Solid State Drives Where do these new drives fit in

Solid State Drives

Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)

Processors

Memory

_SSD

Disk

Very, very,

very, very,

very fast

Very, very,

very fast

Very, very slow

comparatively

Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000

-8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns

~100 ns

< 10’s ns

New Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)

Processors

Memory

_SSD

Disk

Very, very,

very, very,

very fast

Very, very,

very fast

Very, very slow

comparatively

Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000

-8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns

~100 ns

< 10’s ns

Human Time Context

~ 12.5

hours

~33

minutes

~1 second

Basic Problem --- Disk “Slowing” Down (Relatively)

Capacity growing ok (35% per year), but Read/Seek -1% & Data Rate only

15% per year

While processors & memory speed up and add threads and cache

Seagate 15k RPM/3.5" Drive Specifications

73

450

171

75

3.4

3.6

2002

2008

Capacity (GB)

Max Sustained

DR (MB/s)

Read Seek (ms)

+35%

+15%

-1%

SSD Performance versus HDD

Drive to Drive comparisons

SSD offers up to 33x – 125x

more I/O Operations Per

Second (IOPS)

HDD SSD

HDD is much slower

access -- typically 5X to

40X access time*

125X

33X

HDD SSD

5X

40X

1X

1X

Power Solid State Drive

Sweet spots

1.

Batch window reduction for disk bound applications

You can cut up to 40-50% off window

2.

Response time - transaction/data base for disk bound applications

Internal drives or perhaps even SAN drives

Key points

--

A modest quantity of SSD can make a big difference

-- Both write-heavy and read-heavy work is fine for today’s SSD –

Processors

Memory

_SSD

Disk

Very, very,

very, very,

very fast

Very, very,

very fast

Very, very slow

comparatively

Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000

-8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns

~100 ns

< 10’s ns

SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 1

Associated Bank needed to reduce month end

batch run time from 4+ hours to under 3

hours

SSDs cut 1.5 hours from batch run time

Plus a 16% reduction in # of disk drives

Placed eight DB2 Objects (table, index, view)

on SSD

Batch Performance Runs

0

1

2

3

4

5

H

o

u

rs

72 HDD 72 HDD + 8 SSD 60 HDD + 4 SSD

SSD run 2

SSD run 1

Base run

2:48

4

60

2:43

8

72

4:22

0

72

Batch

Run Time

# of

SSDs

# of SAS

Disk Drives

40% Reduction

SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 2

Customer in health care industry

needed to reduce batch windows

significantly

Daily batch running 10+ hours

Monthly batch running 30+ hours

Added 12 SSDs to 168 HDDs

Cut 50% from daily run time

Cut 50% from monthly run time

.

H

o

u

rs

50% Reduction

with SSD

Monthly

Daily

Batch Windows

SSD Client – Data Warehouse Example

SAP Customer using Business

Intelligence Warehouse (BW 7.0)

installed an all-SSD configuration of

about 800GB.

Huge improvement in aggregate

builds / compression

Significant reductions in queries

60-87% reductions with

SSD

Sample query 1

Sample query 2

Sample build/compression

7 min

5 min

65%

reduction

60%

reduction

20 min

2 min

4 days

1/2 day

HDD

SSD

HDD

SSD

87%

reduction

HDD

SSD

SSD Client Example – IPL Reduction

IBM Development has projected

modest improvement for IBM i and

for AIX, but …..

A USA IBM i POWER6 520 client with

16 drives (4 SSD and 12 HDD)

Client put load source on SSD

Now reporting 3 minute IPLs

A European IBM i client also

reporting 3 minute IPLs

Less downtime

What is your cost per minute or cost per hour for down

time? How long is your typical IPL?

Many Systems Buy “Extra” Disk Arms for Performance

HDD % utilization of capacity is held low to help ensure higher I/O performance

and more consistent response time - arm movement, spinning platter an issue

Write cache and read cache attempt to buffer the impact

SSD % utilization of capacity not restricted

Often less than 30-50% full for performance sensitive workloads

Mixed SSD + HDD Can be Great Solution

Hot data may be only 10-20% capacity, but represent 80-90% activity

SSD offers best price performance when focused on “hot” data

HDD offers best storage cost, so focus it on “cold” data …. a hierarchical approach

It is typical for data bases to have a large percentage of data which is infrequently

Save Space/Energy/Cooling

A few SSD can often replace many HDD

Fewer total drives

Maybe fewer controllers

Fewer I/O drawers

Fewer cables

I/O drawer maintenance reduction

can offset SSD maintenance

Should You Use SAN/SVC SSD or Internal SSD?

yes

yes

yes

yes

Pro’s

Con’s

Use

Internal

SSD

Use

SAN/SVC

SSD

SSD - SAN/SVC or Internal …. Or Mixed?

