Nortan_IMTP

(1)

Norton Chemical Process

Pr

Products

oducts Corporation

Corporation

High-Performance

Random Packing

(2)

A t N orton C hem ical P rocess P rod ucts C orporation, an Intalox® _H

igh-P erform ance S ystem is an entire packed tow er — a tow er w hich contains w ell-m atched com po nents for optim al distillation, absorption or stripping perform ance. W e call our high-perform ance system sINTALOX because this w ell-respected trad e-m ark rep resents the p red ictab le and reliab le p erform ance of thousands of N orton-packed tow ers in service w orldw ide.

In every Intalox H igh-P erform ance S ystem , you w ill find a superior N orton tow er packing and a carefully selected liquid and/or vapor distribu-tor, engineered to assure sp ecific distribution levels.

IMTP ® _{High-Performance}

Random Packing

 P rovides greater cap acity and

efficiency than fractionation trays and other rand om packings.

 Exhibits ap proxim ately 40 % low er

pressure d rop than eq ual-sized pall rings.

 M inim izes liquid residence tim e

through low liquid hold-up.

 Q uickly installed; requires m inim al

changes in existing vessels; struc-tural strength allow s p acking dep ths up to 15 m (50 ft) or m ore.

Intalox ®

High-Performance Structured Packing (B ulletin IS P -2)

 P rovides m axim um pred ictab le

fractionation efficiencies.

C om bines high cap acity and low

pressure d rop per theoretical stag e.

Features a unique doub le-corrug

at-ed sheet co nstruction.

P aten ted sheet surface texturing

im proves separation efficiency. Intalox ® _Snowflake ® _{High-Performance}

Plastic Packing (B ulletin IS P P -1R )

O ptim izes ab sorption and stripping

tow ers.

C om bines high cap acity w ith h igh

efficiency in one p acking size.

P rovides low er pressure drop than

90 m m (3.5 in.) plastic packing s.

Exhibits greater efficiency than other

38 m m (1.5 in.) plastic packing s. Intalox ® _{Liquid and Vapor Distributors}

(B ulletin TIG -1)

 Each d esign is based on N orton’s

rating system for quantifying distrib-ution uniform ity.

 W ith Intalox d istributors, packing

perform ance is ind ep endent of tow er diam eter and bed depth.

Intalox distributors are essential in

tow ers req uiring m any stag es w ith low H ETP.

Intalox d istributors are available in

pan-type, deck-type and troug h-type construction.

Other Norton mass transfe r products Hy-Contact™ _{Fractionation Trays}

(B ulletin FT-2)

 Valve, sieve and bubblecap trays.  S tandard o r cartridge assem bly.

Ceramic, Plastic and Metal Random Packings (B ulletins C TP -1, P TP -1 and M TP-1)

 S ad dles, pall ring s and R aschig

rings.

 A sso ciated tow er internals.

Grid-Type Packing (B ulletin IG -1)

 P rovides great structured stren gth

and fouling resistance.

Liquid/Liquid Extraction Tower Internals (B ulletin TIG -1)

 Feed pipes and dispersion plates to

acco m pany various p ackings. Denstone ® _{Catalyst Bed Support Media}

(B ulletin D EN -1)

 A vailable in a variety of sizes and

ceram ic m aterials.

(3)

IM TP packing is applicable in as broad a range o f services as any m ass transfer device. It is h eavily used in distillation tow ers — from deep vacuum tow ers, w here its low pres-sure drop is crucial, to high-prespres-sure tow ers, w here its capacity easily sur-passes that of trays. M any ab sorption and stripping tow ers, esp ecially those aim ing for high cap acity or m any stag es, rely on IM TP packing. The low pressure drop of IM TP packing con-tributes to its success in heat transfer tow ers, such as olefin plant quench colum ns.

To provide insight into the high-perform an ce operating ch aracteristics of IM TP packing , consider the pack-ing perform ance curve.

