStation's password Port: 21
• Shared folders connected by FTP are available from the "/mnt" directory. The default locations are: /mnt/disk1/share
/mnt/usbdisk1
Accessing the LinkStation with an anonymous user*
• To allow anonymous access to your FTP share, disable access restrictions.
• To access the LinkStation via anonymous FTP, configure your FTP client software with the following settings: Hostname: IP address of the LinkStation
Username: Anonymous Password: Any character string Port: 21
*If the LinkStation joins a domain, anonymous users cannot access it.
Notes:
• Don't use FTP to share files and folders with multi-byte characters in their names with a Mac. Use an AFP or SMB connection instead.
• If a file was created or copied by AFP, you may not be able to delete it using an FTP connection. If this occurs, use an SMB or AFP connection instead to delete the file.
• For FTP connections, make sure that the total filename including directory path is 250 single-byte characters or less.
• The FTP guest account (username "guest" and blank password) does not have permission to access an external hard drive connected to the LinkStation. To access an external drive, log in as an administrator or registered user.
Chapter 6 Backup
Back Up from the LinkStation
You can back up LinkStation folders to: • A different folder on the LinkStation • Another LinkStation on the network • Another TeraStation on the network
Preparing a Backup Destination
First, configure a folder as a backup destination.
1
In Advanced Settings, click File Sharing.2
Click to the right of "Folder Setup".3
Choose the folder to set as a backup destination.4
Click Edit.5
Under "LAN Protocol Support", check "Backup" and click OK.Notes:
• To configure a password, enter it in the "Remote Backup Password" field. Leave this field blank if you don't want a password. If the target or source device is configured with a backup password, the folder will not be listed as a target or source device in the folder list unless the configured password is entered.
• A backup password is not available when a new shared folder is created by a power user.
Backing up to a LinkStation or TeraStation on another network when connected by
a VPN
You can back up to a LinkStation or TeraStation on another network as long as the two networks are connected by a VPN. Follow this procedure to enter the IP address or hostname of the target LinkStation or TeraStation.
