Grammar Dimension 2

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Unit 1

Habits, Routines, and Facts

EXERCISE 1 (page 2) 1. understand, look up 2. want, write, try, look up 3. improve, ask, ask, worry 4. prefer

EXERCISE 2 (page 3)

Answers will vary. Possible answers are:

like/likes/don’t like/doesn’t like, prefer/prefers, study/studies, memorize/memorizes; read/reads, etc.

It is impossible to predict answers here, as they will obviously depend on students’ own experiences.

EXERCISE 4 (page 4) Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 5 (page 5-6) Step 1

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1: use computers

2: work in groups

3: raise your hand, ask questions, answer questions 4: sit in rows, take notes, listen carefully

Step 2 A. 4 B. 2 C. 1 D. 3 Step 3

Answers will vary. Sample responses:

Students in my country rarely work in groups.

Students in my country don’t have access to computers. Students in my country sit in rows and listen to the teacher.

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EXERCISE 6 (page 7) Step 1

Answers will vary. Step 2

Answers will vary. Depending on the cultural backgrounds of your students, possible answers may include:

Teachers in my country hardly ever talk to students outside of class. Students in my country never ask questions in class. Teachers in this country usually give homework. Students in this country sometimes call their teachers by their first names. Teachers in my country stand in front of the class.

EXERCISE 7 (pages 8-9) Step 2 2. a businessperson 3. a police officer 4. a bartender 5. a bus driver

6. a student (or teacher)

7. a restaurant server (or waitress) 8. teacher (or student)

Step 3

Answers will vary. Possible answers include:

an administrative assistant: They work in offices. They answer telephones, type letters, and make appointments for their bosses. They are usually very organized people. an architect: She plans buildings where people work or live. She is good at math and drawing.

Step 4

#13 and #14 depend on what occupations students list. Step 5

Answers will vary.

Some answers may vary. Possible answers include: 2) walk/run/jog 3) do, do 4) take 5) ride 6) play/watch 7) do, do 8) stay 9) read 10) watch

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11) drive 12) swims/surfs 13) swim 14) sit/stay/lie 15) meet/call/visit 16) don’t go/belong 17) dance 18) likes EXERCISE 9 (page 10) Answers will vary

EXERCISE 10 (page 11) Step 1

(from left to right) bat, bear, spider, elephant, swan, horse, antelope, scorpion Step 2 and 3

Horses sleep standing up. Bats use their ears to “see”. Scorpions have twelve eyes. Elephants sometimes go for four days without water. Swans stay with the same mates all their lives. Antelopes run at 70 miles per hour. Bears sleep during the winter months. Spiders live for about two years.

Activity 1 – Speaking/listening Answers will vary.

Activity 4 – Listening

Speaker 1: Halloween/ makes, go around, give, dress up, decorate Speaker 2: Thanksgiving/ gets together, have, eats, don’t give Speaker 3: Valentine’s Day/ gets, don’t get

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Unit 2

Present and Progressive and Simple Present: Actions and States

Opening Task Step 2:

Differences between Pictures A and B:

1. The woman on the left is talking on the phone and holding some papers/her hand is on the desk.

2. The woman on the left is smiling/not smiling.

3. Man reading the newspaper at desk on left is wearing/not wearing a suit jacket. 4. Man at file cabinets is wearing a gray suit/a dark brown suit.

5. The woman at the front desk is opening/writing a letter. 6. Receptionist is talking on the phone/to a visitor.

7. Man with red tie is writing a letter/drinking coffee. He isn’t/is wearing glasses. 8. Woman at desk on right is reading/typing.

9. The man at the back desk is sitting and writing/is standing and holding files next to the woman in green.

10. Man on the couch is talking on his cell phone/is reading a newspaper.

EXERCISE 1 (page 20) 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F EXERCISE 2 (page 21) Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 3 (page 23) 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a

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EXERCISE 4 (page 24) 2) are/you doing 3) am studying 4) am taking/am working 5) speak/am having 6) Do/have 7) do/finish 8) don’t get EXERCISE 5 (page 25) 2. I hear you

3. Know what I mean? 4. I love you

5. I don’t think so 6. I don’t know 7. Believe it or not 8. You are welcome

Verbs That Express Emotions and Feelings

Verbs That Express Senses and Perceptions

Verbs That Express Cognition: Knowledge, Thoughts, and Beliefs

love mean

hear think

know

believe

Which verb does not fit these categories?: Are welcome

EXERCISE 6 (page 26) 2) own 3) are using 4) give 5) feel 6) are becoming 7) send 8) think 9) don’t have 10) are talking 11) do/understand

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EXERCISE 7 (pages 28-29)

Note: not every number requires an answer. 2. sits; is/’s sitting

3. does not/doesn’t know 5. are spending

6. do you think; is/’s thinking 7. smell

9. have

10. are/’re studying 11. Do you like; love 12. is/’s having; has 13. think; is/’s taking 14. Do take; walk 15. Do you like; hate 16. do not/don’t see 18. does she own 19. weighs 20. am/’m having 21. is/’s taking; takes 22. are having

24. is/’s writing; writes 25. love

26. is/’s tasting; tastes 28. is/’s bleeding

Activity 1 – Listening/writing

Simple present: keep, prepare, have, learn, come, do, is, need

Present progressive: going on, filling out, practicing, using, doing, checking

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Unit 3

Talking About the Future: Be Going To and Will

Opening Task Step 2 and 3

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: Steve will be friends with many different people. He will be successful.

Pam will have a few close friends. She will achieve all her goals.

EXERCISE 2 (pages 37-38) Answers will vary.

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 2. will

3. is/’s going to

4. will/are going to ; will/are going to 5. will/’ll/are going to

6. is/’s going to 7. will/’ll 8. will

EXERCISE 5 (page 40) A: (2) B: (3) A: (5) A: (6) B: (8)

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Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 2) will

3) is going to 4) will 5) will 6) will

7) are you going to 8) am going to 9) will 10) will 11) will not/won’t 12) will/’ll EXERCISE 7 (page 42)

2. (I’ve decided) I’m going to major in music next year. 3. I’ll bring…to the potluck (if you think that sounds good). 4. I’ll (be sure to) bring the car back by 9:00.

5. (It looks like) your books are going to fall out of your backpack.

6. I’m going to go to class today, so I’ll take notes for you (if you’d like). 7. (Watch out! Slow down or) you’ll/you’re going to hit that little boy! 8. I’m going to go to Swan Lake.

9. I’ll do them later. (I’ve got to go help my friend). 10. You will/You’re going to…

Activity 4 – Speaking/listening

Check audio script on page S-1 of the book for answers.

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Unit 4

Asking Questions: Yes/No, Wh-, Tag, and Choice Questions Opening Task

Step 1

Possible answers include: How do you spell…? How do you say…? What does…mean?

What is the past form of…? What is the opposite of…? Step 2

Possible questions include: What is your name?

What is your job? What do you do? What food do you like?

