Name: __________________________________________ Chapter 15: Migration
As you read chapter 15, answer the following questions thoroughly. What do demographers try to analyze and understand? How?
Why study aggregate populations instead of individual lives?
What new kinds of tools used to study population?
The “New Europes”
List 8 developments discussed in Chapter 14.
The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Devastation of the Amerindian Population
What were the negatives of the Columbian Exchange?
Benefits of the Columbian Exchange
North America
Who challenged Spain in the New World? How were they able to?
Define indentures laborers. Describe how this is relevant in the New World.
What were they used for? (be specific)
Who were the Puritans and why did they wish to separate from the Church of England?
Who were the Pilgrims?
Why was Pennsylvania attractive to the Quakers?
What ensured the North America would be English speaking? Where did the French go? The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600-1900
What was Australia used for? Be specific.
How did Europeans affect Australia and New Zealand?
Where did British colonization begin in Australia? Where did it move to?
How did the Australian Aborigines initially react? Did they resist or lay down? Be specific.
Describe the Maoris and their war tactics.
South Africa, 1652-1902
Who became the first European settlers?
Why did they take their area?
Who did they give it to?
Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500-1750
What was the difference between Europeans and Africans coming to the New World?
Who started making Africans slaves?
What were they used for? Be specific.
Reinterpreting the Slave Trade
Why were slaves important in Africa? Be specific.
What are the negative aspects for Africa? Be specific.
Asian Migrations, 1300-1750
Who are the conquests of western Europeans and Central Asians different? Be specific.
The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1700
Who was the Ottoman Empire named for?
Describe their growth through the 13th and 14th centuries.
When did it begin to decline?
What were the 3 groups who led and sustained Turkish invasions? (list and describe).
When did they move into Europe?
What did the Ottomans do under Mehmed II? Be specific.
What occurred in 1600?
Define madrasas.
What did the Zsitva Torok do?
What financial problems were the Ottomans having and why?
Describe the population growth of the Ottoman Empire. Again, be specific.
India: The Mughal Empire, 1526-1707 Who were the Mughals?
Who were the 4 generations of commanding emperors? What did they do?
Who was Babur? What did he do?
Akbar, Emperor of India
At what age did he take the throne and why?
Describe what he did showing that he showed no mercy?
What did he do to figure out taxes?
What did he concede to the Hindu majority? What did they need to do for Akbar?
Define jizya. How is this important under Akbar?
Define syncretism. Why did Akbar encourage this?
In 1600, what was the population of India?
Who was Aurangzeb? What did he do?
Safavid Persia, 1400-1700
Who devastated and repopulated Persia in the 13th century?
By the end of the century, what did they do?
Who was Timur the Lame, and what did he do?
Who was Shah Abbas and what did he do?
How did be build up the military? Be specific.
Did he participate in slavery?
Describe his view on trade. Be specific.
Why did the Safavids decline by the end of the 17th century?
China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368-1750 What was going on in China’s economy by 1600?
Describe the Ming border policy.
What did the Manchu invasions do to China?
What did the Qing do for China?
Global Population Growth and Movement
Why did Europe’s population triple from 1000 to 1700?
Why did the population of Africa decline? America?
What happened between 1820 and 1930?
Cities and Demographics: Delhi/Shahjahanabad What did each Mughal emperor do?
From where did Akbar rule?
What did Akbar’s grandson rebuild and what did the population reach? Describe it.
How did Stephan Blake describe the Delhi of Shah Jahan?
What did the poet Amir Khusrau inscribe on the walls?
What did the larger city house?
Why did Blake describe Shahjohanabad as a “nomadic court and its tents of stone?”
What was the main function of the city?
Isfahan
When did it become the capital? Describe it.
Describe the artisanal production and trade.
What did Shah Abbas and European powers have in common?
What did he do for the military of Iran in this new age?
Constantinople (Istanbul)
Define conurbation. Describe the city.
What did Braudel see Istanbul as and why?
What hurt Istanbul dealing with trade?
London
Why did London grow when other European cities did not? (5 reasons)
What kept English population growth low?
Migration and Demography: What Difference Do They Make? New Europes. (summarize)
Re-evaluation of slave trade. (summarize)
Mongol-Turkic and European patterns. (summarize)
Political and trade oriented capitals. (summarize)
Review Questions:
What were the “New Europes?” What characteristics did they share in common?
What were the similarities and the differences between the great migrations from the eastern hemisphere across the Atlantic to the western hemisphere, 1500-1750, and the migrations from Central Asia to Turkey, Iran, and India at about the same time and slightly earlier?
What were the principal reasons for growth of most very large cities before the industrial revolution of about 1800?
