holocaust.ppt

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Nuremberg Laws

 Jews began to face more persecutionJews began to face more persecution

 Stores were boycottedStores were boycotted  Jews removed from jobsJews removed from jobs

 In 1935, the In 1935, the Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws were were

passed

– took away Jewish political rightstook away Jewish political rights

– segregation (ghettos)segregation (ghettos)

– curfewscurfews

– permits to travelpermits to travel

– id patchesid patches

 Hitler encouraged Jews to leave the Hitler encouraged Jews to leave the

country and many did

 You couldn’t take your possessions with You couldn’t take your possessions with

you

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The horizontal

categories list markings for the following types of prisoners: political, professional criminal, emigrant, Jehovah's Witnesses,

homosexual, Germans shy of work, and other nationalities shy of work. The vertical categories begin with the basic colors, and then show those for repeat offenders,

prisoners in punishment kommandos, Jews, Jews who have violated racial laws by having sexual relations with Aryans, and Aryans who violated racial laws by having sexual

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Final

Solution



After the invasion of

Poland, Jews began to

be rounded up and put

into ghettos to control

them



By 1939, the Nazis

began the final

solution:

extermination of the

Jewish race



Ghetto wall being constructed in

Warsaw…the top was covered with

barbed wire



Warsaw was the largest housing

almost 1\2 million Jews

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Concentration Camps\Death

Camps



Stages of the Holocaust

– Jews were moved from ghettos to concentration camps to become labor Jews were moved from ghettos to concentration camps to become labor for the war effort

for the war effort

– They were put in with other prisoners: Socialists, Communists, criminals, They were put in with other prisoners: Socialists, Communists, criminals, Gypsies, etc.

Gypsies, etc.

– The SS (Schutzstaffel) began sending out special killing squads into The SS (Schutzstaffel) began sending out special killing squads into Russia to kill all Jews they came in contact with

Russia to kill all Jews they came in contact with – An estimated 1,400,000 Jews were killed by 1941An estimated 1,400,000 Jews were killed by 1941

– German industry which supported the Nazis began to create ways to kill German industry which supported the Nazis began to create ways to kill and dispose of bodies more effectively

and dispose of bodies more effectively

 Asphyxiation (exhaust)Asphyxiation (exhaust)  Zyklon B (gas)Zyklon B (gas)

– The Wansee Conference of 1942 led to the final aspects of the “final The Wansee Conference of 1942 led to the final aspects of the “final solution”. The total extermination of all Jews in Europe

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Heinrich Himmler



In German, Schutzstaffel.

Protection Squad. Units formed

in 1925 as Hitler's personal

bodyguard. The SS was later

built into a giant organization

by Heinrich Himmler. It

provided staff for police, camp

guards, and military units

serving with the German army.



Himmler was also head of the

death camps

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Death Camps



Death camps

were

built in Eastern

Europe, esp. Poland



Why?



Some of the most

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 At death camps like Auschwitz, children did not fare well: they were At death camps like Auschwitz, children did not fare well: they were

generally killed upon arrival.Children born in the camps were

generally killed on the spot, especially if the child was Jewish.

generally killed on the spot, especially if the child was Jewish.  So called camp doctors, especially the notorious Josef Mengele, So called camp doctors, especially the notorious Josef Mengele,

would torture Jewish children, Gypsy children and many others.

"Patients" were put into pressure chambers, tested with drugs,

castrated, frozen to death, and exposed to various other traumas.

 Mengele was almost fanatical about drawing blood from twins, mostly Mengele was almost fanatical about drawing blood from twins, mostly

identical twins. He is reported to have bled some to death this way.

identical twins. He is reported to have bled some to death this way.  Mengele injected chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to Mengele injected chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to

change their eye color.

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•

In the immediate postwar, Mengele found himself in US custody. Unaware

that Mengele's name already stood on a list of wanted war criminals,

however, US officials quickly released him.

•

He emigratied to South America. Mengele settled in Argentina.

•

Alarmed by the capture of Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires in that same

year, Mengele moved to Paraguay and then to Brazil, spending the last

years of his life near Sao Pãolo.

•

In declining health, Mengele suffered a stroke while swimming at a

vacation resort near Bertioga, Brazil, on February 7, 1979, and drowned. He

was buried in a suburb of Sao Pãolo under the fictive name “Wolfgang

Gerhard.”

•

In 1985, German police, working on evidence they had recently confiscated

from a Mengele family friend in Günzburg, located Mengele's grave and

exhumed his corpse.

•

Brazilian forensic experts thereafter positively identified the remains as

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

“Work makes one free”



Auschwitz barracks

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Inside the death camps

 Video (Escape From Sobibor)Video (Escape From Sobibor)

 Some Jews taken to the camps Some Jews taken to the camps

were made workers to keep the

camp going

 How were the Jews divided How were the Jews divided

when they got off the train?

when they got off the train?  Who was kept and who was Who was kept and who was

sent away?

 When they arrived, why do you When they arrived, why do you

think they played music?

 Usually the Jews were taken to Usually the Jews were taken to

have their clothes taken and be

deloused.

 Their heads were shavedTheir heads were shaved

 They were then told they would have a They were then told they would have a

shower……..this is where they would

be gases

 After this, their bodies would be After this, their bodies would be

checked for valuables (gold fillings,

etc.)

 Their possessions were used by the Their possessions were used by the

Germans (shoes, glasses, hair, etc.)

 They took everything from the Jews They took everything from the Jews

before killing them

 The bodies were then placed in The bodies were then placed in

crematoriums to be burned

 Their ashes were even put to good useTheir ashes were even put to good use  Others who were kept alive were used Others who were kept alive were used

for experiments

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Typical Day (if you can call

it that)



You being early in the morning (4:30 am)



“

Kapos” were in charge of each barrack; Jewish



Given something to eat



Role call



Work



Returning workers carried dead workers back because they had to

be present for role call



The SS would take a long time taking role, esp. if it was raining or

snowing



Barracks were overcrowded, disease, fleas, etc.



Few lived longer than 6 months due to disease and starvation, hard

labor, beatings, torture, experiments

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Six

Million

Jews

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Just let him into art

school

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Sobibór extermination camp

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