When did you start teaching at South City College?

Where are you from? Where were you born? Where do you teach? Where do you live? Do you like cycling? Do you teach ESL?

How many children do you have?

You’re a teacher, aren’t you? You’re from Venezuela, aren’t you? You teach ESL, don’t you? You like jogging, don’t you?

Why did you come to South City College? Why do you like teaching? Can you cycle? Can you speak Spanish?

Did you finish your Masters degree?

Are you married? Are you planning a study trip with your students?

1) Does she live alone/go to school/have a car/have a job 2) Does she smoke/go to school/have a car

3) What time does she usually go to sleep 4) Do you see her very often

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5) Where does her family live

6) How often does she talk with them 7) Is she married

8) Was she ever married 9) When did she get divorced

10) Do you think she’d be interested in going out with me

For numbers 10, 11, and 16, answers will vary. The other answers are likely: 1. What is your name?

2. Where are you from?

3. How many languages do you speak? 4. What languages do you speak? 5. Where were you born?

6. How many sisters and brothers do you have? 7. What were your favorite subjects in school? 8. Why are you taking this class?

9. What do you like to do in your free time?

10. What are your favorite (foods/sports/movies, etc.)? 11. See Question 10

12. What surprised you when you first came here? 13. What do you hope to do after you finish school? 14. What makes you happy?

15. What makes you angry?

16. What is the one more think you’d like to tell me?

1) Where are you going for your next vacation? 2) Have you been to Borneo before?

3) What interests you about Borneo (Or: Why do you want to go there?) 4) Who are you going with?

5) Where/When did you meet them?

6) What equipment are you taking with you? 7) What worries you most about the trip? 8) When are you leaving?

9) How long does the journey take?

10) What time do you/does the flight leave?

EXERCISE 6 (page 57) 1) How much did it cost? ↗ 2) What’s the movie about? ↘ (3) How long is it? ↘

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(4) Where did you see it/ Where was it playing? ↘ (5) How much was the ticket?/How much did it cost? ↘ (6) How much? ↗

EXERCISE 8 (page 59) 1. G 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. E 6. D 7. B EXERCISE 9 (page 61) 1. aren’t you 2. aren’t they 3. will you 4. are they 5. don’t you 6. isn’t it 7. didn’t you 8. do you 9. can’t they 10. don’t you 11. aren’t there 12. won’t we EXERCISE 10 (page 62) Question Tags: A) isn’t it b) didn’t we C) won’t you E) doesn’t he K) will you L) didn’t you M) is it Q) does he

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4. J 5. M 6. R 7. Q 8. N 10. B 11. I 12. L 13. O 14. F 15. C 16. H 17. K 18. D EXERCISE 11 (page 63)

Answers will vary depending on how sure the speaker is of the information.

Refer to the page 63 Lesson Plan for questions. Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 13 (page 64) 1. (a) No

2. (a) Yes (b)Yes, you are. 3. (a) No

4. (a) No

5. (a) Yes (b) Yes, you are. 6. (a) No

7. (a) Yes (b) Yes, you are.

EXERCISE 14 (page 64) Answers will vary

Actual Questions: Is this Lisa Harman? Do you speak any foreign languages? Right now you’re teaching at Perry College aren’t you? Where do your students come from? How long do they stay? What did you do before this job? Did you teach business English there too? When was this, when did you work there?

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Unit 5

Modals of Probability and Possibility: Could, May, Might, Must, Couldn’t, and Can’t

Opening Task Step 1

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: The owner’s name must be Chris Murray. His sex must be male.

He might be middle-aged or older. He must be married.

He might be a businessman. He might be learning Japanese. He must like sports (golf, tennis). He could like the movies.

He could like chess.

He might like opera and theatre. He must be planning a trip to Japan. He visited Paris for a business meeting. He ate at a French restaurant.

He stayed at a hotel in Paris. He must like to travel.

EXERCISE 1 (page 73) 1. could 2. might 3. may 4. must 5. likes 6. could 7. might 8. may 9. must 10. isn’t 11. is EXERCISE 2 (page 75)

Answers will vary depending on the inferences students made in the Opening Task.

Answers may vary. Possible answers include: 1) might be/may be

2) might/may

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3) might/may not 4) might/may 5) might/may not be 6) might/may

Answers are completely dependent on the inferences the students made in the Opening Task.

Answers will vary. The choice of modal depends on the speaker’s certainty. Possible answers include:

1. He must have lost something. He may have lost his watch or his key. 2. The car must have crashed into the bicycle.

3. There might have been a robbery. 4. There might have been an accident.

5. The man might have just proposed to her. She must have gotten a surprise birthday gift.

6. He must have left his key inside. He must have locked himself out.

7. He must have forgotten his umbrella. He might have left his umbrella at home or at work.

Answers will vary, depending on what students said in Exercise 5.

Answers will vary but the most likely theory is:

The victim knew the murderer well (no sign of forced entry) and may have drunk wine with him or her in her room. The full wine glass suggests that the murderer may have drugged or poisoned the victim by putting something in the wine. The murderer didn’t drink from the other glass because he or she knew it was poisoned. The murderer may have long, blond hair and might have worn a shirt or jacket with white buttons. They must have fought or struggled violently at around 11:30 (button, hair, smashed watch). After killing the victim, the murderer might have searched for information or documents in her desk, but he or she must not have found them or might have had to leave before finding what he or she was looking for. The murderer must have left the house by the victim’s window. (The doors were locked from the inside.)

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EXERCISE 10 (pages 82-83) 1. might be

2. must 3. might take 4. must have left 5. may have

6. is probably going to 7. might have

8. must have been 9. might

10. must have gone 11. must have 12. may have lost 13. could be 14. must be taking 15. may have 16. must be 17. couldn’t have 18. might EXERCISE 11 (page 83)

Answers are dependent on the inferences students made in the Opening Task

Activity 4 – Listening Step 1 Speaker 1: 1) A 2) D 3) E 4) C 5) B Speaker 2: 1) B 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) E Step 2

Check audio script on LP page S-Z for answers

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Unit 6

Past Progressive and Simple Past with Time Clauses: When, While, and As Soon As Opening Task 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. T

Solution: Mrs. Meyer killed her husband. She entered the bathroom while he was brushing his teeth, and she hit him over the head with the bathroom scale. Then she turned on the shower and put soap on the floor. How do we know this?

-From the toothbrush: He was brushing his teeth, not walking out of the shower. -From the soap: It was not possible to slip in this position.

-From the bathroom scale: The scale does not indicate zero.

EXERCISE 1 (page 90) Answers will vary

Answer will vary. Possible answers include:

According to Mrs. Meyer, on the night of his death, her husband was crossing/walking across the bathroom floor when he slipped on a piece of soap, hit his head, and died. However, Detective Phil Fork and his colleagues have a different theory about how Mr. Meyer died. According to them, somebody killed him while he was brushing his teeth.

2. she placed a bar of soap on the bathroom floor. 3. he rushed to the Meyer’s house.

