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Defining and Defining and

Evaluating Picture Evaluating Picture

Books Books

Source: Picturing Books Source: Picturing Books A website about picture books A website about picture books

http://picturingbooks.imaginarylands.org/

http://picturingbooks.imaginarylands.org/

(2)

The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

Picture books arePicture books are

art objects.art objects.

books in which images and ideas join books in which images and ideas join to form a unique whole.

to form a unique whole.

In the best picture books, the In the best picture books, the

illustrations extend and enhance the illustrations extend and enhance the

written text, providing readers with written text, providing readers with

an aesthetic experience that is more an aesthetic experience that is more

than the sum of the book’s parts.

than the sum of the book’s parts.

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The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

"One night, after thinking it over for "One night, after thinking it over for some time, Harold decided to go for some time, Harold decided to go for

a walk in the moonlight."

a walk in the moonlight."

That simple sentence introduces Harold, a That simple sentence introduces Harold, a pajama-clad boy and his ubiquitous purple pajama-clad boy and his ubiquitous purple

crayon. Harold's wanderings through the crayon. Harold's wanderings through the

night are deceptively simple, but his night are deceptively simple, but his

creator's achievement is unmistakable.

creator's achievement is unmistakable.

(4)

The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

Crockett Johnson's understanding of the power of Crockett Johnson's understanding of the power of

illustration to tell a story is delivered in a series of purple illustration to tell a story is delivered in a series of purple

squiggles and lines.

squiggles and lines.

At the center of the book is Harold's boundless At the center of the book is Harold's boundless imagination.

imagination.

Johnson allows Harold's own creativity to become the Johnson allows Harold's own creativity to become the driving force behind the narrative.

driving force behind the narrative.

(5)

The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

After Harold has had his fill of After Harold has had his fill of

adventure he decides it is time to go adventure he decides it is time to go

home.

home.

He draws window after window, but He draws window after window, but somehow none of them are right.

somehow none of them are right.

Finally, he sees the moon framed inside Finally, he sees the moon framed inside one of the windows he has drawn and one of the windows he has drawn and

realizes this window will take him home.

realizes this window will take him home.

It is the same window we see on page It is the same window we see on page one of the book. Deceptively

one of the book. Deceptively simple...simply genius.

simple...simply genius.

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The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

Words and pictures. These are the two principle Words and pictures. These are the two principle components of a picture book.

components of a picture book.

Beyond the words and pictures are the medium, style, Beyond the words and pictures are the medium, style, placement of text, and selection of typeface.

placement of text, and selection of typeface.

Sometimes the simple choice of shape or trim size Sometimes the simple choice of shape or trim size enhances the experience.

enhances the experience.

(7)

The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

The small size of Beatrix Potter's The The small size of Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit was no accident.

Tale of Peter Rabbit was no accident.

She created a small book perfect for She created a small book perfect for

small hands.

small hands.

Often indistinguishable, these Often indistinguishable, these

components are part of the design components are part of the design

process; threads woven through the process; threads woven through the

book, adding depth and dimension to book, adding depth and dimension to

the overall visual experience.

the overall visual experience.

(8)

The Picture Book Defined The Picture Book Defined

A universal definition of a picture book is hard to pin A universal definition of a picture book is hard to pin down, but one thing experts agree on is that the

down, but one thing experts agree on is that the

interplay of narrative and illustration is fundamental interplay of narrative and illustration is fundamental

to the book as a whole.

to the book as a whole.

Picture books, picture storybooks, and illustrated Picture books, picture storybooks, and illustrated

books are similar in that illustrations play an integral books are similar in that illustrations play an integral

role in each format.

role in each format.

These terms are often used interchangeably. The These terms are often used interchangeably. The difference between the three is the degree to which difference between the three is the degree to which

illustrations play a role.

illustrations play a role.

