TS500
TS500
FEBRUARY 2000
FEBRUARY 2000
REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
AND CONSTRUCTION
OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
STRUCTURES
ANKARA TURKEY
ANKARA TURKEY
2003
2003
Translated and printed with
Translated and printed with permission from Turkish Standards Institutes.permission from Turkish Standards Institutes. Copyright © 2002 Turkish
Translated and printed with
Translated and printed with permission from Turkish Standards Institutes.permission from Turkish Standards Institutes. Copyright © 2002 Turkish
ii
CONTENTS CONTENTS 0 - SUBJE
0 - SUBJECT, DEFINITIONS, SCOPE...CT, DEFINITIONS, SCOPE... 11 0.1 0.1 - - SUBJECTSUBJECT ... 11 0.2 0.2 - - DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS... 11 0.3 0.3 - - SCOPESCOPE ... 33 1 - NOTATION A
1 - NOTATION AND UNITS ND UNITS AND EMPLOYED...AND EMPLOYED... 55 1.0
1.0 - - NOTATIONNOTATION ... 55 1.1
1.1 - - UNITSUNITS ... 88 2 -
2 - DOCUMENTS RELADOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE TED TO THE STRUCTURESTRUCTURE ... 99 2.1
2.1 - - GENERALGENERAL ... 99 2.2 - S
2.2 - STRUCTURAL ANALYSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND IS AND DESIGN CALCULADESIGN CALCULATIONSTIONS ... 99 2.3 -
2.3 - DRAWINGSDRAWINGS... 99 2.4
2.4 - - INSPECTION INSPECTION OF COF CONSTRUCTIONONSTRUCTION ... 99 2.5 -
2.5 - CHANGES IN CHANGES IN THE PROJECTTHE PROJECT ... 1010 3
3 - - MATERIALSMATERIALS ... 1212 3.0 -
3.0 - NOTATION USENOTATION USEDD ... 1212 3.1 -
3.1 - CONCRETE MATERCONCRETE MATERIALSIALS ... 1212 3.1.2 3.1.2 - - CementCement ... 1212 3.1.3 - 3.1.3 - Aggregates...Aggregates... 1212 3.1.4 3.1.4 - - WaterWater ... 1212 3.1.5 -
3.1.5 - Chemical AChemical Admixturesdmixtures ... 1212 3.2 -
3.2 - Steel Steel ReinforcementReinforcement ... 1212 3.3
3.3 - - ConcreteConcrete ... 1313 3.3.1 - Co
3.3.1 - Concrete Grades and ncrete Grades and Concrete Compressive SConcrete Compressive Strengthtrength ... 1313 3.3.2 -
3.3.2 - Concrete Tensile Concrete Tensile StrengthStrength ... 1313 3.3.3 - Modulus of
3.3.3 - Modulus of Elasticity, Shear Modulus, Elasticity, Shear Modulus, Poisson Ratio and Poisson Ratio and Thermal Expansion CoefficientThermal Expansion Coefficient... 1414 3.3.3.1 -
3.3.3.1 - Modulus of ElaModulus of Elasticity...sticity... 1414 3.3.3.2
3.3.3.2 - - Poisson Poisson RatioRatio ... 1414 3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3 - - Shear Shear ModulusModulus ... 1414 3.3.3.4
3.3.3.4 - - Thermal EThermal Expansion xpansion CoefficientCoefficient ... 1414 3.3.4 - Time
3.3.4 - Time Dependent Deformation of Dependent Deformation of ConcreteConcrete... 1414 3.4 - QUALITY CONTROL and A
3.4 - QUALITY CONTROL and Acceptance of Concrete Quality...cceptance of Concrete Quality... 1414 4 - PREPA
4 - PREPARING CONCRETE ARING CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENTND REINFORCEMENT... 1717 4.1
4.1 - - GENERALGENERAL ... 1717 4.2 -
4.2 - MIXING, CONVEYING, MIXING, CONVEYING, DEPOSITING ADEPOSITING AND CURING ND CURING CONCRETECONCRETE ... 1717 4.3
4.3 - - PLACING PLACING REINFORCEMENTREINFORCEMENT ... 1717 5 -
5 - FORMWORKS FORMWORKS AND SCAFFOLDINGAND SCAFFOLDING ... 1919 5.1
5.1 - - GENERALGENERAL ... 1919 5.2 -
5.2 - FORMWORK AND FORMWORK AND SCAFFOLDING LOADSSCAFFOLDING LOADS ... 1919 5.3 -
5.3 - DRAWINGSDRAWINGS... 1919 5.4 - FORMWORK
5.4 - FORMWORK AND SCAFFOLD AND SCAFFOLD SUPPORTSSUPPORTS... 1919 5.5 - REMOVAL
5.5 - REMOVAL OF FORMWORKS...OF FORMWORKS... 2020 6 - BAS
6 - BASIC PRINCIPLES IC PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGNCONCRETE DESIGN ... 2121 6.0
6.0 - - NOTATIONNOTATION ... 2121 6.1
6.1 - - GENERALGENERAL ... 2121 6.2
6.2 - - STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL SAFETYSAFETY ... 2121 6.2.1
6.2.1 - - GeneralGeneral ... 2121 6.2.2 -
6.2.2 - Limit SLimit States Methodtates Method ... 2222 6.2.3 - Ultimate Li
6.2.3 - Ultimate Limit State...mit State... 2222 6.2.4 - Serviceability
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6.2.5
6.2.5 - - Material Material FactorsFactors ... 2222 6.2.6 - Load
6.2.6 - Load Factors and Load CombinationsFactors and Load Combinations... 2222 6.3 - STRUCTURAL
6.3 - STRUCTURAL ANALYSISANALYSIS... 2323 6.3.1 - Methods of
6.3.1 - Methods of AnalysisAnalysis... 2323 6.3.2
6.3.2 - - LoadsLoads ...2323 6.3.3 - Arrangement of
6.3.3 - Arrangement of Live Loads...Live Loads... 2323 6.3.4 -
6.3.4 - Expansion, Shrinkage Expansion, Shrinkage and Creep Effectsand Creep Effects... 2323 6.3.5 - Design Span Lengths...