4. Mrs. Meyer took him to the scene of the crime. 5. he became suspicious of Mrs. Meyer’s story. 6. while he was brushing his teeth.

7. she said that she was innocent.

8. while the police were taking her to jail.

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EXERCISE 4 (page 93) 2. While 3. As soon as 4. When 5. While 6. while 7. When 8. while EXERCISE 5 (page 94)

See answer key for Exercises 3 and 4, LP page 92, for comma placement

EXERCISE 6 (page 95) 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. a EXERCISE 7 (pages 96-97)

2) He met Paul McCartney/ he was attending high school. 3) he was studying at art school, he formed the Beatles.

4) He was performing in clubs in Liverpool/ he signed his first recording contract 5) they were touring the United States, they were on The Ed Sullivan Show 6) He fell in love with Yoko Ono/ he was living in London.

7) was working for peace and writing new songs/ he died 8) one of his fans shot him/ he was leaving his apartment

EXERCISE 8 (page 93) 2. was growing up / had 3. was studying / realized

4. returned / found / were destroying 5. asked / told

6. worked / created 7. started / didn’t feel 8. attacked / was planting 9. arrested

10. received / made

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Activity 5 – Listening Step 1:

What was he/she doing?

What did he/she do?

Speaker Place

Speaker 1 at home in Florida sitting down to lunch sent a check to the Red Cross

Speaker 2 at a church in New York

clearing up after dinner asked his friends if they knew anyone over there

Speaker 3 at her parents’ house in California

getting ready to drive to her sister’s house

sent some money and some clothes

Step 2

Check audio script on page S-3 of this book for answers.

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Unit 7

Similarities and Differences: Comparatives, Superlatives, As…As, Not As…As

EXERCISE 1 (page 107) 2. er, T 3. er than, F 4. er than, F 5. than, F 6. the /est, T 7. er than, F 8. est /the/ est, T 9. the/ est/ the/ est, T 10. The/ est/ er than/ est, F

2. Susan is not as tall as Frank./Susan is shorter than Frank./Frank is taller than Susan. 3. Linda is almost/nearly/not quite/practically as tall as Diana.

4. Carla is not as tall as Linda./Linda is taller than Carla./Carla is shorter than Linda. 5. George is (both) older and taller than Susan.

6. Bob is almost/nearly/not quite/practically as tall as George. 7. Frank is almost/not quite/nearly/practically as old as George. 8. Diana is not as old as Linda./Diana is younger than Linda. 9. Frank is the tallest.

10. Linda is the oldest.

11. George is exactly as tall as Diana./Diana is exactly as tall as George.

EXERCISE 5 (page 111) 1. luckier than her sister 2. not as intelligent 3. better than Miriam’s 4. than her sister. 5. as her sister does. 6. as her sister’s 7. Miriam does. 8. than her sister is.

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9. luck is more important

2. Your factories are not (quite) as modern as ours. 3. Your workers are not (quite) as energetic as ours. 4. Your products are not (quite) as well known as ours. 5. Your advertising is not (quite) as effective as ours. 6. Your designs are not (quite) as up-to-date as ours. 7. Your production is not (quite) as fast as ours.

8. The quality of your product line is not (quite) as high as ours. 9. Your factories are not (quite) as clean as ours.

10. Your factories are not (quite) as safe as ours.

2. People in America do not eat dinner as late as they do in my country. 3. People in my country don’t eat as much fast food as they do here. 4. The food here in America is less expensive than it is in my country. 5. The people in my country don’t work as long hours as Americans do. 6. The people in my country can’t change jobs as easily as people here can. 7. The cities at home aren’t as clean as the cities here.

8. People in my country don’t drive as long distances as they do in America.

Activity 6 – Listening/speaking Step 2

You (sometimes) get a bigger expense account in a large company. You (sometimes) get paid better in a large company. You (sometimes) have to work harder in a large company. The managers/People are (sometimes) friendlier in a small company. The atmosphere is (sometimes) friendlier in a small company.

Step 3

Check audio script on LP page S-3 for answers.

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Unit 8

Measure Words and Quantifiers

one bottle of vinegar, one box of salt, one bag of sugar, one head of lettuce, one bag of flour, one jar of oil, one stick of butter, two tomatoes, one wedge of cheese, two cloves of garlic, five eggs, one bag of chocolate chips, one jar of mustard

Step 2

Salad Salad Dressing Chocolate Chip Cookies

lettuce mustard sugar

hard-boiled eggs salt salt

cheese vinegar chocolate chips

tomatoes Olive oil flour

garlic butter

eggs Step 3 and 4

Answers will vary.

Mustard (NC), sugar (NC), salt (NC), lettuce (NC), hard-boiled eggs (C), cheese (NC), vinegar (NC), chocolate chips (C), tomatoes (C), flour (NC), olive oil (NC), butter (NC), eggs (C), garlic (NC)

EXERCISE 3 (pages 126-128) Jim’s Super Salad:

a) head b) head c) slices d) pound e) cup of

Jim’s Super Salad Dressing: a) tablespoon of

b) tablespoon of c) tablespoon of d) teaspoon of

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e) teaspoon of f) cup of

Jim’s Granny’s Old Time Chocolate Chip Cookies: a) pound of b) cup of c) cup of d) cups of e) teaspoon of f) teaspoon of g) teaspoon of h) cups of EXERCISE 4 (page 128)

slices (of bacon), pound (of ground meat), cloves (of garlic), cups of (onion), teaspoon (of salt), tablespoons (of fresh herbs), cans/jars (of tomato sauce), dash (cayenne pepper)

EXERCISE 5 (page 130) 1. d 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. d EXERCISE 6 (page 131) Answers will vary.

Error is in parentheses; correction follows. Paragraph 1:

(several of) several

(couple week) couple of weeks (furnitures) furniture

(lot of) lots of/a lot of Paragraph 2:

(sugars) sugar (milks) milk (mails) mail

(many advice) advice/a lot of advice (fifty letter) fifty letters

(advices) advice (A few) A few of

Paragraph 3: (informations) information

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(some problem) some problems

(couple of problems) a couple of problems

(lot of problems) a lot of problems/lots of problems (several time) several times

Check audio script on LP page S-3 for answers

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Unit 9

Degree Complements: Too, Enough, and Very Opening Task

Step 1

apartment, kitchen, bedroom, dining room, large, furnished, kitchen, month Step 2

Answers may vary. Possible answers include: a. 2

b. 1 c. 4 d. 3 Step 3

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 1 (pages 138-139) 1. too small, not enough closets 2. too large, too expensive

3. enough closets, big enough, too noisy

EXERCISE 2 (page 139) 2. e 3. j 4. g 5. h 6. i 7. b 8. c 9. f 10. a EXERCISE 3 (page 141) 2. not big enough

3. close enough 4. not enough time 5. have enough time 6. too difficult 7. too short

8. ask enough questions 9. not study enough 10. too quickly

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Expressions of insufficiency underlined; replacement follows.