In a distillation system , uniform liquid and vapor distribution causes the H ETP to b e nearly ind ependent of liquid an d vapor rates. A t high vap or rates, how ever, the packing exhibits a region of im proved efficiency (low H ETP ) w here high vapor turbulence influences the liquid surfaces and im proves the m ass transfer.

N orton d efines tw o p acking prop er-ties from a p erform ance curve:

1.The S ystem B ase H ETP of a pack-ing, w hich is the flat H ETP value produced by uniform distribution. 2.The Efficien t C ap acity of a p acking,

w hich is the g reatest vapor rate at w hich the packing still m aintains the System B ase H ETP.

S ince E fficient C apacity is not the sam e as the hyd raulic capacity or flood point, N orton rates packing s b y percent of Efficient C apacity rather than by p ercent of flood.

The System B ase H ETP concept raises im portant questions:

 W hat is the S ystem B ase H ET P of a

packing in a given system ? (S ee p age 6).

 H ow m uch does liquid distribution

quality affect H ETP ? (S ee page 1 1)

 W hich liquid distributors should be

chosen to m ake a tow er perform near its S ystem B ase H ETP ? C onsult the Tow er Internals G uide, TIG -1.

IMTP Packing Performance.

IMTP Packing Performance Under Uniform Liquid and Vapor Distribution

H E T P ( H e i g h t E q u i v a l e n t t o a T h e o r e t i c a l P l a t e ) Vapor Rate F _l o o d P o i n _t E _{f f i c} i e n t _C a p a c _i t y S y s t e _m B a s _e H E T P Materials of Construction

IM TP packing can be fabricated from alm ost any m etal. Exam ples of available m etals are:

C arbo n steel S tainless steel H igh-alloy steels D uplex steels

N ickel and nickel alloys Copper

A lum inum Titanium Zirconium

IMTP Packing Sizes Available

IM TP packing is available in six sizes. From sm allest to largest, the sizes are num bered 15 , 25 , 40 , 50 , 60 and 70 . The sm all sizes exhibit the best efficiency, w hereas the large sizes exhibit the greatest capacity and low est pressure d rop.

(4)

The E fficien t C ap acity of IM TP packing in a non-foam ing system can be estim ated as:

IMTP Packing Capacity.

No. 60 C o - m / s 0.20 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 Capacity Correlation Flow Parameter, X C o - f t / s 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.80 1.00 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

No. 15 No. 25 No. 40 No. 50

No. 70

5 ≤≤73

0.07 ≤ ≤1.1

D a

t a R

a n g

e

N orton routinely d esigns tow ers up to 90% of Efficient C apacity. This lim it leaves an estim ated 11 % turn-up before the packing loses its d esign efficiency. Efficient C apacity, C_{S C} _{= C o}



_ 2  0 



0.16



₀_.2



–0.11

Nomenclature and Definitions L - Liqu id m ass rate G - G as m ass rate

 L - Liquid density

 G - G as density

V - Superficial gas velocity, m /s o r ft/s

X - G L 



  



G L 



Flow param eter

C_s - V



_







L  



G 



G m /s or ft/s

 - Surface tension, dyne/cm  - Liquid viscosity, cp

(5)

Th e pressure drop o f IM TP packing in non-foam ing system s can be

estim ated by the follow ing G eneralized P ressure D rop C orrelation.

IMTP Packing Pressure Drop.

Flow Parameter, X Y = F • C s 2 •  0 . 1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.

Generalized Pressure Drop Correlation

1.0 ( 8 3 ) 0.05 (4) 0.10 (8) 0.25 (21) 0.50 ( 42) 1.5 ( 12 5 )

Values of Pressure Drop P aram eter of curves is pres-sure d rop in inches of w ater per foot. Figures show n in parentheses are m m of w ater per m eter of packed height.

