G.LABOR
G.LABORRELATIONSRELATIONSLAWLAW
1.RIGHT
1.RIGHTTOTOSELFSELFORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
a.Who
a.Whomaymayunionizeunionizeforforpurposespurposesof of collectivecollective
bargaining
bargaining
Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis thethe extentextent of of thethe rightright toto self self
‐‐
organization?organization? A:
A: ItIt includesincludes thethe right:right: 1.
1. ToTo form,form, join join andand assistassist laborlabor organizations
organizations forfor thethe purposepurpose of of collective
collective bargainingbargaining (CB)(CB) throughthrough representatives
representatives of of theirtheir ownown choosing;
choosing; andand 2.
2. ToTo engageengage inin lawfullawful andand concertedconcerted activities
activities forfor thethe purposepurpose of of CBCB oror forfor their
their mutualmutual aidaid andand protection.protection. (Art.(Art. 246)
246) Q:
Q: WhoWho areare thethe persons/Ee’spersons/Ee’s eligibleeligible toto join join aa labor
labor organizationorganization (LO)(LO) forfor purposespurposes of of CB?CB? A:
A: TheThe entitiesentities coveredcovered areare allall personspersons employedemployed in:in: 1.
1. CommercialCommercial industrial,industrial, andand agriculturalagricultural enterprises;
enterprises; andand 2.
2. InIn religious,religious, charitable,charitable, medicalmedical oror educational
educational institutionsinstitutions whetherwhether operating
operating forfor profitprofit oror not.not. (Art.(Art. 243)243) Q:
Q: WhoWho areare thethe persons/Ee’spersons/Ee’s eligibleeligible toto join join aa labor
labor organizationorganization forfor mutualmutual aidaid andand protection?protection? A:
A: TheThe followingfollowing enjoyenjoy thethe rightright toto self self ‐‐organizationorganization for
for mutualmutual aidaid andand protection:protection: 1.
1. AmbulantAmbulant workersworkers 2.
2. Intermittent workersIntermittentworkers 3.
3. Itinerant workersItinerantworkers 4.
4. Self Self ‐‐employedemployed peoplepeople 5.
5. RuralRural workersworkers 6.
6. Those withoutThose without andand definitedefinite Er’s.Er’s. (Art.(Art. 243)
243) Q:
Q: WhoWho areare thethe persons/Ee’spersons/Ee’s notnot grantedgranted thethe rightright to
to self self
‐‐
organization:organization: A:A: 1.
1. HighHigh levellevel oror ManagerialManagerial GovernmentGovernment Ee’s.
Ee’s. (Sec.(Sec. 3,3, E.O.E.O. 180)180) 2.
2. Ee’sEe’s of of InternationalInternational organizationsorganizations withwith immunities.
immunities. (ICMC (ICMC v.v. Calleja,Calleja, G.R.G.R. No.No. 85750,
85750, Sep.Sep. 28,28, 1990)1990) 3.
3. Managerial Employees.ManagerialEmployees. (Art.(Art. 212212 of of LC)LC)
4.
4. MembersMembers of of thethe AFPAFP includingincluding thethe policepolice officers,
officers, policemen,policemen, firemen,firemen, andand jail jail guards.
guards. (Sec.(Sec. 4,4, E.O.E.O. 180)180) 5.
5. ConfidentialConfidential Employees.Employees. (Metrolab(Metrolab Industries
Industries Inc.Inc. v.v. Confesor,Confesor, G.R.G.R. No.No. 108855,
108855, Feb.Feb. 28,28, 1996)1996) 6.
6. EmployeesEmployees of of cooperativescooperatives whowho areare itsits members.
members. (Benguet (Benguet Elec.Elec. Coop.Coop. v.v. Ferrer Ferrer
‐‐
Calleja,Calleja, G.R.G.R. No.No. 79025,79025, Dec.Dec. 29,29, 1989)1989);; However
However theythey maymay formform worker’sworker’s association.
association. (NEECO(NEECO Ee’sEe’s Assoc. Assoc. v.v. NLRC,NLRC, G.R.
G.R. No.No. 16066,16066, Jan. Jan. 24,24, 2000)2000) 7.
7. NonNon‐‐Ee’sEe’s.. (Rosario(Rosario Bros.Bros. v.v. Ople,Ople, G.R.G.R. No.No. LL
‐‐
5390,5390, July July 31,31, 1984)1984)8.
8. Gov’tGov’t Ee’s,Ee’s, includingincluding GOCC’sGOCC’s withwith originaloriginal charters.
charters. (Arizala(Arizala v.v. CA,CA, G.R.G.R. Nos.Nos. 4363343633
‐‐
34,34, Sep.Sep. 14,14, 1990)1990) 9.
9. AliensAliens withoutwithout aa validvalid workingworking permitpermit oror aliens
aliens withwith workingworking permitspermits butbut areare nationals
nationals of of aa countrycountry whichwhich dodo notnot allowallow Filipinos
Filipinos toto exerciseexercise theirtheir rightright of of self self ‐‐ organization
organization andand toto join join oror assistassist laborlabor organizations.
organizations. (Art.(Art. 269269 of of LC;LC; D.O.D.O. No.No. 99 [1997],
[1997], RuleRule II,II, Sec.Sec. 2)2) b.Bargaining
b.BargainingUnitUnit
Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis aa bargainingbargaining unit?unit? A:
A: ItIt isis aa groupgroup of of Ee’sEe’s of of aa givengiven Er,Er, comprisedcomprised of of allall or
or lessless thanthan allall of of thethe entireentire bodybody of of thethe Ee’sEe’s whichwhich the
the collectivecollective interestinterest of of allall thethe Ee’sEe’s consistentconsistent withwith equity
equity toto thethe employer,employer, indicateindicate toto bebe bestbest suitedsuited toto serve
serve thethe reciprocalreciprocal rightsrights andand dutiesduties of of thethe partiesparties under
under thethe collectivecollective bargainingbargaining provisionsprovisions of of thethe law.
law. Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis anan appropriateappropriate bargainingbargaining unit?unit? A:
A: 1.1. AA groupgroup of of employeesemployees (Ees)(Ees) 2.
2. Of Of aa givengiven employeremployer 3.
3. ComprisedComprised of of allall oror lessless thanthan allall of of thethe entire
entire bodybody of of EesEes 4.
4. WhichWhich thethe collectivecollective interestinterest of of allall thethe EesEes consistent
consistent withwith equityequity toto thethe ErEr 5.
5. IndicateIndicate toto bebe bestbest suitedsuited toto serveserve thethe reciprocal
reciprocal rightsrights andand dutiesduties of of thethe partiesparties under
under thethe collectivecollective bargainingbargaining provisionsprovisions of
of thethe law.law. (1)Test
(1)Testtotodeterminedeterminethetheconstituencyconstituencyof of anan
appropriate
appropriatebargainingbargainingunitunit
Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe factorsfactors consideredconsidered inin determiningdetermining the
the appropriatenessappropriateness of of aa bargainingbargaining unit?unit? A:
A: 1.
2.
2. AffinityAffinity andand unityunity of of thethe EesEes interest,interest, suchsuch as
as substantialsubstantial similaritysimilarity of of workwork andand duties,
duties, oror similaritysimilarity of of compensationcompensation andand working
working conditions.conditions. (Substantial(Substantial MutualMutual Interest
Interest Rule)Rule) 3.