wasn’t enough room was too little room only had a few chairs had too few chairs weren’t enough glasses were too few glasses didn’t get very much to drink got too little to drink wasn’t enough cake was too little cake for everyone not enough people wanted to dance too few people wanted to dance didn’t bring enough film brought too little film only has about ten wedding photographs has too few wedding photographs

EXERCISE 6 (page 144) (2) very (3) too/to (4) very (5) very (6) very (7) too/to (8) very EXERCISE 7 (page 145) (2) not/n’t/enough (3) enough (4) too/to (5) enough (6) very (7) too (8) too many (9) not/n’t enough (10) too much (11) enough (12) enough (13) too little (14) too many (15) not enough (16) too (17) enough (18) enough

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Activity 7 – Listening Step 2

Check audio script on LP page 2-4 Step 3

1. too many of them

2. too much noise and pollution

3. aren’t enough playgrounds and parks to play in 4. enough room for another parking lot

5. too much oil and coal

6. aren’t enough alternative forms of energy 7. too polluted to live in

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Unit 10

Giving Advice and Expressing Opinions: Should, Ought to, Need to, Must, Had Better, Could and Might

A. Live Longer, Eat Better B. Make More Friends C. Ways to Save the Planet

D. How to Stay Married for a Long Time E. Losing 30 Pounds in 30 Days

F. How to Dress for Success

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 2. should 3. must 4. must not 5. must not 6. must 7. should 8. should 9. should not 10. should not EXERCISE 4 (page 156) 2) must 3) ’d better 4) should/ought to 5) ’d better not 6) should not 7) must not

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EXERCISE 5 (pages 156-157) 1. must not 2. should 3. must not 4. must not 5. ’d better not 6. must 7. should 8. should 9. should 10. must EXERCISE 6 (page 158) Answers will vary.

First, the woman should take the mouse to the car, leaving the cat with the cheese. Next, she should return and pick up the cat and take it to the car. As soon as she gets to the car with the cat, she should remove the mouse and take it with her, leaving the cat in the car. When she gets back to the shopping area, she should pick up the cheese and leave the mouse. Then she should take the cheese to the car and leave it there with the cat. Finally, she should return to collect the mouse and bring it with her to the car.

Check audio script on page S-4 of this book for answers. -Smoking should be banned in public places.

-Parents should not smoke at home in front of children.

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Unit 11

Modals of Necessity and Prohibition: Have To/Have Got To, Do Not Have To, Must/Must Not, Cannot

1. a passport; a tourist visa

2. fireworks; fresh fruit (according to California law)

3. Answers will vary depending on individual points of view but may include: traveler’s checks; a credit card; a return airline ticket; photographs of your hometown; Chinese pop music CDs (answers will definitely vary on this one); hiking boots (depending on the type of vacation)

4. Answers will vary but may include: a cell phone; an international driver’s license; an umbrella; a business suit; books about China; a laptop computer; a map of the United States; California guide books (can buy them there); a surfboard (can rent one)

Answers will vary, depending on what students wrote in the Opening Task

The use of have got to may vary. Possible answers include: 1. have to turn right

2. have got to stop 3. have to yield

4. has to look out of pedestrians 5. have got to turn left?

6. has to wait until the other cars go

Answers will vary from state to state and depending on students’ opinions, but in general, states require that one takes an eye test, takes a written test, and passes a driving test to get a driver’s license.

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Answers may vary, depending on students’ perceptions of how important and how necessary the actions are. Possible answers include:

1. have got to 2. have to 3. have got to

4. have to / has got to 5. have to

Answers will vary, but will probably include:

You must not/cannot: walk on the grass; pick the flowers; park here; draw or write on the statue; throw bottles in this bin; let your dog walk here/bring dogs here; smoke in the park; ride a bicycle here; climb the trees.

1. Museum/movie theater: You can’t/must not take pictures.

2. Restaurant/movie theater/school: You can’t/must not use a cell phone. 3. Museum: Adults must/have to pay $4.00. (Children don’t have to pay.) 4. Airport/school: You cannot/must not carry any knives or scissors

5. Museum: Leave backpacks at the front desk. (You don’t have to leave purses or small bags.)

6. Bus station: You must/have to have the right/the correct/the exact change.

Answers may vary. Possible answers include: Sign 3: You don’t have to pay for children

Sign 5: You don’t have to leave purses or small bags at the front desk.

Answers will vary, depending on students’ advice and opinions.

EXERCISE 10 (pages 176-177) Step 1 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F

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6. T 7. F Step 2

Answers may vary slightly but they are likely to be those listed below: 1. You must/have to drive with your headlights dimmed during the day. 2. You mustn’t/cannot run out of gas.

3. You must/have to reduce your speed when it rains. You cannot/must not drive as fast as the “normal” speed limit when it rains.

Step 3

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 11 (page 179) (1) had to (2) had to (3) had to (4) didn’t have to (5) had to (6) won’t have to (7) don’t have to (8) don’t have to EXERCISE 12 (page 180) 1. (c) have to 2. (c) don’t have to 3. (a) had to 4. (b) won’t have to 5. (b) can’t 6. (b) have to 7. (a) have got to 8. (c) could 9. (c) can’t 10. (a) must not 11. (c) must 12. (c) have got to

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Activity 4 – Speaking/listening Step 1

TOPIC WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO

becoming a United States

citizen be over 18, have a green card for 5 years, take a test in language and American history, swear an oath of allegiance getting a social security number show birth certificate, passport, green card, or immigration

status

getting a driver’s license show photo ID, prove that you are resident in the state, show your social security number, pay a fee, pass the driving exam (two parts: written and driving), have insurance

Step 4

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Unit 12

Expressing Likes and Dislikes

Opening Task

Answers will vary, depending on the information students have gathered.

EXERCISE 3 (page 188) 2. g 3. h 4. j 5. i 6. l 7. c 8. f 9. a 10. e 11. b 12. k EXERCISE 4 (page 189)

(Answers C and I can be used interchangeably) 1. H 2. F 3. I 4. G 5. A 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. C EXERCISE 5 (page 190)

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 2) So do I

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3) Sort of/Kind of 4) Neither do I 5) really don’t 6) neither do I 7) Sort of/Kind of 8) I do too/So do I 9) certainly 10) Sort of/Kind of 11) really 12) So do I/I do too 13) So have I/I have too 14) kind of/sort of EXERCISE 6 (page 191) 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. F EXERCISE 7 (page 192)

1. Gerunds: walking, cooking, dancing, hiking, jogging, cycling 2. Gerunds as Subjects: cooking, jogging, cycling

Gerunds as Objects: walking, dancing, hiking

3. Sentences 1, 5, and 6 can be rewritten using infinitives.

Activity 1 – Speaking Answers will vary.

Activity 2 – Speaking Answers will vary.