6.3.5 - Design Span Lengths... 2323 6.3.6 -
6.3.6 - Effective Flange Effective Flange WidthWidth ... 2323 6.3.7 - Stiffnesses...
6.3.7 - Stiffnesses...2424 6.3.8
6.3.8 - - RedistributionRedistribution ...2424 6.3.9 -
6.3.9 - Support Moment Correction...Support Moment Correction...2424 6.3.10 -
6.3.10 - Minimum Eccentricity Minimum Eccentricity RequirementRequirement ... 2424 7 - SECTION DESIGN (ULTIMATE STRENGTH) – BENDING AND COMBINE
7 - SECTION DESIGN (ULTIMATE STRENGTH) – BENDING AND COMBINED BENDING...D BENDING... 2525 7.0 7.0 - - NOTATIONNOTATION ...2525 7.1 - ASSUMPTIONS... 7.1 - ASSUMPTIONS...2626 7.2 - BASIC PRINCIPLES... 7.2 - BASIC PRINCIPLES...2626 7.3 - REQUIREMENTS FOR
7.3 - REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS (BEAFLEXURAL MEMBERS (BEAMS)MS) ...2626 7.4 - REQUIREMENTS FOR
7.4 - REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERS SUBJECTED MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO AXIAL FORCE ATO AXIAL FORCE AND BENDINGND BENDING ... 2828 7.4.1 - Axial
7.4.1 - Axial Compression and Bending...Compression and Bending... 2828 7.4.2 -
7.4.2 - Axial Tension Axial Tension and Bendingand Bending ... 2828 7.5 - MEMBERS
7.5 - MEMBERS UNDER AXIAL UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION AND COMPRESSION AND BIAXIAL BENDINBIAXIAL BENDINGG ... 2828 7.6 - SLEND
7.6 - SLENDERNESS EFFECTERNESS EFFECT... 2929 7.6.1
7.6.1 - - General General MethodMethod ... 2929 7.6.2 -
7.6.2 - Approximate Method (Moment Approximate Method (Moment Magnification Method)Magnification Method) ...2929 7.6.2.1 -
7.6.2.1 - The Sway The Sway CriterionCriterion ... 2929 7.6.2.2 - Effective Column Length...
7.6.2.2 - Effective Column Length... 2929 7.6.2.3 - Cases whe
7.6.2.3 - Cases where Slenderness Effect Can re Slenderness Effect Can Be IgnoredBe Ignored ...3030 7.6.2.4
7.6.2.4 - Bu- Buckling ckling LoadLoad ... 3030 7.6.2.5
7.6.2.5 - Moment - Moment Magnification CMagnification Coefficientoefficient ... 3131 7.6.2.6 -
7.6.2.6 - Biaxial Biaxial BendingBending ... 3131 8 - SHEAR AND TORSION...
8 - SHEAR AND TORSION... 3232 8.0
8.0 - - NOTATIONNOTATION ...3232 8.1 - DES
8.1 - DESIGN FOR SHEARIGN FOR SHEAR...3333 8.1.2
8.1.2 - - GeneralGeneral ...3333 8.1.3 - Location of Critical Section for Shear... 8.1.3 - Location of Critical Section for Shear...3333 8.1.4 -
8.1.4 - Diagonal Cracking StDiagonal Cracking Strengthrength ... 3333 8.1.5 -
8.1.5 - Shear StrengthShear Strength ...3434 8.1.6 - Prevention of Brittle Failure...
8.1.6 - Prevention of Brittle Failure... 3434 8.1.7 -
8.1.7 - Shear Reinforcement DeShear Reinforcement Detailstails ... 3434 8.1.8 - Shear-Friction...
8.1.8 - Shear-Friction...3434 8.2 -
8.2 - SHEAR SHEAR AND AND TORSIONTORSION ... 3535 8.2.1
8.2.1 - - GeneralGeneral ...3535 8.2.2 -
8.2.2 - Diagonal Cracking LimitDiagonal Cracking Limit ... 3535 8.2.3 -
8.2.3 - Design ForcesDesign Forces ...3636 8.2.4 - Strength...