3. PriorPrior collectivecollective bargainingbargaining historyhistory 4.
4. SimilaritySimilarity of of employmentemployment status.status. (SMC (SMC v.v. Laguesma,
Laguesma, G.R.G.R. No.No. 100485,100485, Sep.Sep. 21,21, 1994)
1994) Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe factorsfactors consideredconsidered inin determiningdetermining the
the substantialsubstantial mutualmutual interestinterest doctrine?doctrine? A:
A: 1.1. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe scalescale andand mannermanner of of determining
determining earningsearnings 2.
2. SimilaritySimilarity inin employmentemployment benefits,benefits, hourshours of
of work,work, andand otherother termsterms andand conditionsconditions of
of employmentemployment 3.
3. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe kindskinds of of workwork performedperformed 4.
4. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe qualifications,qualifications, skillsskills andand training
training of of EesEes 5.
5. FrequencyFrequency of of contractcontract oror interchangeinterchange among
among thethe EesEes 6.
6. GeographicalGeographical proximityproximity 7.
7. ContinuityContinuity andand integrationintegration of of productionproduction processes
processes 8.
8. CommonCommon supervisionsupervision andand determinationdetermination of
of laborlabor
‐‐
relationsrelations policypolicy 9.9. HistoryHistory of of CBCB 10.
10. DesiresDesires of of thethe affectedaffected EesEes oror 11.
11. ExtentExtent of of unionunion organizationorganization Q:
Q: AA registeredregistered laborlabor unionunion inin UP,UP, ONAPUP,ONAPUP, filedfiled aa petition
petition forfor certificationcertification electionelection (PCE)(PCE) amongamong thethe non
non
‐‐
academicacademic Ees.Ees. TheThe universityuniversity diddid notnot oppose,oppose, however,however, anotheranother laborlabor union,union, thethe AllAll UPUP WorkersWorkers Union
Union assentsassents thatthat itit representsrepresents bothboth academicacademic and
and nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic personnelpersonnel andand seeksseeks toto uniteunite allall workersworkers inin 11 union.union. DoDo EesEes performingperforming academicacademic functions
functions needneed toto comprisecomprise aa bargainingbargaining unitunit distinct
distinct fromfrom thatthat of of thethe nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic Ees?Ees? A:A: Yes.Yes. TheThe mutualitymutuality of of interestinterest testtest shouldshould bebe taken
taken intointo consideration.consideration. ThereThere areare twotwo classesclasses of of rank
rank andand filefile EesEes inin thethe universityuniversity thatthat is,is, thosethose whowho perform
perform academicacademic functionsfunctions suchsuch asas thethe professorsprofessors and
and instructors,instructors, andand thosethose whosewhose functionfunction areare nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic whowho areare thethe janitors, janitors, messengers,messengers, clerksclerks etc.
etc. Thus,Thus, notnot muchmuch reflectionreflection isis neededneeded toto perceiveperceive that
that thethe mutualitymutuality of of interestinterest whichwhich justifies justifies thethe formation
formation of of aa singlesingle bargainingbargaining unitunit isis lackinglacking between
between thethe twotwo classesclasses of of Ees.Ees. (U.P.(U.P. v.v. Ferrer Ferrer
‐‐
Calleja,Calleja, G.R.G.R. No.96189,No.96189, July July 14,14, 1992)1992) Q:
Q: IsIs thethe bargainingbargaining historyhistory aa decisivedecisive factorfactor inin thethe determination
determination of of appropriatenessappropriateness of of bargainingbargaining unit?
unit?
A:
A: No.No. WhileWhile thethe existenceexistence of of aa bargainingbargaining historyhistory isis a
a factorfactor thatthat maymay bebe reckonedreckoned withwith inin determiningdetermining the
the appropriateappropriate bargainingbargaining unit,unit, thethe samesame isis notnot decisive
decisive oror conclusive.conclusive. OtherOther factorsfactors mustmust bebe considered.
considered. TheThe testtest of of groupinggrouping isis communitycommunity oror mutuality
mutuality of of interests.interests. ThisThis isis soso becausebecause thethe basicbasic test
test of of anan assertedasserted bargainingbargaining unit’sunit’s acceptabilityacceptability isis whether
whether oror notnot itit isis fundamentallyfundamentally thethe combinationcombination which
which willwill bestbest assureassure toto allall EesEes thethe exerciseexercise of of theirtheir CB
CB rights.rights. (Democratic(Democratic Labor Labor Ass’n Ass’n v.v. CebuCebu Stevedoring
Stevedoring Company,Company, Inc.,Inc., G.RG.R.. NoNo.. LL
‐‐
10321,10321, Feb.Feb. 28,28, 1958)1958) Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis “one“one
‐‐
union,union, oneone‐‐
company”company” policy?policy? A:A: GR:GR: ItIt isis thethe proliferationproliferation of of unionsunions inin anan ErEr unit.unit. Such
Such isis discourageddiscouraged asas aa mattermatter of of policypolicy unlessunless there
there areare compellingcompelling reasonsreasons whichwhich wouldwould denydeny a
a certaincertain classclass of of EesEes toto thethe rightright toto self self
‐‐
organizationorganization forfor purposespurposes of of collectivecollective bargaining
bargaining (CB).(CB). XPNs:
XPNs: 1.
1. SupervisorySupervisory EesEes whowho areare allowedallowed toto formform their
their ownown unionsunions apartapart fromfrom thethe rankrank
‐‐
andand
‐‐
filefile EesEes andand 2.2. TheThe policypolicy shouldshould yieldyield toto thethe rightright of of EesEes to
to formform unionunion forfor purposespurposes notnot contrarycontrary to
to law,law, self self
‐‐
organizationorganization andand toto enterenter intointo CBCB negotiations.negotiations. Note:
Note: TwoTwo companiescompanies cannotcannot bebe treatedtreated intointo aa singlesingle bargaining
bargaining unitunit eveneven if if theirtheir businessesbusinesses areare related.related. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries oror corporationscorporations formedformed outout of of formerformer divisions
divisions of of aa mothermother companycompany followingfollowing aa rere‐‐
organization
organization maymay constituteconstitute aa separateseparate bargainingbargaining unit.
unit. Q:
Q: UnionUnion filedfiled aa PCEPCE amongamong thethe rankrank andand filefile EesEes of
of threethree securitysecurity agenciesagencies includingincluding thethe VeteransVeterans Security.
Security. TheThe latterlatter opposedopposed allegingalleging thatthat thethe threethree security
security agenciesagencies havehave separateseparate andand distinctdistinct corporate
corporate personalities.personalities. MayMay aa singlesingle PCEPCE filedfiled byby aa labor
labor unionunion inin thethe threethree corporationscorporations insteadinstead of of filing
filing 33 separateseparate petitions?petitions? A:
A: Yes.Yes. TheThe followingfollowing areare indicationsindications thatthat thethe 33 agencies
agencies dodo notnot existexist andand operateoperate separatelyseparately andand distinctly
distinctly fromfrom eacheach otherother withwith differentdifferent corporatecorporate direction
direction andand goals:goals: 1)1) VeteransVeterans SecuritySecurity failedfailed toto rebut
rebut thethe factfact thatthat theythey areare managedmanaged throughthrough thethe Utilities
Utilities ManagementManagement CorpCorp withwith allall theirtheir EesEes drawing
drawing theirtheir salariessalaries andand wageswages fromfrom thethe saidsaid entity;
entity; 2)2) thatthat thethe agenciesagencies havehave commoncommon andand interlocking
interlocking incorporatorsincorporators andand officers;officers; 3)3) thatthat theythey have
have aa singlesingle mutualmutual benefitbenefit systemsystem andand followedfollowed aa single
single systemsystem of of compulsorycompulsory retirement.retirement. 4)4) theythey could
2.