N o. 15 54 9 51 N o. 25 44 1 41 N o. 40 25 8 24 N o. 50 19 4 18 N o. 60 17 2 16 N o. 70 12 9 12 Value of Packing Factor F

(Average Values)

I M T

P P

a c k

i n g

S i z

e

F w

h e n

C s

i n m

/ s

F w

h e n

C s

i n f

t / s

L i q

u i d

R a

t e L

i m i

t a t

i o n

₃₄ 14 73 30 12 2 50 12 2 50 12 2 50 12 2 50

m

3

/ h •

m

2

g p m

/ f t

2 = 1.87 m m H g/ft = 6.15 m m H g/m = 817 P a/m

1. 0

i n.

w a

t e r

/ f t

Norto n’s Packed Tow er Design Program em ploys different values of Packing Factor F for d ifferent liquid rates. Average values show n should not b e used above the liquid rate limit. For liquid rates ab ove the limit, use the rating program or co ntact Norton for an app ropriate F value.

(6)

The efficiency of packing in m ost distillation tow ers is exp ressed as H ETP, or height eq uivalen t to a theoretical plate.

The m ass transfer efficiency of all m ass transfer devices is system properties dep endent. S ystem

properties that affect the efficiency are liquid viscosity and surface tension. The efficiency of a packed system also dep ends on the uniform ity of liquid and vapor distribution.

The concept of S ystem B ase H ET P assum es that a specific separation receives uniform liquid an d vapor distribution. This concept is useful because it iso lates the system ’s effect on H ETP aw ay from the distribution co nsiderations.

A s a first approach in projecting H ETP values, N orton has d evelop ed a co rrelation for estim ating H ETP from the system properties. It is d esirable to confirm the projected H ETP values w ith test data in co lum ns having uniform vapor and liquid distribution in the sam e system or a system having very sim ilar properties. N orton has an extensive b ank of operating data from a w ide variety of system s and can provide referen ce data to co nfirm final H ETP values up on request.

The efficiency correlation applies to system s w hich (a) are non -aqueou s, (b) are non-reacting and non-ionizing, and (c) have low relative vo latility (less than three).

In these system s, the S ystem B ase H ETP of IM TP packing for distillation an d reboiled stripping services can be estim ated by:

The p acking efficiency in o ther services or other system s m ust be estim ated by other m etho ds.

N on-un iform liquid and vap or distribution w ill cause actual H ETP values to be substantially greater than the S ystem B ase H ETP value.

H ow ever, com m ercial tow ers w ith proper liquid and vapor distribution co nsistently ap proach the S ystem B ase H ETP w ithin 1 3% . Fo r this rea-son, N orton designs often use H ETP values 13% abo ve the S ystem

B ase H ETP.

W hat rep resents p roper liquid distribution for a com m ercial tow er? In tow ers requiring few theoretical stages, traditional distributors can app roach the S ystem B ase H ET P value. C onversely, in tow ers requiring m any theo retical stag es N orton Intalox d istributors are required to app roach the S ystem B ase H ET P value.

With Norton Intalox liquid distributors, the HETP of IMTP packing is independent of tower diameter and packing d epth.

IMTP Packing Efficiency.

N o. 15 27 2 10.7 29 6 11.7 N o. 25 33 0 13.0 36 6 14.4 N o. 40 40 1 15.8 43 9 17.3 N o. 50 52 6 20.7 57 9 22.8 N o. 60 61 6 24.2 67 8 26.7 N o. 70 75 8 29.9 82 7 32.6 Values of A and B

I M T

P P

a c k

i n g

S i z

e

A -

m m

A -

i n.

B -

m m

B -

i n.

