Current Projects: PARD HVA HEV Architectures

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A TTR HEV has two separate powertrains, only connected by the vehicle’s kinetic energy (Through-The-Road).

Micro/Mild Hybrid Powertrain

Full Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

A Full Parallel HEV is capable of driving on electric power, engine power or a combination of the two.

A Micro HEV uses a combined starter / alternator system, to enable the engine to be turned off when the vehicle stops (e.g. at traffic lights), and to restart the engine. The electric machine can also act as a generator allowing some of the energy normally lost as heat during braking to be recovered and used to power auxiliary loads. This is known as regenerative braking.

If the electric machine is used to assist the engine during periods of acceleration this is a Mild HEV

Tx Engine Battery Power Electronics Motor Tx Engine

Battery _ElectronicsPower Motor Tx Engine Battery Power Electronics Motor TTR Hybrid Powertrain

Current Projects:

PARD HVA

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A Combined HEV is capable of operating as a series HEV or a parallel HEV.

Tx

Generator Engine

Battery _ElectronicsPower

Motor

Combined Hybrid Powertrain

Input Powersplit Hybrid Powertrain

PS Tx Battery Power Electronics Motor Engine Generator An Input Powersplit HEV uses a planetary gearset

to split the engine’s power between an electrical path and a direct mechanical linkage to the wheels. A more complex derivative of this is the Compound Coupled Powersplit HEV, which uses two planetary gearsets, improving efficiency and packaging of smaller electric machines.

A Series HEV uses the electric drive to drive the vehicle, and the engine to either charge the batteries or to directly power the electric machine(s). It is capable of regenerative braking.

Tx Generator Engine Battery Power Electronics Motor

Series Hybrid Powertrain HEV

Current Projects:

PARD HVA

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Timeline of Commercially released HEVs 0 5 10 15 20 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05

Year of model introduction

C um ul at iv e n um ber of ne w m odel s Testing Commercial

Current Projects:

PARD HVA

–

Hybrid vehicle database

Manufacturer Daimler Chrysler Toyota Toyota

Car Company Mitsubishi Subaru Lexus

Name of Model ESR Elten RX 400h

Date Introduced 1994 1997 2005

Architecture Series Combined Input Powersplit

Vehicle Segment D B SUV

Status Concept Prototype Commercial

Many Comparisons possible

Full Parallel Architecture

0 2 4 6 8 0-15 16-25 26-40 41-70 71+

Peak m otor pow er (kW)

N u mbe r of mod e ls Powersplit Architecture 0 2 4 6 8 0-15 16-25 26-40 41-70 71+

Peak m otor pow er (kW)

N um be r of m ode ls

Data recorded includes:

• Vehicle Manufacturer • Component suppliers • Vehicle segment • Current status • Vehicle weight • Powertrain architecture • Component power ratings • Electric drive voltages

• Geographical location of development • Year of vehicle introduction

Hybrid Projects Database

Timelines of HEV development easily demonstrated

Data sourced from suppliers, Internet, and literature survey Over 350 different vehicles including over 200 passenger cars (as of 31/01/06)

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The screenshot below shows a Mild Parallel HEV configuration in the hybrid vehicle model.

Release 1 of software is now available to suppliers.

Current Projects:

PARD HVA

–

Hybrid Vehicle Model

Fuel Consumption

(g/s)

Drive Cycles

(e.g. NEDC)

Gear Shifts

(e.g. 5-spd)

Battery SoC

(State-of-charge)

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Current Projects:

Some PARD HVA & HVI suppliers

SCU (Supervisory Control Unit):

Transmission: Power Demand: Engine: Clutch: Battery: Motor:

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Completed Projects: HERO

(Hybrid

-

Electric Realised Off

-

road)

The HERO project designed, built, developed and evaluated a parallel hybrid drivetrain and its control strategies for an off-road vehicle.

DTI Link ForesightVehicle funded project

WMG’s Contribution

VMU (Vehicle Management Unit) design for operation both on and off-road

software design and rapid prototyping tool for the controller code generation for the VMU implementation on an embedded platform

Partners

Land Rover provided the vehicle platform – a Wolf (the military-specification Land Rover Defender) Rover Group provided powertrain design and systems build

MST supplied the electrical machines and drives DERA evaluated and tested the finished vehicle WMG

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Completed Projects: RHOLAB

(Reliable Highly Optimised PB

-

acid battery)

The RHOLAB project developed a lead acid traction battery suitable for use in full hybrid electric passenger car vehicles. A new traction battery was designed, built and fitted into a Honda Insight, with the performance compared to that of a standard baseline battery.

WMG’s Contribution

A new battery management system (BMS).

Partners

University of Sheffield Hawker Energy

Provector

European Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium WMG

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Completed Projects:

Hylander

(Hybrid Electric 4

-wheel

-

wheel

-

drive)

Based on a 2.0l petrol Land Rover Discovery Electric 4-wheel drive

Four individual electric motors and controller developed by Marconi Two operating modes: electric and hybrid

Two prototype vehicles built Regenerative braking enabled

Controlled by a Vehicle Management Unit (VMU) developed in-house (based on a Siemens C167CR microcontroller)

Partners

Land Rover WMG

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Completed Projects: TETLEI

(Turbine Electric Taxi for Low Environmental Impact)

Funded by the European Commission, as a study of the feasibility of a low-emissions taxi Two main operating modes: Zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) and Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Series Hybrid architecture based on a Range Rover as proof of concept for a taxi

Main Components: gas turbine genset, traction battery, electric motors Two 45kW electric motors (one on each axle)

Regenerative braking enabled Tested at NTUA in Greece

Partners

Rover WMG Turboenergie OPRA Renault

Imperial College, London NTUA

Tx

Generator Engine

Battery _ElectronicsPower

Motor