(9)

Picture Storybook Picture Storybook

Integrate words and Integrate words and illustrations on

illustrations on each pageeach page to tell a story

to tell a story

Pictures complement the Pictures complement the story

story

The Story of Babar, the The Story of Babar, the Little Elephant

Little Elephant

(10)

Illustrated Book Illustrated Book

Text and art are equally balancedText and art are equally balanced..

Illustrations compliment the story.Illustrations compliment the story.

The stark black, white, and gray art in The stark black, white, and gray art in Tom Feelings' masterpiece The Middle Tom Feelings' masterpiece The Middle

Passage is an example.

Passage is an example.

Illustrations capture the despair of Illustrations capture the despair of people ripped from their homeland people ripped from their homeland

and forced across the Atlantic ocean, and forced across the Atlantic ocean,

where they face one horror and where they face one horror and

humiliation after another in a harsh humiliation after another in a harsh

and cruel new world.

and cruel new world.

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Picture Book Picture Book

A picture book is a fusion of A picture book is a fusion of words and pictures.

words and pictures.

Outstanding picture books Outstanding picture books seamlessly meld both

seamlessly meld both

components together, forming components together, forming

a rich and rewarding reading a rich and rewarding reading

experience.

experience.

While the illustrations are the While the illustrations are the core of the book, the text is core of the book, the text is

still essential.

still essential.

(12)

Picture Book Picture Book

Text inspires the pictures. Text inspires the pictures.

Snappy dialogue drives the Snappy dialogue drives the narrative.

narrative.

(13)

Caldecott Award Caldecott Award

Annual award distributed by the Annual award distributed by the

American Library Association for most American Library Association for most

distinguished contribution in distinguished contribution in

illustration.

illustration.

"A picture book for children, as distinguished from "A picture book for children, as distinguished from other books with illustrations, is one that essentially other books with illustrations, is one that essentially

provides the child with a visual experience.

provides the child with a visual experience.

A picture book has a collective unity of story-line, A picture book has a collective unity of story-line, theme, or concept, developed through the series of theme, or concept, developed through the series of

pictures of which the book is comprised."

pictures of which the book is comprised."

(14)

Elements Elements

Picture books are a format (form/design) Picture books are a format (form/design) and not a genre (content).

and not a genre (content).

Evaluate visual aspects of picture books throughEvaluate visual aspects of picture books through

Physical characteristicsPhysical characteristics

Elements of illustrations in isolationElements of illustrations in isolation

Elements of illustrations in the picture book Elements of illustrations in the picture book context

context

(15)

Elements of Picture Books Elements of Picture Books

32 pages is standard (though titles can be 24-48 pages). 32 pages is standard (though titles can be 24-48 pages).

Illustrations dominate text. Illustrations dominate text.

Illustrations integrate with the narrative to bring the story Illustrations integrate with the narrative to bring the story to a satisfying conclusion.

to a satisfying conclusion.

Word count is generally less than 500 words, although Word count is generally less than 500 words, although picture books can have over 2000 words or have none at picture books can have over 2000 words or have none at

all, as is the case with wordless picture books.

all, as is the case with wordless picture books.

Overall design builds a relationship between the text and Overall design builds a relationship between the text and the illustrations; this includes the

the illustrations; this includes the front matter, back front matter, back matter, and the book jacket.

matter, and the book jacket.

(16)

Genre Genre

Genre designates a type-Genre designates a type--for example: mystery, -for example: mystery, adventure, romance, science fiction, history, traditional adventure, romance, science fiction, history, traditional literature, informational, and anthropomorphic (animal) literature, informational, and anthropomorphic (animal)

stories.

stories.

Unlike novels, pictures books have fewer genres. Unlike novels, pictures books have fewer genres.

While they exist, it is difficult to find mystery or science While they exist, it is difficult to find mystery or science fiction picture books.

fiction picture books.

(17)

Toy Books Toy Books

TOY BOOKS physically TOY BOOKS physically engage the reader.

engage the reader.