2. AffinityAffinity andand unityunity of of thethe EesEes interest,interest, suchsuch as
as substantialsubstantial similaritysimilarity of of workwork andand duties,
duties, oror similaritysimilarity of of compensationcompensation andand working
working conditions.conditions. (Substantial(Substantial MutualMutual Interest
Interest Rule)Rule) 3.
3. PriorPrior collectivecollective bargainingbargaining historyhistory 4.
4. SimilaritySimilarity of of employmentemployment status.status. (SMC (SMC v.v. Laguesma,
Laguesma, G.R.G.R. No.No. 100485,100485, Sep.Sep. 21,21, 1994)
1994) Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe factorsfactors consideredconsidered inin determiningdetermining the
the substantialsubstantial mutualmutual interestinterest doctrine?doctrine? A:
A: 1.1. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe scalescale andand mannermanner of of determining
determining earningsearnings 2.
2. SimilaritySimilarity inin employmentemployment benefits,benefits, hourshours of
of work,work, andand otherother termsterms andand conditionsconditions of
of employmentemployment 3.
3. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe kindskinds of of workwork performedperformed 4.
4. SimilaritySimilarity inin thethe qualifications,qualifications, skillsskills andand training
training of of EesEes 5.
5. FrequencyFrequency of of contractcontract oror interchangeinterchange among
among thethe EesEes 6.
6. GeographicalGeographical proximityproximity 7.
7. ContinuityContinuity andand integrationintegration of of productionproduction processes
processes 8.
8. CommonCommon supervisionsupervision andand determinationdetermination of
of laborlabor
‐‐
relationsrelations policypolicy 9.9. HistoryHistory of of CBCB 10.
10. DesiresDesires of of thethe affectedaffected EesEes oror 11.
11. ExtentExtent of of unionunion organizationorganization Q:
Q: AA registeredregistered laborlabor unionunion inin UP,UP, ONAPUP,ONAPUP, filedfiled aa petition
petition forfor certificationcertification electionelection (PCE)(PCE) amongamong thethe non
non
‐‐
academicacademic Ees.Ees. TheThe universityuniversity diddid notnot oppose,oppose, however,however, anotheranother laborlabor union,union, thethe AllAll UPUP WorkersWorkers Union
Union assentsassents thatthat itit representsrepresents bothboth academicacademic and
and nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic personnelpersonnel andand seeksseeks toto uniteunite allall workersworkers inin 11 union.union. DoDo EesEes performingperforming academicacademic functions
functions needneed toto comprisecomprise aa bargainingbargaining unitunit distinct
distinct fromfrom thatthat of of thethe nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic Ees?Ees? A:A: Yes.Yes. TheThe mutualitymutuality of of interestinterest testtest shouldshould bebe taken
taken intointo consideration.consideration. ThereThere areare twotwo classesclasses of of rank
rank andand filefile EesEes inin thethe universityuniversity thatthat is,is, thosethose whowho perform
perform academicacademic functionsfunctions suchsuch asas thethe professorsprofessors and
and instructors,instructors, andand thosethose whosewhose functionfunction areare nonnon
‐‐
academicacademic whowho areare thethe janitors, janitors, messengers,messengers, clerksclerks etc.
etc. Thus,Thus, notnot muchmuch reflectionreflection isis neededneeded toto perceiveperceive that
that thethe mutualitymutuality of of interestinterest whichwhich justifies justifies thethe formation
formation of of aa singlesingle bargainingbargaining unitunit isis lackinglacking between
between thethe twotwo classesclasses of of Ees.Ees. (U.P.(U.P. v.v. Ferrer Ferrer
‐‐
Calleja,Calleja, G.R.G.R. No.96189,No.96189, July July 14,14, 1992)1992) Q:
Q: IsIs thethe bargainingbargaining historyhistory aa decisivedecisive factorfactor inin thethe determination
determination of of appropriatenessappropriateness of of bargainingbargaining unit?
unit?
A:
A: No.No. WhileWhile thethe existenceexistence of of aa bargainingbargaining historyhistory isis a
a factorfactor thatthat maymay bebe reckonedreckoned withwith inin determiningdetermining the
the appropriateappropriate bargainingbargaining unit,unit, thethe samesame isis notnot decisive
decisive oror conclusive.conclusive. OtherOther factorsfactors mustmust bebe considered.
considered. TheThe testtest of of groupinggrouping isis communitycommunity oror mutuality
mutuality of of interests.interests. ThisThis isis soso becausebecause thethe basicbasic test
test of of anan assertedasserted bargainingbargaining unit’sunit’s acceptabilityacceptability isis whether
whether oror notnot itit isis fundamentallyfundamentally thethe combinationcombination which
which willwill bestbest assureassure toto allall EesEes thethe exerciseexercise of of theirtheir CB
CB rights.rights. (Democratic(Democratic Labor Labor Ass’n Ass’n v.v. CebuCebu Stevedoring
Stevedoring Company,Company, Inc.,Inc., G.RG.R.. NoNo.. LL
‐‐
10321,10321, Feb.Feb. 28,28, 1958)1958) Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis “one“one
‐‐
union,union, oneone‐‐
company”company” policy?policy? A:A: GR:GR: ItIt isis thethe proliferationproliferation of of unionsunions inin anan ErEr unit.unit. Such
Such isis discourageddiscouraged asas aa mattermatter of of policypolicy unlessunless there
there areare compellingcompelling reasonsreasons whichwhich wouldwould denydeny a
a certaincertain classclass of of EesEes toto thethe rightright toto self self
‐‐
organizationorganization forfor purposespurposes of of collectivecollective bargaining
bargaining (CB).(CB). XPNs:
XPNs: 1.
1. SupervisorySupervisory EesEes whowho areare allowedallowed toto formform their
their ownown unionsunions apartapart fromfrom thethe rankrank
‐‐
andand
‐‐
filefile EesEes andand 2.2. TheThe policypolicy shouldshould yieldyield toto thethe rightright of of EesEes to
to formform unionunion forfor purposespurposes notnot contrarycontrary to
to law,law, self self
‐‐
organizationorganization andand toto enterenter intointo CBCB negotiations.negotiations. Note:
Note: TwoTwo companiescompanies cannotcannot bebe treatedtreated intointo aa singlesingle bargaining
bargaining unitunit eveneven if if theirtheir businessesbusinesses areare related.related. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries oror corporationscorporations formedformed outout of of formerformer divisions
divisions of of aa mothermother companycompany followingfollowing aa rere‐‐
organization
organization maymay constituteconstitute aa separateseparate bargainingbargaining unit.
unit. Q:
Q: UnionUnion filedfiled aa PCEPCE amongamong thethe rankrank andand filefile EesEes of
of threethree securitysecurity agenciesagencies includingincluding thethe VeteransVeterans Security.