Activity 6 – Listening Step 1

Check audio script on LP page S-5 for answers. Step 2

1 – I do too 2 - So do I 3 – Neither do I

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4 - Kind of 5 – I don’t either 6 – Sort of

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Unit 13

Present Perfect With Since and For Opening Task

Step 2

Weight: 185 lbs. Cigarettes: Yes How long: 5 years Started: 1995 Stopped: 2000 Alcohol: Yes Glasses: Yes How Long: 2003

Health Problems: Headaches How long: 2 months

Step 3

Answers may vary. Students may not yet be familiar with this grammar structure. Possible answers include:

PAST:

1. He was born in 1975. /He started smoking in 1995. 2. He stopped smoking in 2000. /He broke his ankle in 1992. PRESENT:

1. He weighs 185 lbs. /He is 5 feet 11 inches tall. /He doesn’t smoke.

2. He drinks a glass of wine with dinner. /He wears glasses. /He had headaches. PAST AND PRESENT:

1. He has worn glasses since 2003. 2. He has had headaches for 2 months.

EXERCISE 1 (page 199) 1) has had 2) hasn’t had 3) was 4) broke 5) doesn’t smoke 6) stopped 7) hasn’t smoked 8) wears 9) has worn 10) worked/has EXERCISE 2 (page 200) 1. Do you wear glasses?

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2. When did you start wearing them? 3. Have you worn them for some time? 4. Do you smoke?

5. When did you stop?

6. Have you smoked since then?/since that time? 7. Have you had these headaches for some time?

Questions and answers will vary, depending on what students choose to talk about.

EXERCISE 4 (page 201) Since: that time, 2003, 1998 For: three weeks

EXERCISE 5 (page 202) 1. (a) They don’t live here now. (b) They still live here. 2. No difference

3. (a) They still work for the same company. (b) They don’t still work for the same company. 4. No difference

5. No difference

There are seven people staying in the hotel right now. B. Simpson has stayed there the longest.

2. …has stayed in the hotel since March 6. 3. …has stayed in the hotel since March 4. 4. …has stayed in the hotel for 10 nights. 5. …have stayed in the hotel for three nights. 6. …has stayed in the hotel since March 2.

7. …has stayed in the hotel for eight days/just over a week. 8. …stayed in the hotel for three nights.

1. He has worked for the TV station for eight years. 2. They have been married since 1962.

3. She has known how to fix a car for a long time.

4. Since his car broke down, Tom has ridden his bike to work. 5. I have wanted to go to China for several years.

6. My brother has painted since he was in college.

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7. I have been afraid of bats since I was a child. 8. My mother has been in France since last week.

9. My sister has run two miles every morning since she was 15 years old. 10. They have gone to Cape Cod every summer for 12 years.

EXERCISE 8 (page 205) 2) for 3) have known 4) since 5) met 6) have worked 7) for 8) showed 9) taught 10) for 11) quit 12) haven’t worked 13) since 14) started 15) ate EXERCISE 9 (page 206) Error in parentheses:

3. (several years) for several years 6. (since) for

8. (has found out) found out 10. (takes) has taken 11. (since) for Activity 5 – Listening Step 2 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. f 6. b Step 3

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Unit 14

Present Perfect and Simple Past: Ever, Never, Already, and Yet Opening Task

Step 1

Top picture: Sydney, Australia’s Opera House Second picture, left: London, England’s Big Ben

Third picture, right: Moscow, Russia’s St. Basil’s Cathedral Step 2

They have already visited Sydney, Honolulu, San Francisco, New York, and Paris. They have not yet visited London, Singapore, or Hong Kong.

Step 3

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 1 (page 215) 1. Roman Holiday

2. and

3. Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 2 (pages 215-216) 2. Has Tom seen…

3. Have Patty and Mark seen…

4. Did Karen see High Noon last weekend? 5. Did Patty and Mark see Psycho?

6. Has Robert seen Psycho?

7. Have Carolyn and Terry seen Roman Holiday?

8. Did Tom see The Godfather last night/yesterday/on Tuesday?

EXERCISE 3 (page 216) (1) have walked (2) have seen (3) took (4) went (5) have seen (6) went (7) had (8) have eaten (9) tried (10) have spent

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EXERCISE 4 (page 217) Errors are in parentheses: (I’ve gone); I went (I’ve ridden); I rode

(Have ever you been); Have you ever been (I’ve ever been); I’ve been

(I’ve taken); I took

EXERCISE 5 (pages 218-219) 1. B: I have/ ’ve never tried B: I have/ ’ve never done A: Have you ever washed C: I have/ ’ve tried A: did you try C: I used

2. A: Have you ever read B: have; read

B: have/ ’ve forgotten; won 3. B: Has he ever been

A: came B: Has he been

A: he has/ ’s never been; he has traveled B: Did you take

A: he has never visited 4. A: Did you go out B: We went

A: I have/ ’ve never been there B: I have/ ’ve eaten

A: Have you ever tried B: We had a

EXERCISE 7 (page 220) 1) Have you eaten yet

2) Have you ever eaten/been/gone there? 3) I never have/not yet

4) Have you ever gone 5) I never have

6) Have you eaten a dinner that she cooked 7) Yes, I have

8) I already did/stopped there

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Activities 2-5 Answers will vary.

Check audio script, LP page S-10 for answers.

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Unit 15

Present Perfect Progressive Opening Task Step 2 Muddy boots: 4 Baking bread: 1 Fixing a car: 2 Exhausted: 6 Running a marathon: 6 Chopping onions: 5 Wet hair: 3 Gardening: 4 Crying: 5 Swimming: 3 Covered in oil: 2 Covered in flour: 1 EXERCISE 1 (page 228)

2. Linda is dirty because she has been fixing her car. 3. Melina’s hair is wet because she has been swimming.

4. Julia and Fred have muddy boots because they have been gardening. 5. Sue is crying because she has been chopping onions.

6. Tom and Brian are exhausted because they have been running in a marathon.

2. They have been playing tennis. 3. They have been shopping.

4. They have been hiking for a long time. 5. He hasn’t been sleeping.

6. She’s been eating a hamburger (or a hot dog). 7. He hasn’t been shaving.

EXERCISE 3 (pages 230-231) 2. have been writing

3. has been raining 4. has been barking 5. have been looking 6. have been living 7. have been studying

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8. have been trying

EXERCISE 4 (pages 231-232) (2) ’ve been taking

(3) haven’t been going (4) ’ve been cooking/eating (5) ’ve been feeling

(6) have (you) been doing (7) ’ve been seeing (8) ’ve been sailing (9) ’ve been spending

(10) ’ve been talking/thinking (11) have you been doing (12) ’ve been studying

EXERCISE 5 (page 233) 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a EXERCISE 6 (page 234)

1. I’ve been waiting for you to wake up for three hours. 2. I’ve been trying to change the oil for 45 minutes. 3. We’ve been discussing it for ten years.