R elative Volatility < 3 If > 27, use  = 27

C o

r r e l

a t i o

n L

i m i

t s

2.0 ≤≤ 26.6 0.06 ≤≤ 0.83

D a

t a R

a n g

e

 - S urface tension, dyne/cm  - Liquid viscosity, cp

System B ase H ETP = A



_ 2  0 



–0.16 (1.78)for_≤ 0.4 cp or

System B ase H ETP = B



_ 2  0 



–0.19



₀_.2



0.21 for_ > 0.4 cp

(7)

The p erform ance o f a m ass transfer device is typically m easured by com -paring its capacity and efficiency. A n effective device w ill allow a high

throughput capacity for a g iven level of efficiency. In vacuum service, the pressure d rop of the d evice is also a m easure of its perform ance.

IMTP packing has greater capacity and efficiency than trays, as illus-trated by the following charts.

Comparison of IMTP Packing to Other Mass Transfer Devices.

Comparison at Flow Parameter X = 0. 028

100 mm Hg Hydrocarbon Distillation

0.03 0.10 0.060.20 0.090.30 0.120.40 0.15 m/s0.50 ft/s 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 2 Capacity Cs

6 0 %

e f f i

c i e

n t s

i e v

e

t r a

y s

a t v

a r i o

u s

s p a

c i n

g s,

m m

(

i n. )

E f f i c _i e n c y a s s t a g e s p e_r 9 ₁ 5 0 m m ( 3 0 _. 0 f t _. ) t _r a y s o r 7 9 2 0 m m ( ₂ 6 _. 0 f t _. ) p a c k i n g

I M T

P P

a c k

i n g

N o. 25 N o. 40 N o. 50 N o. 70 (24) (36) (30) (18) 45 7 762 914 61 0 N o. 60

25 mm (1 in. ) Packings

Typ ical P ressure D rop R elationship Typica l C ap acity R elationship 1.39 1.0 0.61 0.85 1.0 1.14 C I S M P R I M T P C I S M P R I M T P

50 mm (2 in. ) Packings

1.47 1.0 0.58 0.82 1.0 1.10

Typ ical P ressure D rop R elationship Typica l C ap acity R elationship C I S M P R I M T P C I S M P R I M T P 0.015 0.05

Comparison at Flow Parameter X = 0 . 69

14. 7 bar (210 PSIA) FCC Deethanizing Stripper

0.030 0.10 0.0450.15 0.0600.20 0.075 m/s0.25 ft/ s 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Capacity Cs

I M T

P P

a c k

i n g

6 0 %

e f f i

c i e

n t v

a l v

e

t r a

y s

a t v

a r i o

u s

s p a

c i n

g s,

m m

(

i n. )

E f f i c _i e_n c y a s s t a g e s p e_r 9 ₁ 5 0 m m ( 3 0 . 0 f t _. ) t _r a y s o r 7 9 ₂ 0 m m ( ₂ 6 _. 0 f t _. ) p a c _k i n g N o. 25 N o. 40 N o. 50 N o. 70 (21) (30) (24) (18 ) 45 7 610 76 2 53 3 N o. 60

IMTP packing out performs other random dumped pack ings, as shown below.

CIS = Ceramic Intalox Saddle

MPR = Metal Pall Ring

(8)

Statement of Problem :

A deep bed of N o. 50 IM TP packing is to be used in a 2 438 m m (96 in.) ID 11.0 bar ga (160 psig) hyd rocarbon stripper. R ate the packing capacity and estim ate its p ressure drop

under the follow ing hydrau lic loadings.

Liquid R ate - 244,940 kg/hr (540,000 lb/hr) Liquid D ensity - 544.6 kg/m3 (34.0 lb/ft3₎ Liquid Viscosity - 0.25 cp Vapor R ate - 76 ,20 0 kg /hr (168,000 lb/hr) Vap or D ensity - 22.4 kg/m3 (1.40 lb/ft3₎

S urface Tension - 10.5 dyne/cm

Design Example.