Security. TheThe latterlatter opposedopposed allegingalleging thatthat thethe threethree security
security agenciesagencies havehave separateseparate andand distinctdistinct corporate
corporate personalities.personalities. MayMay aa singlesingle PCEPCE filedfiled byby aa labor
labor unionunion inin thethe threethree corporationscorporations insteadinstead of of filing
filing 33 separateseparate petitions?petitions? A:
A: Yes.Yes. TheThe followingfollowing areare indicationsindications thatthat thethe 33 agencies
agencies dodo notnot existexist andand operateoperate separatelyseparately andand distinctly
distinctly fromfrom eacheach otherother withwith differentdifferent corporatecorporate direction
direction andand goals:goals: 1)1) VeteransVeterans SecuritySecurity failedfailed toto rebut
rebut thethe factfact thatthat theythey areare managedmanaged throughthrough thethe Utilities
Utilities ManagementManagement CorpCorp withwith allall theirtheir EesEes drawing
drawing theirtheir salariessalaries andand wageswages fromfrom thethe saidsaid entity;
entity; 2)2) thatthat thethe agenciesagencies havehave commoncommon andand interlocking
interlocking incorporatorsincorporators andand officers;officers; 3)3) thatthat theythey have
have aa singlesingle mutualmutual benefitbenefit systemsystem andand followedfollowed aa single
single systemsystem of of compulsorycompulsory retirement.retirement. 4)4) theythey could
to
to anotheranother andand backback againagain byby simplysimply fillingfilling‐‐upup aa common
common propro‐‐formaforma slip;slip; 5)5) theythey alwaysalways holdhold joint joint yearly
yearly ceremoniesceremonies suchsuch asas thethe PGAPGA AnnualAnnual AwardsAwards Ceremony;
Ceremony; andand 6)6) theythey continuecontinue toto bebe representedrepresented by
by oneone counsel.counsel. Hence,
Hence, thethe veilveil of of corporatecorporate fictionfiction of of thethe 33 agencies
agencies shouldshould bebe liftedlifted forfor thethe purposepurpose of of allowing
allowing thethe EesEes of of thethe 33 agenciesagencies toto formform singlesingle union.
union. AsAs aa singlesingle bargainingbargaining unit,unit, thethe EesEes needneed notnot file
file 33 separateseparate PCE.PCE. (Philippine(Philippine Scout Scout VeteransVeterans Security
Security and and InvestigationInvestigation Agency Agency v.v. SLE,SLE, G.R.G.R. No.No. 92357,
92357, July July 21,21, 1993)1993) (2)Voluntary
(2)VoluntaryRecognitionRecognition
Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe 33 methodsmethods of of determiningdetermining thethe bargaining
bargaining representative?representative? A:
A: 1.
1. VoluntaryVoluntary recognitionrecognition 2.
2. CertificationCertification electionelection withwith oror withoutwithout runrun‐‐ off
off 3.
3. ConsentConsent electionelection Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis voluntaryvoluntary recognitionrecognition (VR)?(VR)? A:
A: TheThe processprocess byby whichwhich aa legitimatelegitimate laborlabor unionunion isis recognized
recognized byby thethe employeremployer (Er)(Er) asas thethe exclusiveexclusive bargaining
bargaining representativerepresentative oror agentagent inin aa bargainingbargaining unit,
unit, reportedreported withwith thethe RegionalRegional Office.Office. (Sec.(Sec. 11 [bbb],
[bbb], RuleRule I,I, Book Book V,V, IRR)IRR) Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe requirementsrequirements forfor VR?VR? A:
A: TheThe noticenotice of of VRVR shallshall bebe accompaniedaccompanied byby thethe original
original copycopy andand 22 duplicateduplicate copiescopies of of thethe followingfollowing req’ts:
req’ts: 1.
1. JointJoint statementstatement underunder oathoath of of VRVR 2.
2. Certificate of Certificate of postingposting of of joint joint statementstatement for
for 1515 consecutiveconsecutive daysdays inin atat leastleast 22 conspicuous
conspicuous placesplaces inin thethe establishmentestablishment of
of thethe bargainingbargaining unitunit 3.
3. Certificate of Certificateof postingposting 4.
4. Approximate numberApproximate number of of EesEes inin thethe bargaining
bargaining unitunit andand thethe namesnames of of thosethose who
who supportedsupported thethe recognitionrecognition 5.
5. StatementStatement thatthat thethe laborlabor unionunion isis thethe onlyonly LLO
LLO operatingoperating withinwithin thethe bargainingbargaining unit.unit. Note:
Note: WhereWhere thethe noticenotice of of voluntaryvoluntary recognitionrecognition isis sufficient
sufficient inin form,form, numbernumber andand substancesubstance andand wherewhere there
there isis nono registeredregistered laborlabor unionunion operatingoperating withinwithin thethe bargaining
bargaining unitunit concerned,concerned, thethe RegionalRegional Office,Office,
through
through thethe LaborLabor RelationsRelations DivisionDivision shall,shall, withinwithin 1010 days
days fromfrom receiptreceipt of of thethe notice,notice, recordrecord thethe factfact of of VRVR inin its
its rosterroster of of legitimatelegitimate laborlabor unionsunions andand notifynotify thethe labor
labor unionunion concerned.concerned. Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe threethree (3)(3) conditionsconditions toto voluntaryvoluntary recognition
recognition (VR)?(VR)? A:
A: VRVR requiresrequires 33 concurrentconcurrent conditions:conditions: 1.
1. VRVR isis possiblepossible only only inin anan unorganized unorganized establishment
establishment .. 2.
2. Only Only oneone unionunion must must ask ask for for recognitionrecognition.. If If there
there 22 oror moremore unionsunions askingasking toto bebe recognized,
recognized, thethe ErEr cannotcannot recognizerecognize anyany of
of them;them; thethe rivalryrivalry mustmust bebe resolvedresolved through
through anan election.election.
3.
3. TheThe unionunion voluntarilyvoluntarily recognizedrecognized shouldshould be
be thethe majoritymajority unionunion asas indicatedindicated byby thethe fact
fact thatthat membersmembers of of thethe bargainingbargaining unitunit did
did notnot objectobject toto thethe projectedprojected recognition.
recognition. If If nono objectionobjection isis raised,raised, thethe recognition
recognition willwill proceed,proceed, thethe DOLEDOLE willwill bebe informed
informed andand CBACBA recognitionrecognition willwill commence.
commence. If If objectionobjection isis raised,raised, thethe recognition
recognition isis barredbarred andand aa certificationcertification election
election oror consentconsent electionelection willwill havehave toto take
take place.place. Note:
Note: InIn anan organizedorganized establishment,establishment, voluntaryvoluntary recognition
recognition isis notnot possible.possible. AA petitionpetition toto holdhold aa CECE hashas to
to bebe filedfiled withinwithin thethe freedomfreedom periodperiod whichwhich meansmeans thethe last
last 6060 daysdays of of thethe 55thth yearyear of of thethe expiringexpiring CBA.CBA. TheThe petition
petition maymay bebe filedfiled byby anyany LegitimateLegitimate LaborLabor Organization
Organization (LLO),(LLO), butbut thethe petitionpetition mustmust havehave writtenwritten support
support of of atat leastleast 25%25% of of thethe EesEes inin thethe bargainingbargaining unit.
unit. Q:
Q: WhereWhere andand whenwhen toto filefile thethe petitionpetition forfor VR?VR? A:
A: WithinWithin 3030 daysdays fromfrom suchsuch recognition,recognition, ErEr shallshall submit
submit aa noticenotice of of VRVR withwith thethe RegionalRegional OfficeOffice which
which issuedissued thethe recognizedrecognized laborlabor union’sunion’s certificate
certificate of of registrationregistration oror certificatecertificate of of creationcreation of
of aa charteredchartered local.local. Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe effectseffects of of recordingrecording of of factfact of of voluntary
voluntary recognitionrecognition (VR)?(VR)? A:
A: 1.
1. TheThe recognizedrecognized laborlabor unionunion shallshall enjoyenjoy the
the rights,rights, privilegesprivileges andand obligationsobligations of of anan existing
existing bargainingbargaining agentagent of of allall thethe employees
employees (Ees)(Ees) inin thethe bargainingbargaining unit.unit. 2.