4. I’ve been planning dinner all day.

EXERCISE 7 (page 234) (1) have/’ve been trying (2) have been calling (3) have/’ve been hoping (4) Have you been waiting (5) have you been

(6) have/’ve been standing (7) has started

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See audio script on LP page S-6. Answers include:

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Man: Has lived here for 6 years (since 1991), has had two children, has been busy being a dad, has been running a dry cleaning business, wife has been working when she is not busy with the kids. Woman: has been here about 5 years, has been working as an editor, has taken sailing lessons, has been mountain climbing; Eddy has been working in a law firm, they have had a daughter.

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Unit 16

Making Offers with Would You Like Opening Task

Step 3

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: Student A: 1. Would you like something to drink? 2. Would you like an aspirin?

3. Would you like me to open the window?

4. Would you like me to get you another door key? 5. Would you like me to call a taxi for you?

Student B: 1. Would you like me to call building maintenance? 2. Would you like another light bulb?

3. Would you like another blanket?

4. Would you like me to get you something to eat? 5. Would you like me to call a doctor?

EXERCISE 2 (page 241) 1. Would you like to… 2. Would you like to… 3. Would you like to…coats?

4. Do you want/Would you like a chair? 5. Do you want/would you like… 6. Do you want/Would you like…

7. Do you want/Would you like the window open? 8. Would you like more coffee?

EXERCISE 4 (page 242) 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. f 5. d 6. b

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Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. Would you like some more (coffee/tea)? 2. Would you like some more (soup/cake)?

3. Would you like to see…(a photograph of something/my new…)? 4. Would you like a blanket?/Would you like me to turn up the heat?

5. Would you like me to help you with that?/Would you like me to carry that for you? 6. Would you like to…(have lunch sometime)?

7. Would you like to borrow…(my grammar book)?

1. Would you like me to turn the video on 2. Would you like some more pie

3. Would you like my seat?/to sit here 4. Would you like me to mail these for you 5. Would you like a ride to work

6. Would you like a ride

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Unit 17

Requests and Permission: Can, Could, Will, Would, and May Opening Task Step 2 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. f 6. b EXERCISE 1 (page 250)

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. Could you please tell me what time it is?

2. Could you tell me where the tomato sauce is, please?

3. Excuse me, would you mind helping me get this box of tissues? 4. Would you please help me read this list of ingredients?

5. Will you keep my place in line? I have to get some milk. 6. Can you give me some change for the parking meter, please?

7. Excuse me, would you mind checking this bill for me? I think there’s a mistake.

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. Could you please open the door for me 2. Would you mind not talking so loudly 3. Can you move it a little more to the left/right 4. Would you please take our picture?

5. Would you mind turning down your music

EXERCISE 4 (page 254) Request for Permission: 3. May I ask you a question?

6. Can I speak to you about the assignment? 8. May we leave class early today?

10. Could I borrow your textbook?

11. Would you mind if I handed in my assignment a day late?

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General Request:

2. Can you open the window? 4. Could you speak more slowly?

5. Would you mind lending me your dictionary? 7. Would you tell me the answer?

9. Could you show us how to find the answers? 12. Will you help me with my homework?

Answers will vary. All general requests and requests for permission should include: Can…?, Could…?, Will…?, Would…?, May…?, and possible please or Would you mind…?

Possible answers include:

1. Would you mind if I handed in my assignment late 2. May I close the window

3. Can I ask a question, please 4. May I speak to…

5. May I talk to… 6. Could I have a cookie 7. May I have another… 8. May I help you

Answers will vary. Possible questions include: 1. May I use the phone?

2. Could you repeat that, please?

3. Could you please tell me if Flight 255 from Denver is on time? 4. May I borrow your car?

5. Would you mind buying me some aspirin? 6. May I leave the room now?

7. Can I/Would you shut the window, please? 8. Can you spare some time to talk with me? 9. Could I please change my appointment? 10. Can I have some tea, please?

Activity 5 – Reading/speaking Step 1

Answers may vary slightly, but all should include a polite request and/or a request for permission.

Activity 6 – Listening/writing Step 2

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See audio script, LP page S-7. Exact requests:

Agnes: Please give me some money.

Eliza: Would you be able to lend me some money?

Agnes: Could you please write me a letter of recommendation?

Eliza: Would you be so kind as to write me a letter of recommendation? Eliza: Could I have a second piece?

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Unit 18

Used To With Still and Anymore

Opening Task Step 1 1. Jennifer Lopez 2. Nicole Kidman 3. Arnold Schwarzenegger 4. Morgan Freeman 5. Brad Pitt 6. Julia Roberts Step 2 a. (3) Arnold Schwarzenegger b. (6) Julia Roberts c. (2) Nicole Kidman d. (1) Jennifer Lopez e. (4) Morgan Freeman f. (5) Brad Pitt EXERCISE 1 (page 264)

1. b. She used to have dark hair but now she has light brown hair. c. She used to be on TV but now she makes movies.

2. a. Brad Pitt used to have short hair but now he has long hair. b. He used to live in Missouri but now he lives in Hollywood. c. He used to drive limousines but now he is a movie star.

1. Julia Roberts still has long hair. She is still very slim. 2. Morgan Freeman still has a beard. He still wears an earring. 3. Jennifer Lopez still has long hair.

4. Arnold Schwarzenegger still looks very strong.

5. Nicole Kidman is still very pretty. She still has the same smile. 6. Brad Pitt is still very handsome. He still has blond hair.

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-He used to work for a newspaper in Toronto but now he works for one in Washington, D.C.

-He used to go swimming every day but now he goes running. -He still weighs 190 pounds.

-He used to be single but now he is married.

EXERCISE 5 (page 267) 2. still grow, fruit and vegetables 3. used to mine silver in the north 4. don’t mine, anymore

5. did not/didn’t use to produce silk in the north 6. used to produce, south

7. still mine, diamonds 8. still grow, coffee 9. still mine, gold

always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never

Check audio script, LP page S-7, for answers.

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Unit 19

Past Perfect: Before and After

Answers will vary. Possible answers include: -Rose had two children.

-Mark and Ann had two sons.

-Kay got married and had a daughter. -Lisa was married three times.

EXERCISE 1 (page 275) 2. had had two children

3. had (gotten) married three times 4. Tom got/arrived/returned home had gotten married

had had a daughter 5. had had twin boys 6. had lost her husband

had gained five great-grandchildren 7. had died

were born

8. had become grandparents 9. had had

had not/hadn’t (gotten) married had (gotten) married

had not/hadn’t had

1) 1, 2 He took the bus because his car had broken down.

2) 2, 1 Charlotte was depressed because she had failed her English exam. 3) 1, 2 Tanya’s skin was very red because she had sat in the sun all afternoon. 4) 1, 2 We were really hungry because we hadn’t eaten all day.

5) 2, 1 Brenda’s clothes were too tight because she hadn’t exercised for several months. 6. 2, 1 Neville couldn’t sleep because he had drunk several cups of very strong coffee. 7) 1, 2 We thought the test was very easy because we had studied hard for three weeks. 8) 2, 1 I felt very tired yesterday morning because I hadn’t slept well.