The sequence of calculation is: Metric English

1. Tow er C ross-Sectional A rea A =



_

4



D

2

2. S uperficial Vapor Velocity

V =

_

 G G •A



3. C ap acity Factor, C s (see p g. 4)

4. Flow P aram eter, X (see p g. 4)

5. K inem atic V iscosity

 = / ( L, g/cm 3) 6. Efficient C apacity, C sc (see p g. 4) 7. C ap acity R ating _C C s s c  8. O rdinate Value (see p g. 5) 9. P ressure D rop (see p g. 5) A = (0.785 4)(2.438)2 = 4.668 m 2 V = = 0.2024 m /s C s = 0.2024



_

_{54 4}2_.62

_

_-.4_22.4



0.5 = 0.0419 m /s X =

_

2 7 4 6 4 2 9 0 4 0 0



₅ 2 4 2 4 .4 .6





0.5 = 0.652  = 0.25

/



_

5 1 4 0 4 0 . 0 6





= 0.46 cs C sc = (0.061)



1 2 0 0 .5





0.16



0 0 .2 .2 5





–0.11 = 0 .053 7 m /s



0 0 . . 0 0 4 5 1 3 9 7





= 78% C apacity Y = (194 )(0.0419 )2 _(0.46)0.1 _{= 0 .31 5} P = 14 m m H2O /m A = (0.7854)(8.0)2 = 50.27 ft2 V = = 0.6631 ft/s C s = 0.6631



_{34 .} 1 0 . -4 1 0 .40





0.5 = 0.1374 ft/s X =

_

5 1 4 6 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0



1 3 . 4 4 . 0 0





0.5 = 0.652  = 0.25

/



3 6 4 2 . . 0 4





= 0.46 cs C sc = (0.20)



1 2 0 0 .5





0.16



0 0 .2 .2 5





–0.11 = 0.1760 ft/s



0 0 . . 1 1 3 7 7 6 4 0





= 78% C apacity Y = (18)(0.137 4)2 _(0.46)0.1 _{= 0.314} P = 0.17 in. H2O /ft 76200



(22.4)(4.668)(3600) 168000



(1.40)(50.27)(3600)

Pressure Drop Estimation: Capacity Rating:

(9)

Question:

A gas plant deethanizer co ntains three b ed s of IM TP packing and Intalox distributors. Five sets of operating d ata w ere analyzed to ob tain m easured H ETP values as tab ulated below . Is the d eethan izer packing perform ing as it should?

Analysis:

The averag e surface tension value in the rectifying section is 3.0 dyne/cm , and the averag e viscosity is 0.065 cp . B y the co rrelation on pag e 6, the S ystem B ase H ETP of N o. 25 IM TP packing in the rectifying section is:

S im ilarly, the S ystem B ase H ETP of N o. 50 IM TP packing in the stripping section is:

Case Stud y.

System B ase H ETP = 330



_3 2 . 0 0 



–0.16 (1.78)0.065_{= 46 4 m m} or S ystem B ase H ETP = 13.0



_3

2 . 0 0 



–0.16 (1.78)0.065_{= 18.3 in.}

System B ase H ETP = 526



_2 2 . 0 6 



–0.16 (1.78)0.065 _{= 75 7 m m} or S ystem B ase H ETP = 20.7



_2

2 . 0 6 



–0.16 (1.78)0.065_{= 29.8 in.} R ectifying 4140 13 '7" N o. 25 2.5 - 3.5 0.06 - 0.07 8.6 48 1 19.0 S tripping 7087 & 7772 23 '3" & 25 '6" N o. 50 1.2 - 4.0 0.05 - 0.08 19.6 75 8 29.8 Operating Data

T o w

e r S

e c t

i o n

B e

d D

e p t

h s

- m

m

B e

d D

e p t

h s

- f t

I M T

P S

i z e

S u

r f a

c e

T e n

s i o

n -

d y n

e / c

m

L i q

u i d

V i s

c o s

i t y

- c

p

S t a

g e

C o

u n t

M e

a s u

r e d

H E

T P

- m

m

M e

a s u

r e d

H E

T P

- i n

.