8.2.4 - Strength...3636 8.2.5 - Prevention of Brittle Failure...
8.2.5 - Prevention of Brittle Failure... 3737 8.2.6 - Reinforcement Details...
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8.3 - PUNCHING SHEAR ... 37
8.3.1 - Punching Shear Strength... 37
8.3.2 - Punching Shear Reinforcement... 39
8.4 - BRACKETS AND SHORT CANTILEVERS... 41
8.5 - SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR DEEP BEAMS... 41
9 - RULES / SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANCHORAGE AND PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT ... 43
9.0 - NOTATION ... 43
9.1 - DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCEMENT... 43
9.1.2 - General ... 43
9.1.3 - Development of Reinforcing Bars in Tension ... 43
9.1.4 - Development of Reinforcing Bars in Compression... 45
9.1.5 - Development of Stirrups ... 45
9.2 - SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT ... 46
9.2.1 - General ... 46
9.2.2 - Lap Splices ... 46
9.2.3 - Mechanical Connections (Sleeves) ... 46
9.2.4 - Welded Splices ... 46
9.2.5 - Splices of Reinforcing Bars in Tension ... 46
9.2.6 - Splices of Reinforcing Bars in Compression ... 47
9.2.7 - Lap Spliced Longitudinal Column Bars... 47
9.3 - STANDARD HOOK DETAILS ... 47
9.3.1 - Hooks in Longitudinal Reinforcement ... 48
9.3.2 - Stirrup Hooks ... 48
9.3.3 - Stirrup Hooks made up of Mesh Reinforcement... 48
9.4 - REGULATIONS FOR BENDING REINFORCING BARS ... 48
9.5 - REGULATIONS FOR PLACEMENT OF REINFORCING BARS... 48
9.5.1 - Clear Concrete Cover ... 48
9.5.2 - Spacing of Reinforcing Bars ... 48
9.5.3 - Bundled Bars ... 49
9.5.4 - Placement of Reinforcing Bars ... 49
10 - REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTINGS... 51
10.0 - NOTATION ... 51
10.1 - GENERAL ... 51
10.2 - FOOTINGS SUPPORTING WALLS... 51
10.2.1 - General Principles ... 51
10.2.2 - Design Principles ... 51
10.2.3 - Regulations relating to Reinforcement ... 51
10.3 - INDIVIDUAL COLUMN FOOTINGS (TWO-WAY FOOTINGS)... 51
10.3.1 - General Principles ... 51
10.3.2 - Design Principles ... 51
10.3.3 - Regulations Relating to Reinforcement ... 52
10.4 - CONTINUOUS FOOTINGS ... 52
10.4.1 - General Principles ... 52
10.4.2 - Design Principles ... 52
10.4.3 - Regulations Relating to Reinforcement ... 53
11 - REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB SYSTEMS ... 55
11.0 - NOTATION ... 55
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11.2 - ONE WAY SOLID SLABS ... 55
11.2.1 - General Principles... 55
11.2.2 - Design Principles ... 55
11.2.3 - Regulations Related to Reinforcement ... 56
11.3 - ONE WAY JOIST SLABS... 57
11.3.1 - General Principles... 57
11.3.2 - Design Principles ... 57
11.3.3 - Regulations Relating to Reinforcement ... 58
11.4 - TWO WAY SOLID SLABS... 58
11.4.1 - General Principles... 58
11.4.2 - Design Principles ... 58
11.4.3 - Approximate Method for Two-Way Slabs with Beams...59
11.4.4 - Approximate Methods for Two Way Slabs without Beams (Flat Slabs) ... 59
11.4.4.1 - Equivalent Frame Method... 60
11.4.4.2 - Moment Coefficient Method... 60
11.4.5 - Regulations Related to Reinforcement ... 65
11.5 - WAFFLE SLABS... 65
12 - REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS...67
12.0 - NOTATION ...67
12.1 - GENERAL...67
12.2 - REGULATIONS RELATED TO SECTION DIMENSIONS ...67
12.3 - REGULATIONS RELATED TO REINFORCEMENT... 67
13 - SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS ... 69
13.0 - NOTATION ...69
13.1 - GENERAL...69
13.2 - DEFLECTION CONTROL ... 69
13.2.1 - General Regulations ... 69
13.2.2 - Approximate Calculation for Instantaneous Deflection...70
13.2.3 - Time Dependent Deflection Calculation ... 70
13.3 - Deflection Limits ...70
13.4 - CRACK CONTROL... 71
13.4.1 - General Regulations ... 71
13.4.2 - Crack Width Calculation... 71
14 - EVALUATION OF BUILDING STRENGTH ... 73
14.0 - NOTATION ...73
14.1 - GENERAL REGULATIONS... 73
14.2 - ANALYTICAL EVALUATION... 73
14.2.1 - Determination of Member Dimensions and Material Properties ...73
14.3 - LOAD TEST ...74
14.3.1 - General Regulations ... 74
14.3.2 - Application Principles... 74
14.3.3 - Acceptance Criteria... 74