2. She had checked the map carefully before she started her journey.

3. She lost her way because so many things in her hometown had changed. (√) 4. By the time she arrived, the party had almost finished. (√)

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5. Many of her old school friends had left before she got there.

6. She didn’t recognize some of her friends because they had changed so much. 7. After she had talked to them for a while about the old days, she started to feel quite sad.

8. By the time she got home, she had decided not to go to any more high school reunions. (√)

To the teacher: (√) = must use past perfect with “by the…” time expressions. 1. After sue had done/did some research on the Internet, she planned her trip. 2. After she had bought/bought an airline ticket, she booked a hotel in Palermo. 3. She had bought/bought a guidebook and a map before she packed her bags. 4. After she had arrived/arrived in Palermo, she called her mother’s school friends. 5. She had walked/walked around the city before she met her mother’s friend in the main square.

6. After they had driven/drove to her grandmother’s village, they visited her grandmother’s old home.

7. They had spoken/spoke to many family members, friends, and other villagers, before they returned to the city.

8. Sue had learned a lot about her grandmother’s life, by the time she got back at the end of the day. (√)

9. After she (had gone) went back to her hotel, she wrote some notes about her experience.

10. She returned home, and by the end of the year she had written a successful book about her trip. (√)

EXERCISE 5 (page 279) 1. because he had eaten 2. Jan was really confused

3. Graham has gone home. OR: because he had 4. he has traveled OR: was a lucky man

5. she had broken her leg

6. Before he had left/left the house

7. after she has graded them OR: Professor Westerfield always returned 8. your plane had left

9. they had missed the bus.

EXERCISE 6 (page 279) (2) was driving (3) had forgotten (4) arrived (5) didn’t have (6) had left

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(7) climbed (8) had hidden (9) weren’t (10) hadn’t put (11) was opening (12) saw

(13) Have/Did, have locked/did you lock (14) left/have left (15) helped (16) drove (17) had left (18) hasn’t tried Activity 6 Step 3

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Unit 20

Articles: The, A/An, Some, and Ø

Opening Task Step 2 a. 2 b. 8 c. 5 d. 7 e. 9 f. 1 g. 6 h. 4 i. 3 Step 3 1, 2, 5, 4, 3 EXERCISE 1 (page 287) 1.a 2. Ø 3. some 4. an 5. The 6. Ø 7. some/ Ø 8. some/ Ø 9. the 10. Ø 11. the 12. The EXERCISE 2 (page 288)

1. a—singular count noun; talking about it (a job) for the first time; answers the question What?

2. Ø —plural count noun; talking about a group of things (apartments), not a specific apartment; answers the question What?

3. some— plural count noun; talking about quantity; answers the question What?

4. an—singular count noun; talking about it (an apartment) for the first time; answers the question What?

5. The—singular count noun; second mention; answers the question Which?

6. Ø —plural count noun; talking about a group of things (old houses), not a specific house.

7. Some/ Ø —either can be used with a plural count noun.

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8. Some/ Ø —either can be used with a plural count noun.

9. the—singular count noun; second mention; answers the question Which? 10. Ø —plural count noun; no article needed.

11. the —singular count noun; answers the question Which?

12. the —singular count noun; second mention; answers the question Which?

EXERCISE 3 (page 289) Correct: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Incorrect: 2) should use the because orchard has already been mentioned. 4) should use the because forest has already been mentioned.

10) should use a because this is the first time deer watching party has been mentioned. EXERCISE 4 (page 289) 1. a 2. an 3. a 4. Ø, Ø, a 5. Ø 6. Ø 7. Ø EXERCISE 5 (page 290)

Some could be used in sentences 2, 6, 7, 8, 10.

EXERCISE 6 (page 291) 1. an 2. The 3. the 4. The 5. an, a 6. The 7. some/the 8. some/ Ø 9. the, the, the

1. There should be no article before love. 2. No article before love.

3. No article before money. 4. No article before money.

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5. No article before health.

6. There should be an article before Work.

7. There should be an article (the) before both love and health.

EXERCISE 8 (page 294) 1. (a) In a family’s living room.

(b) A parent or older sibling speaking to a younger child.

(c) Before – the listener was near the TV. After – he or she turned on the TV. 2. (a) In a family’s living room.

(b) Adults talking to each other or a younger child speaking to an older one. (c) Before – the listener was near the TV or was holding the remote. After – he or she changed the channel.

3. (a) In a classroom. (b) The teacher.

(c) Before – the teacher ran out of chalk. After – a student did what was requested. 4. (a) In a garden.

(b) A guest/visitor

(c) Before – they were taking a tour of the garden. After – they continued the tour. 5. (a) At dinner

(b) One of the people at the table.

(c) Before – they were serving themselves. After – someone honored the request 6. (a) In any public place.

(b) A woman who needs to use the restroom.

(c) Before – she was looking for the restroom or for someone to ask. After – the person she asked gave her directions.

7. (a) In or outside of someone’s house.

(b) One family member to another (or roommate).

(c) Before – they were discussing the weather while looking out the window. After – the person said good-bye and left the house (without the umbrella).

8. (a) In someone’s home or outside in the yard. (b) One family member to another.

(c) Before – the person noticed the dog was gone. After – the other person answered the question and/or helped look for the dog.

9. (a) Outside

(b) Probably two people who are romantically involved, but not necessarily (c) Before and after – they made small talk and/or kissed.

10. (a) Anywhere

(b) A family member

(c) Before and after – they were discussing vacation plans and destinations.

EXERCISE 9 (page 294) 1. a living room, L

2. a living room, L 3. a classroom, L

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4. a garden, L 5. at dinner, L

6. any public place, R

7. in or outside of someone’s home, U

8. in someone’s home or outside in the yard, L 9. outside, U

10. anywhere, R

11. in a family’s house, L 12. anywhere, R

1. S – because telephone booth has been mentioned before.

2. R – because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; window is part of the telephone booth.

3. R – because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; all telephone booths have floors.

4. S – because broom has been mentioned before.

5. R – because a related noun, telephone booth, has been mentioned before; all telephone booths have telephones.

6. R – because a related noun, telephone and telephone booth, have been mentioned. 7. S – because coffee mug has been mentioned before.

