Biomes 18-19.ppt

First Five

October 21, 2019

Norm: voice level is Zero

Place homework in bins

Current Homework:

1.Complete Grassland/Savanna Research

Due: October 22, 2019

DIN: Study Forest Biomes (5 minutes)

•Study Tome

Engage Activity

World of Biomes

Land vs. Water

A. Terrestrial ecosystems

-these are land based

•

such as forests and grasslands

B. Aquatic ecosystems

– these are

water ecosystems

•

Fresh water: ponds and lakes

•

Saltwater: oceans, and saltwater

marshes

What is a Biome?

• Biomes are very large

ecological areas on the earth’s

surface, with animals and

plants adapting to their

environment.

• Biomes are often defined by

abiotic factors such as climate,

relief, geology, soils and

Forest Biome Review

Before The Quiz

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK_j4BtX3So

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLOo4HbLDAs

1. Tropical Rainforest

• Location: Found near equator

• little variation in temperatures.

• No distinct seasonal changes.

•

Earth's most complex land

biome



high biodiversity and biomass



both hot and moist



ideal for bacteria and other

microorganisms



they quickly decompose matter on

the forest floor allowing nutrients to

be recycled.



<1 cm of topsoil

Tropical Rainforest Adaptations

Animal adaptation

Many animals are specialists and

require special habitat

components to survive

Example: Camflouge

Monkeys, panthers, birds, frogs,

iguanas, many insects

Plant adaptation

•Tall trees in a region of

year-round warmth

•Has more kinds of trees than any

other area in the world

2. Taiga AKA Boreal Forest

Largest Biome in the world

Climate:

•The winters are very cold with only snowfall. •The summers are warm, rainy, and humid.

Taiga Plant adaptations

Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant

Roots long to anchor trees

Needles long, thin and waxy

Low sunlight and poor soil keeps plants from growing on forest floor

Animal Adaptations of the Taiga

Adapt for cold winters

A. Coniferous Forests (Boreal)

Coniferous forests are made up of mostly conifers, trees that have cones.

Location: These forests are found mostly in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere.

Examples:

• Trees include: Fir, spruces, hemlocks, and pines

• Animals include moose, deer, caribou, wolves, bears, and elk.

Example: Fir Tree

Climate:

Winters are long and cold

Averages 100 in/yr. precipitation mostly snow

Soil poor in nutrients and very acidic

3

. Temperate Deciduous Forests

Location:



found in temperate zone

(about 48

North latitude)



Much of the human population

lives in this biome



Characterized by an

abundance of deciduous (leaf

bearing) trees



Characterized by 4 seasons

• Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in

nutrients

A. Temperate Deciduous Forests

Plant adaptations

• More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.

• Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter

• Examples: High density with hickory and oak trees.

• Deciduous forests grow in layers

• More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.

Animal adaptations

 Lose Winter Coat

 Adapt to many seasons

 Eat from different layers of the forest

Animal examples:

African Savanna

4.Savannas (Tropical Grasslands)

Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth.

Location:

• Found in the tropics…near equator • Amount of precipitation supports tall

grasses but only occasional trees. • Rainy and dry season 25-150 in/yr.

precipitation

• Savanna gets more rain than the Desert biome

• Richest soil

A. Savannas (Tropical Grasslands

)

Plant Adaptations

 Grows in Tufts

 Resistance to Drought

 Many plants have thorns and sharp leaves to protect against predation.

 Examples: Shrubs and small trees

Animal Adaptations

 Adapt for short rainy season migrate as necessary

 Limited food leads to vertical feeding

 Reproduce during rainy season ensures more young survive

Desert vs. Tundra

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9J4LFAGe5M

5. Desert Biomes

 Location: Usually flat and sandy, but also in Antarctica

 1/5 of earth’s land is desert

Climate:

<10 in/yr of rain

Least amount of precipitation in all biomes

Little to no topsoil due to high winds.

Minerals not deep in soil.

