EOI study Guide
1. When did the Industrial revolution start? Middle of the 1700’s. What did Eli Whitney invent? The cotton gin, interchangeable parts
3. What is Nativism? Preference for native-born people and a desire to limit immigration 4. What was the Missouri Compromise?
5. What was popular sovereignty? People have the power
6. Who was Dred Scott, why was he important at this time? He was an African American who sued for his freedom. Was denied by the Supreme Court because he was not considered a “citizen”
7. What events triggered the secession of the South? Debate over bringing in new states as either slave or free, and economic tariffs.
8. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act and why was it important? Kansas would be a slave state, Nebraska a fee state
9. What are the political parties of this era, what characteristics did they have and who were their leaders? Whigs, Democrat, Liberty, Free-Soil, Republican, American Party (Know-nothings)
10. What was the Compromise of 1850?
11. How did the North’s advantage in industry help in the war? They had all the machinery and money needed to support the war
12. Who had the advantage in financing the war? The North
14. When did Abraham Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? Sept. 22, 1862
15. How had the economy been affected at the end of 1862? The North the economy was growing in the South the economy was suffering greatly. The south had no one to work the cotton fields, therefore no trade
16. Why did the north want to capture Vicksburg? Access to the Mississippi River
17. What act was passed to override the black codes? Civil Rights Legislation 1866
18. What did the radicals introduce to insure the civil rights act would not be overturned? The 14th
Amendment
19. 13th amendment: ended slavery and involuntary servitude
20. 14th amendment: due process. can not be denied to a person based on color or servitude.
21. 15th Amendment: Right to vote for African Americans
22. What was the GNP? Gross National Product.
23. What was the reason or the nation’s industrial success? Abundance of Natural Resources
24. What was the new resource and what was it used for? Petroleum used as Kerosene
25. How much did the US population grow from 1860-1910? Population almost tripled
27. How did the government help industrialization: subsides, reducing tariffs promoting trade 28. Who was Alexander Graham Bell? Invented the telephone.
29. Who was Thomas Alva Edison: phonograph and electric generators.
30. What did Thaddeus Lowe invent and how did it help businesses? Ice machine and refrigerators 31. What changes took place in the clothing industry? Sizes were created for ready wear
32. What was the Pacific railway Act of 1862? It allowed for the construction of a transcontinental railroad.
33. By linking the nation how did the transcontinental railroad help the nation? They could now ship goods west and increase markets/.
34. What are land grants? Land was given to the railroads by the gov. could sell the land and use the money to create railroads.
35. By 1900’s ho dominated the economy? East coast business tycoons, railroad owners, steel and petroleum producers.
36. What are economies of scale and how did corporations achieve this? Stock sale, make goods more cheaply to sell faster.
37. What 2 groups opposed immigration and why? Nativist, Protestants, The West
38. What 2 major anti-immigration organization was formed? American Protective Association, Workingman’s Party of California
39. How much did the urban population grow after the civil war? Cities with populations over 2500 grew to over 30 million cities.
40. In the new urban environment which way were cities growing? UP
41. What urban problems began to occur? Violence, crime, fires, diseases, pollution
43. What was one of the strongest beliefs of this ear? Individualism
44. How was culture changing in the late 1800’s? Amusement parks, saloons, baseball.
45. What was naturalism? Some people failed in life simply because they were caught up in circumstances they could not control.
46. What were the campaign issues of this election? Hoover/dry, Smith/wet, Hoover Protestant, Smith Catholic
47. Stock Market: a place where company shares are sold on the open market
48. Bull market: when stocks are solid and going up in value
49. Margin: buying stock without having to pay the full amount. Put money down and borrow the remaining cost from the stock broker or bank
50. Describe the crash of the stock market: people had bought on credit, margin calls were made, people did not have the money to pay off the margin call. Banks started collapsing
51. Black Thursday: October 24, 1929. The day the stock market crashed
52. Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 stocks continued falling market lost $10-15 Billion in value
53. In what two ways did the market crash hurt the banks? Many banks had lent money to stock speculators, second many banks had invested depositors’ money in the stock market hoping for higher returns than they could get by using the money for conventional loans
55. How did the Federal Reserve help in causing the depression? – What two ways? The gov did not insure the bank deposits
56. How was the depression worsening from 1930 – 1933. More banks were closing and more people were being laid off.
57. What was the dust bowl? Time period when the mid-west was faced with drought conditions
58. Where were people moving to escape the dust bowl? California. Because they were unable to survive or grow crops.
59. What did Hoover ask Congress to set up to, so the government could lend money? Reconstruction finance corporation to make loans to banks
60. What was FDR’s policy to end the depression called? The New Deal
61. What was the 100 days? The first 100 days of Roosevelt’s term
62. How did the gov. and Roosevelt restore confidence in the banking system? By shutting down the banks and hiring investigators that would certify the bank as been solvent (strong)
63. What were the codes of the National Industrial Act? Set prices, minimum wage, limited work hours.
64. What were the problems with these codes? They were unconstitutional
65. What five agencies/legislation was part of the 2nd new deal? What was the function of each.
67. What kind of legacy did the new deal leave on the US? Stronger sense of security and stability.
68. With the rise of dictatorship and militarism what did most Americans want to support? Isolationism
69. What was the Neutrality Act of 1935? Made it illegal to sell arms to any country that was at war.
70. What three countries became the Axis Powers? Germany, Italy and Japan
71. What did the Neutrality Act of 1937 do? Countries could buy non military supplies using cash and carry.
72. What led to the start of WWII? Germany invading Poland
73. What were the 2 most famous extermination camps? Treblinka, Auschwitz
74. How did Roosevelt change the Neutrality Act in 1939, so the US could help get Britain and France weapons? Warring nations could by weapons by cash and they had to have their own ships
75. What finally bought the US into the War? Pearl Harbor
76. On what date did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and what damage did the ir attack cause? Dec. 7, 1941, sank or damaged 21 ships, 188 planes and killed 2,403 Americans
78. What did Automobile companies start to build instead of cars and why? They built tanks, jeeps, trucks because they already had assembly lines.
79. What was the double “V” campaign? African Americans quest to beat Hitler and racism in the US
80. Who were the Tuskegee Airmen? African American pilots
81. Creating the United Nations. Would have a general assembly, 11 members on the security council and 5 permanent members.
82. Who started the Civil Rights movement? What did she challenge? Rosa Parks, the idea that African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus.
83. What case made, declared segregation constitutional, and what did it establish? Plessey v. Ferguson. Separate but Equal clause
84. What is defacto segregation? Segregation by custom and tradition
85. What nickname was given to the laws that began to separate whites and African Americans? Separate but equal = Jim Crow Laws
86. What case that was segregation in schools – and who was the attorney? Brown v. BOE, Thurgood Marshall
87. What was the Act passed in 1957 about? Civil Rights Act, to protect African American right to vote.
89. What was the Tet offensive? North Vietnamese launched a surprise attack on all American bases in South Vietnam.
