Roundup Ultra
“
Agriculture is our business”
“We are only successful, if the farmer is successful”
-Hugh Grant, Monsanto CEO
Monsanto is focused 100% in agriculture
Monsanto Company
Roundup innovation / udvikling
1974
2012
Roundup
Classic
Roundup
Flex
Roundup
Bio
Roundup
FORMULATION
GLYPHOSATE- CHEMISTRY
•
Glyphosate acid is herbicidal, but insoluble in water
•
When reacted with metal or amine it forms a salt. One or more of
the hydrogen atoms is replaced by the metal cation. The salt is
soluble in water.
N
HO
O
H
PO
3
H
glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine
+/-
H
+GLYH
2-K
+or Na
+or
NH
4+GLYH
3NB Here is where the free hydrogen comes from when left in galvanised containers. H ions react with galvanising to release H2 gas.
Hvad gør Roundup
®til et bedre produkt ?
Næsten ingen penetration:
Kun 3 to 4 %
Glyphosat
Alene
Blad overfladen skades
og giver en nedsat
Transport ind i planten:
Hurtig synlig effekt
Stresset planter
Reduceret translokation
Roundup
+ Bioactivator
Penetrering gennem
Epidermis, forbedre den
systemiske effekt:
•
Ingen stres
Langsommere
visuel effekt
•
Øget optagelse og
translokation
Glyphosat
+ additiv
How the salts compare….1
Isopropylamine (IPA)
•Most commonly used salt
•480g IPA salt yields 360g acid
•Limits on ai concentration so no very high load materials
•Viscous at very high loadings
•Salt is intrinsically safe to plant tissue
•Surfactant choice influences uptake, translocation and COSHH rating
Roundup Biactive
Amenity Glyphosate 360 White Label and Generics
Trimesium (sulfonium or sulfosate)
•Salt is intrinsically toxic to plants cells causing yellowing
•Symptom development faster but lower translocation
•Poor COSHH rating - Occupational Exposure limits needed
•No aquatic use
Touchdown – GONE
Di-ammonium salt
•Fast acting, efficiently translocated and good rainfastness
•Good on broad-leaved targets
•Clean COSHH rating but harmful to fish
How the salts compare….2
Ammonium salt •Very high loads possible saving packaging and storage (up to 68%)
•Fast acting, very efficiently translocated and good rainfastness
•Good on broad-leaved targets
•COSHH rating Irritant due to high loading of ai
Roundup Max Glyphos Dakar
Potassium salt •More acid per gram of salt (440g K salt yields 360g acid)
•High load liquid formulations possible (up to 58%)
•Low viscosity at high loading
•Salt is intrinsically safe to plant tissue
•Surfactant choice influences uptake, translocation and COSHH rating Roundup Klik/ Ace/Energy Roundup ProBiactive Roundup Ultimate Roundup Metro Roundup FLEX
Hvorfor Kalium Salt ?
•
Lav molekylevægt
–
440g Kaliumsalt = 360g acid
–
Sammenlignet med 480 g Isopropylamine salt
–
Lav viscosity = hurtigere tømning af dunk
–
Fleksibel til højere koncentration af glyphosate
How the surfactants compare….1
Ethoxylated tallow amine surfactant (ETA)
• Old technology and cheap to produce
• Aggressive to the plant cuticle and causes fairly fast symptomology but less translocation
• Rainfastness >6 hours and up to 24 hrs
• Needs extra surfactant at low rates
• Tank mix options very limited
• Poor COSHH rating – Irritant or Harmful
Alkyl Phosphate Ester surfactant also known as APE or Phosphate esters • Anionic surfactant
• Tissue safe with intermediate in speed of symptomology and translocation.
• Non-hazardous
•Long term control of perennials better than ETA but not as good as Biactivators
•Not as active gram-for-gram active ingredient as most other formulations, especially at low rates so watch rate comparisons
How the surfactants compare….2
Bioactivators
(Blend of Quaternary Ammonium Compound and humectant)
• Symptomology slower, due to the lack of tissue damage on leaf entry, but translocation is higher
• Improved broad-leaved weed activity (cf ETA & APE)
• Rainfast in 2-6 hours
• Non-hazardous
• Does not require extra surfactant at low rates
• Very good tank mix compatibility
•UNIQUE, PATENTED MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY
Alkyl-poly glucoside (sugar ether)
•Non-ionic and non-aggressive surfactant, bringing slow uptake (it is the TMS salt that damages
epidermal cells)
•Low unit surfactant activity prevents high-load formulations
•Rainfastness of 6 hours
How the surfactants compare….3
Transorb •Increased cuticle permeability
•Delivers excellent uptake and improved penetration and translocation so better in marginal conditions
•Rainfast from 1 hour
•Intermediate load (45% w/w) less packaging etc
•COSHH-friendly, non-hazardous formulation
• No extra surfactant needed at low rates
•Tank mixes better than ETA
•UNIQUE, PATENTED MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY
Alkyloxylated cationic
surfactant
•Excellent uptake, penetration and speed of activity
•Dry formulation offers packaging benefits
•Rainfastness from 1 hour
•Allows high load formulations (68% w/w)
•Irritant
•Good tank mix compatibility
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
% samples in range
Glyphosate content in “360 g/l”
14• 59 products labelled as containing 360 g/L glyphosate
• over 50% contained <360 g/L
• 5% contained less than 342 g/L (i.e. below FAO minimum
tolerance +/- 5% of declared content, 342-378 g/L*)
* FAO Specification 284 /TK (2000) Glyphosate Soluble Concentrates
glyphosate acid g/L % of samples within range 333-337 2% 338-442 3% 343-347 12% 348-352 17% 353-357 25% 358-362 32% 363-367 5% 368-372 3%
Surfactant content
15
Target concentration
• 38 out of 59 products contained ETA
• 90% contained less than the standard product
• 5% contained only traces of surfactant
ethoxylated tallow amine g/L % samples within range 8-39 5% 40-71 3% 72-103 18% 104-135 32% 136-167 32% 168-199 8% >200 3% Target range
Specific tests at sub-optimum conditions
growth chamber
weeds
application
chamber
sprayed weeds
assessments
Roundup brands tested vs. ETA, APE and WDG’s
Regnfast
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rain after 30
minutues
Rain after 2 hours
No rain
% Contr
ol of Cou
ch
Transorb wetter
Traditional formulation
Source: Auto radiography, St Louis
Higher uptake 3 hours
Higher uptake 3 hours
after treatment
Roundup Energy
Traditional
Formulation
Better on Tough Weeds
50 60 70 80 90 100Creeping Thistle 30-50DAT Common couch 21-30DAT Cranesbill 30-50DAT Roundup Ultra Traditional formulation
Source: UK and EU trials, 1999-2005 % foliar kill
2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.75 3.75
2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.75 3.75
Formuleringen gør forskellen!
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