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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW
THE STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION GYMNASIUM 1637 Project subject:
"Use of 3D technologies
in art and design activity.
Creative project (model) "Salute of the Victory""
On the project worked: (8A class) (9B class)
Project managers: Kotenyova Inna Valeryevna, English teacher, Rybaulina Olga Vasilyevna, Art and drawing teacher
2 Contents: Introduction ___________________________________________________________ 3
1. Theoretical part. Use 3D - technologies in modern design. _____________________ 3
1.1. The review 3D - the technologies used in modern design (3D - scanning, prototyping and 3D - modeling, 3D - printing )._______________________________
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1.2. Scopes 3D - technologies in design (subject design, design of the environment). 4
1.3. Use 3D - technologies on classes in design and drawing in Gymnazium 1637.____ 5
2. Practical part. Creative project "Salute of the Victory".________________________ 6
2.1. Purposes, tasks and contents of the project.________________________________ 6
2.2. Work on the Salute of a Victory project.__________________________________ 7
2.3. Composite decision and elements of the model.____________________________ 8
Conclusion.____________________________________________________________ 13
3 Introduction.
3D-technologies gain the increasing value in the modern world now, find application in the most various areas of human activity. 3D-technologies are already effectively used in engineering activity, the systems of automatic design allowing to automate processes of design in mechanical engineering and construction exist and are improved. 3D-technologies use in medicine: in prosthetics, in orthopedics, replacing plaster bandages with 3D-orthoses, in the long term – the press of fragments of a skeleton and human bodies.
However and in everyday human life of 3D-technology gain the increasing value. That a few years ago seemed a fantasy, now becomes habitual. Stereo glasses, virtual reality, 3D-movies already surprise nobody. But the three-dimensional graphics isn't limited to "volume" images on the plane.
3D-modeling is a process of creation of volume model of any subject. The purpose of three-dimensional modeling consists in creating a visual three-dimensional image it is necessary for you object. It allows to create exact copies of certain subjects, and also to create the new. Already now it is possible to design practically any subject and to unpack it, using different types of plastic, glass, metal, construction mixes.
However in this project we decided to consider possibilities of application of 3D-technology in modern art designing, and design as also we learn to use these technologies in work on creative projects.
1. Theoretical part. Use of 3D-technologies in modern design.
The design, formation of subject and spatial habitat of the person, is one of areas in which innovative technologies are used, take root and develop most actively. According to futurologists, in the near future each person will be able to buy not things, but digital models, and to publish them on the 3D-printer of the house or in special point.
1.1 The review of the 3D-technologies used in modern design (3D-scanning, prototyping and 3D-modeling, 3D - printing).
3D-scanning is a process which is used for receiving exact models of subjects of a difficult form which is difficult for reproducing by means of measurements by ordinary tools. It is possible to make changes with special 3D-programs to the received digital model, it is possible to create new models on the basis of set (for example, at design of footwear it is possible to scan a foot and to create model taking into account all anatomic features).
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3D-modeling is the process of creation of virtual volume models of any objects allowing to present most precisely a form, the size, texture of object, to estimate appearance and ergonomics of a product. It is the tool which allows to project practically any object of design, from jewelry, footwear, clothes to cars and architectural constructions.
The 3D-press is a process of layer-by-layer creation of physical object on in advance created digital model. It can be carried out in the different ways, with use of different materials, including plastics, ceramic mixes, alloys of metal powders and even food and biological components. There are two main methods of the three-dimensional press – additive, similar to an inkjet printing when plastic melts under the influence of temperature and stiffens, getting on a platform, forming a layer behind a layer the set model. The second method – powder agglomeration, a layer behind a layer, under the influence of a laser beam, an ultra-violet lamp or the special sticking together substance. Already now 20% of the unpacked models are the products ready to application.
1.2 Scopes of 3D-technologies in design (subject design, design of the environment).
As it was told above, in different areas of design 3D-technologies are widely applied now. In the fashionable industry there are collections of clothes, footwear, jewelry executed with their use.
