Chapter 13 -The Middle Ages.ppt

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Chapter 13

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Section 1

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under

Charlemagne

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Invasion Triggers

Change

•_{Repeated barbarian invasions}

disrupted Western Europe:

•_{Disruption of Trade: money issues}

develop

•Downfall of Cities: cities abandoned

•_{Population Shifts: People fled the}

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Invasion Triggers

Change

• _{The Germanic}

invaders could not read &

write, and the knowledge of

Greek & Roman culture almost disappeared.

•

There was a

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Germanic Kingdoms

Emerge

• Family ties & personal loyalty, rather that citizenship to a

public state, bound Germanic society together.

• They were governed by

unwritten rules & traditions.

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Germanic Kingdoms

Emerge

• _Gaul

•Led by the Franks. • _Clovis

•A convert to Christianity.

•This allowed him to unite the Franks into one

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Germanic Peoples Adopt

Christianity

• To adapt to rural conditions the Church built

monasteries.

• The Monks will give up their possessions to convert the tribes.

• Benedict will write a rule that will be the guide for

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Germanic Peoples Adopt

Christianity

• Pope Gregory I will

broaden the authority of the pope into secular

power.

• Church money was used to raise armies,

repair roads, & help the poor.

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A European Empire Evolves

• _{Clovis had laid the foundations for the}

Frankish kingdom.

• By 700, the mayor of the palace was technically in charge.

• 719 – Charles Martel, the Hammer, will extend the Frank’s kingdom.

• He will also defeat the Muslims

in Spain at the Battle of

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A European Empire Evolves

• Pepin the Short

•Formed an alliance with the pope.

•Pepin fought the

Lombards & in return the pope appointed Pepin

“king by the grace of God.”

•_{Will leave the kingdom to}

his sons.

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Charlemagne Takes Center

Stage

• Charlemagne

(Charles the Great)

•Built an empire greater than any known since

Ancient Rome.

•_{Known for}

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Stage

• _{In the year 800,}

Charlemagne is

crowned emperor by Pope Leo III.

• _{The pope had claimed}

the political right to

confer the title “Roman Emperor” on a

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Charlemagne Takes Center

Stage

• _{Charlemagne limited the authority of}

the nobles.

• He sent out royal agents to check on his territories.

• _{He visited his kingdom frequently.}

• Learning was an important part of his empire, ex ~ schools for priests,

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Charlemagne Takes Center

Stage

• Charlemagne dies in

814 leaving his kingdom to his son Louis the

Pious (ineffective ruler).

• Louis’ three sons,

Lothair, Charles the Bald, & Louis the

German will eventually divide the kingdom

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Section 2

Feudalism in

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New Invasions Trouble

Western Europe

• Vikings

• From Scandinavia & were the most feared.

• Fierce warriors but traders as well, going far beyond Western Europe.

• As the Vikings began to accept Christianity & the climate changed in

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New Invasions Trouble

Western Europe

• _{Invasions from the Magyars & the}

Muslims will also create problems.

• The Vikings, Magyars, & Muslims made most western Europeans to live in constant fear.

• Local rulers who could fight the

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Feudalism

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Feudalism Structures

Society

• Eventually, the system of governing & landowning called feudalism emerged.

• The feudal system was based on mutual obligations:

• In exchange for military protection a Lord, granted land called a fief.

• The person receiving the fief was called a vassal.

• Feudal Society worked as a triangle

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Feudalism Structures

Society

• Under the Kings & vassals, the knights

pledged their loyalty to fight for the vassal in exchange for a fief.

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Feudalism Structures

Society

• Status determined a

person’s prestige.

• _{Those who fought,}

those who prayed & those who worked.

• Most of the peasants were serfs: people who could not leave the

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Manors : The Economic

Side

• The manor was the lord’s estate. • The lord provided the serfs with

housing, strips of land, & protection.

• In return, the serfs tended the lord’s land, cared for the

animals, & maintained the estate.

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Manors : The Economic

Side

• _{Peasants had to pay taxes to the}

Lords as well a tithe or church tax.

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Section 3

The Age of Chivalry

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Warriors on

Horseback

• _{Eventually, mounted knights}_{Eventually, mounted knights}

became the most important part of

an army.

• _{Western Europe will become a}_{Western Europe will become a}

battleground for warring nobles

vying for power. Knights became

vital to this system

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Knighthood &

Chivalry

• _{Chivalry ~}_{Code that demanded}

that a knight fight bravely in defense of 3 masters & were brave, loyal & courteous.

1. Feudal Lord

2. Heavenly Lord

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Knighthood &

Chivalry

• _{Boys trained for}

knighthood at an early age.

• Some knights would fight in mock battles called tournaments.

• _{Actual battles were far}

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Literature of Chivalry

• _{Feudal Lords & ladies}

listened to epic

poems about King

Arthur & The Song of Roland.

• _Troubadours_were

the poet-musicians at the castles of Europe.

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The Shifting Role of Women

• Women’s role remained unchanged during the Middle Ages (home or convent).

• Noblewomen did have some rights:

• EX ~ inherit an estate, send knights into

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Section 4

The Church Wields

Power

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The Scope of Church

Authority

• Pope Gelasius I:

• Pope should bow to the emperor in political

matters.

• Emperor should bow to the pope in religious matters.

• However, the Church will be a stable force in the people’s lives. It will become the

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The Scope of Church

Authority

• All Christians were subject to canon law.

• Excommunication

• banishment from the Church.

• Interdict

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Church & Holy Roman

Empire

• Otto I_{Otto I}

• gained support of

the clergy to put down the nobility.

• crowned emperor

by the pope for defeating

invaders.

• people began to

fear the growing

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Holy Roman Emperor Clashes

with the Pope

• Church officials were upset at the king’s interference especially Pope Gregory VII who banned lay investiture.

• Henry IV, the German

emperor fired back at the pope & was then

excommunicated.

• This problem was settled with the Concordat of

Worms in 1122.

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