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A stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company s assets and earnings.

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What are stocks?

A stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company’s assets and earnings.

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Why do companies issue stock?

At some point every company needs to raise money. Companies can either borrow it from somebody or raise it by selling part of the company.

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What does the shareholder get out of the deal?

The shareholder gets the hope that the shares will be worth more in the future.

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What’s an IPO?

IPO stands for Initial Public Offering. It’s the first time the stock is available to the public to purchase.

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What is a dividend?

A dividend is money that a company pays to its stockholders from the profits it makes.

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What is the difference between common and preferred stocks?

Common stock is the type most people purchase. It represents ownership of a company and a

claim on part of the profits. Investors get one vote per stock.

Preferred stocks don’t have the same voting rights, but investors are usually guaranteed a fixed dividend. If the company is

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How do stocks trade?

Most stocks are traded on exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. The NYSE is a physical location whereas NASDAQ is a virtual market.

Exchanges are simply places where

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The New York Stock Exchange

On the NYSE, orders come in through brokerage firms and flow down to the floor brokers who go to a specific spot on the floor where the stock trades.

At this spot, there is a ‘specialist’ whose job is to match buyers and sellers. Prices are determined by the auction method. The current price is the

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The NASDAQ Exchange

NASDAQ is a virtual market called an “over the counter (OTC) market. It has no central location or floor brokers. Trading is done through a

computer and telecommunications network of dealers.

These market makers provide continuous bids and ask prices within a prescribed percentage spread for shares for which they are designated to make a

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Is the United States the only country with stock exchanges?

Absolutely not. Many countries have stock markets.

The two other main financial hubs are the London Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock

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What sets the prices on a stock exchange?

Market forces changes stock prices every day. Share prices change because of supply and demand.

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What makes people want to buy one stock and not another?

The price of a stock indicates what investors feel a company is worth.

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What else might influence the price of a stock?

Often times current world events have an impact on the price of stocks.

For example, after 9/11, aviation stocks decreased in value. This was in anticipation of a drop in traveling by the consumer and thus a decrease in profits.

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What about all these animals?

The Bull – a bull market is when the economy is doing well, the GDP is growing and stock prices are rising. The bull market charges ahead.

The Bear – a bear market is when the economy is bad, recession is looming and stock prices are falling.

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What about all these animals?

The Chickens – chickens are afraid to lose

anything. They invest in safe things like bonds or mutual funds.

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In Review

•Stock means ownership.

•You can lose all of your investment with stocks. •The two main types of stocks are common and preferred.

•Stock markets are places where buyers and sellers come together.

•Stock prices change according to supply and demand. •Bulls make money. Bears make money. Chickens sit on money. Pigs just get slaughtered!

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