So, the first pair of shoes "adjusted" to foot was printed on 3D - the printer in 2011, and now such models participate in fashionable displays on all main podiums of the world. And in 2013 the 3D technology - the press of footwear began to gain nature of mass production. At once two American companies, Nike and New Balance, prepare for release of the sneakers printed on 3D - the printer on technology of laser agglomeration.
After footwear the three-dimensional press of clothes started developing. In 2011 on a Week of haute couture in Paris the Dutch designer Iris van Herpen presented the amazing spring/summer 2011 collection from nine printed on 3D - the printer of dresses. In 2013 such collections was already a little. In 1999 concepts 3D - textiles were developed, and prototypes 3D-fabrics are created later. The three-dimensional press allowed to receive new drawings of fabrics which can't be received in the "traditional" way.
Besides, modeling and the press of bags actively develops. There are sites on which it is possible to choose costume jewelry from the offered catalog of 3D-models, it is possible to make changes to the chosen model, it is possible "to load" the model created in 3D-the program and to order the press. The finished product can be received by mail.
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There are design studios which are engaged 3D - in design of furniture. For example, FRONT studio and their concept of Sketch Furniture created in 2006. It shows a new way of design of furniture: the user draws it directly in air a special feather which trajectory of the movement is taken by means of the motion capture technology. Further digital information is transferred to the computer which gives command to the printer to unpack the received objects on the basis of the generated model.
There are technologies allowing to print buildings from sandstone without human intervention. This material is ecologically safe, and also doesn't demand fittings. In China print easy lodges on the basis of concrete mixes, in Amsterdam the project of a house in the form of the Moebius band which will be printed on 3D - the printer is developed.
Thus, 3D-technologies give new opportunities in design, as from positions of the esthetic decision, figurative expressiveness, and from positions of functionality, ergonomics and anthropometry.
1.3. Use of 3D-technologies on classes in design and drawing in Gymnazium 1637.
At our school children start getting acquainted with 3D-technologies on occupations of extracurricular activities about 5-6 classes, at lessons of drawing and design in 8-9 classes. These technologies allow to make educational process by more evident, cause interest in children and, as a result, desire to be engaged, give the new modern tool allowing to express the thoughts, to design and receive desirable object or an image.
On occupations free programs for 3D-modeling, such as TinkerCAD (tinkercad.com) – for acquaintance with 3D - technologies, SketchUp, family of the Autodesk 123d programs are used. Thanks to the city project "School of New Technologies", children from the 10th class had an opportunity to get acquainted with the professional program for computer design of SOLIDWORKS.
On occupations children model architectural constructions, think out fairy tale characters, elements of registration of an interior, souvenirs on the basis of solids, solve problems of modeling of details of the set drawing. Among the creative projects executed with application 3D - technologies, it is possible to call the projects "Red List of Professions" (the 9th class), "School of my dream" (the 10th class).
We would like to consider in more detail the Salute of the Victory project in which were used, besides material technologies, 3D - modeling and 3D - printing.
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2. Practical part. Creative project "Salute of the Victory".
Last year the 70th anniversary of a victory in the Great Patriotic War was celebrated. The collective of the classes of Gymnasium 1637 which are trained the 7-10kh submits the creative project "Salute of the Victory" which is devoted to memory of all participants of the Great Patriotic War and its largest battles which became critical events during war, with gratitude and respect for a feat of army and all Soviet people. Representatives of school design bureau "Artel" and 3D club - modeling worked on the project.
2.1. Purposes, tasks and contents of the project.
Main purpose of our work - creation of the model devoted to decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War
Project tasks:
studying of history of such largest battles of the Great Patriotic War as the Moscow
fight, the Battle of Stalingrad, Battle near Kursk in 1943;
creation of the composite solution of the model;
use of technical means of creation of necessary objects and effects (3D modeling,
illumination, video, sound).
Relevance of the project is connected with opportunity to express the gratitude and respect for a feat of army and all Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, with need of preservation of historical memory, with a raising of patriotic sentiments in modern society.
The model can have practical application – it can be considered as the project of the monument located in an urban environment or a fragment of an exposition of the exhibition complex devoted to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
Except presented, in a similar exposition also other largest battles – speeding up of Dnieper, a lifting the siege of Leningrad, defense of Sevastopol, fight for the Caucasus, liberation of Belarus, a capture of Berlin and others can be similarly shown.