Pro’s

_Con’s

Use

Internal

SSD

Use

SAN/SVC

SSD

1. Lower latency - internal is about

0.3 milliseconds faster (per access

.. it can add up) (can be larger)

2. If don’t already have SAN/SVC,

lower cost & less learning

3. Multiple Config options

4. Handle just like other internal

storage

1. If already have SAN/SVC, adds

complexity of having internal

PLUS SAN/SVC

2. Reduces value of SAN/SVC high

function capabilities – Flash

Copy, MetroMirror, HA, partition

mobility, etc

1. Leverage SAN/SVC well-known

value proposition of

manageability, control,

functionality, performance, etc

2. If already have SAN/SVC, less

learning, reduced cost to add

3. DS8000 & V7000 EasyTier

1. If don’t have SAN/SVC, need

initial SAN/SVC investment in

hardware, software, skills

2. Many medium/entry SAN/SVC

don’t offer SSD

MIXED: If using a SAN/SVC which doesn’t have SSD, OR if not using the higher

function capability of a SAN/SVC (for example you do backup/restore functions just like

it was an internal drive); THEN combining internal Power Systems SSD with SAN/SVC

storage can be a good thing.

SSD Technology “Myth”

“Beware SSD as they wear out as they have a limited number of

writes”

Key facts to correct myth …. this is not a concern for IBM Power

Systems SSD

IBM Power Systems SSD are industrial/enterprise drives designed to

handle this. Design points are many years of 24x7x365 heavy write

workloads. These are not “PC-grade” or “consumer-grade” flash drives.

Even if you do somehow “use up all the writes”, the SSD reports status prior

to it being a real problem to the server and server sends a message to the

operator or to IBM for a future scheduled repair action. This is just like a

disk drive reporting a weakening status. Replacement SSD is covered

under IBM Maintenance.

Just like disk drives, you want to protect contents using system mirroring or

eMLC – Enterprise Multi-Level Cell - Technology

enterprise

class performance and reliability

PLUS more cost effective MLC

Flash technology

Compared to the 2009 69GB SSD offering from Power Systems

Better cost on a per GB basis,

More dense physical packaging on a per GB basis

About 50% less energy consumption and heat per drive

Comparable performance

eMLC

Implementing “Hot” and “Cold” Data

IBM i

#1

Best integrated, automated

capability available in the industry

today

“Trace and Balance” function part of

IBM i – automated in i 7.1

Monitors by partition or ASP (Aux

Storage Pool) to determine hot/cold

Upon request, automatically moves hot

data to SSD, cold to HDD

Can re-monitor & rebalance any time

A few key OS files can automatically

be placed on SSD

Can specify specific data base

objects to be placed on SSD

See white paper for additional insights

Additional enhancements being

developed

AIX

Ability to granularly/flexibly select and

locate hot files on SSD

Key AIX performance tools are filemon

& iostat.

Database vendors provide hot data

analysis tools, example: DB2 Snapshot.

Migrating hot data

Migratepv is often useful

Softek Migration Tool provides a nice

suite of functions and can be combined

with IBM Services

See Total Storage Productivity Center

SSD white paper for additional

insights

IBM i Load Balancer

Industry leading automated capability

Monitors partition/ASP using “trace”

User turns trace on during a peak time

User turns trace off after reasonable

sample time

Negligible performance impact expected

Tool monitors “reads” to identify hot data

Looks at 1MB stripes of data

Upon command, automatically moves hot

data to SSD, cold data to HDD

Minimal performance impact, done in

background

Can remonitor and rebalance any time

Probably a weekly or monthly activity

Perhaps less often if data not volatile

IBM i intelligent hot/cold placement

makes a big difference vs normal IBM

striping / scattering of data across all

drives.

