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12/4/2013. Regulatory Updates. Eric M. Wright, CPA, CITP. Schneider Downs & Co., Inc. December 5, 2013

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Regulatory Updates

Eric M. Wright, CPA, CITP Schneider Downs & Co., Inc. December 5, 2013

Eric M. Wright, CPA, CITP

Eric has been involved with Information Technology with  Schneider Downs since 1983.  He specializes in and  oversees the design, setup installation and  implementation of automated accounting, distribution  and manufacturing systems. Eric also is responsible for the firm’s IT compliance  services.  Eric has performed IT audits on a number of  systems and different organizations.  In addition to  helping our clients with their IT audit initiatives, he has  also assisted clients with becoming PCI‐DSS, HIPAA and  SOX compliant, ISO 27001 certified and performed NIST  security audits. 2

Eric M. Wright, CPA, CITP

Member – Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants

Member – The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants – Information Management and  Technology Assurance Section

Certified Information Technology Professional (CITP)

Chair – PICPA IT Assurance Committee

B.S. – Mathematics and Computer Science, Waynesburg College, Magna Cum Laude

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• Payment Card Industry • HIPAA • State Data Breach Law • Federal Cyber Legislation 4

Topics to be Covered

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Number of Hacks 5

Why all the Fuss?

0 50,000,000 100,000,000 150,000,000 200,000,000 250,000,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Number of Records Breached 6

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Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards

7 • The PCI Data Security Standard (DSS) represents a set of fundamental security requirements,  industry tools and measurements, that address the handling of cardholder information. • The first thing to note, PCI compliance is not required by any federal law. • 48 states have or are in the process of enacting data breach legislation addressing the loss of  credit card data, but for most organizations, this compliance requirement is strictly  “voluntary.” • PCI compliance requirements originally start as multiple programs administered by  individual credit card companies. • Applicable to everyone who “stores, processes, or transmits” payment card data. • Enforced by contract with banks that provide payment card processing. 8

What is PCI‐DSS?

Merchant Compliance Validation Requirements

Payment Brand Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4*

Visa Cardholder Information Security Program (CISP)  6M+ transactions regardless of acceptance channel  Onsite security audit required annually  Network scan required quarterly  1‐6M transactions  Self assessment questionnaire required annually  Network scan required quarterly  20K‐1M e‐commerce transactions  Self‐assessment questionnaire required annually  Network scan required quarterly  Less than 20K e‐ commerce or 1M overall transactions  Self‐assessment questionnaire recommended annually  Network scan recommended quarterly MasterCard Site Data Protection (SDP) Program  6M+ transactions regardless of acceptance channel  Onsite security audit required annually  Network scan required quarterly  1‐6M transactions  Self‐assessment questionnaire required annually  Network scan required quarterly  Over 20K e‐commerce transactions and less than 1M total  Self‐assessment questionnaire required annually  Network scan required quarterly  All other merchants  Self‐assessment questionnaire required annually  Network scan required quarterly American Express Data Security Operating Policy (DSOP)  2.5M+ transactions  Onsite security audit required annually  Network scan required quarterly  50K‐2.5M transactions  Network scan required quarterly  Less than 50K transactions  Network scan recommended quarterly N/A ∙Current requirements as of 5/09 ∙Being considered a Level 1 merchant for any brand causes the remainder of the card brands to consider the entity a Level 1 as well. 9

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• In 2004, the PCI‐DSS version 1.0 was developed by Master Card and  agreed to by the other four major credit card companies. • In September 2006, the Brands formed the PCI –SSC to standardize the  compliance requirements and promote the education and awareness of  protecting cardholder data. • PCI‐DSS 2.0 is the current version. 10

History

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What is New?