2. ItIt shallshall alsoalso barbar thethe filingfiling of of aa petitionpetition forfor certification
organization for a period of 1 year from the date of entry of VR.
(3)Certification Election Q: What is certification election (CE)?
A: It is the process of determining through secret ballot the sole and exclusive representative of the Ees in an appropriate bargaining unit, for purposes of CB or negotiation. (Sec. 1 [h], Rule I, Book V, IRR) Note: The process is called CE because it serves as the official, reliable and democratic basis for the BLR to determine and certify the union that shall be the exclusive bargaining representative of the Ees for the purpose of bargaining with the Er.
Q: What is the nature of certification election? A: A certification election is not a litigation but merely an investigation of a non
‐
adversarial fact‐
finding character in which BLR plays a part of a disinterested investigator seeking merely to ascertain the desire of the employees as to the matter of their representation. (Airline Pilots Ass’n of the Philippines v. CIR, G.R. No. L‐
33705, April 15, 1977)Q: What is the purpose of a certification election? A: It is a means of determining the worker’s choice of:
1. Whether they want a union to represent them for collective bargaining or if they want no union to represent them at all. 2. And if they choose to have a union to
represent them, they will choose which among the contending unions will be the
sole and exclusive bargaining
representative of the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit.
Q: What are the issues involved in a certification proceeding?
A: Certification proceedings directly involve two issues:
1. Proper composition and constituency of the bargaining unit; and
2. The veracity of majority membership claims of the competing unions so as to identity the one union that will serve as the bargaining representative of the entire bargaining unit.
Note: Some of the Ees may not want to have a union; hence, “no union” is one of the choices named in the ballot. If “no union” wins, the company or the bargaining unit remains un‐unionized for at least 12
months, the period is known as 12‐month bar . After
that period, a petition for a CE may be filed again. Q: Distinguish the requisites for a petition for certification election between an organized and an unorganized establishment.
A:
Art.256. ORGANIZED Art.257. UNORGANIZED
Bargaining agent
Present None
Petition filed
Has to be a verified
petition No need to be verified
Freedom Period
No petition for CE except within 60 days before the
expiration of the CBA. (See Art. 253 & 253‐ A)
Not applicable. No freedom period. Petition
can be filed anytime.
Substantial support rule
Must be duly supported by 25% of all the
members of the appropriate bargaining
unit (ABU). Percentage base: all members of an ABU.
No substantial support rule.
Why? Intention of law is to bring in the union, to implement policy behind
Art. 211(a).
Note: The approval of the PCE in an unorganized bargaining unit is NEVER appealable, the reason being that the law wants the ununionized to be unionized. Q: Should the consent signatures of at least 25% of the Ees in the bargaining unit be submitted simultaneously with the filing of the petition for certification election (PCE)?
A: No, the administrative rule requiring the simultaneous submission of the 25% consent signatures upon the filing of PCE should not be strictly applied to frustrate the determination of the legitimate representative of the workers. Accordingly, the Court held that the mere filing of a PCE within the freedom period is sufficient basis for the issuance of an order for the holding of a CE, subject to the submission of the consent signatures within a reasonable period from such filing. (Port Workers Union of the Phils. v. Laguesma, G.R. Nos. 94929
‐
30, Mar. 18, 1992)Q: Who may file a petition for certification election (PCE)?
A:
2. A national union or federation which has already issued a charter certificate to its local chapter participating in the CE 3. A local chapter which has been issued a
charter certificate
4. An Er only when requested to bargain collectively in a bargaining unit where no registered CBA exists. (Sec. 1, Rule VIII, Book V, IRR as amended by D.O. 40
‐
F‐
03) Note: A national union or federation filing a petition in behalf of its local/chapter shall not be required to disclose the names of the local/chapter’s officers and members, but shall attach to the petition the charter certificate it issued to its local/chapter. (Sec. 1, Rule VIII, Book V, IRR as amended by D.O. 40‐F ‐03)Q: May an employee intervene in the petition for certification election (PCE)?
A: Yes, for the purpose of protecting his individual right. (Sec. 1, Rule VIII, Book V, IRR as amended by D.O. 40
‐
03)Q: Where is PCE filed?
A: It shall be filed with the Regional Office which issued the petitioning union's certificate of registration/certificate of creation of chartered local. (Implementing Rules, as amended by D.O. 40
‐
03)Q: Who shall hear and resolve the PCE? A: The Mediator‐Arbiter.
Q: When to file PCE?
A: The proper time to file the PCE depends on whether the Certified Bargaining Unit has a CBA or not:
1. If it has no CBA, the petition may be filed anytime outside the 12‐month bar (certification year).
2. If it has CBA, it can be filed only within the last 60 days of the 5thyear of the CBA. Note: At the expiration of the freedom period, the Er shall continue to recognize the majority status of the incumbent bargaining agent where no PCE is filed. Q: Distinguish union election from certification election.
A:
UNION ELECTION CERTIFICATION ELECTION
Held pursuant to the union’s constitution and
The process is ordered and supervised by DOLE
by‐laws Right to vote is enjoyed only by union members
All Ees whether union or non‐union members who belong to the appropriate bargaining unit can vote
Winners of union election become officers and representatives of the
union only
The winner in a CE is an entity, a union, which
becomes the representative of the whole bargaining unit that includes even the members of the defeated
unions.
Note: Both in CE and union election, the prescribed procedures should be followed.
Q: Can a "no
‐
union" win in a certification Election (CE)?A: Yes. Because the objective in a CE is to ascertain the majority representation of the bargaining representative, if the Ee’s desire to be represented at all by anyone. Hence, no union is one of the choices in a CE. (2006 Bar Question)
Alternative Answer:
No. A no union cannot win in a CE. The purpose of a CE is to select an excusive bargaining agent and a no union vote would precisely mean that the voter is not choosing any of the contending unions. If the no‐union votes constitute a majority of the valid votes cast, this fact will all the more mean that no union won in CE. A one‐year bar will consequently stop the holding of another CE to allow the Er to enjoy industrial peace for at least one year.
Q: In what instance may a PCE be filed outside the freedom period of a current CBA?
A: As a general rule, in an establishment where there is a CBA in force and effect, a PCE may be filed only during the freedom period of such CBA. But to have that effect, the CBA should have been filed and registered with the DOLE. (Art. 231, 253
‐
A and 256, LC). (1997 Bar Question)Thus, a CBA that has not been filed and registered with the DOLE cannot be a bar to a CE and such election can be held outside the freedom period of such CBA.
Alternative Answer:
A PCE may be filed outside the freedom period of a current CBA if such CBA is a new CBA that has been prematurely entered into, meaning, it was entered into before the expiry date of the old CBA. The filing of the PCE shall be within the
freedom period of the old CBA which is outside the freedom period of the new CBA that had been prematurely entered into.
Q: Are probationary employees (Ees) entitled to vote in a CE? Why?
A: Yes, in a CE, all rank
‐
and‐
file Ees in the appropriate bargaining unit (ABU) are entitled to vote. This principle is clearly stated in Art. 255 of the LC which states that the "labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the Ees in such unit shall be the exclusive representative of the Ees in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining (CB)."CB covers all aspects of the employment relation and the resultant CBA negotiated by the certified union binds all Ees in the bargaining unit. Hence, all rank
‐
and‐
file Ees, probationary or permanent, have a substantial interest in the selection of the bargaining representative. The LC makes no distinction as to their employment status as basis for eligibility to vote in the petition for CE. The law refers to "all" the Ees in the bargaining unit. All they need to be eligible to vote is to belong to the "bargaining unit" (Airtime Specialists, Inc. v. Ferrer‐
Calleja, G.R. No. 80612‐
16, Dec. 29, 1989). (1999 Bar Question)Q: What is direct certification?