8. S – because phone call has been mentioned before.

EXERCISE 11 (page 296) Correct order: f,a,i,h,c,g,d,b,e

h. the suburbs – relates to something talked about before – “a quiet neighborhood” is sentence i – and it’s universally known; the house – second mention c. The second place – because of the adjective second; the house – second mention g. the real estate agent – second mention; the house – second mention; the apartment buildings – second mention d. the end of a dead-end street – related mention (dead-end streets have an “end”) and uniqueness because there is only one end of a dead-end street, which is regionally known b. the little house – second mention; the kitchen – second mention e. the kitchen – second mention; the house – second mention

Answers may vary, since it may be possible to justify the choice of the for more than one reason. Possible answers include:

1. f 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. e 6. d

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7. d 8. b 9. a 10. e 11. e 12. a 13. d EXERCISE 13 (page 298) Line 2: the experience - identified Line 3: a plane – first mention Line 3: a plane ticket – first mention Line 4: the Red Cross – unique noun/name Line 5: the greatest need – unique noun

Line 6: a shelter manager – not specific, first mention Line 7: the day– specific (the day of the story)

Line 7: the evening - specific (the evening of the story) Line 9: the local residents – specific

Line 9: the ‘new’ residents – specific Line 12: a story of survival – not specific Line 13: a grandmother – first mention

Line 15: the rising waters – specific (the waters caused by Hurricane Katrina) Line 14: an empty fishing boat – first mention

Line 15: the boat – second mention Line 17: the shelter – second mention Line 17: a place to sleep – not specific

Line 17: The next day – specific (the day of the story)

Line 18: the community – specific (the community of that area) Line 18: a local building contractor --first mention

Line 18: The next day – specific (the day of the story) Line 19: the day after that – specific

Line 20: a two-year lease – first mention Line 20: a trailer – first mention

Line 21: hundreds of volunteers – not specific Line 21: the images – identified

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Activity 5 – Listening Speaker 1:

First mention a Second mention a Other uses of the house rug

living room visit study desk kitchen view table desk living room kitchen study rug

The ground floor (shared knowledge: the house I live in)

The floor (shared

knowledge: belonging to the house I live in) The window (shared knowledge: belonging to the house I live in) The garden (shared knowledge: belonging to the house I live in) Speaker 2:

First mention a Second mention a Other uses of the living room bed

bedroom chest (of drawers) kitchen lamp

bathroom sofa kitchen table armchair cup (of coffee)

kitchen (2) bedroom living room (2)

The second floor (shared knowledge: of the building I live in)

The best room (“one of a kind”)

The table (related mention)

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Unit 21

Articles With Names of Places

Answers will vary.

(left to right, 1st row): Mount Everest, Amazon River, Sahara Desert (left to right, 2nd row): Greenland, Lake Superior, Jupiter

Step 2

Asia, the Amazon, Russia, Greenland, the Himalayas, Mt. Everest, the Sahara, the Pacific Ocean, Lake Superior, Jupiter

EXERCISE 1 (page 305) 2. (A): the Amazon 3. (B): Russia 4. (B): Greenland 5. (A): the Himalayas 6. (B): Mt. Everest 7. (A) the Sahara

8. (A): the Pacific Ocean 9. (B): Lake Superior 10. (B): Jupiter

Canada (– use no article - with names of country) Vancouver (– use no article with names of cities)

Mount Whistler (– use no article with names of single mountains) Lake Louise (– use no article with names of lakes)

Victoria (– use no article with names of cities)

British Columbia (– use no article with names of provinces) Pacific Ocean (– use the with names of oceans)

Rockies (– use the with names of mountain ranges)

Queen Charlotte Islands (- use the with names of groups of islands) Alaska (– use no article with names of states)

EXERCISE 3 (page 306) (1) Ø (2) Ø (3) Ø (4) Ø (5) Ø (6) Ø

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(7) the (8) the (9) the (10) Ø (11) The (12) The (13) Ø EXERCISE 4 (page 307) 1) Ø 2) the 3) the 4) the 5) Ø 6) Ø 7) the 8) Ø 9) Ø 10) the EXERCISE 5 (page 308) 3. Ø 4. Ø 5. the 6. the 7. Ø 8. the 9. the 10. Ø 11. the 12. the 13. the 14. Ø 15. Ø 16. Ø EXERCISE 6 (page 308) 1. the 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. Ø 6. Ø

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7. the 8. Ø 9. the 10. Ø 11. the 12. the Activity 4 – Listening

1. The woman is talking about Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is in South America. The woman likes it because the people are nice and there’s a lot to see. 2. Leblon Beach, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Santa Marinha Street, South America, the City Historic Museum, City Park, Rio de Janeiro, Ipanema Beach

3. The only article used is the Santa Marinha Street.

Activity 6 – Reading/speaking Boston

Massachusetts New England the Public Garden Copley Square the Hancock Tower the Museum of Fine Arts the Old North Church Harvard University the Berkshire Mountains the Elizabeth Islands Nantucket Island Sturbridge Village New York

New York State the Northeast

the Statue of Liberty the Empire State Building the Metropolitan Museum of Art the Guggenheim Museum Washington Square Park the Catskill Mountains the Finger Lakes the Jersey Shore

Washington Square Park

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Unit 22 The Passive Opening Task Step 2

raise sheep in the northwest grow cotton in the south grow wheat in the east mine copper in the southeast raise goats in the west

The passive voice is preferable throughout as it focuses on the result of the action:

Sheep are raised…,. Cotton is grown…, Wheat is grown…, Copper is mined…, Goats are raised… EXERCISE 2 (page 315) 1. 2 2. 1 3. 1 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1

Yes, because it is not important to know who performed the act (mining, planting, producing).

Rewritten statements:

2. Silver has been mined throughout… 3. The first crop of rice will be planted in… 6. Grapes have been produced in…

EXERCISE 3 (page 316) (1) was built

(2) are being constructed (3) will be finished (4) was known (5) were written (6) were published (7) are be translated (8) is (being) taught (9) are spoken (10) were arrested

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(11) were robbed

(12) have been performed (13) has been served (14) have been invited

The flowers were moved. The door was opened, and a windowpane from the door was broken. The vase was taken from the top of the dresser. The dresser drawer was opened, and a jewelry box was moved to the top of the dresser. Jewelry was stolen from the box. The suitcase was moved and partially unlocked. The telephone was

unplugged/disconnected.

Passage 1: Unnecessary by-phrases: 2, 4, 5, 9

Passage 2: Unnecessary by-phrases: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9

EXERCISE 6 (page 320) 1. d 2. a 3. g 4. h 5. b 6. c 7. f 8. e EXERCISE 7 (page 321) (2) got broken into

(3) got damaged (4) had gotten smashed (5) had gotten fined (6) Did / got stolen (7) Did / get arrested (8) had gotten thrown (9) will get finished

(10) am not going to get paid

Passage 1: (1) got trapped, (2) got hit, (3) didn’t get injured, (4) got damaged, (5) got infected, (6) got called, (8) had gotten delayed, (10) don’t get delivered, (11) get fired,

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(12) got finished. Sentences 7 and 9: the be-passive must be used with stative verbs such as the ones in these sentences.

Passage 2: (2) got stolen, (3) had gotten replaced, (4) didn’t get taken, (5) all got fooled Sentence 1: the be-passive can only be used – it emphasizes a continuing state.

1. Elvis was seen in a supermarket line. 2. The vice president got kidnapped…

3. The world’s worst husband got married 36 times.

4. A man’s false teeth got stuck in his throat for six months. 5. A three-year-old got arrested driving a truck.