Too dry for decay

Extreme heat during day and cold during night.

FYI: While there are many types of deserts, they all share one

characteristic:

A. Desert Biomes

Desert Plant Adaptations:

 Spines

 Succulents

 Thick, waxy cuticle

 Shallow, broad roots

 Examples: cactus, brittle bush, Joshua tree

Desert Animal Adaptations:

 Get water from food

 Thick outer coat

 Burrow during day

 Large ears

 Smaller animals

 Examples: bob cat, armadillo lizard, tortoise, snake

6. Tundra

Location

:

Tundra regions are found in the northern and southern hemispheres between the ice-covered poles and the taiga or

coniferous forests.

In the north, this biome stretches across northern Canada and Alaska, Siberia and northern Scandinavia, on or close to the Arctic Circle.

There are also areas of tundra in coastal Antarctica

 <25 in/year of rain

 Very little precipitation (2nd)

 Temp rarely higher than 100_{C = 50 F}

 50 F is during the summer season

 Permafrost layer

A. Tundra

Plant Adaptations

 Growing close to the ground

 Having shallow roots to absorb the limited water resources.

 Trees grow less than 1m high!

 Examples: arctic moss, caribou moss

Animal Adaptations  Many visitors, migration

 Few predators

 Little Competition

 Small ears

 Insulation, thick coat

 Examples: bears, marmot, lemmings, snowy owl, and arctic fox

Movie Clip

Terrestrial

Aquatic: Estuaries

Fresh water + Salt water = Estuaries

•is a partially enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the salty sea water

•Are places of transition from land to sea •From fresh to salt water.

Examples:

•bays, lagoons, harbors, inlets

•San Francisco Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Boston Harbor, and Tampa Bay.

• Very productive biome because it receives lots of light and nutrients.

• Often used as nursery for young

• Fosters an abundance diversity of wildlife

• Examples:

• Shore birds, fish, crabs,

lobsters, marine mammals, clams and other shellfish,

Freshwater Biome

A. Lakes

• Lake are the deepest of fresh water systems

• Lakes are fed by underground aquifer or stream

• Most lakes and ponds are freshwater ecosystems.

• The water in each of these

ecosystems does not move much. • Because lakes are larger, they are

usually permanent.

• The temperature of lakes can change over time.

• In tropical areas the lakes will stay the same relative temperature with the water getting colder the deeper you go.

• In northern lakes, the change in temperature due to the seasons will move the water.

Freshwater Biome

B. Ponds

• Ponds are fed by rainfall and may be seasonal

• Ponds are smaller than lakes.

• Ponds sometimes dry up during hot, dry summer weather.

• Sun can reach bottom • Fed by rainfall

• May be seasonal

• Algae and plants throughout

• Ponds shallow water bodies barely reach 15 feet in-depth and allow the sun to penetrate to its bottom allowing freshwater plants to grow.

Saltwater Biome

• The ocean has many kinds of

ecosystems.

• The oceans are so large that the

conditions in one part of the ocean are very different from the

conditions in another part of the ocean.

• Some ocean ecosystems are

close to land and receive more sunlight.

• FYI: In the deep sea, sunlight cannot reach the ocean floor and the ecosystems are quite different.

• Open ocean is one of the least productive areas on earth, too little sunlight to support plant growth.

• Covers nearly ¾ of the Earth’s surface.

• Plants are micro and macroscopic Have floating plants

• Coral reefs are the largest ocean ecosystem known for colonies of small marine animals

Saltwater Biome

• snails crawl and scoot along the ocean bottom

• Jellyfish

Just to name a few………

Plant Adaptations

• Most of the ocean's plant life consists of microscopic algae called

phytoplankton that float at the surface and through photosynthesis produce about half of the oxygen that humans and all other terrestrial creatures breathe.

• Seaweed and kelp are big algae easily visible to the naked eye.

• Marine plants with roots, like sea

grass, can only survive as deep as the sun’s rays can support photosynthesis —about 650 feet (200 meters).