A: It is the process whereby the Med
‐
Arbiter directly certifies a labor organization of an appropriate bargaining unit (ABU) of a company after a showing that such petition is supported by at least a majority of the Ees in the bargaining unit. Q: Does the failure of SAMAFIL (an independent union) to prove its affiliation with NAFLU‐
KMU federation affect its right to file a PCE as an independent union?A: No, as a LLO, it has the right to file a PCE on its own beyond question. Its failure to prove its affiliation with the NAFLU
‐
KMU cannot affect its right to file said PCE as an independent union. At the most, its failure will result in an ineffective affiliation with NAFLU‐
KMU. Despite affiliation, the local union remains the basic unit free to serve the common interest of all its members and pursue its own interests independently of the federation. (Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Filsystems v. SLE, G.R. No. 128067, June 5, 1998)Q: May illegally dismissed Ees of the company participate in the certification election (CE)?
A: Yes, it is now well
‐
settled that Ees who have been improperly laid off but who have at present an unabandoned right to or expectation of re‐
employment, are eligible to vote in CE’s. Thus, and to repeat, if the dismissal is under question, as in the case now at bar whereby a case of illegal dismissal and/or ULP was filed, the Ee’s concerned could still qualify to vote in the elections. (Phil. Fruits & Vegetables Industries v. Torres, G.R. No. 92391, July 3, 1992)Q: Is direct certification (DC) still allowed?
A: No. Even in a case where a union has filed a petition for CE, the mere fact that there was no opposition does not warrant a DC. More so in a case when the required proof is not presented in an appropriate proceeding and the basis of the DC is the union’s self
‐
serving assertion that it enjoys the support of the majority of the Ees, without subjecting such assertion to the test of competing claims. (Samahang Manggagawa sa Permex v. Secretary, G.R. No. 107792, Mar. 2, 1998)Q: What are the grounds for denying the PCE? A:
1. The petitioning union or federation is not listed in the DOLE’s registry of legitimate labor unions or that its registration certificate legal personality has been revoked or cancelled with finality
2. Failure of a local chapter or national union/federation to submit a duly issued charter certificate upon filing of the petition
3. The petition was filed before or after the FREEDOM PERIOD of a duly registered CBA; provided that the 60
‐
day period based on the original CBA shall not be affected by any amendment, extension or renewal of the CBA; (contract bar rule) 4. The petition was filed within 1 year fromentry of voluntary recognition or within the same period from a valid certification, consent or run
‐
off election and no appeal on the results of the certification, consent or run‐
off election is pending; (12‐
month bar; certification year bar rule)5. A duly certified union has commenced and sustained negotiations with the Er in accordance with Art. 250 of the LC within the 1
‐
year period. (negotiation bar rule) 6. There exists a bargaining deadlock whichhad been submitted to conciliation or arbitration or had become the subject of a valid notice of strike or lockout to which an incumbent or certified bargaining agent is a party. (deadlock bar rule)
7. In case of an organized establishment, failure to submit the 25% support req’t for the filing of the PCE.
8. Non‐appearance of the petitioner for 2
consecutive scheduled conferences
before the med‐arbiter despite due notice, and
9. Absence of Er‐Ee relationship between all the members of the petitioning union and the owner of the establishment where the proposed bargaining unit is sought to be represented. (Sec.14[a], Rule VIII, Book V, IRR, as amended by D.O. 40
‐
F‐
03)Q: What is a prohibited ground for the
denial/suspension of the petition for certification election?
A: The inclusion as union members of Ees outside the bargaining unit. Said Ees are automatically deemed removed from the list of membership of said unions.
Q: Does the filing of a petition to cancel the petitioner’s registration cause the suspension or dismissal of the petition for certification election? A: No. To serve as a ground for dismissal of a PCE, the legal personality of the petitioner should have been revoked or cancelled “with finality”.
Q: UNIDAD, a labor organization claiming to represent the majority of the rank and file workers of BAGSAK Toyo Manufacturing Corp. (BMTC), filed a petition for CE during the
freedom period obtaining in said corp.
Despite the opposition thereto by SIGAW
Federation on the ground that UNIDAD was not possessed with all the attributes of a duly registered union, the Med
‐
Arbiter issued an order calling for a CE on July 25, 2001. This order was promulgated and served on the parties on July 12, 2001. On July 14, 2001, UNIDAD submitted and served the required documents for its registration as an independent union, which documents were approved by the DOLE on July 15, 2001.During the elections, UNIDAD won over SIGAW.
SIGAW questioned UNIDAD's victory on the
ground that UNIDAD was not a duly registered union when it filed the petition for a CE. Shall SIGAW’s case prosper or not? Why?
A: No, SIGAW's case will not prosper. The application of technicalities of procedural req’ts in CE disputes will serve no lawful objective or purpose. It is a statutory policy that no obstacles should be placed on the holding of a CE, (Samahang
ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic vs. Laguesma, G.R. No. 111245, Jan. 31, 1997) and that the law is indisputably partial to the holding of a CE. (Western Agusan vs. Trajano G.R. No. 65833, May 6, 1991)
At any rate, UNIDAD completed all the req’ts for union registration on July 14, 2001, and legitimate union status was accorded on July 15, 2000, or at least 10 days before the scheduled date for holding the CE. (2001 Bar Question)
Q: What is meant by “contract
‐
bar rule”?A: Contract‐bar rule means that while a valid and registered CBA is subsisting, the BLR is not allowed to hold an election contesting the majority status of the incumbent union except during the 60‐day period immediately prior to its expiration, which period is called the freedom period.
Note: In the absence of such timely notice or filing of petition, the contract executed during the automatic renewal period is a bar to CE.
There shall be no amendment, alteration, or termination of any of the provisions of the CBA except to give notice of one party’s intention to amend, alter and terminate the provisions within the freedom period.
Q: What are the requirements in order to invoke the contract bar rule?
A: The existing CBA must:
1. Be in writing and signed by all contracting parties
2. Contain the terms and conditions of employment
3. Cover employees in an appropriate
bargaining unit
4. Be for a reasonable period or duration 5. Be ratified
6. Be registered with the BLR; and
7. The violation of the contract bar rule or the existence of a duly registered CBA must be specially pleaded as a defense. Q: What is the effect of an invalid or unregistered CBA?
A: There is no bar and therefore a certification election may be held.
Note: Registration of CBA only puts into effect the contract‐bar rule but the CBA itself is valid and binding even if unregistered.
Q: What are the exceptions to the contract bar rule?
A: A:
1.
1. TheThe CBACBA isis unregisteredunregistered 2.
2. TheThe CBACBA isis inadequateinadequate andand incompleteincomplete 3.
3. TheThe CBACBA waswas hastilyhastily enteredentered intointo (Doctrine
(Doctrine of of premature premature extension)extension) 4.
4. WithdrawalWithdrawal of of affiliationaffiliation fromfrom thethe contracting
contracting unionunion broughtbrought aboutabout byby schism
schism oror massmass disaffiliationdisaffiliation 5.
5. ContractContract wherewhere thethe identityidentity of of thethe representative
representative isis inin doubt.doubt. (ALU(ALU v.v. Ferrer Ferrer Calleja,
Calleja, G.R.G.R. No.No. 85085,85085, Nov.Nov. 6,6, 1989)1989) 6.