• New mobile security standards were released February 2013. • Why is mobile different? –Tablets and smart phones do not provide the same level of security as you  would expect at a traditional retail store. –Almost any mobile application could access account data stored in or passing  through a mobile device. –Trust is important due to the fragmentation of this environment.  This  environment includes device manufacturers, developers of operating  systems, application designers, network carriers and various protocols to link  them all together.  Ensuring security requires all of these parties to work  together. 12

New Standards for Mobile Payment Acceptance

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–What if a device is owned by an individual and not the employer?  How is the  patching process managed without invading the privacy of the owner?  Not  considered best practice and is not recommended. –The ease in which a device can be stolen, modified and returned without  being noticed. 13 • Prevent account data from being intercepted when entering into a mobile  device. • Prevent account data from being compromised while processed or stored  with the mobile device. • Prevent account data from interception upon transmission out of the  mobile device. The guidance consists of 31 control activities that address these 3 objectives. 14

The Three Objectives of the MPA Guidance

• Updated the testing standards associated with use of point‐to‐point  encryption (P2PE) to transmit card data. • Introduced new requirements effective June 30, 2012 associated with  vulnerability scans of internal networks.  These scans must be performed  quarterly or after a significant change in the processing environment. • To obtain a passing grade, the merchant must resolve all “high”  vulnerabilities as defined in requirement 6.2, which requires the  merchant to establish a process to identify and assign a risk ranking to  newly discovered security vulnerabilities. 15

Additional Changes to the Standards

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Future Requirements being Considered

• PCI_DSS version 3.0 – Version 3.0 will include more changes to the framework than version 2.0 – Items being considered in the new standard will include •EMV chip adoption in the US •Strengthening Mobile Payment Acceptance guidelines •Greater awareness and education •Challenges and lessons learned –business as usual •Additional guidance regarding Third Party Security Assurance •Additional requirements for penetration testing and segmentation •Security Policy and Procedures built into each requirement 16 • By October 2015, all merchants will be subjected to the new Europay,  MasterCard and Visa (EMV) standards.   • The new standards marks a shift from magnetic strip credit cards to chip  and pin cards. • The EMV standards will be required for card acquirers, merchants and  processors.  If a merchant does not meet the EMV standards, they will be  held liable for any fraudulent transactions. • The intent is to use both the EMV and PCI standards together to protect  cardholder data. 17

Future Requirements being Considered

18

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• Passed in 1998 with little or no enforcement activity for 10 years. • Congress passes the HiTech act in 2009 as part of ARRA to add teeth to  the original act. • In 2009, moved the enforcement activities from Centers of Medicare and  Medicaid Services to Office of Civil Rights. 19

HIPAA ‐ History

• Policies and Procedures are outdated or do not exist. • Compliance programs were not a priority. • Small providers have broad failures. • Larger entities continue to struggle with data security. • Third parties are not being managed. 20

A Year of Audits

• On January 17, 2013,  the Department of Health and Human Services  Office of Civil Rights released the 563 page final rule detailing the  requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act  (HIPAA). • The final rule made sweeping changes to HIPAA’s data security and  breach requirements and has a significant impact on covered entities,  business associates and subcontractors of business associates. • Rule became effective March 26thand compliance was required by  September 23rd. 21

HIPAA

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• Covered Entities can be held liable for the actions of their business associates. • Holds Business Associates directly liable for compliance with certain HIPAA privacy  and security requirements. • Changes the definition of business associate to include subcontractors that  create, receive, maintain or transmit Protected Health Information (PHI) on behalf  of covered entities.  Business Associates are required to have full‐blown written  Business Associate agreements with sub‐contractors. • Changes the definition of breach to clarify that an impermissible use or disclosure  of PHI is presumed to be a breach, unless the covered entity or Business Associate  can demonstrate there is a low probability that the PHI was compromised. • Requires covered entities to protect decedent’s PHI in accordance with the  privacy rule for 50 years, following the date of death. 22