Such exposition can be as in Moscow, in Volgograd, in Kursk, and in other cities of our country.
7 2.2. Work on the Salute of a Victory project.
In work on the project both material, and information, and also 3D technologies were used. The choice of materials and technologies was caused by a thematic and composite plan of the model. Materials and tools:
Materials and tools for prototyping (penokarton, color and white paper, a colored
film, glue, a model knife, acrylic paints).
Photographic materials from open photobanks, cards of military operations (from the
Internet resources devoted to the Great Patriotic War).
The graphic Photoshop editor (for processing of photographic materials).
3D Tinkercad editor, 3D printer.
Work stages:
1. Information: definition of the concept and contents of the project, development of
sketches of the composite decision, definition of a technical component of the project. At this stage we studied history of the Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk fight, selected illustrative material on the open Internet resources devoted to the Great Patriotic War did sketches of the model and separate elements.
2. Design: definition of the composite decision, development and production of elements of
the model, processing and placement of photographic materials. At this stage 3D models of elements of the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Theotokos that on the Ditch (St. Basil's Cathedral), the Belfry in Prokhorovka, the T-34 tank were executed. The "stained glass" decorative walls and steles symbolizing battles are executed.
3. Finishing: assembly of the model with use of technical devices and the prepared
elements. At this stage of model were printed on the 3D printer, large panels of the model were assembled, steles are mounted, decorative elements ("walls") are fixed, lighting elements (galogenovy lamps) are established.
Technical equipment:
The model is executed with application of 3D technologies (modeling, the press of some elements), equipped with the tablet for demonstration of the video, illumination.
8 2.3. Composite decision and elements of the model.
The central element of composition of the model is the screen (tablet) on which the video "Letter to the Soldier of Russia" is shown. The roller is devoted not only to victories in battles of the Great Patriotic War, but also in other battles of the 20th eyelid in which the Soldier of Russia happened to participate. The concept of a roller – caution and an appeal to cherish the fragile peace on Earth. But it doesn't contradict the general idea of the model, after all "Salute of the Victory" is not only a symbol of pleasure, but also a tribute to the memory, gratitude and respect of defenders of the country.
Basic elements of composition are steles with information on battles, photos of the military chronicle, posters, newspaper articles. Instead of static photos replaceable photos or plasma panels on which it is possible to show video or a slideshow can be used. Behind steles decorative walls with the stylized images of salute are placed (with imitation of a stained-glass window), for creation of effect of salute illumination is behind used by galogenov lamps.
The horizontal plane is laid out by the cards of three battles and decorative elements repeating drawing of "salute" on walls.
9 Decorative walls with illumination.
The stylized image of salute executed on decorative walls defines the name of the model. "Salute of the Victory" - in honor of victories in decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War and in honor of the Great Victory.
Compositions are executed from a penokarton and design paper, with imitation of a stained-glass window by means of a colored film. Illumination creates effect of salute, especially at the lowered lighting.
The steles devoted to decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War.
Pro-carved compositions are executed from a penokarton, decorative walls with illumination are behind established.
Fight for Moscow (30.09.1941-20.04.1942).
Historical information.
Fight for Moscow is one of the most large-scale fights for war time by number of the participating troops and on the suffered losses.
During battle the German troops suffered notable defeat. As a result of counterattack of the Soviet army and the general approach they were rejected on 100 — 250 km. The Tula, Ryazan and Moscow areas, many regions of Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol areas were completely
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released. Fight for Moscow is called a turning point during the Great Patriotic War since enemy troops couldn't seize the capital of our country.
We chose as the main image representing fight for Moscow the Moscow Kremlin. On Red Square, at walls of the Kremlin, parade from which troops went to the front took place on November 7, 1941. On June 22, 1945 on Red Square Parade of the Victory took place.
On a stele: the newspaper articles of 1942, posters and photos devoted to the Moscow fight, defenders of the city and home front workers.
Battle of Stalingrad (17.07.1942-2.02.1943).
Historical information.
The battle of Stalingrad is the largest overland fight in the history of mankind which became a turning point during military operations after which the German troops lost a strategic initiative.
The victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad is the largest military-political event during World War II. The great fight which ended with an environment, defeat and capture of perfect enemy group made a huge contribution to achievement of fundamental change during the Great Patriotic War and had serious impact on the further course of all World War II.
We chose as the main image representing fight for Stalingrad a sculpture "the Motherland calls!" — the composite center of memorial ensemble to "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd (sculptor E.V.Vuchetich).
On a stele: the posters and photos devoted to the Battle of Stalingrad.
Kursk fight (5.07.1943-23.08.1943).
Historical information.
Kursk fight - the largest tank battle in the history.
During approach of Red army and the followed counterattack of Wehrmacht in east Ukraine in the center of the Soviet-German front the ledge up to 150 km in depth and up to 200 km wide, turned into West side was formed (so-called "A Kursk arch"). A victory on the Kursk arch and the followed strategic approach according to the plan to the summer — autumn campaign of 1943 marked completion of fundamental change during the Great Patriotic War and , as a result, in World War II.
August 23 - Day of defeat by the Soviet troops of fascist troops in Kursk fight (1943) is Day of military glory of Russia.
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The main image representing Kursk fight we selected sculptural song "Tank battle near Prokhorovkaya. Ram" (author Friedrich Sogojan).
In a stele the opening symbolizing break from which there are T-34 tanks is executed (more precisely, their models).
Historical information.
The T-34 tank - the most mass average tank of World War II. I differed in possibility, maneuverability, mobility. It was developed in design office of tank department of the Kharkov plant under the leadership of M.I.Koshkin.Thanks to set of the fighting qualities of T-34 it was recognized as many experts and military experts one of the best tanks of World War II.
In the Salute of the Victory model of model of tanks are printed on the 3D printer. The tank model, as well as other models in the project, was created in the 3D Tinkercad program by the pupil of the 7th class Arseny Davydov, however for the press the ready model was chosen from open base 3D of models.
Except the tank, in the model such elements as 3D model of fragments of the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Theotokos that on the Ditch (St. Basil's Cathedral) and the Monument to the Victory in Prokhorovka are used. Models were executed also in the Tinkercad program by the schoolgirl of the 7th class Emma Agababyan, printed and painted with acrylic paints.
The 3D printer prints Belfry model in Prokhorovka
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The choice of these objects is too not casual. St. Basil's Cathedral – one of the famous and most beautiful constructions on Red Square, is the business card of Moscow therefore we couldn't ignore it .
Belfry in the village of Prokhorovka of the Belgorod region - the main monument of the memorial estate "Prohorov's Field" (it is open on May 3, 1995, to the 50 anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War). On this field the largest battle took place on July 12, 1943 during a defensive phase of Kursk fight. Therefore in this project the Belfry is a symbol of Kursk fight.
13 Conclusion.
The composition turned out dynamic, bright, quite simple performed by therefore we hope that our project will be sometime realized, and we will be able to see it on streets of our city or as registration of an exposition of showroom, for example, in the museum of the Great Patriotic War.
In the course of work on the project we:
studied history of three decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War;
expressed the respect to soldiers of the Great Patriotic War and their great victories, executed the model of a monument or registration of showroom;
used graphic, composite and technical means (3D technology) for creation of a desirable image.
Also we hope that we managed to tell that we conceived.
Thus, we were convinced that the 3D - technologies allow to make work on the model simpler and effective: to achieve the necessary degree of accuracy and expressiveness in development of elements of the model, to simplify production of elements of the model, having printed them on 3D - the printer. We were convinced that the 3D - technologies are technologies of the future which promptly develop and give new opportunities even in work on the school project.
14 Literature:
1. Botvinnikov A.D., Vinogradov V. N., Vyshnepolsky I.S.
Drawing. The textbook for high comprehensive school. – M.: Nuclear heating plant, 2012. 2. Kalmykova N. V., Maximova I.A. Prototyping. M.; "Arkhitektura-S", 2004.
3. Volume and spatial composition. The textbook for Higher education institutions. V. Stepanov, V. I. Malygin, G. I. Ivanova, etc. - M. Stroyizdat:, 1993.
4. Shimko V. T. Bases of design and environmental design. – M.:arkhitektura-S, 2007.
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