6. CBACBA enteredentered intointo betweenbetween thethe ErEr andand thethe union
union duringduring thethe pendencypendency of of aa petitionpetition for
for CECE (Vassar (Vassar IndustriesIndustries EesEes UnionUnion v.v. Estrella,
Estrella, G.R.G.R. No.No. LL
‐‐
46562,46562, Mar.Mar. 31,31, 1978)1978) 7.7. CBACBA conductedconducted betweenbetween thethe ErEr andand thethe union
union isis notnot barbar toto aa certificationcertification electionelection filed
filed byby anotheranother unionunion andand saidsaid CBACBA cancan be
be renegotiatedrenegotiated atat thethe optionoption of of thethe newnew bargaining
bargaining agent.agent. (ATU(ATU v.v. Hon.Hon. Noriel,Noriel, G.R.G.R. No.
No. LL
‐‐
48367,48367, Jan. Jan. 16,16, 1979)1979) 8.8. AA CBACBA registeredregistered withwith falsifiedfalsified supportingsupporting documents
documents 9.
9. CBACBA waswas concludedconcluded inin violationviolation of of anan order
order enjoiningenjoining thethe partiesparties fromfrom enteringentering into
into aa CBACBA untiluntil thethe issueissue of of representation
representation isis resolvedresolved 10.
10. PetitionPetition isis filedfiled duringduring thethe 6060
‐‐
dayday freedomfreedom period.period. Note:
Note: BasicBasic toto thethe contractcontract barbar rulerule isis thethe propositionproposition that
that thethe delaydelay of of thethe rightright toto selectselect representativesrepresentatives cancan be
be justified justified onlyonly wherewhere stabilitystability isis deemeddeemed paramount.paramount. Excepted
Excepted fromfrom thethe contractcontract barbar rulerule areare certaincertain typestypes of
of contractscontracts whichwhich dodo notnot fosterfoster industrialindustrial stability,stability, such
such asas contractscontracts wherewhere thethe identityidentity of of thethe representative
representative isis inin doubt.doubt. AnyAny stabilitystability derivedderived fromfrom such
such contractscontracts mustmust bebe subordinatedsubordinated toto thethe Ees’Ees’ freedom
freedom of of choicechoice becausebecause itit doesdoes notnot establishestablish thethe type
type of of industrialindustrial peacepeace contemplatedcontemplated byby law.law. (Firestone
(Firestone TireTire && Rubber Rubber Company Company Ee’sEe’s UnionUnion v.v. Estrella,
Estrella, G.R.G.R. No.No. LL‐‐4551345513‐‐14,14, Jan. Jan. 6,6, 1978)1978)
Q:
Q: CanCan thethe BLRBLR certifycertify aa unionunion asas thethe exclusiveexclusive bargaining
bargaining representativerepresentative afterafter showingshowing proof proof of of majority
majority representationrepresentation thruthru unionunion membershipmembership cards
cards withoutwithout conductingconducting anan election?election? A:
A: No.No. TheThe LCLC (In(In Arts. Arts. 256,256, 257 257 and and 258)258) providesprovides only
only forfor aa CECE asas thethe modemode forfor determiningdetermining the
the exclusiveexclusive collectivecollective bargainingbargaining representativerepresentative if
if therethere isis aa questionquestion of of representationrepresentation inin anan appropriate
appropriate bargainingbargaining unit.unit. (1998(1998 BarBar Question)Question) Q:
Q: WhenWhen doesdoes deadlockdeadlock arise?arise? A:
A: ItIt arisesarises whenwhen therethere isis anan impasse,impasse, whichwhich presupposes
presupposes reasonablereasonable efforteffort atat goodgood faithfaith
bargaining
bargaining which,which, despitedespite noblenoble intentions,intentions, diddid notnot conclude
conclude inin anan agreementagreement betweenbetween thethe parties.parties. Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis deadlockdeadlock barbar rule?rule? A:
A: AA petitionpetition forfor certificationcertification electionelection (PCE)(PCE) cannotcannot be
be entertainedentertained if,if, beforebefore thethe filingfiling of of thethe PCE,PCE, aa bargaining
bargaining deadlockdeadlock toto whichwhich anan incumbentincumbent oror certified
certified bargainingbargaining agentagent isis aa party,party, hadhad beenbeen submitted
submitted toto conciliationconciliation oror arbitrationarbitration oror hadhad become
become thethe subjectsubject of of aa validvalid strikestrike oror lockout.lockout. Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe indicationsindications of of aa genuinegenuine deadlock?
deadlock? A:
A: 1.
1. TheThe submissionsubmission of of thethe deadlockdeadlock toto aa thirdthird party
party conciliatorconciliator oror arbitrator;arbitrator; andand 2.
2. TheThe deadlockdeadlock isis thethe subjectsubject of of aa validvalid notice
notice strikestrike oror lockout.lockout. Q:
Q: CapitolCapitol MedicalMedical CenterCenter Ees’Ees’ AssociationAssociation
‐‐
AllianceAlliance ofof FilipinoFilipino WorkersWorkers (CMCEA(CMCEA
‐‐
AFW)AFW) emergedemerged asas thethe certifiedcertified representativerepresentative of of thethe rankrank
‐‐
andand‐‐
filefile EesEes atat CapitolCapitol MedicalMedical CenterCenter (CMC).(CMC). DueDue toto CMC’sCMC’s refusal
refusal toto bargainbargain collectively,collectively, CMCEACMCEA
‐‐
AFWAFW filedfiled aa noticenotice of of strikestrike andand laterlater onon stagedstaged thethe strikestrike afterafter complying
complying withwith thethe otherother legallegal req’ts.req’ts. TheThe SLESLE assumed
assumed jurisdiction jurisdiction overover thethe casecase andand issuedissued anan order
order certifyingcertifying thethe samesame toto thethe NLRCNLRC forfor compulsory
compulsory arbitration.arbitration. DuringDuring allall of of thesethese eventsevents Capitol
Capitol MedicalMedical CenterCenter AllianceAlliance of of ConcernedConcerned employees
employees (Ees)(Ees)
‐‐
Unified FilipinoUnified Filipino ServiceService WorkersWorkers filedfiled aa petitionpetition forfor CECE amongamong thethe regularregular rankrank
‐‐
andand‐‐
filefile EesEes of of CMC.CMC. TheThe petitionpetition forfor CECE waswas dismisseddismissed and
and thethe CMCCMC waswas directeddirected toto negotiatenegotiate withwith CMCEA
CMCEA
‐‐
AFW.AFW. WasWas thethe dismissaldismissal of of thethe PCEPCE proper?proper? A:A: Yes,Yes, if if thethe lawlaw proscribesproscribes thethe conductconduct of of aa CECE when
when therethere isis aa bargainingbargaining deadlockdeadlock submittedsubmitted toto conciliation
conciliation oror arbitration,arbitration, withwith moremore reasonreason shouldshould it
it notnot bebe conductedconducted if,if, despitedespite attemptsattempts toto bringbring anan Er
Er toto thethe negotiationnegotiation tabletable byby thethe certifiedcertified bargaining
bargaining agent,agent, therethere waswas "no"no reasonablereasonable efforteffort in
in goodgood faith"faith" onon thethe ErEr toto bargainbargain collectively.collectively. The
The circumstancescircumstances inin thisthis casecase shouldshould bebe consideredconsidered as
as similarsimilar inin naturenature toto aa "bargaining"bargaining deadlock"deadlock" when
when nono CECE couldcould bebe held.held. ThisThis isis alsoalso toto makemake suresure that
that nono floodgatesfloodgates willwill bebe openedopened forfor thethe circumvention
circumvention of of thethe lawlaw byby unscrupulousunscrupulous ErsErs toto prevent
prevent anyany certifiedcertified bargainingbargaining agentagent fromfrom negotiating
negotiating aa CBA.CBA. Sec.Sec. 3,3, (Rule(Rule VIII),VIII), BookBook VV of of thethe IRR
IRR shouldshould bebe interpretedinterpreted liberallyliberally soso asas toto includeinclude aa circumstance
circumstance wherewhere aa CBACBA couldcould notnot bebe concludedconcluded due
due toto thethe failurefailure of of oneone partyparty toto willinglywillingly performperform its
its dutyduty toto bargainbargain collectively.collectively. (Capitol (Capitol Medical Medical Center
Center Alliance Alliance of of Concerned Concerned EesEes v.v. Laguesma,Laguesma, G.R.G.R. No.