Conclusion:

M easured H ET P values should b e equal to, or slightly above, the

S ystem B ase H ETP values estim ated by the correlation. B ecause the deethanizer H ETP values are very close to the correlation values, w e conclude that the deethanizer’s packing is ach ieving the b est efficiency that can b e exp ected . R ectifying 48 1 46 4 S tripping 75 8 75 7 Data Summary

T o w

e r S

e c t

i o n

M e

a s u

r e d

H E

T P

- i n

.

S y s

t e m

B a

s e

H E

T P

- i n

.

M e

a s u

r e d

H E

T P

- m

m

S y s

t e m

B a

s e

H E

T P

- m

m

19.0 18.3 29.8 29.8

(10)

Liquid Distribution Quality

M any researchers in the distillation field have proven that uniform liquid distribution over tow er packing is im perative for developing the full effi-ciency o f the packing. This concept, ho w ever, poses questions concerning liquid distribution devices:

How can d istribution uniformity or distribution q uality be analyzed to quant ify the degree of uniformity?

What d egree of uniformity is required for a comm ercial packed tow er to perform sat isfactorily?

N orton has d eveloped a d istributor rating system * for quantifying distribu-tion uniform ity. W e rate distribudistribu-tion quality as a p ercentage, w here 1 00% quality indicates ideal uniform distribu-tion and 0% indicates a significant portion o f packing is receiving no liquid at all.

The significance o f Norto n’s

distribution q uality rating system is that the rating correlates to tow er performance.

N orton has found that tow ers w ith deep bed s o f high-efficiency packing are sensitive to liquid distribution qual-ity. C onversely, tow ers w ith shallow beds o f traditional packing are less sensitive to distribution quality.

*Norton’s distributo r rating system was presented in the paper, “Liquid and G as Distribution in Comm ercial Packed Tow ers,” at the 36t h Canadian Chem ical Engineering Conference in Octo ber, 1986. The paper was also pub lished in CPP Edition Europe, August , 1987.

Liquid Distribution for Intalox Systems.

L i q u i d F e e d P i p e L i q u i d D i s t r i b u t o r B e d L i m i t e r P a c k i n g S u p p o r t P l a t e F l a s h G a l l e r y ( t w o - p h a s e f e e d s ) L i q u i d R e d i s t r i b u t o r B e d L i m i t e r P a c k i n g S u p p o r t P l a t e V a p o r D i s t r i b u t o r R e f l u x F e e d R e b o i l e r V a p o r

(11)

From N orton’s quantitative distributor rating system , N orton defines tw o cat-egories of liquid distributors:

Norton Intalox distributors are engineered for

 High purity product distillation services

 Distillation services operating close to minimum reflux

 Heat t ransfer services with close temperature approach

 Services with high stage count per bed

Norton traditional distribut ors are designed for t owers where fewer stages are required, or where achieving the System Base HETP of the packing is not critical. In these towers, a small amount of extra packing permits the use of a less expensive traditional distributor.

N orton Tow er Internals G uide

(TIG -1) presents a com plete d iscus-sion of liquid distribution as w ell as a co m plete sum m ary of availab le liquid and vap or distribution eq uipm ent.

When is distribution quality important?

20

16

12

4 8 Stages per Bed w ith System Base HETP

Distribut ion Quality, Percent

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 A c t u a l S t a g e s p e r B e d o f P a c k i n g

The effect of liquid distribution q uality on tower performance is shown by this c orrelation: N orton Intalox D istributors 90-100% quality

(12)

In addition to its high-quality

products, N orton o ffers a range o f services and technical exp ertise to its custom ers.

Software Availa ble.

N orton has develop ed tw o so ftw are packages for its custom ers: the P acked Tow er D esign P rogram and the Tow er Internals G uide and S election S oftw are P rogram .

