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Chemistry

Chapter 2

Section 1 Properties of Matter

Big Idea

"Chemistry As The Central Science"

Describing Matter

*All matter has mass and takes up space *Mass = measure of the amount of matter the object contains

*Volume = the amount of space an object takes up

*Extensive Property = depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Describing Matter

*Intensive Property = depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

*Take types of soda for example: *Which one has the most sugar?

*Sugar is an example of an intensive property

Describing Matter

*Substance = matter that has a uniform and definite composition

*All samples of the same substance have IDENTICAL intensive properties

*Physical Properties = A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or

measured without changing the substance's composition

What are some physical properties of this bowling ball? States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Vapor

Definite

Shape? Definite Volume?

Other Info:

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Compre-ssible?

No

No

Yes

Yes

Gas at room temp Liquid at room temp

Expand When Heated?

Very Little Very Little Yes

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Physical Changes

*Physical Change = Some properties of the material change but the composition does not!

*Can be reversible and irreversible

Classwork

*Mini Lab on next slides

*2.1 Lesson Check # 1 - 9

Homework

*Read 2.2 & 2.3

*SG 2.1

Mini Lab: Solid, Liquid, or What?

You need a measuring spoon, cornstarch, a small bowl, and water

1. Add 1/3 cup of cornstarch to the bowl and then 1/3 cup of water

2. Stir the contents and let stand for 5 minutes 3. Slowly push your finger into the mixture. Repeat with your fist.

4. Quickly jab your finger into the mixture. Repeat with your fist.

5. Take a handful of the mixture and form a ball. Squeeze and release the ball several times.

6. Answer the questions on the next slide to help you with your QCE sheet

1. What happens when you slowly push into the mixture with your finger or fist?

2. When you jab it quickly? 3. When you squeeze the ball? 4. When you release the ball?

5. What condition seems to determine whether the mixture behaves like a solid or a liquid?

With your group fill out a QCE sheet. Post on the back wall....collaborate...turn in finished product.

Chemistry

Chapter 2

Section 2 Mixtures

Big Idea

"Chemistry as the Central Science"

Classifying Mixtures

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Classifying Mixtures

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

*Not uniform throughout *Uniform throughout *AKA a solution

*Many are liquid, but some are solids or gases *Only 1 phase *More than 1 phase

Separating Mixtures

*Many ways to do this!

*Filtration *Distillation

*Look at the properties and find what differs *Use that to separate

*How could I separate iron filings from table salt?

Class Activity!

* I will separate you into different groups.

Classwork

*2.2 Lesson Check #12 - 19

Homework *SG 2.2

Chemistry

Chapter 2

Section 3

Elements & Compounds

Big Idea

"Chemistry as the Central Science"

Distinguishing Elements & Compounds

* Element = simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

*Listed on the Periodic Table

*Cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances

*Always a substance, never a mixture

*Compound = substance that contains two or more elements

*Can be broken down chemically into simpler substances

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Element

Compound

Gold

Water Zinc

Titanium

Air

Distinguishing Elements & Compounds

*A Chemical Change = produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

*Properties of Compounds

*Usually very different than the elements that make them up

Distinguishing Substances & Mixtures

Can be separated physically to form

Can be separated chemically to form

Symbols & Formulas

*Each element is represented by a one or two letter chemical symbol

*Pb = Lead *O = Oxygen *Mg = Magnesium *N = Nitrogen

*When only one letter - uppercase

*When two letters - first uppercase & second lowercase

The Periodic Table - A Preview

*Separated into groups based on on a set of repeating properties

Period, properties vary

G r o u p

Similar chemical & physical properties

Classwork

*2.3 Lesson Check # 22 - 31

Homework

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Chemistry

Chapter 2

Section 4 Chemical Reactions

Big Idea

"Chemistry as the Central Science"

Chemical Changes

*Chemical Property = The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

*Iron can rust = chemical property

*Remember that during a chemical change the composition ALWAYS changes

*Also called chemical reactions Sugar Carbon + WaterHeat Reactant(s) Product(s)

Recognizing Chemical Changes

*Four clues

1. Involves transfer of energy 2. Change in color

3. Production of a gas

4. Production of a solid (aka precipitate)

*Just because one of these happen doesn't mean for sure that a chemical change happened

*The only way to be sure that a chemical change happened is to test the composition before and after

Conservation of Mass

*States that mass is never created nor destroyed

*This means that during any change (physical or chemical) the total mass of the reactant(s) is exactly equal to the total mass of the product(s)!

Fe + S FeS

What if... 10g

?

35g

?

10g 10g

Classwork

*Lesson check 2.4 # 32 - 38

Homework

*Finish SG

References

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