This example 72 HDD + 16 SSD

Trans/min A p p li c a ti o n R e s p o n s e t im e 72 HDD + 16 SSD No Balance 72 HDD + 16 SSD Data Balanced

Predicting/analyzing what % of data is hot for presale analysis to

help size the number of SSD required:

•

Use PEX tool/output

IBM i SSD Balancing One of 5 ASP Balancing Types

Balance data between busy units and idle units (STRASPBAL

TYPE(*USAGE)

)

Make all of the units in the ASP have the same percent full

(STRASPBAL TYPE(*CAPACITY))

Drain the data from a disk, to prepare unit it to be removed from

the configuration (STRASPBAL TYPE(*MOVDTA))

(Almost obsolete) move hot data off of a compressed disk, and

move cold data to the compressed disk (STRASPBAL

TYPE(*HSM))

Requires specific disk controllers with compression

capability – feats #2741/2748/2778. Compression only allowed in user ASPs

Move cold data to HDDs and move

hot data to SSDs

Using TRCASPBAL to place hot data on SSDs – IBM i

Trace ASP balance counts the read operations based

on 1MB stripes

TRCASPBAL SET(*ON) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)

Start ASP balance moves the data

STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)

Target is 50% of read operations to be on SSD

Cold data is moved (multiple threads) to HDDs, hot data is

moved (single thread) to SSD

HDD3

HDD4

SSD

HDD2

HDD1

100 500 100 2000 6000 10000 1200 6000 3000 100 300 800 500 900 900 0 4000 300 400 300 200 600 700 1000 100 100 300 900 100 100 300 900 100 10000 6000 4000 10000 6000 4000

How to Find Hot Tables and Indexes - IBM i

Performance Explorer

BY FAR the best solution

Perform analysis based on read complete and write

complete events

DB2 maintains statistics about the number of

operations on a table or index

Statistics are zeroed on each IPL

Statistics only identify candidates (logical operations include

both random and sequential operations)

Available via:

Display file description (DSPFD)

Application programming interface (API) QUSRMBRD

System i Navigator Health Center (V6R1 only)

Power Systems SSD Configuration Options

SAS-bay-based

Option introduced 2009 & 1H 2011

PCIe-based

Introduction 2H 2010

PCI SAS

controller

SAS Bays

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

PCIe SAS

controller

_S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

69 GB SSD & 177 GB SSD

177 GB SSD

Can include imbedded SAS controller

S

S

Configuring SAS-Bay-Based SSD

SSD leverages SAS HDD infrastructure

Located in a SAS drive bay – same as SAS HDD would

use

Run by SAS adapter/controller – same as HDD would use

Contents can be protected by RAID or mirroring same as

HDD

RAID-5, RAID-6, RAID-10, mirroring, hot spare

Drives can use hot swap capability of SAS bay

PCIe-Based SSD

PCIe SAS Adapter / Double-wide card

4 SSD bays on card / 1, 2 or 4* SSD modules per adapter

177 GB per SSD module / Up to 708 GB per card

Supported OS: AIX 5.3 or later, IBM i 7.1, REHL 5.5 or later,

SLES 10 or later

Supported servers: 710/720/730/740/750/770/780 (not 795)

177GB

SSD

SAS

Cntrl

177GB

SSD

177GB

SSD

177GB

SSD

Power Systems SSD Statements of Direction

Provided August 2010

IBM plans to enhance its Power Systems Enterprise Class

SSD solutions with technology designed to continue to

provide significant improvements in performance and

storage density over time. IBM plans for these IBM Power

Systems enhancements to include both SAS-bay-based

and PCIe-based SSD product offerings that will leverage

IBM's investments in its SSD optimized Enterprise Class

RAID Storage Controllers.

Roadmap: SSD Configuration 2011 Options

SAS-bay-based

PCIe-based

PCI SAS

controller

SAS Bays

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

PCIe SAS

controller

_S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

Double-wide PCIe card

(need pair for hot plug)

Up to 4 SSD modules

Larger capacity SSD

Continue Hot plug SSD

More SSD modules / controller

New PCIe card

(pair for redundancy)

Large cache, high performance

S

S

D

S

S

D

S

S

D

See SODs made August 2010. All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal

without notice, and represents goals & objectives only.

SSD Analyzer Tool for IBM i

SSD ANALYSIS TOOL (ANZSSDDTA)

Type choices, press Enter.

PERFORMANCE MEMBER . . . *DEFAULT__ Name, *DEFAULT

LIBRARY . . . __________ Name

Additional Parameters

REPORT TYPE . . . *SUMMARY *DETAIL, *SUMMARY, *BOTH

TIME PERIOD::

START TIME AND DATE::

BEGINNING TIME . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL

BEGINNING DATE . . . *BEGIN__ Date, *BEGIN

END TIME AND DATE::

ENDING TIME . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL

ENDING DATE . . . *END____ Date, *END

NUMBER OF RECORDS IN REPORT . . 50__ 0 - 9999

Bottom

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display

F24=More keys

• Quick, easy, no-charge analysis looks at standard performance report output

• Provides “probably yes”, “probably no”, or “maybe

Solid State Drives

Where do these new drives fit in

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