The P acked Tow er D esign P rogram helps custom ers size their tow er and select the proper packing for optim al tow er perform ance. The p rog ram cal-culates pressure d rop, efficiency and capacity of N orton various packing s and provides data o n liquid ho ld-up.

The 50 -page Tow er Internals G uide brochure (TIG -1) features m odel descriptions and ap plication recom -m endation s for a w ide range of N orton m ass transfer products. Each description includes the m odel’s avail-ab le m aterials o f co nstruction an d optional features. The Tow er Internals S election S oftw are P rogram allow s the user to determ ine the ap propriate eq uipm ent based o n application requirem ents. Th e prog ram prom pts the u ser to enter application data includ ing tow er diam eter, tem pera-ture, liquid and/or gas flow rates, turndow n ratio and fouling tendency. G iven these characteristics, the p ro-gram specifies eq uipm ent for optim al perform ance.

Pilot Plant.

N orton’s pilot plant distillation

colum ns located in O hio are available for testing w ith custom er-supplied test system s. These tow ers p rovide inform ation on packing efficiency, capacity and pressure d rop in the custom er’s sp ecific system . N orton’s 38 7 m m (15 .25 in.) ID colum n can hold up to 6 m (20 ft) of random packing , structured packing or car-tridge trays. This tow er is constructed of 316L stainless steel and is rated for full vacuum to 400 psia. N orton also offers the use of its 762 m m (30 in.) atm ospheric ab sorber/stripper tow er of 304 stainless steel.

Distributor Test Stands.

In its U .S . and European m anufactur-ing locations, N orton provides flow dem onstrations o f finished liquid distributors up to 10 m (33 ft) in diam eter. D istributors are tested w ith circulating w ater w ith flow rates up to 910 m3_{/h (4,000 gpm ). Individual}

dis-tribution points or sets of disdis-tribution points can be m etered to assure all points o r areas are flow ing w ithin sp ecification. W henever po ssible, the tests em ploy the finished liquid feed pipe as w ell as the distributor. These tests provide final assurance that cus-tom er need s and N orton claim s of distribution quality have been m et in the finished product.

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Installation Services.

N orton provides field consultants to assist custom ers w ith the installation of N orton trays and packing s any-w here in the any-w orld. M any custom ers have averted m ajor prob lem s and saved significant tim e b y requesting on-site supervision of their projects. In the U .S ., N orton P rocess S ervices, Inc., a w ho lly-ow ned subsidiary o f N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts C orporation, offers full-service con-tracting for tow er m odifications and internal equipm ent installation.

Scanning Services.

N orton Tow er S olutionsSM _{S canning}

A nalysis provides gam m a scans of operating tow ers and interpretation of the results. A Tow er S olutions scan can diagno se prob lem s that can not be seen w hen the tow er is not operating. A scan is an effective tool to d iagnose prob lem s and prep are solution s in ad vance of a shutdow n for repairs o r m odification.

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W e at N orton C hem ical P rocess P roducts C orporation have a m ission to achieve and sustain a m arket leadership position in our core b usi-nesses: M ass Transfer and C atalytic P roducts. W e b elieve our long term success dep ends on o ur ab ility to deliver excellence in both perceived an d realized value o f our products and services to our custom ers. In o ur culture “Q uality in everything w e do”is the only accep tab le behavior.

The processes of C on tinuou s Im provem ent and Total Q uality M anagem ent are essential to o ur success. O ur philosophy is to im ple-m ent ple-m anageple-m ent systeple-m s w hich provide value an d satisfaction to our custom ers. O ur focus is d irected tow ard achieving and exceeding custom er expectations. W e w ill provide p roducts and services that are clearly o f a higher quality than tho se o f our co m petitors.

W e reco gnize that qu ality is a

never-ending process of im provem ent aim ing at co m plete cu stom er satisfac-tion and conform ance to their chang-ing req uirem en ts. W e w ill m aintain op en com m unications w ith o ur

custom ers to assure that their present and long term req uirem ents are our prim ary co nsideration.