HIPAA Changes

• Under the current requirements, a breach must be reported only if it  poses a “significant risk of financial, reputational or other harm to the  individual.”  The new rule eliminates the risk of harm threshold and  requires covered entities and business associates to consider four factors  when determining whether a breach must be reported: – 1) The nature and extent of the PHI involved, including the identifiers and the likelihood  of re‐identification; – 2) The unauthorized person who used the PHI or to whom the disclosure was made;  – 3) Whether the PHI was acquired or viewed; and – 4) The extent to which the risk to the PHI has been mitigated. • With few exceptions, prohibits the sale of PHI without  an individual’s  consent. 23

HIPAA Changes 

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• HIPAA enforcement is moving toward a penalty‐based system and away  from voluntary compliance by introducing a tiered system of civil  penalties based on culpability.  Penalties range from $100 to $50,000 per  incident with an annual cap of $1.5 million. • The Office of Civil Rights released a 169 step audit program to address the  new compliance standards. • Enhances the patients rights to electronic copies of their records.   Covered entities must provide an electronic copy of records in a mutually  agreed upon machine readable format.  Also requires covered entities to  provide the records within 30 days instead of 60.  The requests for  records must be in writing and signed by the requesting individual. 24

HIPAA Changes 

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• Requires that covered entities obtain a valid authorization from  individuals before using or disclosing PHI to "market" a product or  service. The term "marketing" means "to make a communication about a  product or service that encourages recipients of the communication to  purchase or use the product or service.” • The changes imposed by the final rule will require most organizations to  revise their Business Associate agreements.  The deadline for having  revised agreements in place is September 23, 2014, unless the parties  amend or renew an existing contract during the period March 26, 2013  through September 23, 2013.  Amendments or contracts signed during  that time period require the Business Associate agreement to comply  with the new regulations by September 23, 2013. 25

HIPAA Changes 

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State Data Breach Laws

26 Personally Identifiable Information (PII):  • Individual’s name, consisting of the individual's first name or first initial  and last name, in combination with… • Social Security Number • Drivers License Number or State Identification Number • Credit Card, Debit Card, Financial Account Numbers Protected Health Information (PHI) • Any information that relates to the past, present, or future physical or  mental health or condition of an individual; Electronic, Paper or Oral 27

PA Data Breach Law ‐ What Information are You 

Generally Required by Law to Secure

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Jurisdictions that have broader definitions

Alaska California Georgia Iowa Kansas Maine

Maryland Massachusetts Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York

North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oregon South Carolina Texas

Vermont Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Washington 

DC Puerto Rico 28 • If a breach occurs, the organization must contact the individuals and  inform them of the circumstances regarding the data breach. • Must provide credit monitoring services if more than 1,000 individuals  information is breached. • If more than 175,000 individuals are effected or the cost to notify is  greater than $100,000, then the organization is permitted to use  alternative method of notification. • With the exception of Alabama, Kentucky, New Mexico and South Dakota  data encryption is a “get out of jail free card”. 29

Data Breach Law

Federal Cyber Legislation

30

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• During the State of the Union address, President Obama announced that he had  issued and signed executive orders on cyber security. • This executive order is directed at federal agencies, but any industry regulated by  a federal agency will be impacted by these new compliance requirements. • The executive order gives the Director of Homeland Security 150 days to identify  critical infrastructure where a cyber incident could result in debilitating impact on  national security, national economic security or public health and safety.  • So, if you are bank, hospital, energy provider or another industry that falls within  the “critical infrastructure” designation, be prepared to comply with these new  regulations. 31

Federal Cyber Legislation

• The executive orders call for cooperation and information sharing between the  private sector and government  so that these entities may better protect and  defend themselves against cyber threats. • Within 240 days, the National Institute of Security and Technology (NIST) must  publish an updated framework to reduce cyber risk to critical infrastructure. • The new framework must: –Create standards that align policy, business and technology to address cyber  risks. –Identify areas that need improvement and can benefit from private and  government  collaboration. –Guidance for measuring improvement. –Align with international standards. –Include best practices. 32

Federal Cyber Legislation 

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