Q:
Q: ShouldShould thethe certificationcertification electionelection proceedingsproceedings bebe suspended
suspended inin viewview of of thethe pendingpending casecase forfor cancellation
cancellation of of thethe union’sunion’s certificatecertificate of of registration?
registration? A:
A: No,No, thethe pendencypendency of of aa cancellationcancellation casecase isis notnot aa ground
ground forfor thethe dismissaldismissal oror suspensionsuspension of of aa representation
representation proceedingproceeding consideringconsidering thatthat aa registered
registered laborlabor organizationorganization (LO)(LO) continuescontinues toto bebe aa legitimate
legitimate oneone entitledentitled toto allall thethe rightsrights appurtenantappurtenant thereto
thereto untiluntil aa finalfinal validvalid orderorder isis issuedissued cancellingcancelling such
such registration.registration. Once
Once aa LOLO attainsattains thethe statusstatus of of aa LLOLLO itit beginsbegins toto possess
possess allall of of thethe rightsrights andand privilegesprivileges grantedgranted byby law
law toto suchsuch organizations.organizations. AsAs suchsuch rightsrights andand privileges
privileges ultimatelyultimately affectaffect areasareas whichwhich areare constitutionally
constitutionally protected,protected, thethe activitiesactivities inin whichwhich LO,LO, associations
associations andand unionsunions areare engagedengaged directlydirectly affectaffect the
the publicpublic interestinterest andand shouldshould bebe zealouslyzealously protected.
protected. (Progressive(Progressive Dev’t Dev’t Corp.Corp. v.v. SLE,SLE, G.R.G.R. No.No. 115077,
115077, April April 18,18, 1997)1997) Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis negotiationnegotiation barbar rule?rule? A:
A: AA PCEPCE cannotcannot bebe entertainedentertained if,if, beforebefore thethe filingfiling of
of thethe PCE,PCE, thethe dulyduly recognizedrecognized oror certifiedcertified unionunion has
has commencedcommenced negotiationsnegotiations withwith thethe ErEr inin accordance
accordance withwith Art.Art. 250250 of of thethe LC.LC. Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis certificationcertification yearyear rule?rule? A:
A: NoNo PCEPCE maymay bebe filedfiled withinwithin oneone yearyear fromfrom thethe date
date of of aa validvalid certification,certification, consent,consent, oror runrun‐‐off off election
election oror fromfrom thethe datedate of of voluntaryvoluntary recognition.recognition. (4)Run
(4)Run‐‐off off ElectionElection Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis aa runrun
‐‐
off off election?election? A:A: AnAn electionelection conductedconducted when:when: 1.
1. AnAn electionelection whichwhich providesprovides forfor 33 oror moremore choices
choices resultsresults inin nonenone of of thethe contendingcontending unions
unions receivingreceiving aa majoritymajority of of thethe validvalid votes
votes cast,cast, and and 2.
2. There areThere are nono objectionsobjections oror challengeschallenges which
which if if sustainedsustained cancan materiallymaterially alteralter thethe results,
results, provided provided 3.
3. TheThe totaltotal numbernumber of of votesvotes forfor allall thethe contending
contending unionsunions isis atat leastleast 50%50% of of thethe number
number of of votesvotes cast.cast. (Sec.(Sec. 1,1, RuleRule X, X, Book Book V,
V, IRR)IRR) 4.
4. NotNot oneone of of thethe choiceschoices obtainedobtained thethe majority
majority of of thethe validvalid votesvotes castcast (50%+(50%+ 11 second
second majority);majority); 5.
5. TheThe twotwo choiceschoices whichwhich garneredgarnered thethe highest
highest votesvotes willwill bebe votedvoted andand thethe oneone which
which garnersgarners thethe highesthighest numbernumber of of
votes
votes willwill bebe declareddeclared thethe winnerwinner provided
provided theythey getget thethe majoritymajority votesvotes of of the
the totaltotal votesvotes cast.cast. Q:
Q: WhoWho areare thethe choiceschoices inin aa runrun
‐‐
off off election?election? A:A: TheThe unionsunions receivingreceiving thethe highesthighest andand 22ndndhighesthighest number
number of of thethe votesvotes cast.cast. (Sec.2,(Sec.2, RuleRule X, X, Book Book V,V, IRR)
IRR) Note:
Note: “No“No Union”Union” shallshall notnot bebe aa choicechoice inin thethe runrun‐‐off off election
election
(5)Re
(5)Re‐‐runrunElectionElection Q:
Q: WhenWhen doesdoes ReRe
‐‐
runrun ElectionElection taketake place?place? A:A: 1.1. If If oneone choicechoice receivesreceives aa pluralityplurality of of thethe vote
vote andand thethe remainingremaining choiceschoices resultsresults inin aa tie;
tie; oror 2.
2. If If allall choiceschoices receivedreceived thethe samesame numbernumber of
of votes.votes. Note:
Note: InIn bothboth instances,instances, thethe nono unionunion isis alsoalso aa choice.choice. (5)Consent
(5)ConsentElectionElection
Q:
Q: WhatWhat isis aa consentconsent election?election? A:
A: AnAn electionelection voluntarilyvoluntarily agreedagreed uponupon byby thethe parties,
parties, withwith oror withoutwithout thethe interventionintervention byby DOLE.DOLE. (Sec.1
(Sec.1 [h],[h], RuleRule I,I, Book Book V,V, IRR)IRR) Note:
Note: ToTo affordafford anan individualindividual employeeemployee‐‐votervoter anan informed
informed choicechoice wherewhere aa local/chapterlocal/chapter isis thethe petitioning
petitioning union,union, thethe local/chapterlocal/chapter shallshall securesecure itsits certificate
certificate of of creationcreation at at least least 55 workingworking daysdays beforebefore the
the datedate of of thethe consentconsent election.election. ((Sec.1,Sec.1, RuleRule VIII,VIII, Book Book V,
V, IRRIRR asas amended amended by by DODO 4040‐‐F F ‐‐0303))
Q:
Q: WhatWhat areare thethe requisitesrequisites beforebefore aa laborlabor unionunion can
can bebe declareddeclared aa winnerwinner (double(double majoritymajority rule)?rule)? A
A:: 1.
1. MajorityMajority of of thethe eligibleeligible votersvoters castcast theirtheir votes.
votes. 2.
2. MajorityMajority of of thethe validvalid votesvotes castcast isis forfor suchsuch union.
union. Q:
Q: HowHow toto determinedetermine thethe doubledouble majoritymajority rule?rule? A:
A: 1.
1. InIn determiningdetermining thethe eligibleeligible votesvotes castcast (first (first majority)
majority) includeinclude spoiledspoiled ballotsballots 2.
2. InIn determiningdetermining validvalid votesvotes (second (second majority),
majority), eliminateeliminate spoiledspoiled ballotsballots butbut included