W e w ill develop and sustain our quality system em phasizing total em ployee involvem ent, team w ork, collaboration, break-through thinking, judicious reso urce allocation, creative problem solving, co nstancy o f

purpose, and the determ ination to succeed .

Quality Policy Statement.

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts C orporation, w orldw ide headquarters, sales o ffices and m anufacturing facilities are certified for IS O 9001:1994.

N orton’s E uropean operation is approved and certified throug h B S I to IS O 9001:1994.

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Worldwide Hea dquarters

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts C orporation P.O . B ox 350 A kron, O H 4430 9-035 0 Telephone: 330 -673-5860 U .S . Toll Free: 1-888-N O R TO N -1 Fax: 33 0-67 7-72 45

Main Office Europe

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts Europ ean O perations

K ing S treet

Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent S T4 2 LT E ngland

Telep ho ne: (44 ) 17 82 -74 45 61 Fax: (44 ) 17 82 -74 43 30

Main Office Japan

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts N orton K K

7, K ojim achi 3-C hom e C hiyoda-K u Tokyo 102, Japan Telep ho ne: (81) 3-326 3-0096 Fax: (81) 3-3263-0097 Sales Offices Australia

N orton Engineering M aterials D ivision of N orton P ty. Ltd. N yrang S treet, P.O . B ox 44 Lidcom be, N S W , A ustralia 214 1 Telep ho ne: (61) 2-649-0161 Fax: (61) 2-643-2926

France

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts B P N o. 148

R ue d e L’A m bassadeur F-78 70 2 C onflans S t. H ono rine, France

Telep ho ne: (33) 1-3490-4000 Fax: (33) 1-3490-0788

Germany

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts Th eodor-H euss-P latz 1 1

P ostfach 1 0 11 51 D -4040 N euss 1 G erm any Telep ho ne: (49) 2131-15 7 4-0 Fax: (49 ) 21 31 -27 56 69 Holland

N orton C hem ical P rocess Prod ucts D adelgaarde 71 2723 B J Zoeterm eer N etherlands Telep ho ne: (31) 79 3 42 8 9 55 Fax: (31 ) 79 34 1 0 2 3 7 Mexico

N orton International, Inc.

A lejandro D um as #103 2 D o P iso C olonia P olanco M exico , D .F., C .P. 11590 M exico Telep ho ne: (52) 5-280-05-22 Fax: (52) 5-280 -06-47 Russia N orton R ussia O ffice 440 1 G agarina A venue

S aint P etersburg 19 61 05 R ussia Telep ho ne: (7) 812-294-8530 Fax: (7) 812-29 4-8572

United States

N orton C hem ical P rocess P rod ucts C orporation

450 1 E ast La P alm a A venue S uite 250

A naheim , C A 9280 7-1904 Telephone: 714 -97 0-30 00 Fax: 71 4-970-30 01

P.O . B ox 35 0

A kron, O H 443 09-035 0 Telephone: 330 -67 3-58 60 Fax: 33 0-677-72 45

N orton P rocess S ervices, Inc. 41 37 S . S herw oo d Forest B lvd. S uite 220

B aton R ouge, LA 708 16 Telephone 504 -29 2-18 95 Fax 504-292-1519

512 0 W ood w ay, S uite 900 0 H ouston, TX 77056 -1724 Telephone: 713 -62 7-76 67 Fax: 71 3-627-75 67

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Products Corporation P.O . B ox 35 0

A kron, O H 443 09-035 0 Telephone: 330 -67 3-58 60 Fax: 33 0-67 7-72 45

A Saint-Gobain Com pany

accurate and reliable, but is presented without guarantee or warranty on the part of Norton Chemical Process Products Corp oration. Further, nothing c ontained herein shall be taken as an inducement or recommendation to

manufac ture or use any of the herein described materials or proc esses in violation of existing or future patents.