Include board books, pull-tab Include board books, pull-tab books, flap books, pop-up

books, flap books, pop-up books, cloth books, and books, cloth books, and

plastic books (bathtub plastic books (bathtub

books), textured books.

books), textured books.

Toy books can be simple or Toy books can be simple or very complex.

very complex.

(18)

Concept Books Concept Books

CONCEPT BOOKS foster visual literacy CONCEPT BOOKS foster visual literacy and language development in children.

and language development in children.

Concept books introduce children to Concept books introduce children to shapes, colors, the alphabet, counting, shapes, colors, the alphabet, counting,

and more difficult concepts, such as and more difficult concepts, such as

principles of grammar and time.

principles of grammar and time.

ALPHABET BOOKS introduce children to ALPHABET BOOKS introduce children to the ABCs and COUNTING BOOKS

the ABCs and COUNTING BOOKS introduce numbers and counting.

introduce numbers and counting.

(19)

Wordless Books Wordless Books

WORDLESS BOOKS are excellent WORDLESS BOOKS are excellent tools to help children develop

tools to help children develop language and narrative skills.

language and narrative skills.

In wordless books text is absent or In wordless books text is absent or minimal, so children apply meaning minimal, so children apply meaning

to the story.

to the story.

The marvel of wordless or nearly The marvel of wordless or nearly

wordless books is the opportunity to wordless books is the opportunity to

retell the story over and over.

retell the story over and over.

Illustrations in wordless or nearly Illustrations in wordless or nearly wordless books offer a degree of wordless books offer a degree of

detail and plot complexity.

detail and plot complexity.

(20)

Easy Readers Easy Readers

EASY READERS, sometimes called EASY READERS, sometimes called beginning books or readers, are beginning books or readers, are

transition books for children moving transition books for children moving

from picture books to chapter books.

from picture books to chapter books.

They are designed to read with minimal They are designed to read with minimal or no assistance from an adult.

or no assistance from an adult.

Features include larger typefaces, short Features include larger typefaces, short sentences, sight words, and extra space sentences, sight words, and extra space

between words and lines.

between words and lines.

(21)

Animal Stories Animal Stories

ANTHROPOMORPHIC (ANIMAL) STORIES ANTHROPOMORPHIC (ANIMAL) STORIES are realistic stories that have animal or are realistic stories that have animal or

inanimate objects as the main character.

inanimate objects as the main character.

Animals and objects talk, walk, dress, Animals and objects talk, walk, dress, and otherwise behave like humans.

and otherwise behave like humans.

There is usually little or no magic There is usually little or no magic because the animals or objects have because the animals or objects have

human characteristics that render them human characteristics that render them

capable of extraordinary feats.

capable of extraordinary feats.

Settings can be imaginary or Settings can be imaginary or contemporary.

contemporary.

(22)

Realistic Stories Realistic Stories

REALISTIC STORIES feature REALISTIC STORIES feature

sympathetic characters that children sympathetic characters that children

identify and empathize with.

identify and empathize with.

For the last two decades or so For the last two decades or so authors have explored timely, authors have explored timely,

somber topics in picture books, such somber topics in picture books, such

as cancer, death, homosexuality, as cancer, death, homosexuality,

adoption, and AIDS--to name a few.

adoption, and AIDS--to name a few.

Realistic books can have a Realistic books can have a

contemporary or historical setting.

contemporary or historical setting.

(23)

Magic Realism Magic Realism

MAGIC REALISM is a fusion of reality and MAGIC REALISM is a fusion of reality and imagination, with dreamlike imagery that imagination, with dreamlike imagery that

heightens the experience.

heightens the experience.

Ordinary activities are infused with a sense of Ordinary activities are infused with a sense of wonder and promise--anything is possible:

wonder and promise--anything is possible:

a boy can take a purple crayon and create a fabulous a boy can take a purple crayon and create a fabulous dream world,

dream world,

a board game can come to life, or a board game can come to life, or

a boat can transport a frustrated child to a land a boat can transport a frustrated child to a land where Wild Things rule.

where Wild Things rule.

These tales can have a contemporary or an These tales can have a contemporary or an imaginary setting.

imaginary setting.

(24)

Traditional Literature Traditional Literature

TRADITIONAL LITERATURE includes tall TRADITIONAL LITERATURE includes tall tales, fairy tales, folktales, trickster

tales, fairy tales, folktales, trickster

tales, myths, legends, noodlehead tales, tales, myths, legends, noodlehead tales,

jataka tales, beast tales, creation jataka tales, beast tales, creation

stories, pourqoui tales, Mother Goose, stories, pourqoui tales, Mother Goose,

and fables.

and fables.

Traditional literature features Traditional literature features

storytelling patterns, rich language, and storytelling patterns, rich language, and

elements of fantasy.

elements of fantasy.

TRADITIONAL LITERATURE can be set TRADITIONAL LITERATURE can be set in both imaginary and contemporary in both imaginary and contemporary

settings.

settings.

(25)

Informational Books Informational Books

INFORMATIONAL (nonfiction) picture books INFORMATIONAL (nonfiction) picture books are an alternative to encyclopedias and other are an alternative to encyclopedias and other

reference sources.

reference sources.

Illustrations and/or photographs are bright Illustrations and/or photographs are bright and colorful.

and colorful.

Accuracy and timeliness of titles is important. Accuracy and timeliness of titles is important.

Look for source notes, bibliographies, indexes, Look for source notes, bibliographies, indexes,

and a table of contents--the mark of and a table of contents--the mark of

exceptional nonfiction.

exceptional nonfiction.

Quality informational books are easy-to-read Quality informational books are easy-to-read and eliminate threat to young readers.

and eliminate threat to young readers.

(26)

Illustrations and Plot Development Illustrations and Plot Development

Illustrations Illustrations

move the story forward move the story forward

engage the reader on both an intellectual and an engage the reader on both an intellectual and an emotional level

emotional level

Expressions of surprise, fear, and consternation express Expressions of surprise, fear, and consternation express emotion as well as action.

emotion as well as action. (Blueberries for Sal)(Blueberries for Sal)

(27)

Illustration and Plot Development Illustration and Plot Development

Artwork may show mounting tension by increasing Artwork may show mounting tension by increasing the size of the pictures.

the size of the pictures. (Where the Wild Things (Where the Wild Things Are)Are)

Pictures become larger as Max’s dream becomes Pictures become larger as Max’s dream becomes more fantastic.

more fantastic.

After the climactic wild rumpus, which is After the climactic wild rumpus, which is

portrayed on three full-sized spreads with no text portrayed on three full-sized spreads with no text

whatsoever, Max returns home.

whatsoever, Max returns home.

The pictures decrease in size, although never The pictures decrease in size, although never down to their original size—just as, symbolically, down to their original size—just as, symbolically, Max will never be quite the same again after his Max will never be quite the same again after his

dream experience.

dream experience.

(28)

Illustration and Plot Development Illustration and Plot Development

Picture book artists also provide clues to the Picture book artists also provide clues to the future action of a story.

future action of a story.

A close look at the first and second pages of A close look at the first and second pages of Where the Wild Things Are

Where the Wild Things Are shows the shows the

mischievous Max dressed in his wild-thing suit mischievous Max dressed in his wild-thing suit and stringing up a homemade tent.

and stringing up a homemade tent.

A plush toy looking vaguely like a wild thing A plush toy looking vaguely like a wild thing hangs nearby.

hangs nearby.

Later those things appear in Max’s dream trip Later those things appear in Max’s dream trip to the far-off land of the wild things.

to the far-off land of the wild things.

(29)

The World of Picture Books

The World of Picture Books

References

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